1
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Xu X, Zhao Y, Gu D, Pei Y, Wu B. Health Behaviors and Self-Reported Oral Health among Centenarians in Nanjing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7285. [PMID: 34299735 PMCID: PMC8304003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The role of health behaviors in oral health conditions in individuals of extremely old age remains understudied. This study included 185 participants aged 100 years or older from the Nanjing Centenarians Study (NCS) to examine the associations between health behaviors and oral health and investigate the potential moderating role of education and living arrangements in such relationships. The oral health status as an outcome included the self-reported oral health status and edentulous status. Health behavior variables included smoking, eating fruits, eating vegetables, participating in leisure activities, and practicing oral hygiene behaviors. Sociodemographic characteristics and health status were considered as confounders. Descriptive statistics, ordinal regression, and logistic regression models were used to address the research questions. Results showed that better oral health was reported by centenarians who were non-smokers, participated in more leisure activities, and practiced higher frequency of oral hygiene behaviors. Those who ate fruits daily and practiced more frequently oral hygiene behaviors were more likely to be dentate. The positive association of oral hygiene behaviors was stronger for centenarians who were formally educated and co-resided with family members. The results suggest that effective interventions should consider health behaviors and living arrangements in this growing population to improve their oral health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Population Research Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210042, China;
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Population Research Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210042, China;
- Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Danan Gu
- Independent Researcher, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Yaolin Pei
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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2
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Vallim AC, Gaio EJ, Oppermann RV, Rösing CK, Albandar JM, Susin C, Haas AN. Obesity as a risk factor for tooth loss over 5 years: A population-based cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 48:14-23. [PMID: 33010056 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess obesity as a risk factor for tooth loss over 5 years in an urban sample of Brazilian adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1586 individuals were surveyed using a multistage probabilistic approach. Five years later, 635 individuals 14-64 years old were re-examined. An incident case of tooth loss was determined for a participant that had lost at least one tooth over time. Obesity was evaluated by calculating body mass index at baseline and by the change in obesity status over time. RESULTS Incident cases of tooth loss were significantly more frequent among obese (47.1%) than normal-weight individuals (32.4%) (p = .004). Obese individuals had 31% higher risk [relative risk (RR) =1.31; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.04-1.65] for tooth loss than normal-weight individuals adjusting for age, socio-economic status, smoking, dental care and periodontitis. This association was significant for females (RR=1.47, 95%CI 1.08-2.01), but not for males. The risk for tooth loss was also modified by presence of periodontitis at baseline and lifetime smoking exposure. There was an increased risk for tooth loss for those that remained obese than those that remained normal weight. CONCLUSION Obesity is associated with higher risk for tooth loss. This association was modified by sex, periodontal status and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Vallim
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Gaio
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Jasim M Albandar
- Periodontal Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alex Nogueira Haas
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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3
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Sczepanik FSC, Grossi ML, Casati M, Goldberg M, Glogauer M, Fine N, Tenenbaum HC. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of oxidative stress: We should treat it that way. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:45-68. [PMID: 32844417 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease. As it progresses, it causes serious morbidity in the form of periodontal abscesses and tooth loss and, in the latter stages, pain. It is also now known that periodontitis is strongly associated with several nonoral diseases. Thus, patients with periodontitis are at greater risk for the development and/or exacerbation of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions. Although it is without question that specific groups of oral bacteria which populate dental plaque play a causative role in the development of periodontitis, it is now thought that once this disease has been triggered, other factors play an equal, and possibly more important, role in its progression, particularly in severe cases or in cases that prove difficult to treat. In this regard, we allude to the host response, specifically the notion that the host, once infected with oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria, will mount a defense response mediated largely through the innate immune system. The most abundant cell type of the innate immune system - polymorphonuclear neutrophils - can, when protecting the host from microbial invasion, mount a response that includes upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, all of which then contribute to the tissue damage and loss of teeth commonly associated with periodontitis. Of the mechanisms referred to here, we suggest that upregulation of reactive oxygen species might play one of the most important roles in the establishment and progression of periodontitis (as well as in other diseases of inflammation) through the development of oxidative stress. In this overview, we discuss both innate and epigenetic factors (eg, diabetes, smoking) that lead to the development of oxidative stress. This oxidative stress then provides an environment conducive to the destructive processes observed in periodontitis. Therefore, we shall describe some of the fundamental characteristics of oxidative stress and its effects on the periodontium, discuss the diseases and other factors that cause oxidative stress, and, finally, review potentially novel therapeutic approaches for the management (and possibly even the reversal) of periodontitis, which rely on the use of therapies, such as resveratrol and other antioxidants, that provide increased antioxidant activity in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Márcio Lima Grossi
- School of Health Sciences, Dentistry, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcio Casati
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University (UNIP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Michael Goldberg
- Discipline of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Periodontology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Thodupuzha, India.,Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Hamza SA, Wahid A, Afzal N, Asif S, Imran MF, Khurshid Z, Bokhari SAH. Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Mouth Wash on Salivary pH and Interleukin-1β Levels among Smokers. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:260-267. [PMID: 32396972 PMCID: PMC7274825 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Smoking induces changes in salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study examined the effect of alkaline oral rinse to modify this effect of smoking on salivary study parameters.
Materials and Methods
A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) on systemically healthy smokers was conducted. A total of 78 smokers, aged 18 to 40 years, were enrolled as per exclusion/inclusion criteria. An alkaline mouthwash was provided to the intervention group and a placebo to control group. Salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker interleukin (IL)-1β levels were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up (14 ± 2 days).
Statistical Analysis
Chi-squared test, independaent
t
-test, and paired
t
-test were used to observe the changes in parameters among and between groups before and after intervention using SPSS v16 with a significance level of
p
≤0.050.
Results
Sixty eight salivary samples were analyzed. All study parameters of the study sample were statistically insignificant between both intervention and control groups at baseline. pH level was 6.56 ± 0.53 at baseline and 6.62 ± 0.45 at follow-up in the intervention group; respective values for control group were 6.70 ± 0.36 and 6.83 ± 0.44 and the changes were not significant (
p
≥0.071). IL-1β level was 9.39 ± 10.23 pg/µL at baseline and 5.40 ± 6.62 pg/µL at a follow-up in the intervention group and the change was significant (
p
= 0.001); respective values for the control group were 10.63 ± 11.50, and 9.33 ± 11.73 and the difference was nonsignificant (
p
= 0.076).
Conclusion
This randomized trial indicated that sodium bicarbonate mouth rinse is effective in decreasing IL-1β levels and increasing salivary pH favorable for prevention of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ameer Hamza
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Wahid
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Afzal
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Asif
- Department of Periodontology, University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mian Farrukh Imran
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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5
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Souto MLS, Rovai ES, Villar CC, Braga MM, Pannuti CM. Effect of smoking cessation on tooth loss: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:245. [PMID: 31718636 PMCID: PMC6852780 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis and tooth loss. Smoking cessation has a positive impact in periodontal treatment. However, so far, no systematic review has evaluated the effect of smoking cessation on tooth loss. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate if smoking cessation reduces the risk of tooth loss. METHODS Observational (cross-sectional and longitudinal) studies that investigated the association between smoking cessation and tooth loss were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases were searched for articles published up to November 2018. Pooled results for subgroups of current and former smokers were compared in meta-analysis. Meta-regression was used to test the influence of smoking status on estimates and explore the heterogeneity. RESULTS Of 230 potentially relevant publications, 21 studies were included in the qualitative review and 12 in the quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies did not show any differences between former and current smokers in the chance of losing 1 or more teeth (OR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.24, I2 = 80%), losing more than 8 teeth (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.78 to 1.32, I2 = 0%) or being edentulous (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.99, I2 = 98%). Meta-analysis from longitudinal studies showed that, when compared to never smokers, former smokers presented no increased risk of tooth loss (RR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.35, I2 = 76%), while current smokers presented an increased risk of tooth loss (RR = 2.60; 95% CI = 2.29 to 2.96, I2 = 61%). Meta-regression showed that, among former smokers, the time of cessation was the variable that better explained heterogeneity (approximately 60%). CONCLUSIONS Risk for tooth loss in former smokers is comparable to that of never smokers. Moreover, former smokers have a reduced risk of tooth loss, when compared to current smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Silveira Souto
- Division of Periodontics, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Silva Rovai
- Division of Periodontics, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cunha Villar
- Division of Periodontics, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Minatel Braga
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Mendes Pannuti
- Division of Periodontics, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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6
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Kang J, Smith S, Pavitt S, Wu J. Association between central obesity and tooth loss in the non‐obese people: Results from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (
NHANES
) 1999–2012. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:430-437. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- Division of Oral BiologySchool of DentistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Scott Smith
- Division of Applied Health and Clinical TranslationSchool of DentistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Susan Pavitt
- Division of Applied Health and Clinical TranslationSchool of DentistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Division of Applied Health and Clinical TranslationSchool of DentistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds UK
- Leeds Institute for Data AnalyticsUniversity of Leeds Leeds UK
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7
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Bussell S, Zhou M, Wang L. A comparison of DALYs for periodontal disease in China between 1990 and 2013: insights from the 2013 global burden of disease study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:74. [PMID: 28399833 PMCID: PMC5387189 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background China has undergone a rapid demographic and epidemiological transition with fast ecomonic development since the 1980s. Oral health is becoming a major public health problem as the prevalence of non-communicable diseases has greatly increased. Periodontal disease (PD) and caries are among the most prevalent oral diseases. PD accounts for the majority of tooth loss and increases with age. China’s third national epidemiological investigation on oral diseases (2005) revealed that periodontitis affected >50% of the adult population. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD2013) have been used to estimate DALYs for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries for 1990–2013. The estimation of burden of PD between 1990 and 2013 will provide a unique perspective for planning interventions and developing public health policies for PD even chronic diseases in China. Methods We used the GBD 2013 results for Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) to calculate Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for PD in China. PD standardized DALYs rate (SDR) per 100,000 persons, the percentage of PD standardized DALYs rate (% PD SDR) in all diseases DALYs, and variance ratio of these two indexes between the years of 1990 and 2013 were compared by province, gender and age groups. Results Nationwide, compared to 1990, the SDR in 2013 increased slightly from 24.7 to 25.7, while the variance ratio of SDR for provinces in the middle, west and south of China showed a greater variation(4.8–6.2%). The % PD SDR in all disease DALYs increased from 0.06 to 0.11% for all groups. The four highest variance ratios % PD SDR in all diseases DALYs between 1990 and 2013 occurred in the west of China (97, 98.6, 108.4 and 112.8%). The PD SDR changed slightly in the women (20.3 to 21.7), meanwhile the variance ratio of PD SDR and % PD SDR in all diseases DALYs for the women (6.7 and 94.5%) was also higher than for men (2.1 and 60.6%). The highest variance ratio % PD SDR in all oral diseases DALYs occurred between 1990 and 2013 in ages 20 to 24 (50.7%) and 25 to 29 years (50.5%). Conclusion The PD standardized DALYs rate and % PD SDR in all diseases DALYs in China in 2013 has increased from 1990. Especially, the variance ratio of % PD SDR in all disease DALYs among Young population and women, in the west provinces of China have been becoming the highest in all age groups and national wide. Future intervention measurements should include young women of child-bearing age because women’s health impacts infant health. Periodontal disease has risk factors in common with a number of other non-communicable diseases (NCD) and conditions, and focusing on the common behavioral and environmental risk factors would be instrumental in the effective prevention of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Non--Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- National Center for Chronic and Non--Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non--Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Non--Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Center for Chronic and Non--Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Scottie Bussell
- Parker Indian Health Center, 12033 West Agency Road, Parker, Arizona, 85344, USA
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Non--Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non--Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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8
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Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Conceição DA, Ferrúa CP, Singh A, Demarco FF. Is there a relationship between obesity and tooth loss and edentulism? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2016; 17:587-98. [PMID: 27125768 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted a systematic review to assess the bi-directional association between tooth loss/edentulism and obesity. Electronic searches were performed in four different databases. Observational studies that tested associations between tooth loss/edentulism and obesity as either exposures or outcomes were included. Additionally, meta-analyses, funnel plots and sensitivity analyses were conducted to synthesize the evidence. A total of 549 articles were identified in the electronic database search. Out of which, 16 studies were included within the meta-analyses: 75% considered tooth loss/edentulism as exposure and obesity as outcome, whereas 25% alternatively considered obesity as exposure and tooth loss/edentulism as outcome. Pooled estimates showed that obese individuals had 1.49 (95%CI 1.20-1.86) and 1.25 (95%CI 1.10-1.42) times higher odds of having any tooth loss and edentulism, respectively. Alternatively, when tooth loss or edentulism were considered as exposures, individuals with any tooth loss had 1.41 (95%CI 1.11-1.79) times higher odds for obesity, while edentates had even higher odds (OR 1.60; 95%CI 1.29-2.00). The results indicate a bi-directional association between tooth loss and obesity. Considering that all selected studies were of cross-sectional study design limiting inferences on temporality, longitudinal prospective studies are required to test the causal relationship between tooth loss/edentulism and obesity or vice a versa. © 2016 World Obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F R M Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - D A Conceição
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - C P Ferrúa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A Singh
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - F F Demarco
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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9
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Ikeda N. Secondary Data Analysis of National Surveys in Japan Toward Improving Population Health. J Epidemiol 2016; 26:106-14. [PMID: 26902170 PMCID: PMC4773486 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary data analysis of national health surveys of the general population is a standard methodology for health metrics and evaluation; it is used to monitor trends in population health over time and benchmark the performance of health systems. In Japan, the government has established electronic databases of individual records from national surveys of the population’s health. However, the number of publications based on these datasets is small considering the scale and coverage of the surveys. There appear to be two major obstacles to the secondary use of Japanese national health survey data: strict data access control under the Statistics Act and an inadequate interdisciplinary research environment for resolving methodological difficulties encountered when dealing with secondary data. The usefulness of secondary analysis of survey data is evident with examples from the author’s previous studies based on vital records and the National Health and Nutrition Surveys, which showed that (i) tobacco smoking and high blood pressure are the major risk factors for adult mortality from non-communicable diseases in Japan; (ii) the decrease in mean blood pressure in Japan from the late 1980s to the early 2000s was partly attributable to the increased use of antihypertensive medication and reduced dietary salt intake; and (iii) progress in treatment coverage and control of high blood pressure is slower in Japan than in the United States and Britain. National health surveys in Japan are an invaluable asset, and findings from secondary analyses of these surveys would provide important suggestions for improving health in people around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- Center for International Collaboration and Partnership, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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10
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Silveira MF, Freire RS, Nepomuceno MO, Martins AMEDBL, Marcopito LF. [Tooth decay and associated factors among adolescents in the north of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil: a hierarchical analysis]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 20:3351-64. [PMID: 26602713 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320152011.12262014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional population-based study (n = 763) conducted in the north of the State of Minas Gerais, which aimed to investigate the prevalence of tooth decay among adolescents and to identify the potential determinants of same. Probability sampling by conglomerates in multiple stages was used. Trained and calibrated professionals performed the data collection by means of intraoral examination and interviews in the previously selected households. In the analysis of the determinant factor for the presence of tooth decay, hierarchical binary logistic regression models were used. The prevalence of tooth decay, decayed, missing and filled teeth were 71.3%, 36.5%, 55.6% and 16%, respectively. The following averages were observed: DMFT (3.4 teeth), number of decayed (0.8 teeth), restored (2.4 teeth) and missing (0.2 teeth). The incidence of tooth decay was higher among adolescents who stated they were black/indigenous/brown (OR = 1.76), lived in crowded households (OR = 2.4), did not regularly visit or had never been to a dentist (OR = 1.9), used public or philanthropic services (OR = 1,8), had smoking habits (OR = 4.1), consumed alcohol (OR = 1.8), perceived their oral health negatively (OR = 5.9 and OR = 1.9) and had toothac in the last six months (OR = 2.0).
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11
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Similä T, Virtanen JI. Association between smoking intensity and duration and tooth loss among Finnish middle-aged adults: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Project. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1141. [PMID: 26576994 PMCID: PMC4650303 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is a risk factor for oral diseases and tooth loss. Our aim was to analyze the association between smoking intensity and duration and tooth loss among middle-aged Finnish adults who have enjoyed access to subsidized dental care since childhood. Methods This study was based on the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) Project, a representative sample of Finnish 46-year-olds. Altogether 1946 46-year-olds participated in a survey and comprehensive clinical oral examinations. We measured smoking exposure in pack-years (intensity) and years of smoking (duration) combined with recent smoking status (current, former, occasional or never). We used negative binomial regression models to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted relative risks (RR) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for tooth loss as an outcome. Gender, education, tooth brushing frequency, dental plaque, diabetes and alcohol use served as explanatory variables for the adjusted models. Results Smoking intensity associated with tooth loss in an exposure-dependent manner: those with a high number of pack-years had a significantly greater probability of tooth loss than never smokers: 11–20 pack-years (RR = 1.55, 95 % CI = 1.15–2.08) and 21 or more pack-years (RR = 1.78, 95 % CI = 1.36–2.33). Smoking duration also associated with tooth loss: those who had smoked for several years had a significantly higher probability of tooth loss than never smokers: 21–30 years of smoking (RR = 1.66, 95 % CI = 1.29–2.12) and 31 or more years of smoking (RR = 1.72, 95 % CI = 1.20–2.45). Conclusions We found a clear intensity- and duration-dependent relation between smoking and tooth loss among adults with access to subsidized dental care and in good oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Similä
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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12
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Ribeiro LSFE, Dos Santos JN, Ramalho LMP, Chaves S, Figueiredo AL, Cury PR. Risk indicators for tooth loss in Kiriri Adult Indians: a cross-sectional study. Int Dent J 2015; 65:316-21. [PMID: 26481295 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the risk indicators of tooth loss in adult Kiriri Indians from Brazil. METHODS A representative sample of 225 Indians (≥ 19 years of age) was assessed. Interviews using a structured written questionnaire were performed to collect data on demographics and socio-economic status, and health-related data. Probing depth, the distance between the cement-enamel junction and the free gingival margin, and decayed, missing or filled teeth were evaluated. Bivariate and logistic models were used to assess associations between tooth loss and age, sex, income, education, diabetic status, smoking habits, dental caries, severe periodontitis, plaque index and previous dental visit. RESULTS Eighty per cent of subjects had lost one tooth or more, and 20% had lost eight teeth or more. Mean (± standard deviation) tooth loss was 5.09 (± 5.83) teeth. After adjustment for covariates, loss of one tooth or more was associated with older age [≥ 35 years; odds ratio (OR) = 4.06, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.38-11.94, P = 0.01], severe periodontitis (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 0.99-11.24, P = 0.05), higher dental caries (OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.35-7.78, P = 0.01) and previous dental visit (OR = 23.32, 95% CI: 5.75-94.63, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Tooth loss is highly prevalent in Kiriri Indians. Older age, severe periodontitis, higher caries index and previous dental visit were associated with tooth loss. Prevention and treatment programmes, targeting high-risk groups, are required to promote the oral health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S F E Ribeiro
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jean N Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciana M P Ramalho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Sonia Chaves
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Andreia Leal Figueiredo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ramos Cury
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Movahhed T, Ajami B, Dorri M, Biouki N, Ghasemi H, Shakeri MT, Dehghani M. Social Determinants of Tooth Loss among a Group of Iranian Female Heads of Household. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015; 9:126-30. [PMID: 26236441 PMCID: PMC4517306 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2015.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Tooth loss may lead to mastication disability, which in turn has important impact on individual’s quality of life. Social and psychological factors have been shown to be associated with tooth loss. This study aimed to investigate the social determinants and prevalence of tooth loss, and presence of functional dentition among female heads of household under support of Welfare Organization in Mashhad, Iran. Materials and methods. In current study 556 participants aged 16-76 years were recruited. Sociodemographic characteristics (age, level of education, family size, and monthly income) were collected using interviewer-led questionnaire. Data about number of teeth and functional dentition were obtained by oral examination. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, T-test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results. Four percent of participants were edentulous. Tooth loss was significantly associated with level of education, age and family size (P < 0.001). There was no significant association between level of income and tooth loss (P = 0.88). Only 37.5% of dentate subjects had functional dentition (anterior and premolar teeth). Women older than 40 years were 0.63 times less likely to have functional dentition than those younger than 40 years. Females with at least a high-school diploma were six times more likely to have functional dentition than their illiterate counterparts. Conclusion. Social determinants of functional dentition should be taken into account when planning oral health promoting programs for female heads of household. For reducing oral health inequalities access to dental services should be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Movahhed
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjatalmolook Ajami
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Dorri
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Biouki
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghasemi
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Shakeri
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboobe Dehghani
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Nociti FH, Casati MZ, Duarte PM. Current perspective of the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 67:187-210. [PMID: 25494601 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This literature review provides an overview of the current scenario regarding the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis; clinical, microbiological and immunological data from studies from our and other groups are presented. In general, preclinical and clinical data are unanimous in demonstrating that smokers present increased susceptibility, greater severity and faster progression of periodontal disease compared with nonsmokers. The evidence further demonstrates that smokers lose more teeth and have a less favorable response to therapy than do nonsmokers. Although it is well established that smoking significantly impacts on the onset, progression and outcome of periodontal disease, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. More importantly, some of the reported deleterious effects of smoking on periodontal tissues have been reported to be reversible upon participation in smoking-cessation programs. Therefore, clinicians should strongly advise smokers to enroll in cessation strategies, even temporarily, in order to improve the overall outcome.
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Asgari F, Majidi A, Koohpayehzadeh J, Etemad K, Rafei A. Oral hygiene status in a general population of Iran, 2011: a key lifestyle marker in relation to common risk factors of non-communicable diseases. Int J Health Policy Manag 2015; 4:343-52. [PMID: 26029893 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate Oral Hygiene (OH) status in the Iranian population in 2011, and to determine the influence of socio-economic characteristics on OH, and its interrelation with common risk factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). METHODS Data including a total of 12,105 individuals aged 6-70 years were obtained from the sixth round of the surveys of NCDs risk factors in Iran. OH was recorded through a structured questionnaire measuring daily frequencies of tooth brushing and dental flossing. Descriptive analyses were performed on demographic characteristics in the complex sample survey setting. We also employed weighted binary logistic regression to compute Odds Ratio (OR) as a measure of association between the response and explanatory factors. Furthermore, to construct an asset index, we utilized Principal Component Analysis (PCA). RESULTS The percentage with minimum recommended daily OH practices was 3.7% among men and 7.7% among women (OR= 2.3; P<0.001). Urban citizens were more likely to have their teeth cleaned compared to rural people (OR= 2.8; P<0.001). For both genders, a relatively better condition was observed in the 25-34 age group (male: 5.6%; female: 10.3%). In addition, OH status improved significantly by increase in both level of education (P<0.001) and economic status (P<0.001). There were also apparent associations between self-care practices and specific behavioral risk factors, though the correlation with dietary habits and tobacco use could be largely explained by socio-economic factors. CONCLUSION OH situation in Iran calls for urgent need to assign proper interventions and strategies toward raising public awareness and reducing disparities in access to health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgari
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deputy for Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Majidi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Koohpayehzadeh
- Department of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rafei
- National Program for Disease Registries and Health Outcomes, Deputy for Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang C, Shen T, Yang Y, Chotivichien S, Wang L. Prevalence and predictors for periodontitis among adults in China, 2010. Glob Health Action 2014; 7:24503. [PMID: 25008055 PMCID: PMC4090366 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.24503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the interrelationship between poor oral health and chronic diseases is well established, few related studies are available in China. In this study, the prevalence of severe periodontitis and its association with chronic diseases among adults in China have been explored. Design During China's 2010 Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance (CCDRFS) survey among adults aged 18 and older, 3 out of 162 surveillance points and the entire sample from each point (600×3=1,800 subjects) were selected as pilot study sites in which oral examination was performed. Basic demographic information, chronic diseases status, and results of oral examination were collected from 2010 CCDRFS data. A standard oral examination was conducted by trained staff. Periodontitis was defined as moderate (4–5 mm pockets) or severe (≥6 mm pockets). Chronic disease status was determined by using standard methods and criteria. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to identify the independent association of various factors with severe periodontitis. Results Of 1,800 subjects, 1,728 subjects (96%) provided complete information. The prevalence of severe periodontitis was 1.9% (32/1,728) (95% CI=1.2–2.5). In multivariate model, participants with diabetes were 2.4 times (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.1–5.6) more likely to have severe periodontitis. Being male was significantly associated with severe periodontitis (OR=3.5, 95% CI=1.6–7.7). Living in a rural area was related to an increased chance of having severe periodontitis (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.0– 4.9). Attainment of at least 6 years of education was inversely associated with severe periodontitis (OR=0.3, 95% CI=0.1–0.8). Conclusions According to this pilot project, prevalence of severe periodontitis was low. Control measures should be particularly emphasized for high-risk groups such as less educated people (<6 years of education), people living in rural areas, men, and diabetes patients. Population-based studies, including oral examination by trained staff, are feasible and should be done in order to understand the burden of periodontitis and to provide an effective response to this key oral health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program (CFETP), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Saipin Chotivichien
- Bureau of Nutrition, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;
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Epidemiology and risk factors of tooth loss among Iranian adults: findings from a large community-based study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:786462. [PMID: 24228259 PMCID: PMC3818816 DOI: 10.1155/2013/786462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of tooth loss and different prosthetic rehabilitations among Iranian adults, as well as the potential determinants of tooth loss. Methods. In a cross-sectional community-based study conducted among 8094 Iranian adults living in Isfahan province, a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess epidemiologic features of tooth loss. Results. Thirty-two percent of subjects had all their teeth, 58.6% had lost less than 6, and 7.2% of participants had lost more than 6 teeth. One hundred and sixty-nine individuals (2.2%) were edentulous. Among participants, 2.3% had single jaw removable partial denture, 3.6% had complete removable denture in both jaws, and 4.6% had fixed prosthesis. Others reported no prosthetic rehabilitation (89.5%). In the age subgroup analysis (≤35 and >35 years old) tooth loss was more prevalent among men than women (OR = 2.8 and 1.9, resp., P < 0.01). Also, in both age groups, current and former smokers had higher levels of tooth loss than nonsmokers (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, resp.). In addition, tooth loss was positively related to metabolic abnormality for age group >35 years (adjusted OR = 1.29, P < 0.01). Conclusions. Tooth loss is highly prevalent in Iranian adult population. Community programs promoting oral health for prevention of tooth loss should be considered taking into account its major determinants including lower educational level, male gender, smoking, and metabolic abnormality.
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Jiang Y, Okoro CA, Oh J, Fuller DL. Sociodemographic and health-related risk factors associated with tooth loss among adults in Rhode Island. Prev Chronic Dis 2013; 10:E45. [PMID: 23537519 PMCID: PMC3614421 DOI: 10.5888/pcd10.110285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral health is an integral component of overall health and well-being. Very little Rhode Island state-level information exists on the determinants of tooth loss. The objective of this study was to systematically identify sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, health conditions and disabilities, and dental insurance coverage associated with tooth loss among noninstitutionalized adults in Rhode Island. Methods We analyzed Rhode Island’s 2008 and 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data in 2011. The survey had 4 response categories for tooth loss: none, 1 to 5, 6 or more but not all, and all. We used multinomial logistic regression models to assess the relationship between 4 risk factor domains and tooth loss. Results An estimated 57.6% of Rhode Island adults had all their teeth, 28.9% had 1 to 5 missing teeth, 8.9% had 6 to 31 missing teeth, and 4.6% were edentulous. Respondents who had low income, low education, unhealthy behaviors (ie, were former or current smokers and did not engage in physical activity), chronic conditions (ie, diabetes and obesity) or disabilities, and no dental insurance coverage were more likely to have fewer teeth compared with their referent groups. However, the association of these variables with tooth loss was not uniform by age group. Conclusion Adults who report risky health behaviors or impaired health may be considered target subpopulations for prevention of tooth loss and promotion of good oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Jiang
- Center for Health Data and Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, 3 Capitol Hill, Providence, RI 02908, USA.
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Singh A, Rouxel P, Watt RG, Tsakos G. Social inequalities in clustering of oral health related behaviors in a national sample of British adults. Prev Med 2013; 57:102-6. [PMID: 23648523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1. To assess clustering of oral health related behaviors among a sample of British adults. 2. To determine the variation in clustering of oral health related behaviors by socioeconomic position. METHOD We used secondary analysis of the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009 data. Health behaviors referred to smoking, tooth brushing frequency, dental visits and sugar consumption. Clustering was assessed by pairwise correlations, counts of clustering of health compromising behaviors and comparison of observed/expected ratios. Logistic regression was used to assess variation in clustering of oral health related behaviors by socioeconomic position crudely and adjusted for age, gender and self-rated oral health. RESULTS There were weak correlations between four health behaviors. Very low prevalence of clustering was reported. Higher observed to expected ratio was observed for clustering patterns with lower prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression showed clear, strong and significant educational gradients in associations between different clustering patterns of health compromising behaviors and educational attainment. These educational gradients remained significant after adjusting for age, gender and self-reported oral health. CONCLUSION Very clear and strong educational gradients were observed throughout patterns of clustering of oral health compromising behaviors, suggesting chances of having detrimental behavioral clustering are lower in more educated groups in population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Bertoldi C, Lalla M, Pradelli JM, Cortellini P, Lucchi A, Zaffe D. Risk factors and socioeconomic condition effects on periodontal and dental health: A pilot study among adults over fifty years of age. Eur J Dent 2013; 7:336-346. [PMID: 24926214 PMCID: PMC4053623 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.115418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies on the association among systemic/general and oral cavity indices, tooth loss, periodontal conditions, and socioeconomic inequalities are to be still performed in the population of Southern Europe. This study aims to determine the extent of this relationship among Italian healthy adults 50 years of age and above. MATERIALS AND METHODS Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, cardiovascular indicators, and systemic indices were examined by contrasting the dental indices among adult people of Northern Italy. Data were processed through correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis was carried out using seemingly unrelated regressions. RESULTS A total of 118 adults 50 years of age and above, after anamnesis, underwent systemic and dental examination. Their socioeconomic status was found to be inversely associated only with smoking and dental parameters. Unexpected outcomes between lifestyle and risk factors were detected. The statistical analysis showed an uneven correlation among dental indices and between those indices and the socioeconomic status, such as, a periodontal condition, apparently free from influences, unusually became worse as the socioeconomic status enhanced. CONCLUSIONS The study outcomes indicate a relationship between tooth loss and conservative endodontic therapy, but they result in alternative choices. Nevertheless, the socioeconomic status has an inverse relationship with tooth loss and conservative endodontic therapy, but a direct relation with worsening of the periodontal condition. This pilot study highlights a need for the public health administration to adopt a socioeconomic assessment not only based on the household income, but also to accordingly improve its therapeutic course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Lalla
- Department of Economics, Division of Statistics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Zaffe
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Ando A, Ohsawa M, Yaegashi Y, Sakata K, Tanno K, Onoda T, Itai K, Tanaka F, Makita S, Omama S, Ogasawara K, Ogawa A, Ishibashi Y, Kuribayashi T, Koyama T, Okayama A. Factors related to tooth loss among community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly Japanese men. J Epidemiol 2013; 23:301-6. [PMID: 23812101 PMCID: PMC3709550 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20120180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using data from a large-scale community-based Japanese population, we attempted to identify factors associated with tooth loss in middle-aged and elderly men. Methods A total of 8352 men aged 40 to 79 years who lived in the north of the main island of Japan and underwent health checkups were enrolled between 2002 and 2005. Number of teeth was assessed by the question, “How many teeth do you have (0, 1–9, 10–19, or ≥20)?”. On the basis of the answer to this question, participants were classified into 2 groups (≤19 teeth or ≥20 teeth). Using multivariate logistic regression, factors related to having 19 or fewer teeth were estimated. Results The numbers (percentages) of participants who had 0, 1 to 9, 10 to 19, and 20 or more teeth were 1764 (21.1%), 1779 (21.3%), 1836 (22.0%), and 2973 (35.6%), respectively. Among the participants overall and those aged 65 to 79 years, having 19 or fewer teeth was significantly associated with older age, smoking status (current smoking and ex-smoking), and low education level. In addition, men with 19 or fewer teeth were more likely to have a low body mass index and low serum albumin level and less likely to be current alcohol drinkers. Among men aged 40 to 64 years, but not men aged 65 to 79 years, those with 19 or fewer teeth were more likely to have a low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and high glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Conclusions Smoking, low education level, and poor nutritional status were associated with tooth loss among middle-aged and elderly Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ando
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan.
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Ojima M, Hanioka T, Shimada K, Haresaku S, Yamamoto M, Tanaka K. The role of tobacco use on dental care and oral disease severity within community dental clinics in Japan. Tob Induc Dis 2013; 11:13. [PMID: 23799972 PMCID: PMC3701518 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-11-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine facilitators of dental smoking intervention practices in Japan, where smokeless tobacco is rarely used, we evaluated the characteristics of dental care for smokers. Methods Community dentists volunteered to record the treated disease or encounter with patients that was principally responsible for their dental care on the survey day. Patients were classified into groups receiving gingival/periodontal treatment (GPT), caries/endodontic treatment (CET), prosthetic treatment (PRT), periodical check-up/orthodontic treatment (POT), or other encounters/treatments. Potential effect of dentist clustering was adjusted by incorporating the complex survey design into the analysis. Results Data of 2835 current smokers (CS) and 6850 non-smokers (NS) from 753 clinics were analysed. Distribution of treatments significantly differed between CS and NS (P = 0.001). In ad hoc multiple comparisons for each treatment, CS were significantly higher than NS for CET (47.1% vs. 43.6%, P = 0.002), and lower for POT (1.6% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.001), whereas GPT and PRT proportions were equivalent by smoking. When stage of disease progression was compared in the GPT subpopulation, CS were more likely received treatment for advanced stage disease than NS in the age groups of 40–59 years (24.9% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.001) and more than 60 years (40.8% vs. 22.1%, P < 0.001). However, the difference was less apparent in the entire population (9.7% vs. 6.0%), and CS were not predominant among patients receiving GPT for advanced stage disease (37.6%). Conclusions The association of smoking with type of dental care of CET and GPT severity would warrant the need for dental professionals to engage their patients smoking within clinical practice. The detrimental effects of smoking in dental care for smokers, as evidenced by the distribution of treatment and encounter and stage of treated disease, may not be clearly realized by dental professionals, unless the smoking status of all patients is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Ojima
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanioka
- Section of Oral Public Health, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Kaoru Shimada
- Section of Medical Statistics, Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Satoru Haresaku
- Section of Oral Public Health, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Mito Yamamoto
- Section of Oral Public Health, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Sato F, Sawamura M, Ojima M, Tanaka K, Hanioka T, Tanaka H, Matsuo K. Smoking increases risk of tooth loss: A meta-analysis of the literature. World J Meta-Anal 2013; 1:16-26. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v1.i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To quantitatively evaluate the impact of smoking on tooth loss.
METHODS: We performed a PubMed search to identify published articles that investigated the risk of tooth loss by smoking, from which RRs and their variance with characteristics of each study were extracted. The random-effects models were used to derive a pooled effect across studies. Potential sources of heterogeneity on the characteristics of the study and their influence on the pooled effect size were investigated using meta-regression models.
RESULTS: We identified 24 studies containing a total of 95973 participants for analysis. The pooled RR of ever-smokers compared with never- smokers was 1.73 (95%CI: 1.60-1.86, P < 0.001). In meta-regression analysis, only the mean age of participants alone was identified as a statistically significant source of heterogeneity. The effect of smoking on tooth loss was stronger when the mean age of study participants was higher, indicating possible enhancement of tooth loss due to aging by smoking. RR was significantly lower in former smokers (1.49, 95%CI: 1.32-1.69, P < 0.001) than in current smokers (2.10, 95%CI: 1.87-2.35, P < 0.001), indicating the substantial benefit of smoking cessation for reducing the risk of tooth loss.
CONCLUSION: Smoking is an independent risk factor for tooth loss regardless of many other confounders. Smoking cessation may attenuate this effect.
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Mai X, Wactawski-Wende J, Hovey KM, LaMonte MJ, Chen C, Tezal M, Genco RJ. Associations between smoking and tooth loss according to the reason for tooth loss: the Buffalo OsteoPerio Study. J Am Dent Assoc 2013; 144:252-65. [PMID: 23449901 PMCID: PMC3842224 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is associated with tooth loss. However, smoking's relationship to the specific reason for tooth loss in postmenopausal women is unknown. METHODS Postmenopausal women (n = 1,106) who joined a Women's Health Initiative ancillary study (The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study) underwent oral examinations for assessment of the number of missing teeth, and they reported the reasons for tooth loss. The authors obtained information about smoking status via a self-administered questionnaire. The authors calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) by means of logistic regression to assess smoking's association with overall tooth loss, as well as with tooth loss due to periodontal disease (PD) and with tooth loss due to caries. RESULTS After adjusting for age, education, income, body mass index, history of diabetes diagnosis, calcium supplement use and dental visit frequency, the authors found that heavy smokers (≥ 26 pack-years) were significantly more likely to report having experienced tooth loss compared with never smokers (OR = 1.82; 95 percent CI, 1.10-3.00). Smoking status, packs smoked per day, years of smoking, pack-years and years since quitting smoking were significantly associated with tooth loss due to PD. For pack-years, the association for heavy smokers compared with that for never smokers was OR = 6.83 (95 percent CI, 3.40 -13.72). The study results showed no significant associations between smoking and tooth loss due to caries. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Smoking may be a major factor in tooth loss due to PD. However, smoking appears to be a less important factor in tooth loss due to caries. Further study is needed to explore the etiologies by which smoking is associated with different types of tooth loss. Dentists should counsel their patients about the impact of smoking on oral health, including the risk of experiencing tooth loss due to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Mai
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214
| | - Kathleen M. Hovey
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Michael J. LaMonte
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Chaoru Chen
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Mine Tezal
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Robert J. Genco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
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Agarwal A, Gupta R, Jain H. The effect of right or left handedness on caries experience and oral hygiene. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2012; 3:229-30. [PMID: 22865996 PMCID: PMC3410016 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.98268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Agarwal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, I.T.S. Dental College and Hospital, Knowledge Park, Greater Noida, U.P., India
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Passos CP, Santos PRB, Aguiar MC, Cangussu MCT, Toralles MBP, da Silva MCBO, Nascimento RJM, Campos MIG. Sickle cell disease does not predispose to caries or periodontal disease. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2012; 32:55-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2012.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hanioka T, Ojima M, Tanaka K, Matsuo K, Sato F, Tanaka H. Causal assessment of smoking and tooth loss: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:221. [PMID: 21477320 PMCID: PMC3087682 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth loss impairs oral function. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the causal association between smoking and tooth loss on the basis of high-quality studies. METHODS Relevant literature was searched and screened, and the methodological quality was assessed. Information on the strength of the association between smoking and tooth loss, the dose-response relationship and natural experimental data was collected and evaluated with respect to consistency and study design. RESULTS Our literature search yielded 496 citations, and 6 cross-sectional and 2 cohort high-quality studies examining 58,755 subjects in four countries. All studies reported significant associations, although the strength of the association was usually moderate. Four studies reported dose-response relationships between exposure to smoking and the risk of developing tooth loss. A decrease in the risk of tooth loss for former smokers was evident in six studies. Interpretation of evidence for each element was consistent, despite some shortcomings regarding study type and population. CONCLUSIONS Based on the consistent evidence found with the existing biological plausibility, a causal association between smoking and tooth loss is highly likely. Further studies using a cohort design and different populations are necessary to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hanioka
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Jung SH, Tsakos G, Sheiham A, Ryu JI, Watt RG. Socio-economic status and oral health-related behaviours in Korean adolescents. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:1780-8. [PMID: 20359807 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The principle objective of this study was to assess the association between socio-economic status (SES) and oral health-related behaviours in Korean adolescents aged 13-18, using the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). The secondary objective was to assess the influences of other factors (pocket money, school type, family structure and psychological factors) on this association. Cross-sectional data were from the national 2007 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Oral health-related behaviours included health-enhancing behaviours (frequency of toothbrushing and dental visits) and health-compromising behaviours (smoking and frequency of intake of soft drinks and confections). Logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. To assess the influence of other factors, additional models adjusting for sex, school grade and each of the other factors were compared to the initial model, which adjusted for sex and school grade only. We found that family affluence had a linear association with health-enhancing behaviours and a roughly U-shaped association with health-compromising behaviours. After adjusting for a number of variables, the linear association with health-enhancing behaviours persisted. The U-shaped association with health-compromising behaviours remained but was partly attenuated and flattened. In addition, we found a marked influence of school type and family structure and pocket money on the association between FAS and oral health-compromising behaviours. The findings indicate that the health-enhancing behaviours of adolescents were strongly associated with family affluence, but the health-compromising behaviours were more strongly linked to factors other than family affluence. However, it is difficult to determine which factors contribute most in relation to family affluence because of other confounding factors, such as the education system, peer group, youth culture, part-time work and advertising. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess factors that interact with family SES to better understand the association between the SES and the oral health-compromising behaviours of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hwan Jung
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung Daehangno, Gangneung-si, Republic of Korea.
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The role of health-related behaviors in the socioeconomic disparities in oral health. Soc Sci Med 2009; 68:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tomar SL. Smoking increases the incidence of tooth loss and smoking cessation reduces it. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2008; 8:105-7. [PMID: 18492590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Tomar
- Department of Community Dentistry & Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610-3628, USA.
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