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Santos Barrera M, Ribas-Perez D, Caleza Jimenez C, Cortes Lillo O, Mendoza-Mendoza A. Oral Habits in Childhood and Occlusal Pathologies: A Cohort Study. Clin Pract 2024; 14:718-728. [PMID: 38804389 PMCID: PMC11130930 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the relationship between the different habits that occur in childhood and the different malocclusions in the three planes of space. MATERIAL AND METHODS A clinical examination of 106 children between 5 and 12 years of age was carried out and a survey validated by professors of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Seville was made for the parents in order to identify the habits and relate them to the possible malocclusions detected in the child's mouth. RESULTS 72.64% of the sample presented a malocclusion in at least one of the three planes of space, with a similar distribution. When correlating the variables, statistically significant relationships were observed in the vertical plane with atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and lip sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and in the horizontal plane with oral breathing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3), atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3) and digital sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3). CONCLUSIONS It has been observed that the prevalence and prolongation of habits in childhood is increasing, so it is essential to detect pernicious habits at an early age to prevent the establishment of malocclusions and to favour the correct craniofacial growth of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Ribas-Perez
- Department of Stomatology, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
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Au Yeung KSR, Shan Z, Sum FHKMH, Wong KWF, Lee HMG, Yang Y. Association between occlusal features and masticatory function in Hong Kong preschool children: a survey with one-year longitudinal follow-up. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:187. [PMID: 38317203 PMCID: PMC10845510 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastication is important for breaking down food, aiding swallowing and nutrients absorption, and is therefore fundamental to a child's development. Studies have shown poor masticatory function to be associated with younger age and presence of caries. However, studies of the association between masticatory function and malocclusion yielded contradictory results. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the association between three-dimensional occlusal features with masticatory function, among preschool children in Hong Kong. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires on masticatory function in three domains, namely general chewing difficulty, requiring help when eating different food types and increased preference for soft food were completed by parents. Information on non-nutritive sucking habits and basic demographics were also collected in the questionnaire. Clinical examinations were conducted to record three-dimensional occlusal features and presence of caries. Baseline investigations and one-year follow-ups were undertaken for 1,566 and 996 preschool children. Association of poor masticatory function with occlusal features, sucking habits and caries was investigated using chi-squared tests. Binomial logistic regressions were then carried out incorporating any significant factors identified. Longitudinal analysis of the one-year follow-up data was carried out to investigate whether improved occlusal features, sucking habits and caries resulted in better masticatory function. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, the first domain of general chewing difficulty was associated with caries and thumb/digit sucking. The second domain of requiring help when eating different food types was associated with the male sex, younger age, caries and pacifier use. The last domain of increased preference for soft foods was associated with caries and thumb/digit sucking. Occlusal features, including abnormal overjet and unilateral permanent molars not in contact, were significantly associated with poor masticatory function in the bivariate analyses, but were not significant in the logistic regressions. In the longitudinal analysis, general chewing difficulty was found to improve in those of older age and those with resolved anterior crossbite. Less help was required to eat meat in those with fewer caries. Similarly, less help was required to eat food containing bones in those with reduced pacifier use. Preferences for eating soft foods was reduced in those who developed a normal overjet. CONCLUSIONS The study identified significant relationships between masticatory difficulties and factors associated with age, gender, active caries, and non-nutritive oral habits such as thumb/digit sucking and pacifier use. Younger children and males required more assistance with certain food types. Active caries and thumb/digit sucking habits contributed to general masticatory difficulties and preference for soft foods. The one-year follow-up indicated that improvement in masticatory function varies across age cohorts and were associated with improved occlusal features, such as resolution of anterior crossbite and normalized overjet, reduced pacifier use, and a decrease in the number of decayed teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Sang Rita Au Yeung
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyi Shan
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Ka Wai Frank Wong
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Man Gillian Lee
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Galán-González AF, Domínguez-Reyes A, Marín-Castro IM, Muñoz-Muñoz L, Cabrera-Domínguez ME. Analysis of the Influence of Breastfeeding and Bottle-Feeding upon the Origin of Posterior Crossbites. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:182. [PMID: 38397294 PMCID: PMC10887506 DOI: 10.3390/children11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
(1) Introduction. An analysis was made of posterior crossbites in deciduous dentition and their relation to the type of feeding received by the child, with the objective of determining the influence of the way in which the child is fed in the early stages of life on the development of posterior crossbites. (2) Material and methods. A total of 1401 preschool children between 3 and 6 years of age from Seville (Spain) were included in the study. An intraoral exploration was carried out to assess the presence of crossbites (uni- or bilateral, and functional or not). The study was completed with a parent or legal guardian questionnaire exploring the type of feeding received by the child in the first stages of life, as well as the presence of bad oral habits and their duration. (3) Results. A total of 276 children (19.7%) presented posterior crossbite in occlusion. Uponn centering the midlines, 197 were maintained, indicating that 79 were due to premature contacts (functional crossbites). There were no significant differences in crossbites among the children who had received breastfeeding, though bottle-feeding was seen to favor crossbite. (4) Conclusions. No statistically significant relationship was found between posterior crossbites and breastfeeding, though an association between posterior crossbites and bottle-feeding was observed, with the number of crossbites increasing with the duration of bottle-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Domínguez-Reyes
- Department of Stomatology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (A.F.G.-G.); (I.M.M.-C.); (L.M.-M.); (M.E.C.-D.)
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Galán-González AF, Domínguez-Reyes A, Cabrera-Domínguez ME. Influence of bad oral habits upon the development of posterior crossbite in a preschool population. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:923. [PMID: 38007421 PMCID: PMC10676611 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study is made of posterior crossbite in deciduous dentition and its possible association to extrinsic factors (bad oral habits). METHODS A total of 1168 Spanish children between 3 and 6 years of age were included in the study. Exploration of the oral cavity was performed to assess the presence of crossbite (uni- or bilateral and/or functional), and a questionnaire was administered to the parents or caregivers to determine the presence of bad oral habits and their duration. RESULTS In occlusion, 19.7% of the cases (n = 230) presented uni- or bilateral posterior crossbite. On adopting centric relation confronting the midlines, crossbite persisted in 165 children, indicating that 65 cases were due to premature contacts (functional crossbite). The identified favoring factors were pacifier use, thumb sucking, oral breathing and tongue thrusting or immature swallowing. DISCUSSION Most studies in the literature report a relationship between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. The proportion of posterior crossbites identified in our study (16.6%) is consistent with the data published by authors such as Kobayashi, Limeira or Paolantonio, among others, but differs from the results of Zhifei Zhou, Peres or Germa. In coincidence with most studies, we recorded a statistically significant association between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. CONCLUSIONS Bad oral habits favor the appearance of posterior crossbite, and the duration of the habit, its intensity (in the case of thumb sucking) and type (in the case of pacifier use) act as influencing factors. Functional study characterized the types of posterior crossbites and identified those attributable to premature contacts. This aspect has not been addressed by previous studies, and we consider the findings to be very interesting for analyzing and identifying the features of true crossbites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Galán-González
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, C/ Avicena s/n, Sevilla, 41009, Spain
| | - Antonia Domínguez-Reyes
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, C/ Avicena s/n, Sevilla, 41009, Spain.
| | - M Eugenia Cabrera-Domínguez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, C/ Avicena s/n, Sevilla, 41009, Spain
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Papadopoulou P, Boka V, Arapostathis K. Integration of Breastfeeding Consultation and Practices in the Scope of Pediatric Dentistry: Collaboration with Lactation Specialists. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:306-310. [PMID: 38268628 PMCID: PMC10804299 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, breastfeeding has been largely promoted due to health benefits for the children and the mothers and social, economic, and environmental advantages. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends breastfeeding for at least 2 years and to be continued for as long as this is desired by the mother-child dyad.Despite its advantages, including protection against caries in the 1st year of life, prevention of malocclusions, and development of more normal breathing patterns, there is a great controversy in the literature regarding breastfeeding involvement in elevated risk for early childhood caries (ECC).Breastfeeding and oral health are strongly related. Breastfeeding can influence oral health and development, but oral findings, such as tethered tissues and natal/neonatal teeth, may negatively affect lactation. Conclusion A healthy collaboration between the oral health care provider and the lactation specialist is important in order to identify those oral findings and prevent breastfeeding implications, but also in order to facilitate uneventful breastfeeding by emphasizing oral health care prevention strategies. Clinical significance Information on the advantages of certain lactation aspects and the potential risks for ECC is important for the pediatric dentist to be able to form an individualized treatment/prevention plan that will benefit and promote the oral and general health of young patients. How to cite this article Papadopoulou P, Boka V, Arapostathis K. Integration of Breastfeeding Consultation and Practices in the Scope of Pediatric Dentistry: Collaboration with Lactation Specialists. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S306-S310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Papadopoulou
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Boka
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arapostathis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
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Otsugu M, Sasaki Y, Mikasa Y, Kadono M, Sasaki H, Kato T, Nakano K. Incompetent lip seal and nail biting as risk factors for malocclusion in Japanese preschool children aged 3-6 years. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:532. [PMID: 37884943 PMCID: PMC10601139 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malocclusion is a multifactorial condition associated with genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of occlusal traits, oral habits, and nose and throat conditions by age and to assess the association between malocclusion and its environmental factors in Japanese preschool children. METHODS A total of 503 Japanese children (258 boys and 245 girls aged 3-6 years) were recruited. Occlusal traits were assessed visually to record sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion, and space discrepancies. Lip seal was recorded by an examiner, and oral habits (finger sucking, lip sucking or lip biting, nail biting, chin resting on a hand) and nose and throat conditions (tendency for nasal obstruction, allergic rhinitis, palatine tonsil hypertrophy) were assessed by a questionnaire completed by the parents. The prevalence of each item was calculated, and binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors related to malocclusion. RESULTS 62.0% of preschool children in the present study exhibited malocclusion, and 27.8% exhibited incompetent lip seal. Nail biting was the most frequent oral habit with a prevalence of 18.9%. Nasal obstruction was recorded in 30.4% of children. The results of binary logistic regression showed that incompetent lip seal was significantly related to malocclusion, and that nail biting was significantly negatively related. CONCLUSIONS Incompetent lip seal is significantly associated with malocclusion, but nail biting may not necessarily be a deleterious habit for the occlusion in Japanese preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Otsugu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Yumi Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Yusuke Mikasa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Maika Kadono
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka Japan
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Alessandri-Bonetti A, Guglielmi F, Mollo A, Sangalli L, Gallenzi P. Prevalence of Malocclusions in Down Syndrome Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1657. [PMID: 37763776 PMCID: PMC10538151 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A higher prevalence of dental malocclusion has been suggested among individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) compared to controls, although no studies to date have investigated such a difference according to age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental malocclusion and other orthodontic measures between DS and non-syndromic (non-DS) individuals across three age groups of children, adolescents, and adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 147 patients. Of those, 72 were diagnosed with DS and were divided into N = 15 children (<10 years), N = 23 adolescents (10-18 years) and N = 34 adults (>18 years). The remaining 75 patients were sex- and age-matched controls. The two groups were compared according to age group in terms of the prevalence of dental malocclusion, measures of sagittal, vertical, and transverse discrepancy, facial profile, and probable sleep bruxism with chi-square tests for proportion. Results: The DS patients consistently exhibited a higher prevalence of Class 3 malocclusion, concave profile and anterior crossbite compared to the non-DS patients, regardless of age group. The non-DS adolescents presented with a significantly higher prevalence of convex profile than the DS adolescents. The adolescent and adult DS patients most commonly presented with a maxillary transverse discrepancy and posterior crossbite compared to the non-DS controls. The DS adults had a higher prevalence of probable sleep bruxism. Conclusions: Patients with DS showed a higher prevalence of Class 3 malocclusion, concave profile and anterior crossbite compared to non-DS controls, regardless of age group. Other orthodontic measures showed a fluctuation according to the age group considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alessandri-Bonetti
- Institute of Dental Clinic, A. Gemelli University Policlinic IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.A.-B.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Federica Guglielmi
- Institute of Dental Clinic, A. Gemelli University Policlinic IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.A.-B.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Antongiulia Mollo
- Institute of Dental Clinic, A. Gemelli University Policlinic IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.A.-B.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Linda Sangalli
- College of Dental Medicine—Illinois, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Patrizia Gallenzi
- Institute of Dental Clinic, A. Gemelli University Policlinic IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.A.-B.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (P.G.)
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An Anthropological Investigation of the Sociocultural and Economic Forces Shaping Dental Crowding Prevalence. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 147:105614. [PMID: 36706662 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to explore country of origin and social race category differences in dental crowding prevalence through an anthropological approach. DESIGN Data were collected from individuals within five countries (Australia, China, Japan, South Africa, United States; n = 1008) and seven social race groups in two countries (American Black, American White, Latinx, and Indigenous in the United States, South African Black, South African White, and South African Coloured; n = 654). Statistical significance between groups was assessed with a Kruskal-Wallis test, while a Dunn's post-hoc test identified which groups significantly differed. RESULTS Results indicate South Africa is characterized by the lowest frequencies of dental crowding, with Coloured South Africans yielding the highest and Black South Africans displaying the lowest frequencies. Individuals in the United States exhibited relatively high levels of minor dental crowding. American Blacks had lower crowding levels, while the Indigenous group had high levels of severe crowding. Individuals within China and Japan exhibited higher relative prevalence of severe crowding. CONCLUSIONS Overall, significant differences exist in dental crowding prevalence across countries and social race categories using an anthropological grading system to assess crowding. These differences are likely impacted by sociocultural (aesthetic preferences) and economic (access to dental care) factors.
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Makhlynets N, Ozhogan Z, Pantus A, Pyuryk M, Fedorov S. INFLUENCE OF BAD HABITS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACQUIRED DEFORMATIONS IN THE MAXILLOFACIAL AREA. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1650-1658. [PMID: 37622510 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202307120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: Identifying the relationship between the presence of oral habit and acquired maxillomandibular anomalies, influence of oral habits on the skeleton and muscular system formation in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: We conducted clinical, radiological methods of examination of 60 patients aged 9-12 with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies, 15 persons aged 9-12 years without maxillomandibular anomalies and acquired deformities (norm group) and 15 persons aged 9-12 years with hereditary syndromes, which are combined with bone deformities in the maxillofacial area (comparison group). RESULTS Results: Clinical examination showed that oral habits were manifested in 98.3% of patients. The results of clinical and radiological examination, analysis of cephalometric parameters and data on the thickness of the masticatory muscles on symmetrical areas of the face confirm the relationship between chronic oral habits and formation of acquired maxillomandibular anomalies; confirm the presence of acquired rather than congenital deformity of the facial skeleton, which is associated with changes in the thickness of the masticatory muscles on the part of the deformation та compensatory muscle hypertrophy on the opposite side. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The oral habit should be considered as one of the triggers in the development of acquired deformities of the maxillofacial area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zinovii Ozhogan
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | - Andrii Pantus
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | - Markiyan Pyuryk
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | - Serhiy Fedorov
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
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Granja GL, Bernardino VMM, Lima LCMD, Araújo LJSD, Arruda MJALLA, Ferreira FM, Paiva SM, Granville-Garcia AF. Orofacial dysfunction, nonnutritive sucking habits, and dental caries influence malocclusion in children aged 8-10 years. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:502-509. [PMID: 35791996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malocclusion is one of the most prevalent oral health problems and can affect self-esteem, social relations, and oral health-related quality of life. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between malocclusion and orofacial dysfunction, nonnutritive sucking habits, cavitated carious lesions, and anxiety in Brazilian children. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 739 children aged 8-10 years. Parents or guardians provided sociodemographic data and information on the nonnutritive sucking habits of the children. The children answered the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Four trained examiners examined the children for the diagnosis of malocclusion (dental aesthetic index), dental caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System), and orofacial dysfunction (Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening). The control variables were selected using a directed acyclic graph. Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by unadjusted and adjusted robust logistic regression analysis (P <0.05). RESULTS The following variables remained associated with the occurrence of malocclusion in the final model: nonnutritive sucking habits (odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-4.08), orofacial dysfunction (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.13-2.17), and cavitated carious lesion (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.03-1.89). CONCLUSIONS Nonnutritive sucking habits, orofacial dysfunction, and cavitated carious lesions were associated with the presence of malocclusion in children aged 8-10 years.
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Rodríguez-Olivos LHG, Chacón-Uscamaita PR, Quinto-Argote AG, Pumahualcca G, Pérez-Vargas LF. Deleterious oral habits related to vertical, transverse and sagittal dental malocclusion in pediatric patients. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:88. [PMID: 35321719 PMCID: PMC8944101 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malocclusion is highly reported among mixed dentition cases. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship of dental malocclusions in the vertical, transverse, sagittal planes with deleterious habits in pediatric patients. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 155 children aged 6-12 years attended at the clinic of the School of Dentistry of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in 2017. RESULTS Among 155 evaluated patients, 45.3% had vertical malocclusion, 52.0% had sagittal malocclusion and 13.6% had transverse malocclusion. The most frequent type of malocclusion in the vertical plane was anterior deep bite (22.2%), in the transverse plane, the edge-to-edge bite (7.1%) and the anterior crossbite (6.5%) were less frequent. Finally, in the sagittal plane, Class II Div 1 (20%) and Class III (20.7%) were the most frequent. Among the most common deleterious habits, anteroposition (58.7%) and mixed breathing (51.0%) were observed in contrast to the habit of retroposition, lip sucking and mouth breathing, which were the least frequent. Considering age and sex, children who have an atypical swallowing habit are more likely to have malocclusion in all three planes of space. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that there is an association between the deleterious habits with the different types of malocclusions in the different planes of the space, being the atypical swallowing a habit that should be early diagnosed and treated interdisciplinary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Roxana Chacón-Uscamaita
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Graciela Pumahualcca
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Sasaki Y, Otsugu M, Sasaki H, Fujikawa N, Okawa R, Kato T, Nakano K. Relationship between Dental Occlusion and Maximum Tongue Pressure in Preschool Children Aged 4-6 Years. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:141. [PMID: 35204862 PMCID: PMC8870039 DOI: 10.3390/children9020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tongue function is regarded as a primary factor in the etiology of malocclusion, but details of the relationship remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate maximum tongue pressure, in preschool children to examine its relationship with dental occlusion. A total of 477 healthy children (248 boys, 229 girls, aged 4-6 years) were recruited. Dental occlusion was assessed visually to record sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion, and space discrepancies. Maximum tongue pressure was measured using a balloon-based tongue pressure measurement device. Additionally, 72 children (37 boys, 35 girls, aged 4-5 years) were recruited for a 1-year follow-up study. Approximately half of the children (53.5%) showed some type of malocclusion in the present study. Maximum tongue pressure was highest in the 6-year-old children. The results of a two-way ANCOVA show that the effect of age was significant (p < 0.001); however, the effects of sex and dental occlusion, or the interactions among these variables, did not reach significance. Additionally, maximum tongue pressure increased significantly in the 1-year follow-up study (p < 0.001), especially in the normal occlusion group. Maximum tongue pressure increases markedly with growth in the preschool years and can be associated with some types of malocclusion in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (H.S.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
| | - Masatoshi Otsugu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (H.S.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
| | - Hidekazu Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (H.S.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
- Hanahaku Sasaki Dental Clinic, Osaka 538-0052, Japan;
| | - Naho Fujikawa
- Hanahaku Sasaki Dental Clinic, Osaka 538-0052, Japan;
| | - Rena Okawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (H.S.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (H.S.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
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Almahrul A, Alsulaimani L, Alghamdi F. The Impact of Breastfeeding and Non-Nutritive Sucking Behaviors on Skeletal and Dental Malocclusions of Pediatric Patients: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Cureus 2021; 13:e19160. [PMID: 34873503 PMCID: PMC8631489 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that breastfeeding can help resolve skeletal and dental malocclusions. But there is no clear evidence that breastfeeding duration affects skeletal or dental malocclusions in pediatric patients. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review was to review all the available updated articles on the impact of breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking behaviors in deciduous and mixed teeth on different forms of malocclusions. The following electronic databases were used PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to obtain relevant data that met the eligibility criteria. The studies in this narrative review were covered the last 10 years. Primary research identified 368 papers. In addition, three articles were selected from the gray literature for consideration. On the basis of duplication, title, abstract, methodology and/or irrelevant information, 177 articles were removed. This narrative review was focused on seventeen articles that met the eligibility criteria. When it comes to deciduous and mixed teeth, breastfeeding appears to decrease the occurrence of skeletal class II, posterior crossbite, and malocclusion. There appears to be a favorable correlation between prolong duration of breastfeeding and risk reduction. To avoid bias in the results, more longitudinal study is warranted, with data collected prospectively on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking behaviors, using specific survey questions, and subsequent clinical investigation of the occlusal status at the deciduous, mixed, and permanent teeth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Almahrul
- Advanced General Dentistry, The University Dental Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Lujain Alsulaimani
- General Dentistry, Dental College, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Faisal Alghamdi
- Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Hong H, Zeng Y, Chen X, Peng C, Deng J, Zhang X, Deng L, Xie Y, Wu L. Electromyographic features and efficacy of orofacial myofunctional treatment for skeletal anterior open bite in adolescents: an exploratory study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:242. [PMID: 33962610 PMCID: PMC8103572 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the multifactorial aetiology and unpredictable long-term stability, skeletal anterior open bite (SAOB) is one of the most intractable conditions for orthodontists. The abnormal orofacial myofunctional status (OMS) may be a major risk factor contributing to the development and relapse of SAOB. This study is aimed at evaluating the OMS and the efficacy of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) alone for SAOB subjects. METHODS Eighteen adolescents with SAOB (4 males, 14 females; age: 12-18 years) and eighteen adolescents with normal occlusion (2 males, 16 females; age: 12-18 years) were selected. The electromyographic activity (EMGA) associated with mastication and closed mouth state was measured. Lateral cephalography was used to evaluate craniofacial morphology. Wilcoxon signed rank tests and t-tests were performed to evaluate myofunctional and morphological differences. Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlations between EMGA and morphological characteristics. SAOB subjects were given OMT for 3 months, and the EMGA was compared between before and after OMT. RESULTS During rest, anterior temporalis activity (TAA) and mentalis muscle activity (MEA) increased in SAOB subjects, but TAA and masseter muscle activity (MMA) decreased in the intercuspal position (ICP); and upper orbicularis activity (UOA) and MEA significantly increased during lip sealing and swallowing (P < 0.05). Morphological evaluation revealed increases in the FMA, GoGn-SN, ANS-Me, N-Me, L1-MP, U6-PP, and L6-MP and decreases in the angle of the axis of the upper and lower central incisors and OB in SAOB subjects (P < 0.05). TAA, MMA and anterior digastric activity (DAA) in the ICP were negatively correlated with vertical height and positively correlated to incisor protrusion. MEA was positively correlated with vertical height and negatively correlated with incisor protrusion; and the UOA showed a similar correlation in ICP, during sealing lip and swallowing. After SAOB subjects received OMT, MEA during rest and TAA, MMA and DAA in the ICP increased, while UOA and MEA decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SAOB subjects showed abnormal OMS features including aberrant swallowing patterns and weak masticatory muscles, which were interrelated with the craniofacial dysmorphology features including a greater anterior facial height and incisor protrusion. Furthermore, OMT contributes to OMS harmonization, indicating its therapeutic prospect in SAOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Peng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518106, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518106, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidi Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Xie
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China.
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Mota-Veloso I, Ramos-Jorge J, Freitas LRP, Ferreira FO, Ramos-Jorge ML, Paiva SM, Soares RV. The prevalence of malocclusion is higher in schoolchildren with signs of hyperactivity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:653-659. [PMID: 33658172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is a behavioral disorder characterized by a lack of focus, impulsive behavior, and or excessive activity. This research aimed to evaluate the association between signs of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and malocclusion in schoolchildren. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 633 children aged 7-12 years. The children were clinically examined for malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index. The predominant breathing pattern was also determined. Parents answered a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic characteristics and the presence of nonnutritive sucking habits. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale-IV was filled out by both parents and teachers to compare behavioral patterns. The children were submitted to a neuropsychological evaluation using the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrix Test. Data analysis involved the chi-square test and Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of malocclusion was 42% higher among children with signs of hyperactivity reported by both parents and teachers (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.81; P = 0.004). In the final Poisson regression model, the prevalence of malocclusion was lower among schoolchildren aged 11 and 12 years (PR, 0.62; 95% CI. 0.52-0.73; P <0.001) and higher among those who used a pacifier for at least 4 years (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02-1.54; P = 0.029) as well as those classified as mouth breathers (PR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09-1.51; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of malocclusion was higher among children with signs of hyperactivity independently of age, pacifier use, and mouth breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mota-Veloso
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Joana Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laíze Rosa Pires Freitas
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Villamarim Soares
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Do breastfed children have a lower chance of developing mouth breathing? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:1641-1654. [PMID: 33506425 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the association between breastfeeding and the development of mouth breathing in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven databases were searched for studies investigating the association between the type of feeding and the development of the breathing pattern in children. Descriptive analysis and meta-analysis were performed, with the calculation of the prevalence and likelihood (odds ratios (95% CI)) of mouth breathing according to the duration of breastfeeding. RESULTS The overall prevalence of mouth breathing was 44% (95% CI: 38-49) (N total = 1182). Breastfeeding was a protection factor against the development of mouth breathing (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41-0.93). The likelihood of developing mouth breathing was 41% and 34% lower among children that were breastfed for more than 12 and more than 24 months, respectively. No association was found between exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months and the occurrence of mouth breathing (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.31-1.18). CONCLUSIONS Due to the scarcity of cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria and the low certainty of the evidence, no strong evidence-based conclusion can be drawn. However, breastfeeding should be encouraged due to its possible protective effect, evidenced by the substantial reduction in the prevalence of mouth breathing pattern when performed for up to 2 years. Exclusive breastfeeding was not associated with the development of the breathing pattern. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results reveal that breastfeeding can protect children from the development of mouth breathing. Thus, healthcare providers should offer support so that mothers feel prepared and encouraged to perform breastfeeding. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registry: CRD42017062172.
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TRAEBERT E, MARCOS VF, WILLIG DQ, TRAEBERT J. Prevalence of anterior open bite and associated factors in schoolchildren in a municipality of southern Brazil. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Open bite can generate relevant psychosocial impact in the daily life of the patient, both from the aesthetic and functional point of view. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the anterior open bite in children in the first school year in a municipality in southern Brazil. Material and method A cross-sectional study was carried out with six-year-old schoolchildren in Palhoça/SC. Interviews were conducted with mothers to gather socioeconomic and non-nutritive sucking habits information. Children oral clinical examinations were carried out in schools. Multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with a robust estimator. The study involved 655 children, 50.5% being female. Result The prevalence of anterior open bite was 14.1% (95% CI 11.5; 16.7). Girls exhibited a lower prevalence [PR= 0.96 (95% CI 0.94; 0.99) p= 0.024] and those children who used a pacifier exhibited a higher prevalence of anterior open bite [PR= 1.04 (95% CI 1.01; 1.07) p= 0.003]. Conclusion The prevalence was 14.1% and that it was associated with gender and the use of pacifier, in a statistically significant and independent way.
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Oliveira ACJ, Paula TMD, Maschio DF, Jaccottet CM, Salas MMS, Lund RG. Malocclusion and Associated Factors in Early Childhood and Knowledge Level of Mothers from Childcare Groups. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abate A, Cavagnetto D, Fama A, Maspero C, Farronato G. Relationship between Breastfeeding and Malocclusion: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3688. [PMID: 33265907 PMCID: PMC7761290 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the available literature about the influence of breastfeeding in primary and mixed dentition on different types of malocclusions. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines were used to perform the present review. The following electronic databases were searched: Pubmed, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR), Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science and Ovid. RESULTS A primary research found a total of 279 articles. Two more papers were also considered from the gray literature. Two hundred sixty-three articles were excluded as they were deemed irrelevant on the basis of: duplicates, title, abstract, methods and/or irrelevant contents. Eighteen papers were selected and included in the qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS breastfeeding is a positive factor that seems to reduce the incidence of posterior crossbite, skeletal class II and distoclusion in primary and mixed dentition. A sort of positive relationship between months of breastfeeding and risk reduction seems to exist. More longitudinal research is needed to avoid bias in the results, with data collected prospectively on the months of exclusive breastfeeding, by means of specific questionnaires and successive clinical evaluation of the occlusal condition at the primary dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Abate
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (G.F.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cavagnetto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (G.F.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fama
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (G.F.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Maspero
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (G.F.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (G.F.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
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Hoyte TA, Ali A, Bearn DR. A cross-sectional survey to ascertain the prevalence of oral habits among eleven to twelve year old children in Trinidad and Tobago. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Souto-Souza D, Soares MEC, Primo-Miranda EF, Pereira LJ, Ramos-Jorge ML, Ramos-Jorge J. The influence of malocclusion, sucking habits and dental caries in the masticatory function of preschool children. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e059. [PMID: 32578802 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of malocclusion, nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits and dental caries in the masticatory function of preschool children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 384 children aged 3-5 years. A single examiner calibrated for oral clinical examinations performed all the evaluations (kappa > 0.82). Presence of malocclusion was recorded using Foster and Hamilton criteria. The number of masticatory units and of posterior teeth cavitated by dental caries was also recorded. The parents answered a questionnaire in the form of an interview, addressing questions about the child's nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits. The masticatory function was evaluated using Optocal test material, and was based on the median particle size in the masticatory performance, on the swallowing threshold, and on the number of masticatory cycles during the swallowing threshold. Data analysis involved simple and multiple linear regression analyses, and the confidence level adopted was 95%. The sample consisted of 206 children in the malocclusion group and 178 in the non-malocclusion group. In the multiple regression analysis, the masticatory performance was associated with age (p = 0.025), bottle feeding (p = 0.004), presence of malocclusion (p = 0.048) and number of cavitated posterior teeth (p = 0.030). The swallowing threshold was associated with age (p = 0.025), bottle feeding (p = 0.001) and posterior malocclusion (p = 0.017). The number of masticatory cycles during the swallowing threshold was associated with the number of cavitated posterior teeth (p = 0.001). In conclusion, posterior malocclusion, bottle feeding and dental caries may interfere in the masticatory function of preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Souto-Souza
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, School of Basic Sciences and Health, Department of Dentistry, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliza Consolação Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, School of Basic Sciences and Health, Department of Dentistry, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ednele Fabyene Primo-Miranda
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, School of Basic Sciences and Health, Department of Dentistry, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, School of Basic Sciences and Health, Department of Dentistry, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Joana Ramos-Jorge
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Traebert E, Zanini FA, Nunes RD, Traebert J. Nutritional and non-nutritional habits and occurrence of malocclusions in the mixed dentition. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190833. [PMID: 32321028 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malocclusions are changes in the development of craniofacial structures of high prevalence. Associated risk factors are diverse and nutritional and non-nutritional suction habits are the most reported. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusions in the mixed dentition and to study possible association with practices of breastfeeding and suction habits among Brazilian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study involving a sample of 664 6-year-old children and their families was carried out. Data collection was done through interviews with mothers in the homes and oral examinations of children in schools. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Poisson regression with a robust estimator. The prevalence of overjet over 4 mm was 21.1% and of posterior crossbite was 12.2%; 91.9% of the children were breastfed, 79.0% used a nursing bottle and 49.4% used a pacifier. Significant and independent associations were observed between father's unemployment, private school, interruption of breastfeeding before the fourth month and pacifier use with certain malocclusions. High rates of malocclusion were found in the studied sample. Socioeconomic conditions, breastfeeding practices and suction habits were shown to be statistically associated with their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Traebert
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca, 88132-270 Palhoça, SC, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca, 88132-270 Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| | - Francielle A Zanini
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca, 88132-270 Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dias Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca, 88132-270 Palhoça, SC, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca, 88132-270 Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Traebert
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca, 88132-270 Palhoça, SC, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida Pedra Branca, 25, Cidade Universitária Pedra Branca, 88132-270 Palhoça, SC, Brazil
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Abstract
This narrative review surveys current research demonstrating how oral dysfunction can escalate into malocclusion, acquired craniofacial disorder and contribute to generational dysfunction, disorder and disease. INTRODUCTION Baseline orthodontic consultations are generally recommended beginning age seven. However, the dysmorphic changes that result in malocclusion are often evident years earlier. Similarly, following orthodontic treatment, patients require permanent retention when the bite is not stable, and without such retention, the malocclusion can return. SETTING AND POPULATION Narrative review article including research on infants, children and adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is a brief survey of the symptomology of orofacial myofunctional disorder and outlines 10 areas of oral function that impact occlusal and facial development: breastfeeding, airway obstruction, soft tissue restriction, mouth breathing, oral resting posture, oral habits, swallowing, chewing, the impact of orofacial myofunctional disorder (OMD) over time and maternal oral dysfunction on the developing foetus. CONCLUSION Malocclusions and their acquired craniofacial dysmorphology are the result of chronic oral dysfunction and OMD. In order to achieve long-term stability of the face, it is critical to understand the underlying pathologies contributing to malocclusion, open bite and hard palate collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D'Onofrio
- Oregon Health and Sciences University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon
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Serra-Negra JM, Pereira AC, Carcavalli L, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Bendo CB. Children oral habits and their chronotype profile: is there an association? GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Exclusive breast-feeding is associated with reduced pacifier sucking in children: Breast-feeding and pacifier-sucking habit. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:940-947. [PMID: 31526484 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that when children do not achieve the emotional satiety and adequate stimulus provided by breast-feeding, they exhibit sucking behaviors. This study aimed to estimate the association from 4 through 6 months of exclusive breast-feeding (EB) postpartum and pacifier-sucking behavior at 12 months of life. METHODS A cohort study was conducted with 1,037 infants, born alive and monitored up to 12 months. At 4 and 6 months after birth, the children were classified according to the type of breast-feeding they had received: exclusive, predominant, complementary, or none. The prevalence of pacifier-sucking behavior was calculated, and the association between the 2 events was estimated. Mothers' socioeconomic-demographic characteristics, delivery features, and prenatal care, as well as the biological characteristics of the children, were determined. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS In comparison with EB infants, the RR of pacifier-sucking behavior at 12 months of life was higher in children receiving complementary breast-feeding or no breast-feeding for both 4 months (RRadjusted, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.39 to 2.02] and RRadjusted, 2.67 [95% CI, 2.24 to 3.17], respectively) and 6 months (RRadjusted, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.03 to 2.00] and RRadjusted, 3.30 [95% CI, 2.40 to 4.54], respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS EB for 6 months postpartum is associated with reduced pacifier-sucking behavior, adjusted for maternal color, number of prenatal consultations, and family income. Promotion of EB may reduce the use of pacifiers and their potential deleterious effects on oral health. Dental health care professionals should consider discussing the importance of breast-feeding with their patients with regard to the possible development of sucking habits in their children.
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Caruso S, Nota A, Darvizeh A, Severino M, Gatto R, Tecco S. Poor oral habits and malocclusions after usage of orthodontic pacifiers: an observational study on 3-5 years old children. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:294. [PMID: 31438904 PMCID: PMC6706895 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pacifier sucking habit has been associated in the literature with alterations of dental occlusion, and it could be a predisposing factor for other poor oral habits among children. Orthodontic pacifiers have been introduced in the market aiming to reduce these disadvantages caused by the conventional type of pacifiers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of poor oral habits and malocclusions, after usage of orthodontic pacifiers in children with primary dentition. Methods A sample of 198 pre-school children, aged 3–5 years, (96 males and 102 females) who had exclusively used an orthodontic pacifier were included in order to assess the level of poor oral habits and the absence/presence of dental malocclusion. Firstly, children’s parents/legal guardians were given a validated questionnaire, then the children were clinically examined at a dental clinic. Results Most of the children (79.79%) had started using the orthodontic pacifier within the first 3 months of life, and the 43.49% of them continued using it over a period of 2 years. The recorded percentage for those who had used it throughout sleep was 89.39%. Mouth breathing during the night was reported for 36.04% of the children. Tongue thrust swallow affected 16.16% of the sample. The 5.56% of the data indicated the presence of fingersucking/thumbsucking habit. The noted percentages for children with lip biting, lingual interposition between teeth at rest and those with nail biting, were 5.56, 12.63 and 15.15%, respectively. The regression revealed a significant contribution between early start of using an orthodontic pacifier with the prevalence of fingersucking/thumbsucking (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.47, p = 0.0004). This also reported a noticeable increase of the malocclusion prevalence among the female gender (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.42–5.31), as well as those who were not exclusively breastfed (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.17–4.37). Conclusions Orthodontic pacifiers does not favor the development of poor oral habits, even if it has been used for a period of 2 years in children with primary dentition. Children who begin to use orthodontic pacifier between 0 and 3 months, are less likely to acquire fingersucking/thumbsucking habit. The use of an orthodontic pacifier appears not to be correlated with the prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition, differently from what stated in literature about the conventional type of pacifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, Blocco 11, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nota
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, Blocco 11, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy.,Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Atanaz Darvizeh
- Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Severino
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, Blocco 11, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, Blocco 11, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Simona Tecco
- Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Thomaz EBAF, Alves CMC, Gomes E Silva LF, Ribeiro de Almeida CCC, Soares de Britto E Alves MTS, Hilgert JB, Wendland EM. Breastfeeding Versus Bottle Feeding on Malocclusion in Children: A Meta-Analysis Study. J Hum Lact 2018; 34:768-788. [PMID: 29596751 DOI: 10.1177/0890334418755689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding plays an important role in child health. However, there are doubts about its influence on malocclusions. Systematic reviews have yielded contradictory results. Research aim: This study aimed to investigate whether the type and duration of breastfeeding are associated with malocclusions in primary teething. METHODS The review strategy included several electronic databases, lists of references, reviews, dissertation and thesis websites, experts, and other relevant documents. Published and unpublished observational studies ( N = 42) were reviewed using the Participants (children), Interventions (breastfeeding), Comparisons (bottle feeding), Outcomes (malocclusion), and Study design (observational) strategy, without restrictions on language or locale. Information about the authors, publication year, country of study, setting, study design, sample size, age, type and duration of exclusive and mixed breastfeeding, and malocclusions was recorded by two blinded evaluators. Quantitative meta-analysis ( N = 30) of the studies with available data was performed. RESULTS Breastfeeding was a protective factor against malocclusions. The odds of association increased with breastfeeding duration. Irrespective of duration, breastfeeding had a protective association with open bite. For those who were breastfed for up to 6 months, breastfeeding protected against overjet, open bite, posterior crossbite, and crowding. Breastfeeding for 12 months or longer was associated with lower odds of overjet, open bite, and posterior crossbite. Breastfeeding exclusively for 6 months was also a protective factor against malocclusions. However, studies on this subject presented low quality, statistical heterogeneity, and only unadjusted measures of association in most of the cases. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding beneficially affects primary occlusion when practiced for at least 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca Thomaz
- 1 Department of Public Health, Graduate Program in Collective Health, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Coelho Alves
- 2 Department of Dentistry II, Graduate Program in Collective Health, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Balbinot Hilgert
- 4 Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Wendland
- 5 Department of Collective Health, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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COSTA CTD, SHQAIR AQ, AZEVEDO MS, GOETTEMS ML, BONOW MLM, ROMANO AR. Pacifier use modifies the association between breastfeeding and malocclusion: a cross-sectional study. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e101. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zou J. [Oral health management for children]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:465-468. [PMID: 30465336 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric dentistry should focus not only on the treatment of various oral diseases during the entire growth and development of children but also on the early prevention, diagnosis, and intervention of various oral diseases in this process. Early identification and removal of risk factors or early intervention for common oral diseases is necessary to the implementation of oral health management for pregnant women, infants, preschool and school-age children, and adolescents with different general and oral physiological characteristics and common oral diseases. The treatment enables the growth and development of the teeth, as well as occlusion and facials along the normal trajectory, ultimately achieving the functional perfection and aesthetic coordination of the cranio-maxillary and occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract
Orthodontics is the dental specialty concerned with the position of teeth and the relationship between the maxilla and mandible. Much evidence regarding the characteristics of normal occlusion during childhood/adolescence, the timely referral of children/adolescents to orthodontic treatment, and the impact of orthodontic outcomes on individuals' physical, functioning, and psychosocial well-being exists in the literature. This body of evidence may be helpful for pediatricians and primary care physicians. For those willing to be skilled providers of health care to children/adolescents, knowledge of basic concepts of oral health may contribute to the communication among physicians, the young individual and their parents/caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Maranhão, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30150-331, Brazil.
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Baker E, Masso S, McLeod S, Wren Y. Pacifiers, Thumb Sucking, Breastfeeding, and Bottle Use: Oral Sucking Habits of Children with and without Phonological Impairment. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2018; 70:165-173. [DOI: 10.1159/000492469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Zou J, Meng M, Law CS, Rao Y, Zhou X. Common dental diseases in children and malocclusion. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:7. [PMID: 29540669 PMCID: PMC5944594 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Malocclusion is a worldwide dental problem that influences the affected individuals to varying degrees. Many factors contribute to the anomaly in dentition, including hereditary and environmental aspects. Dental caries, pulpal and periapical lesions, dental trauma, abnormality of development, and oral habits are most common dental diseases in children that strongly relate to malocclusion. Management of oral health in the early childhood stage is carried out in clinic work of pediatric dentistry to minimize the unwanted effect of these diseases on dentition. This article highlights these diseases and their impacts on malocclusion in sequence. Prevention, treatment, and management of these conditions are also illustrated in order to achieve successful oral health for children and adolescents, even for their adult stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingmei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Clarice S Law
- Sections of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Division of Growth and Development, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yale Rao
- Victoria General Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Schmid KM, Kugler R, Nalabothu P, Bosch C, Verna C. The effect of pacifier sucking on orofacial structures: a systematic literature review. Prog Orthod 2018. [PMID: 29532184 PMCID: PMC5847634 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-018-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-nutritive sucking habits may adversely affect the orofacial complex. This systematic literature review aimed to find scientific evidence on the effect of pacifier sucking on orofacial structures. METHODS A search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases was conducted to find all pertinent articles published from inception until February 2018, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the risk of bias judgements in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). RESULTS Among the 2288 articles found, 17 articles met the selection criteria: seven prospective cohort studies, nine cross-sectional studies, and one randomized clinical trial. Using ROBINS-I, 12 studies were evaluated to have a serious overall risk of bias and five, a moderate one. These studies claimed a strong association between a pacifier sucking habit and the presence of an anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. Functional/orthodontic pacifiers were shown to cause significantly less open bites than the conventional ones. CONCLUSIONS High level of evidence of the effect of sucking habits on orofacial structures is missing. The available studies show severe or moderate risk of bias; hence, the findings in the literature need to be very carefully evaluated. There is moderate evidence that the use of pacifier is associated with anterior open bite and posterior crossbite, thus affecting the harmonious development of orofacial structures. Functional/orthodontic pacifiers reduce the prevalence of open bite when compared to the conventional ones, but evidence is needed concerning the effects on posterior crossbite. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to further analyze the effects of functional/orthodontic and conventional pacifiers on orofacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Michèle Schmid
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Remo Kugler
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Prasad Nalabothu
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carles Bosch
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlalberta Verna
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Goettems ML, Ourens M, Cosetti L, Lorenzo S, Álvarez-Vaz R, Celeste RK. Early-life socioeconomic status and malocclusion in adolescents and young adults in Uruguay. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018. [PMID: 29513860 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to estimate orthodontic treatment need among 15-24 year-old individuals in Montevideo, Uruguay, and the association of occlusal traits with demographic, clinical and socioeconomic factors, considering a life course approach. A cross-sectional study using data from the First National Oral Health Survey in Uruguay was conducted. A two-stage cluster procedure was used to select a sample of 278 individuals in Montevideo. Household interviews and oral examinations were performed by six dentists. Dental Aesthetic (DAI) and Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth Indices (DMFT) were used to assess orthodontic treatment need and dental caries, respectively. Early life and current socioeconomic factors were obtained from the interview. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the DAI index. Prevalence of definite malocclusion was 20.6%, followed by severe (8.2%) and very severe (7.6%). In the adjusted analysis, individuals with untreated dental caries (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03-1.20) and those who reported a lower socioeconomic level at 6 years of age (OR = 5.52; 95%CI: 1.06-28.62) had a higher chance of being a worse case of malocclusion. Current socioeconomic position was not associated with orthodontic treatment need. Individuals aged 22-24 years (OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.05-2.41) had a lower chance than those aged 14-17. This study shows that orthodontic treatment need is relatively high in Uruguayan adolescents and young adults. There is a potential relationship between early life socioeconomic status and the occurrence of malocclusion in adolescents and young adults under a life course approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Ourens
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Cosetti
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Susana Lorenzo
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ramon Álvarez-Vaz
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Roger Keller Celeste
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Correction of Malocclusion by Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection into Masticatory Muscles. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10010027. [PMID: 29301317 PMCID: PMC5793114 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin, and its injection in masticatory muscles induces muscle weakness and paralysis. This paralytic effect of BTX induces growth retardation of the maxillofacial bones, changes in dental eruption and occlusion state, and facial asymmetry. Using masticatory muscle paralysis and its effect via BTX, BTX can be used for the correction of malocclusion after orthognathic surgery and mandible fracture. The paralysis of specific masticatory muscles by BTX injection reduces the tensional force to the mandible and prevents relapse and changes in dental occlusion. BTX injection in the anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid muscle prevents the open-bite and deep bite of dental occlusion and contributes to mandible stability after orthognathic surgery. The effect of BTX injection in masticatory muscles for maxillofacial bone growth and dental occlusion is reviewed in this article. The clinical application of BTX is also discussed for the correction of dental malocclusion and suppression of post-operative relapse after mandibular surgery.
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Roscoe MG, da Silva Bonifacio SV, da Silva TB, Pingueiro JMS, Lemos MM, Feres MFN. Association of Breastfeeding Duration, Nonnutritive Sucking Habits, and Malocclusion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:18-22. [PMID: 29805229 PMCID: PMC5968157 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the associations between breastfeeding, nonnutritive sucking habits (NNSHs), and malocclusion in deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 50 children between 3 and 12 years, enrolled in a pediatric dentistry dental care program, underwent orthodontic examination for detection of occlusal patterns and malocclusion. In addition, data regarding breastfeeding duration and NNSH acquisition were obtained from standardized questionnaires responded by the children's parents or legal guardians. RESULTS Regardless of a long period of breastfeeding, a high incidence of NNSH in the evaluated sample was observed. Nevertheless, the presence of NNSHs was not significantly associated with malocclusion. CONCLUSION The findings could not indicate a statistically significant association between breastfeeding duration, acquisition of NNSHs, and malocclusion. Longitudinal studies with larger samples are still needed to better support clinical decisions.How to cite this article: Roscoe MG, da Silva Bonifacio SV, da Silva TB, Pingueiro JMS, Lemos MM, Feres MFN. Association of Breastfeeding Duration, Nonnutritive Sucking Habits, and Malocclusion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(1):18-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Roscoe
- Assistant Professor, Dental Research Division, Department of Orthodontics Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara V da Silva Bonifacio
- Undergraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Sao Francisco University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teddy B da Silva
- Undergraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Sao Francisco University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao MS Pingueiro
- Postgraduate Student, Dental Research Division, Department of Orthodontics Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurilo M Lemos
- Assistant Professor, Dental Research Division, Department of Orthodontics Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo FN Feres
- Assistant Professor, Dental Research Division, Department of Orthodontics Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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The relationship between lip-closing strength and the related factors in a cross-sectional study. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Boronat-Catalá M, Montiel-Company JM, Bellot-Arcís C, Almerich-Silla JM, Catalá-Pizarro M. Association between duration of breastfeeding and malocclusions in primary and mixed dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5048. [PMID: 28698555 PMCID: PMC5505989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the current evidence on the possible effects of breastfeeding on different malocclusion traits in primary and mixed dentition. A systematic search was made in three databases, using terms related to breastfeeding and malocclusion in primary and mixed dentition. Of the 31 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, nine were included in the quantitative analysis. The quality of the 31 observational studies was moderate to high on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. It was found that the odds ratio for the risk of posterior crossbite was 3.76 (95% CI 2.01-7.03) on comparing children who had not been breastfed, with those breastfed for over six months, and rose to 8.78 (95% CI 1.67-46.1) when those not breastfed were compared to those breastfed for over twelve months. The odds ratio for class II malocclusion in children breastfed for up to six months compared to those breastfed for over six months was 1.25 (95% CI 1.01-1.55). Lastly, children who were breastfed for up to six months had an odds ratio of 1.73 (95% CI 1.35-2.22) for non-spaced dentition compared to those who were breastfed for over six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Boronat-Catalá
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Carlos Bellot-Arcís
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Catalá-Pizarro
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present cohort study was to evaluate the influence of a novel pacifier on the first formation of malocclusion, the anterior open bite in children. STUDY DESIGN 129 newborn children whose parents had decided to use pacifiers were randomly attributed to two experimental groups (D=Dentistar, n=56, Novatex, Pattensen, Germany; N=NUK, n=73, Mapa, Zeven, Germany). Children (n=42) who did not use a pacifier were not randomized and served as reference (C). Primary outcome was the presence of anterior open bite. It was hypothesized that D would result in lower incidence when compared to N. At the age of 27 months the children were examined with respect to anterior open bite. Fisher's exact test served to detect significant differences between groups D and N (SPSS 22.0). RESULTS 121 children with a mean age of 26.7 months were included in the final analysis (D: n=45; N: n=42; C: n=34). In group D three children (6.7%) showed an anterior open bite. The respective values were 21 (50.0%) for N and 0 for C. The results for group D compared to N were significantly different (chi(2)-test, p<0.001). CONCLUSION In comparison to a commonly used pacifier the novel one causes significantly less anterior open bites.
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Varghese ST, Yerasi PR, Jose LK, Mohammed Haris TP, Mathew T, Ealla KKR. Outcome of premolar extractions on Bolton's overall ratio and tooth size discrepancies in South India. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:309-15. [PMID: 27583218 PMCID: PMC4981932 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.186800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Attainment of ideal occlusion is often restricted by disproportionate sizes of individual teeth, which is otherwise termed as tooth size discrepancy (TSD). While extraction of teeth for orthodontic purposes is not uncommon, there is considerable resistance against this school of thought. The extraction of premolars, in particular, received considerable attention because of the potential TSD that could result following the extraction of premolars. The aim of the present study was to identify the consequence of premolar extractions on Bolton's overall ratios in South Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred participants were recruited into the study through purposive nonproportionate quota sampling. Pretreatment dental casts of the study participants were measured for mesiodistal tooth widths to determine Bolton's overall ratio before the hypothetical tooth extractions were performed. The hypothetical extractions were executed in four different combinations as follows: (a) Maxillary and mandibular first premolars, (b) maxillary first premolars and mandibular second premolars, (c) maxillary second premolars and mandibular first premolars, and (d) maxillary and mandibular second premolars. Bolton's overall ratios were calculated after the hypothetical tooth extractions were performed. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20 software. RESULTS It was observed that extractions performed in any of the combinations followed in this study resulted in a decrease of overall Bolton's ratios. However, the discrepancy in tooth size was highest with the extraction of all first premolars, whereas least discrepancy was recorded with all second premolars extraction. It was also found that, based on the combination of teeth chosen for extraction, there was significant difference in Bolton's overall ratios between males and females. CONCLUSION In formulating a treatment plan involving premolar extraction, significant tooth size discrepancies could change mutually after extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaji T Varghese
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, PSM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trichur, Kerala, India
| | - Purushothama R Yerasi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, PSM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trichur, Kerala, India
| | - Lijo K Jose
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, PSM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trichur, Kerala, India
| | - T P Mohammed Haris
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, PSM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trichur, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Mathew
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, PSM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trichur, Kerala, India
| | - Kranti K R Ealla
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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Lynch SJ, Sears MR, Hancox RJ. Thumb-Sucking, Nail-Biting, and Atopic Sensitization, Asthma, and Hay Fever. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-0443. [PMID: 27401101 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hygiene hypothesis suggests that early-life exposure to microbial organisms reduces the risk of developing allergies. Thumb-sucking and nail-biting are common childhood habits that may increase microbial exposures. We tested the hypothesis that children who suck their thumbs or bite their nails have a lower risk of developing atopy, asthma, and hay fever in a population-based birth cohort followed to adulthood. METHODS Parents reported children's thumb-sucking and nail-biting habits when their children were ages 5, 7, 9, and 11 years. Atopic sensitization was defined as a positive skin-prick test (≥2-mm weal) to ≥1 common allergen at 13 and 32 years. Associations between thumb-sucking and nail-biting in childhood, and atopic sensitization, asthma, and hay fever at these ages were assessed by using logistic regression with adjustments for sex and other potential confounding factors: parental atopy, breastfeeding, pet ownership, household crowding, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking. RESULTS Thirty-one percent of children were frequent thumb-suckers or nail-biters at ≥1 of the ages. These children had a lower risk of atopic sensitization at age 13 years (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.48-0.92, P = .013) and age 32 years (odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.46-0.81, P = .001). These associations persisted when adjusted for multiple confounding factors. Children who had both habits had a lower risk of atopic sensitization than those who had only 1. No associations were found for nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and asthma or hay fever at either age. CONCLUSIONS Children who suck their thumbs or bite their nails are less likely to have atopic sensitization in childhood and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Lynch
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; and
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Michael de Groote School of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Hancox
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; and
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AlSadhan SA, Al-Jobair AM. Oral habits, dental trauma, and occlusal characteristics among 4- to 12-year-old institutionalized orphan children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2016; 37:10-18. [PMID: 27118440 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the oral habit practices, dental trauma, and occlusal characteristics of 4- to 12-year-old orphans living in governmental orphanages in Riyadh. This cross-sectional study was conducted in three government orphanages and three ordinary schools. All 90 orphans, residing in the orphanage, were included. Ninety schoolchildren were selected to serve as the controls. Demographic data, oral habit history, and dental trauma history were obtained through a questionnaire. All children were examined to confirm the presence of signs of oral habits, dental trauma, and associated occlusal characteristics. Pearson chi-square was used for statistical analysis. Orphans were found to have more digit sucking and oral self-mutilation habits; however, the control children were found to have more nail biting habit. Nearly 21% of the orphans had dental trauma compared to 10% of the control group. About 70% of the dental trauma affected permanent teeth among orphans, whereas, 85% affected primary teeth in the control children. Dental trauma increased as the orphans got older; however, it decreased significantly as the control children got older. Orphans were found to have more cross-bite, increased over-jet, and open-bite. Digit sucking habit was positively associated with class II molar relation, presence of posterior cross-bite, and open-bite. Orphans had increased prevalence of digit sucking habit, self-mutilation, dental trauma, and malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A AlSadhan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma M Al-Jobair
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Feres MFN, Abreu LG, Insabralde NM, de Almeida MR, Flores-Mir C. Effectiveness of open bite correction when managing deleterious oral habits in growing children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod 2016; 39:31-42. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lopes-Freire GM, Cárdenas ABC, Suarez de Deza JEE, Ustrell-Torrent JM, Oliveira LB, Boj Quesada JR. Exploring the association between feeding habits, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusions in the deciduous dentition. Prog Orthod 2015; 16:43. [PMID: 26683318 PMCID: PMC4684560 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-015-0113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the association between feeding habits, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusions in deciduous dentition. Methods A cross-sectional observational survey was carried out in 275 children aged 3 to 6 years and included clinical evaluations of malocclusions and structured interviews. Statistical significance for the association between feeding habits and the development of malocclusion was determined using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. In addition, odds ratio (OR) calculations were used for intergroup comparisons. Controlling for confounders was adjusted by excluding children with non-nutritive sucking habits. Results The results indicated that there were no significant relationships between exclusive breastfeeding or bottlefeeding and the presence of any type of malocclusion (p > 0.05). There was also no significant association between breastfeeding or bottlefeeding duration and malocclusion (p > 0.05). In addition, it was observed that exclusive breastfeeding had a protective effect and diminished the risk of acquiring non-nutritive sucking habits (p = 0.001). Conclusions There was no association between feeding habits and malocclusions in the deciduous dentition in this sample of children. Exclusive breastfeeding reduced the risk of acquiring non-nutritive sucking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mesquita Lopes-Freire
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Barcelona Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Josep Maria Ustrell-Torrent
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, Faculty of Dentistry, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciana Butini Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Joan Ramon Boj Quesada
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Barcelona Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Peres KG, Cascaes AM, Nascimento GG, Victora CG. Effect of breastfeeding on malocclusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:54-61. [PMID: 26140303 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this systematic review was to investigate whether breastfeeding decreases the risk of malocclusions. METHODS Six databases were systematically searched to the end of October 2014. Observational and interventional studies were included. Breastfeeding was evaluated in three categories: (i) ever versus never; (ii) exclusive versus absence of exclusive; and (iii) longer periods versus shorter periods. All types of malocclusion were considered as the outcome. Pooled adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were obtained from meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed with both the Q-test and the I-square. Funnel plots and Egger's test were employed to assess publication bias. RESULTS Forty-eight studies were included in the systematic review, and 41 were included in the overall meta-analysis (n = 27 023 participants). Subjects who were ever breastfed were less likely to develop malocclusions than those never breastfed (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.24; 0.48), those who were exclusively breastfed presented lower risk to present malocclusion than those with absence of exclusive breastfeeding (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.38; 0.77), and subjects longer breastfed were less likely to have malocclusions than those shorter breastfed (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.29; 0.54). CONCLUSION Breastfeeding decreases the risk of malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Glazer Peres
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health - ARCPOH; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
| | - Andreia Morales Cascaes
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - Gustavo Giacomelli Nascimento
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health - ARCPOH; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - Cesar Gomes Victora
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
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Abstract
The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is a worldwide organization of physicians dedicated to the promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding and human lactation. Our mission is to unite into one association members of the various medical specialties with this common purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Chantry
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,3 Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Anne Eglash
- 4 Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Miriam Labbok
- 5 Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Kataoka K, Ekuni D, Mizutani S, Tomofuji T, Azuma T, Yamane M, Kawabata Y, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Association Between Self-Reported Bruxism and Malocclusion in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol 2015; 25:423-30. [PMID: 25865057 PMCID: PMC4444496 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bruxism can result in temporomandibular disorders, oral pain, and tooth wear. However, it is unclear whether bruxism affects malocclusion. The aim of this study was to examine the association between self-reported bruxism and malocclusion in university students. METHODS Students (n = 1503; 896 men and 607 women) aged 18 and 19 years were examined. Malocclusion was defined using a modified version of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The presence of buccal mucosa ridging, tooth wear, dental impression on the tongue, palatal/mandibular torus, and the number of teeth present were recorded, as well as body mass index (BMI). Additional information regarding gender, awareness of bruxism, orthodontic treatment, and oral habits was collected via questionnaire. RESULTS The proportion of students with malocclusion was 32% (n = 481). The awareness of clenching in males with malocclusion was significantly higher than in those with normal occlusion (chi square test, P < 0.01). According to logistic regression analysis, the probability of malocclusion was significantly associated with awareness of clenching (odds ratio [OR] 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-3.93) and underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)) (OR 1.89; 95% CI, 1.31-2.71) in males but not in females. In subgroup analyses, the probability of crowding was also significantly associated with awareness of clenching and underweight (P < 0.01) in males. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of clenching and underweight were related to malocclusion (crowding) in university male students.
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Hermont AP, Martins CC, Zina LG, Auad SM, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Breastfeeding, bottle feeding practices and malocclusion in the primary dentition: a systematic review of cohort studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:3133-51. [PMID: 25785498 PMCID: PMC4377956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120303133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast feeding for at least six months. However, there is no scientific evidence of the benefits of breast feeding for oral health in children under primary dentition. This study aimed to search for scientific evidence regarding the following question: is bottle feeding associated with malocclusion in the primary dentition compared to children that are breastfed? An electronic search was performed in seven databases. The systematic review included 10 cohort studies. It was not possible to conduct meta-analysis; therefore a qualitative analysis was assessed. The majority of studies evaluated feeding habits by means of questionnaires and conducted a single examination. Three studies observed that bottle feeding was significantly associated with overjet and posterior crossbite. Studies reported several cut-off times for breastfeeding (varying from 1 month up to 3 years of age) and several types of malocclusion. Controlling for non-nutritive sucking habits was reported for only half of the studies and this may have led to biased results. The scientific evidence could not confirm a specific type of malocclusion associated with the feeding habits or an adequate time of breastfeeding to benefit the children against malocclusion. Further cohort studies are needed to confirm this evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Hermont
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Carolina C Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Lívia G Zina
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Sheyla M Auad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Saul M Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Isabela A Pordeus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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