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Leung I, Veisaga ML, Espinal M, Zhang W, Barnum R, Barbieri MA. Anti-lipid droplets accumulation effect of Annona montana (mountain soursop) leaves extract on differentiation of preadipocytes. BIOCELL 2022; 46:567-578. [PMID: 34970018 PMCID: PMC8713457 DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2022.014009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Annona genus is a member of Annonaceae, one of the largest families of plants across tropical and subtropical regions. This family has been used in several ethnomedicinal practices to treat a multitude of human diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its effect on the lipid droplet formation and on the expression of adipogenic markers of this plant remain to be investigated. In this study, we examined whether the extracts from the aerial part of Annona montana affect in vitro differentiation of preadipocytes. For our investigations, both mouse embryo fibroblast 3T3-L1 and normal human primary subcutaneous preadipocytes were incubated with Annona montana extracts (-and its subfractions-) and then analyzed on preadipocyte differentiation, lipid content, lipid droplet size and number, the expression of adipogenic-specific transcriptional factors, as well as cell survival. From our examinations, we found the Annona montana ethyl acetate extract to exhibit a potent inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, without affecting cell survival, in a dose-dependent manner. Such inhibitory effects included a significant decrease in the accumulation of lipid content by both a dramatic reduction of size and number of lipid droplets. This extract strongly attenuated the expression of PPARγ and HMGB2. It also inhibited the expression of CEBPα, FAS, and Akt without influencing Erk1/2 activities. Our findings suggest that specifically, the Annona montana ethyl acetate extract has a prominent inhibitory effect in cellular pathways of adipocyte differentiation by modulating specific gene expression, which is known to perform a pivotal role during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, USA
| | - Maria-Luisa Veisaga
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, USA
| | - Margarita Espinal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, USA
| | - Robert Barnum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, USA
| | - Manuel Alejandro Barbieri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, USA.,Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, 33156, USA.,International Center of Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, USA
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Drexel H, Coats AJS, Spoletini I, Bilato C, Mollace V, Perrone Filardi P, Rosano GMC. An expert opinion paper on statin adherence and implementation of new lipid-lowering medications by the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy: Barriers to be overcome. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2019; 6:115-121. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Benefits and safety on statins have been well-established over 20 years of research. Despite this, the vast majority of patients are not adequately treated and do not achieve the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target levels. This is mainly due to poor adherence, which is associated with dangerous and sometimes fatal outcomes. To increase adherence and prevent worse outcomes, a combination therapy with lower dosage of statins and new lipid-lowering drugs may be used. However, the implementation of new lipid-lowering drugs in European countries is still at the beginning. For these reasons, the aim of this position paper is to give an up-to-date indication from the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy in order to discuss the barriers towards statins adherence and new lipid-lowering drugs implementation in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Drexel
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J S Coats
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilaria Spoletini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Bilato
- Division of Cardiology, West Vicenza General Hospitals, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute for Food Safety & Health University, ‘Magna Graecia of Catanzaro’, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M C Rosano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
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Palanisamy SK, Arumugam V, Peter MD, Sundaresan U. Patterns of chemical diversity in the marine ascidian Phallusia spp.: anti-tumor activity and metabolic pathway inhibiting steroid biosynthesis. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:251. [PMID: 29755920 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex nature of marine biodiversity is partially responsible for the lack of studies in Indian ascidian species, which often target a small number of novel biomolecules. We performed untargeted metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in two invasive ascidian species to investigate the inter-specific chemical diversity of Phallusia nigra and P. arabica in search of drug-like properties and metabolic pathways. The chemical profiling of individual ascidian species was obtained using GC-MS, and the metabolites were determined by searching in NIST library and literature data. The principal component analysis of GC-MS mass spectral variables showed a clear discrimination of these two ascidian species based on the chemical composition and taxonomy. The metabolites, lipids, macrolides, and steroids contributed strongly to the discrimination of these two species. Results of this study confirmed that GC-MS-based chemical profiling could be utilized as a tool for chemotaxonomic classification of ascidian species. The extract of P. nigra showed promising anti-tumor activity against HT29 colon cancer 35 µM and MCF7-breast cancer (34.76 µM) cells compared to P. arabica. Of the more than 70 metabolites measured, 18 metabolites that mapped various pathways linked to three metabolic pathways being impacted and altered in steroid biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis were observed to have changed significantly (p > 0.004, FDR < 0.01). Also, higher expression of this pathway was associated with more significant cytotoxicity in breast and colon carcinoma cells.
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Elevated Urinary Methylmalonic Acid/creatinine ratio and Serum Sterol levels in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Sitosterolemia, defined as phytosterolemia, is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by elevated blood sterol levels. Our aim was to investigate serum plant sterols, methylmalonic acid, vitamin B12, oxidized-LDL and homocysteine levels in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients and healthy subjects. Material and Methods: 50 healthy subjects (without a family history of coronary artery disease) and 89 patients hospitalized in the Selcuk University neurology clinic or intensive care unit with a diagnosis of stroke were included in this study. Serum plant sterols, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, oxidized-LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol and vitamin B12 levels were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, commercially available ELISA kit, spectrophotometry and chemiluminescence methods, respectively. Results: Urinary methylmalonic acid/creatinine ratio (p< 0.05), serum β-sitosterol levels and β-sitosterol/ cholesterol ratio were significantly higher (p <0.01) in patients compared to the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between the serum OxLDL- methylmalonic acid, serum homocysteine- urinary methylmalonic acid /creatinine ratio, serum methylmalonic acid - Urinary methylmalonic acid (p<0.05), serum homocysteine- urinary methylmalonic acid, urinary methylmalonic acid-methylmalonic acid/creatinine ratio, serum methylmalonic acid- methylmalonic acid/creatinine ratio, serum beta-sitosterol- beta-sitosterol /cholesterol, total cholesterol-HDL, total cholesterol-LDL (p <0.01) levels and negative correlation between vitamin B12- serum methylmalonic acid (p<0.05), cholesterol-stigmasterol/cholesterol, LDL- stigmasterol/cholesterol (p <0.01) levels in the patient group. Conclusion: Our findings presented that the serum sitosterol levels were significantly higher in stroke patients compared to controls.
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Dong S, Zhang R, Ji YC, Hao JY, Ma WW, Chen XD, Xiao R, Yu HL. Soy milk powder supplemented with phytosterol esters reduced serum cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemia independently of lipoprotein E genotype: a random clinical placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Res 2016; 36:879-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Malhotra A, Shafiq N, Arora A, Singh M, Kumar R, Malhotra S. Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD001918. [PMID: 24913720 PMCID: PMC7063855 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001918.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cholesterol-lowering diet and several other dietary interventions have been suggested as a management approach either independently or as an adjuvant to drug therapy in children and adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). However, a consensus has yet to be reached on the most appropriate dietary treatment. Plant sterols are commonly used in FH although patients may know them by other names like phytosterols or stanols. OBJECTIVES To examine whether a cholesterol-lowering diet is more effective in reducing ischaemic heart disease and lowering cholesterol than no dietary intervention in children and adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Further, to compare the efficacy of supplementing a cholesterol-lowering diet with either omega-3 fatty acids, soya proteins, plant sterols or plant stanols. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism Trials Register, which is compiled from electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (updated with each new issue of The Cochrane Library), quarterly searches of MEDLINE and the prospective handsearching of one journal - Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. Most recent search of the Group's Inborn Errors of Metabolism Trials Register: 22 August 2013. We also searched PubMed to 05 February 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials, both published and unpublished, where a cholesterol-lowering diet in children and adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia has been compared to other forms of dietary treatment or to no dietary intervention were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed the trial eligibility and risk of bias and one extracted the data, with independent verification of data extraction by a colleague. MAIN RESULTS In the 2014 update of the review, 15 trials have been included, with a total of 453 participants across seven comparison groups. The included trials had either a low or unclear risk of bias for most of the parameters used for risk assessment. Only short-term outcomes could be assessed due to the short duration of follow up in the included trials. None of the primary outcomes, (incidence of ischaemic heart disease, number of deaths and age at death) were evaluated in any of the included trials. No significant differences were noted for the majority of secondary outcomes for any of the planned comparisons. However, a significant difference was found for the following comparisons and outcomes: for the comparison between plant sterols and cholesterol-lowering diet (in favour of plant sterols), total cholesterol levels, mean difference 0.30 mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.48); decreased serum LDL cholesterol, mean difference -0.60 mmol/l (95% CI -0.89 to -0.31). Fasting serum HDL cholesterol levels were elevated, mean difference -0.04 mmol/l (95% CI -0.11 to 0.03) and serum triglyceride concentration was reduced, mean difference -0.03 mmol/l (95% CI -0.15 to -0.09), although these changes were not statistically significant. Similarly, guar gum when given as an add on therapy to bezafibrate reduced total cholesterol and LDL levels as compared to bezafibrate alone. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No conclusions can be made about the effectiveness of a cholesterol-lowering diet, or any of the other dietary interventions suggested for familial hypercholesterolaemia, for the primary outcomes: evidence and incidence of ischaemic heart disease, number of deaths and age at death,due to the lack of data on these. Large, parallel, randomised controlled trials are needed to investigate the effectiveness of a cholesterol-lowering diet and the addition of omega-3 fatty acids, plant sterols or stanols, soya protein, dietary fibers to a cholesterol-lowering diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Malhotra
- Government Medical CollegeDepartment of PhysiologyChandigarhIndia
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchDepartment of PharmacologyChandigarhIndia160012
| | - Anjuman Arora
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchDepartment of PharmacologySector‐12ChandigarhIndiaPIN‐160012
| | - Meenu Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchDepartment of PediatricsSector 12ChandigarhIndia160012
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Post graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchDepartment of ImmunopathologySector‐12ChandigarhIndiaPIN‐160012
| | - Samir Malhotra
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchDepartment of PharmacologyChandigarhIndia160012
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Scicchitano P, Cameli M, Maiello M, Modesti PA, Muiesan ML, Novo S, Palmiero P, Saba PS, Pedrinelli R, Ciccone MM. Nutraceuticals and dyslipidaemia: Beyond the common therapeutics. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24:86-94. [PMID: 23298962 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32835cb4f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Barbalho SM, Soares de Souza MDS, Bueno PCDS, Guiguer ÉL, Farinazzi-Machado FMV, Araújo AC, Meneguim CO, Pascoal Silveira E, de Souza Oliveira N, da Silva BC, Barbosa SDS, Mendes CG, Gonçalves PR. Annona montana Fruit and Leaves Improve the Glycemic and Lipid Profiles of Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2012; 15:917-22. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Élen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Omete Meneguim
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Pascoal Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Souza Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Clivati da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara da Silva Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudemir Gregório Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2012; 27:441-54. [PMID: 22678411 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e3283558773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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