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Bakhach H, Nuffer M, Tall Bull S, Nuffer W. A Systematic Review Evaluating Cinnamon's Effects on Glucose Utilizing a Ranking System to Assess Bias and Study Quality. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38466959 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of diabetes, the use of cinnamon continues to be among the most popular supplements taken by patients for glucose control. To strategically evaluate the available literature comparing various cinnamon species and statistically significant glucose effects after ranking studies based on two tools to assess bias and overall study quality, to clarify cinnamon's role in glucose control. The authors performed a systematic search based upon PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted utilizing PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Medline databases, with the final search performed in September 2022 with restrictions to human subjects and English language. Electronic searches were conducted utilizing the keywords "diabetes mellitus" combined with Cinnamomum zeylanicum/Cinnamomum cassia/Cinnamomum verum combined with blood glucose (BG). A second search utilized "cinnamomum zeylanicum/cinnamomum cassia/cinnamomum verum" combined with "blood glucose," and a final search utilized "diabetes mellitus" combined with "cinnamon." Data extraction and ranking of included studies utilizing the risk of bias 2 tool and modified Heyland Methodological Quality Scoring tool were performed independently by two review authors. These authors compared their results and reconciled any differences in scoring to generate a final ranking of studies. A third author was available for any discrepancies that could not be resolved but was not needed. Forty-five studies were included in the review and were scored for bias and quality. Overall 62% demonstrated statistical significance for positive effects in at least one parameter around BG control. Applying the ranking systems reduced the percentage closer to 50%. Safety was extremely well documented across studies with few adverse effects. Results are limited by heterogeneity of glucose parameters, leading to studies being ranked individually and not synthesized. Cinnamon supplementation likely has a modest positive effect on BG. Based upon the strong safety profile, utilization of this spice as an adjunct to pharmacologic therapy is reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebat Bakhach
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Monika Nuffer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shasta Tall Bull
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wesley Nuffer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Hawash M, Jaradat N, Salhi NA, Shatreet B, Asbah AA, Hawash YH. Assessing the therapeutic potential and safety of traditional anti-obesity herbal blends in Palestine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1919. [PMID: 38253703 PMCID: PMC10803755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies has been a common practice for centuries across different cultures to treat various ailments. In Palestine, traditional herbal medicines are widely used, but their efficacy and safety have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the biological activity and toxicity of two traditional herbal blends often used to treat obesity in the West Bank region of Palestine. Two herbal blends with a total of eight plants were chosen based on their historic use and availability. The plant aqueous extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and cytotoxic activities. The results showed that these blends have potent antifibrotic, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. While their activities on α-amylase and lipase enzymes (main targets) showed moderate activities. Therefore, our results showed that Herbal Blend 2 was more potent than Herbal Blend 1 on all investigated targets. Herbal Blend 2 showed significant activities as an antioxidant, antifibrotic, and anticancer activities with IC50 values of 68.16 ± 2.45, 33.97 ± 1.14, and 52.53 ± 0.78 µg/mL against DPPH, LX-2, and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. While it is IC50 values on α-amylase and lipase enzymes were 243.73 ± 1.57 and 1358.39 ± 2.04 µg/mL, respectively. However, the use of anti-cancer plants can be challenging due to their cytotoxic effects on the body. We urge individuals to exercise caution when using natural remedies and to seek medical advice before incorporating them into their health regimens. This study provides valuable insight into the potential health benefits of traditional herbal remedies and emphasizes the importance of responsible usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nihal Ayman Salhi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Beesan Shatreet
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Areej Abu Asbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Mohsin SN, Saleem F, Humayun A, Tanweer A, Muddassir A. Prospective Nutraceutical Effects of Cinnamon Derivatives Against Insulin Resistance in Type II Diabetes Mellitus-Evidence From the Literature. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231200527. [PMID: 37701673 PMCID: PMC10494518 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231200527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from advances in pharmaceutical antidiabetic agents, efforts are being made toward hypoglycemic agents derived from natural sources. Cinnamon has been reported to have significant benefits for human health, particularly as an anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anti-hypertriglyceridemic agent. The phytochemicals in cinnamon can be extracted from different parts of plant by distillation and solvent extraction. These chemicals help in decreasing insulin resistance and can act against hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress, obesity, overweight, and abnormal glycation of proteins. Cinnamon has shown to improve all of these conditions in in vitro, animal, and/or human studies. However, the mechanism of action of active ingredients found in cinnamon remains unclear. The current review presents the outstanding ability of cinnamon derivatives to control diabetes by various pathways modulating insulin release and insulin receptor signaling. It was also found that the type and dosage of cinnamon as well as subject characteristics including drug interactions are likely to affect the response to cinnamon. Future research directions based on this review include the synergistic usage of various cinnamon derivatives in managing and/or preventing diabetes and possible other relevant chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Naz Mohsin
- NIH, HRI, Research Center NHRC, Shaikh Zayed Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Saleem
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Humayun
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Tanweer
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Muddassir
- Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
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Cortez-Navarrete M, Pérez-Rubio KG, Escobedo-Gutiérrez MDJ. Role of Fenugreek, Cinnamon, Curcuma longa, Berberine and Momordica charantia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040515. [PMID: 37111272 PMCID: PMC10145167 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease that has become a major global health concern. Given the efficacy of antidiabetic drugs, pharmacological therapy is considered the first-line treatment of T2DM; however, due to their potential side effects and high costs, new and cost-effective treatments with minimal side effects are needed. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries as part of traditional medicine to treat T2DM. Among these, fenugreek, cinnamon, Curcuma longa, berberine, and Momordica charantia have demonstrated different degrees of hypoglycemic activity in clinical studies and animal models. Therefore, the aim of this review is to synthesize the mechanisms of action of five medicinal plants, as well as the experimental and clinical evidence of their hypoglycemic activity from the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Cortez-Navarrete
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karina G. Pérez-Rubio
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miriam de J. Escobedo-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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Li H, Zhou J, Liu S, Chen X, Qin T, Huang G, Luo P, Hu Y, Xia X. Cinnamomum cassia Presl flavonoids prevent hyperglycemia-induced cognitive impairment via inhibiting of AGEs accumulation and oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Das G, Gonçalves S, Basilio Heredia J, Romano A, Jiménez-Ortega LA, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Shin HS, Patra JK. Cardiovascular protective effect of cinnamon and its major bioactive constituents: An update. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Benrahou K, Guourrami OE, Mrabti HN, Cherrah Y, Faouzi MEA. Investigation of Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic and Anti-Obesity Effects of Euphorbia Resinifera L. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:242-249. [PMID: 36186088 PMCID: PMC9510134 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.3.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this work is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antiobesity effects of Euphorbia resinifera extracts and investigate the phenolic constituents and the toxicity of these extracts. Methods Phytochemical screening was performed to detect polyphenols and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by four methods (DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, and xanthine oxidase inhibition). The hypoglycemic effect was determined by the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in vitro and via a starch tolerance study in normal rats. The antiobesity effect was estimated by in vitro inhibition of lipase. Results Phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanolic extract was rich in polyphenols (99 ± 0.56 mg GEA/g extract) and tannins (55.22 ± 0.17 mg RE/g extract). Moreover, this extract showed higher antioxidant activity in different tests the DPPH assay (IC50 = 53.81 ± 1.83 µg/mL), ABTS assay (111.4 ± 2.64 mg TE/g extract), H2O2 (IC50 = 98.15 ± 0.68 µg/mL), and xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 10.26 ± 0.6 µg/mL). With respect to hypoglycemic effect, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed IC50 values of 119.7 ± 2.15 µg/mL and 102 ± 3.63 µg/mL for α-amylase and 121.4 ± 1.88 and 56.6 ± 1.12 µg/mL for α-glucosidase, respectively, and the extracts lowered blood glucose levels in normal starch-loaded rats. Additionally, lipase inhibition was observed with aqueous (IC50 = 25.3 ± 1.53 µg/mL) and ethanolic (IC50 = 13.7 ± 3.03 µg/mL) extracts. Conclusion These findings show the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hyperlipidemic effects of E. resinifera extracts, which should be investigated further to validate their medicinal uses and their pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoutar Benrahou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analyzes Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Otman El Guourrami
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analyzes Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analyzes Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - My El Abbes Faouzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analyzes Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Inhibition of α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, and Lipase, Intestinal Glucose Absorption, and Antidiabetic Properties by Extracts of Erodium guttatum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5868682. [PMID: 36034954 PMCID: PMC9402324 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5868682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Erodium guttatum is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including diabetes. In this study, we evaluated in vitro inhibitory activity of extracts of E. guttatum on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase and then studied in vivo using different animal models. The results showed that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of E. guttatum significantly inhibited digestive enzymes. The extracts of E. guttatum significantly reduced postprandial hyperglycemia after starch loading in normal rats. Additionally, extracts of E. guttatum significantly decrease the intestinal absorption of D-glucose. However, the methanolic extract of E. guttatum showed remarkable antidiabetic activity compared to the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of E. guttatum. In addition, the extracts significantly reduced blood sugar levels in albino mice and hematological and biochemical profiles. Therefore, the results of this study show that the extracts of E. guttatum have antidiabetic effects and could therefore be suggested in the management of type 2 diabetes.
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Araújo MC, Soczek SHS, Pontes JP, Marques LAC, Santos GS, Simão G, Bueno LR, Maria-Ferreira D, Muscará MN, Fernandes ES. An Overview of the TRP-Oxidative Stress Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Insights for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081292. [PMID: 35455971 PMCID: PMC9030853 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology characterized by visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. It has become a global epidemic associated with increased consumption of high-calorie, low-fibre food and sedentary habits. Some of its underlying mechanisms have been identified, with hypoadiponectinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress as important factors for MS establishment and progression. Alterations in adipokine levels may favour glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity which, in turn, contribute to inflammation and cellular stress responses within the adipose, pancreatic and liver tissues, in addition to hepatic steatosis. The multiple mechanisms of MS make its clinical management difficult, involving both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective calcium channels involved in a plethora of physiological events, including energy balance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from animal models of disease has contributed to identify their specific contributions to MS and may help to tailor clinical trials for the disease. In this context, the oxidative stress sensors TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPC5, play major roles in regulating inflammatory responses, thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, the interplay between these TRP channels and oxidative stress in MS is discussed in the light of novel therapies to treat this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael C. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Suzany H. S. Soczek
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline P. Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo A. C. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Gabriela S. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Laryssa R. Bueno
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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BENRAHOU K, DOUDACH L, MRABTİ HN, EL GUOURRAMİ O, ZENGİN G, BOUYAHYA A, CHERRAH Y, FAOUZİ MEA. Acute toxicity, phenol content, antioxidant and postprandial anti-diabetic activity of Echinops spinosus extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2022. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Li B, Li J, Hu S. Cinnamon could improve hepatic steatosis caused by a high-fat diet via enhancing hepatic beta-oxidation and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis, oxidative damage, and inflammation in male rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14077. [PMID: 35246859 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a health and medical problem and is known as the accumulation of fat that increases the risk of cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and infertility. Cinnamon is a spice that is used mainly as a flavoring additive and folk remedies to treat diabetes. Molecular mechanisms of its effects on hepatic lipogenesis and beta-oxidation, inflammation, and oxidative damage are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective and therapeutic effect of different doses of cinnamon in obese male rats. Forty-eight adult male Wister rats were randomly assigned into eight controlled and treated groups. Serum levels of lipid, glucose, and insulin profiles were measured along with liver levels of antioxidant enzymes, MDA and TNF-α. Hepatic expression of genes involved in beta-oxidation, lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation was also evaluated. Hepatic levels of oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers and serum levels of glucose, liver enzymes, insulin, and lipid profiles increased significantly in obese rats. Moreover, hepatic expression of SREBP-1c and NF-κB increased, and PPAR-alpha, CD36, FAS, CPT-1, and Nrf-2 decreased in obese rats. However, pretreatment and treatment with different doses of cinnamon in obese rats could significantly ameliorate them in obese rats. It can be concluded that cinnamon could improve hepatic steatosis caused by a high-fat diet via enhancing hepatic beta-oxidation and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis, oxidative damage, and inflammation in male rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Obesity as a medical and psychiatric problem is seen in more than a third of the world's population. Obesity leads to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and in some cases even death. Cinnamon as a spice and folk remedy has long been used as a treatment for obesity and liver disease. Cinnamon has received a great of attention from the past to the present due to its pharmacological properties and in addition to its availability, cheapness and low side effects. Cinnamon can prevent dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative damage, and inflammation by modulating multiple signaling pathways. Our results showed that cinnamon could improve hepatic steatosis caused by HFD via enhancing hepatic beta-oxidation and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis, oxidative damage, and inflammation. Therefore, it can be recommended that cinnamon and its products can be used as a very suitable option for the production of pharmaceutical supplements for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuwen Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Effects of Diet, Lifestyle, Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040823. [PMID: 35215472 PMCID: PMC8878449 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As years progress, we are found more often in a postprandial than a postabsorptive state. Chrononutrition is an integral part of metabolism, pancreatic function, and hormone secretion. Eating most calories and carbohydrates at lunch time and early afternoon, avoiding late evening dinner, and keeping consistent number of daily meals and relative times of eating occasions seem to play a pivotal role for postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity. Sequence of meals and nutrients also play a significant role, as foods of low density such as vegetables, salads, or soups consumed first, followed by protein and then by starchy foods lead to ameliorated glycemic and insulin responses. There are several dietary schemes available, such as intermittent fasting regimes, which may improve glycemic and insulin responses. Weight loss is important for the treatment of insulin resistance, and it can be achieved by many approaches, such as low-fat, low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean-style diets, etc. Lifestyle interventions with small weight loss (7–10%), 150 min of weekly moderate intensity exercise and behavioral therapy approach can be highly effective in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Similarly, decreasing carbohydrates in meals also improves significantly glycemic and insulin responses, but the extent of this reduction should be individualized, patient-centered, and monitored. Alternative foods or ingredients, such as vinegar, yogurt, whey protein, peanuts and tree nuts should also be considered in ameliorating postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This review aims to describe the available evidence about the effects of diet, chrononutrition, alternative dietary interventions and exercise on postprandial glycemia and insulin resistance.
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Alam S, Sarker MMR, Sultana TN, Chowdhury MNR, Rashid MA, Chaity NI, Zhao C, Xiao J, Hafez EE, Khan SA, Mohamed IN. Antidiabetic Phytochemicals From Medicinal Plants: Prospective Candidates for New Drug Discovery and Development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:800714. [PMID: 35282429 PMCID: PMC8907382 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.800714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic physiological dysfunction affecting people of different age groups and severely impairs the harmony of peoples' normal life worldwide. Despite the availability of insulin preparations and several synthetic oral antidiabetic drugs, there is a crucial need for the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic drugs because of the development of resistance and side effects of those drugs in long-term use. On the contrary, plants or herbal sources are getting popular day by day to the scientists, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies all over the world to search for potential bioactive compound(s) for the discovery and development of targeted novel antidiabetic drugs that may control diabetes with the least unwanted effects of conventional antidiabetic drugs. In this review, we have presented the prospective candidates comprised of either isolated phytochemical(s) and/or extract(s) containing bioactive phytoconstituents which have been reported in several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies possessing noteworthy antidiabetic potential. The mode of actions, attributed to antidiabetic activities of the reported phytochemicals and/or plant extracts have also been described to focus on the prospective phytochemicals and phytosources for further studies in the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-0608; Isa Naina Mohamed, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-8891-2423
| | | | | | - Mohammad A. Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elsayed E. Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI (Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science & Technology, Muscat, Oman
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Medicine Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-0608; Isa Naina Mohamed, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-8891-2423
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14
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Gupta K, Testa H, Greenwood T, Kostek M, Haushalter K, Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS. The effect of herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases: a review of human clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:400-427. [PMID: 34080628 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbs and spices are recommended to increase flavor and displace salt in the diet. Accumulating evidence suggests herbs and spices may improve risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. In this narrative review, an overview of evidence from human clinical trials examining the effect of herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases is provided. Human clinical trials examining supplemental doses of individual spices and herbs, or the active compounds, have yielded some evidence showing improvements to lipid and lipoprotein levels, glycemic control, blood pressure, adiposity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, cautious interpretation is warranted because of methodological limitations and substantial between-trial heterogeneity in the findings. Evidence from acute studies suggests intake of mixed herbs and spices as part of a high-saturated fat, high-carbohydrate meal reduces postprandial metabolic impairments, including lipemia, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Limited studies have examined the postprandial metabolic effects of incorporating mixed herbs and spices into healthy meals, and, to our knowledge, no trials have assessed the effect of longer-term intake of mixed herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. To inform evidence-based guidelines for intake of herbs and spices for general health and cardiometabolic disease risk reduction, rigorously conducted randomized controlled trials are needed, particularly trials examining herb and spice doses that can be incorporated into healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Gupta
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah Testa
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Tara Greenwood
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Megan Kostek
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Keally Haushalter
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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15
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Noce A, Di Lauro M, Di Daniele F, Pietroboni Zaitseva A, Marrone G, Borboni P, Di Daniele N. Natural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020630. [PMID: 33669163 PMCID: PMC7919668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation characterized by a plethora of comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. All MetS comorbidities participate to induce a low-grade inflammation state and oxidative stress, typical of this syndrome. MetS is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and early death, with an important impact on health-care costs. For its clinic management a poly-pharmaceutical therapy is often required, but this can cause side effects and reduce the patient's compliance. For this reason, finding a valid and alternative therapeutic strategy, natural and free of side effects, could represent a useful tool in the fight the MetS. In this context, the use of functional foods, and the assumption of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), could exert beneficial effects on body weight, blood pressure and glucose metabolism control, on endothelial damage, on the improvement of lipid profile, on the inflammatory state, and on oxidative stress. This review focuses on the possible beneficial role of NBCs in the prevention and in the clinical management of MetS and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (G.M.); Tel. + 39-06-2090-2194 (A.N.); +39-06-2090-2191 (G.M.)
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Francesca Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (G.M.); Tel. + 39-06-2090-2194 (A.N.); +39-06-2090-2191 (G.M.)
| | - Patrizia Borboni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
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16
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Wang J, Wang S, Yang J, Henning SM, Ezzat-Zadeh Z, Woo SL, Qin T, Pan Y, Tseng CH, Heber D, Li Z. Acute Effects of Cinnamon Spice on Post-prandial Glucose and Insulin in Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Subjects: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2021; 7:619782. [PMID: 33553233 PMCID: PMC7859251 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.619782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies and meta-analyses have supported the notion that consuming cinnamon spice long term can have beneficial effects in individuals with normal glucose homeostasis and varying degrees of glucose intolerance including type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of cinnamon on the post-prandial responses to a typical American breakfast in normal and overweight/obese participants (ClinicalTrials.gov registration No. NCT04686552). The consumption of a single dose of 6 g of cinnamon added to oatmeal prepared with milk resulted in a significant reduction of one of our primary outcomes post-prandial insulin response (niAUC0−180min) in overweight/obese participants compared to control consuming breakfast without cinnamon. We also performed exploratory analysis of secondary outcomes. In normal weight participants, we observed a decrease of post-prandial glucagon response (niAUC0−180min and glucagon levels at 60–120 min) and C-peptide response (30 min) comparing breakfast with to without cinnamon. Cinnamon consumption did not change post-prandial glycemic response in normal weight participants, but increased 60 min post-prandial glucose in overweight/obese participants compared to control. In summary, cinnamon consumption differentially affected post-prandial hormonal responses in normal and overweight/obese participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zahra Ezzat-Zadeh
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shih-Lung Woo
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tianyu Qin
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Pan
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Department of Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Li Y, Zhang X, Wang R, Han L, Huang W, Shi H, Wang B, Li Z, Zou S. Altering the inhibitory kinetics and molecular conformation of maltase by Tangzhiqing (TZQ), a natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:350. [PMID: 33208112 PMCID: PMC7672964 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tangzhiqing (TZQ), as a potential α-glycosidase inhibitor, possesses postprandial hypoglycaemic effects on maltose in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which TZQ attenuates postprandial glucose by interrupting the activity of maltase, including inhibitory kinetics and circular dichroism studies. Methods In this study, we determined the inhibitory effect of TZQ on maltase by kinetic analysis to determine the IC50 value and enzyme velocity studies and line weaver-burk plot generation to determine inhibition type. Acarbose was chosen as a standard control drug. After the interaction with TZQ and maltase, secondary structure analysis was conducted with a circular dichroism method. Results TZQ showed notable inhibition activity on maltase in a reversible and competitive manner with an IC50 value of 1.67 ± 0.09 μg/ml, which was weaker than that of acarbose (IC50 = 0.29 ± 0.01 μg/ml). The circular dichroism spectrum demonstrated that the binding of TZQ to maltase changed the conformation of maltase and varied with the concentration of TZQ in terms of the disappearance of β-sheets and an increase in the α-helix content of the enzyme, similar to acarbose. Conclusions This work provides useful information for the inhibitory effect of TZQ on maltase. TZQ has the potential to be an α-glycosidase inhibitor for the prevention and treatment of prediabetes or mild diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, China
| | - Xiaomao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, China
| | - Lu Han
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Baohe Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, China.
| | - Shaolan Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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18
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Singh N, Rao AS, Nandal A, Kumar S, Yadav SS, Ganaie SA, Narasimhan B. Phytochemical and pharmacological review of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl-a versatile spice used in food and nutrition. Food Chem 2020; 338:127773. [PMID: 32829297 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum verum is the widely used spice for its medicinal and culinary uses since ages. It is native to Sri Lanka and southern India but also distributed in many Asian, Caribbean, Australian and African countries. It is widely used in food preparations and industrial products like candies, chewing gums, mouthwash and toothpaste. It is also used to treat asthma, bronchitis, diarrhea, headache, inflammation and cardiac disorders. Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, caryophyllene, cinnamyl acetate and cinnamic acid are the major compounds found in its essential oil. These compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, wound healing, anti-HIV, anti-anxiety and antidepressant, etc. This review highlights its comprehensive and up-to-date information on taxonomy, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical composition, pharmacological and toxicity activities. Structure-activity relationship, mechanism of action and some research gaps has also been provided. Owing to its immense medicinal importance, more well-designed in-vivo and clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Amrender Singh Rao
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Abhishek Nandal
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana 127021, India
| | - Surender Singh Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
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A tale of two cinnamons: A comparative review of the clinical evidence of Cinnamomum verum and C. cassia as diabetes interventions. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Xie L, Mo J, Ni J, Xu Y, Su H, Xie J, Chen W. Structure-based design of human pancreatic amylase inhibitors from the natural anthocyanin database for type 2 diabetes. Food Funct 2020; 11:2910-2923. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02885d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Malvidin 3-O-arabinoside is identified as a novel human pancreatic amylase inhibitor from the natural anthocyanin database with a structure-based design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Xie
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Jianling Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310016
| | - Jingdan Ni
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310016
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Hongming Su
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Jiahong Xie
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
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21
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Deyno S, Eneyew K, Seyfe S, Tuyiringire N, Peter EL, Muluye RA, Tolo CU, Ogwang PE. Efficacy and safety of cinnamon in type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes patients: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 156:107815. [PMID: 31425768 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cinnamon has been used as a dietary component and in the management of diabetes mellitus. This study systematically reviewed and synthesized evidence on the efficacy of cinnamon for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes patients. METHODS Databases of Web of Sciences, the Cochrane library, PubMed, CINAHL and SCOPUS were searched. Stata version 13 (College Station, Texas 77845 USA) and RevMan var. 5.3 software were used for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square and I2 tests. RESULTS Sixteen randomized controlled studies were included in the meta-analysis. Cinnamon significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level compared to placebo with weighted mean difference (WMD) of -0.545 (95% CI: -0.910, -0.18) mmol/L, I2 = 83.6% and -0.714(-1.388, -0.04), I2 = 84.4% respectively. There was no significant change in weighted mean difference of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) % and lipid profiles (mmol/L). Meta-regression did not show any factor significantly affecting the treatment response. CONCLUSION Cinnamon reduced FBG and HOMA-IR, level in T2DM and pre-diabetes patients compared to placebo. High heterogeneity observed among included studies warrants further clinical trials after standardization of cinnamon formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serawit Deyno
- Pharm-BioTechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, P. O. Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Kassahun Eneyew
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, P. O. Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Seyfe
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, P. O. Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Naasson Tuyiringire
- Pharm-BioTechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda; School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, P.O. Box 56, Butare, Rwanda.
| | - Emanuel L Peter
- Pharm-BioTechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda; Department of Innovation, Technology Transfer & Commercialization, National Institute for Medical Research, Barack Obama Drive, P.O. Box 9653, 2448 Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Rekik Ashebir Muluye
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia
| | - Casim Umba Tolo
- Pharm-BioTechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Pharm-BioTechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
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22
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Hajimonfarednejad M, Ostovar M, Raee MJ, Hashempur MH, Mayer JG, Heydari M. Cinnamon: A systematic review of adverse events. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:594-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Lin GM, Hsu CY, Chang ST. Antihyperglycemic activities of twig extract of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5908-5915. [PMID: 30051468 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum osmophloeum (indigenous cinnamon) is an endemic species in Taiwan and its twigs contain abundant A-type proanthocyanidins. C. osmophloeum twig extracts (CoTEs) were found to have α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities in vitro. The aim of this study is to further investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of CoTEs in hyperglycemic rats. RESULTS Hyperglycemic rats were divided into three groups and were treated orally with high-dosage CoTEs (HCO, 150 mg kg-1 ), low-dosage CoTEs (LCO, 30 mg kg-1 ) and positive control (PC, 30 mg kg-1 pioglitazone). The HCO group showed improved glucose tolerance in an oral glucose tolerance test after 1 month of treatment, contributed by the inhibition of intestinal disaccharidases, amylase, and lipase. Compared with the PC group, both the HCO and LCO groups had decreased weight of visceral fats and lower atherogenic index; while their low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, food intake, feed efficiency, and biochemical parameters remained unchanged compared with the NC group. Furthermore, the HCO group had decreased weight gain and the LCO group had decreased serum leptin level. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CoTE has potential antihyperglycemic activities for treating hyperglycemia without weight gain. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Min Lin
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Hsu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tzen Chang
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Wu Z, Yan D, Xie Z, Weng S, Zhou Q, Li H, Bai B, Boodhun V, Shen Z, Tang J, Yang L. Combined treatment with cinnamaldehyde and PTH enhances the therapeutic effect on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteoblastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:945-950. [PMID: 30309646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was to investigate the effect of combining treatment with cinnamaldehyde and parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) and compare with monotherapy. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats with GIO were divided into four groups randomly: control group (CON group, N = 10); group that intragastric administration with cinnamaldehyde (CIN group, N = 10); group that subcutaneous injection with PTH, three times per week(PTH group, N = 10); both administration with cinnamaldehyde and PTH (CIN + PTH group, N = 10). Distal femurs were harvested for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, micro-CT scanning and immunohistochemical analysis. Murine mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and dealt with the presence of dexamethasone(DEX group), DEX + cinnamaldehyde(DEX + CIN group), DEX + PTH(DEX + PTH group) or DEX + cinnamaldehyde + PTH(DEX + CIN + PTH group). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was performed subsequently. The results showed that bone formation in CIN + PTH group was notably promoted compared with other groups. And the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (trap) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2) in CIN + PTH group were down-regulated and up-regulated respectively compared with PTH group. In vitro study revealed that ALP-positive cell number in DEX + CIN + PTH group was obviously enhanced compared with other groups. The study revealed that combined treatment with cinnamaldehyde and PTH enhances the therapeutic effect on GIO through inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deyi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongjie Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheji Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, No. 75, Jingxiu Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan Hangzhou, No. 199, Shixin South Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingli Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Viraj Boodhun
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zijian Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiahao Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Z, Weng S, Yan D, Xie Z, Zhou Q, Li H, Bai B, Boodhun V, Shen Z, Tang J, Zhou L, Tao Z, Yang L. Administration of cinnamaldehyde promotes osteogenesis in ovariectomized rats and differentiation of osteoblast in vitro. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:63-70. [PMID: 30266553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of cinnamaldehyde on the distal femur in ovariectomized rats and its influence on osteoblast in vitro. Female Sprague-Dawley rats which underwent either bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation were divided into five groups randomly: group OVX (OVX, N = 10) and group sham (SHAM, N = 10) received normal saline (NS) by gavage at a dose of 50 ml/kg·d; group low dose, group middle dose and group high dose received cinnamaldehyde by gavage at a dose of 25 mg/kg·d (OLD, N = 10), 50 mg/kg·d (OMD, N = 10), and 75 mg/kg·d (OHD, N = 10) respectively. Distal femurs were harvested for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, micro-ct scanning and immunohistochemical analysis. Murine mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and dealt with the presence of either cinnamaldehyde at a dose of 15ug/ml (OLD), 30ug/ml (OMD), 60ug/ml (OHD) or vehicle. ALP staining and western blot were performed to observe the influence of cinnamaldehyde on the differentiation of osteoblast. HE and micro-ct results indicated that osteogenesis were promoted with the treatment of cinnamaldehyde. Immunohistochemical results showed that cinnamaldehyde increased the number of osteoblast and decreased the number of osteoclast. In vitro studies indicated that cinnamaldehyde promoted expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type Iɑ1 (COL1ɑ1). The treatment effect behaved as dose-dependently. Thus, cinnamaldehyde inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblastogenesis, and may plays an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheji Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, No. 75, Jingxiu Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingli Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Viraj Boodhun
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoushan Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Oketch-Rabah HA, Marles RJ, Brinckmann JA. Cinnamon and Cassia Nomenclature Confusion: A Challenge to the Applicability of Clinical Data. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:435-445. [PMID: 29947417 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several Cinnamomum species' barks are generally labeled as cinnamon, although only Cinnamomum verum carries the common name of true cinnamon. Cassia, a common name for a related species, is rarely used on labels; instead, various cassia types may also be labeled "cinnamon." Confusion of true cinnamon and cassia spices in foods generally does not present a risk to health, except possibly at the highest intake levels. However, clinical studies with Cinnamomum investigational products have been published that inadequately describe or lack botanical identification information. The results of such studies are confounded by an inability to determine which species was responsible for the observed effects. Due to differences in the quality and composition of various Cinnamomum species, safety and efficacy data are not generalizable or transferable. Pharmacopeial monographs for characterizing the identity, composition, purity, quality, and strength of Cinnamomum investigational products should be applied to remove the ambiguity of cinnamon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin J Marles
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Gyémánt G, Lehoczki G, Szabó K, Kandra L. Inhibition studies on α-amylase using isothermal titration calorimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/amylase-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The control of postprandial blood glucose level via the inhibition of α‐amylase is a relevant strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Several antidiabetic plants are known but there is no information about their α-amylase inhibitory activity. This in vitro study tries to reveal the answer. Hot water extracts of 58 medicinal plants and spices were examined. Activity measurements of human salivary α-amylase (HSαA) on 0.14 m/v % starch substrate was carried out by isothermal titration calorimetry in the presence or absence of plant extracts. Water soluble antioxidant capacity of each extract was measured with photo-chemiluminescence method. Results have confirmed the inhibitory activity of several plant extracts against HsαA. The green tea, cinnamon and allspice, furthermore leaves of blackberry, raspberry and strawberry deserve particular mention (IC50 ≤ 1.2 mg/mL). A few extracts had significant water-soluble antioxidant capacity compared to ascorbic acid and a weak correlation was recognised between the obtained IC50 and antioxidant capacity values. Inhibition of amylases located in digestive system can be reached via daily intake of most active extracts. These plants could be inserted effectively into a diabetic diet as food supplements.
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Physicochemical Characterization, Microbiological Quality and Safety, and Pharmacological Potential of Hancornia speciosa Gomes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2976985. [PMID: 30050651 PMCID: PMC6046125 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2976985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit tree, commonly known as the mangaba tree, which is widespread throughout Brazil. The leaves of this plant are used in traditional medicine for medicinal purposes. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform a physicochemical characterization, identify the lipophilic antioxidants and fatty acids, and determine the microbiological quality and safety of H. speciosa leaves. In addition, the antioxidant, antimutagenic, and inhibitory activities of the ethanolic extract of H. speciosa leaves (EEHS) against enzymes related to neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, obesity, and diabetes were investigated. Furthermore, this study aimed at assessing the in vivo effects of the EEHS on the glycemia of normoglycemic and diabetic Wistar rats. Physicochemical characterization was performed by colorimetry and gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The total number of colonies of aerobic mesophiles, molds, and yeasts was determined. The total coliforms and Escherichia coli were counted using the SimPlates kit, and sulphite-reducing Clostridium spores were quantified using the sulphite-polymyxin-sulfadiazine agar method. Salmonella spp. were detected using the 1-2 Test. The antioxidant activity of the EEHS was measured by its inhibition of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride- (AAPH-) induced oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes. The antimutagenic activity was determined using the Ames test. The acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, lipase, α-amylase, and α-glycosidase enzyme-inhibiting activities were assessed and compared with commercial controls. The in vivo effects of the EEHS were assessed using the oral glucose tolerance test in normoglycemic Wistar rats and measuring the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The results demonstrated physical-chemical parameters of microbiological quality and safety in the leaves of H. speciosa, as well as antioxidant and antimutagenic activities and inhibition of enzymes related to neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, obesity, and diabetes. In in vivo assays, it was shown that the normoglycemic rats challenged with glucose overload show significantly decreased blood glucose levels when treated with the EEHS. Taken together, the results ensure the microbiological quality and safety as well as showing the contents of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids of H. speciosa leaves. Additionally, the antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-Parkinson's disease, antiobesity, and antihyperglycemic activities of the EEHS were demonstrated.
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Domínguez-Avila JA, Wall-Medrano A, Velderrain-Rodríguez GR, Chen CYO, Salazar-López NJ, Robles-Sánchez M, González-Aguilar GA. Gastrointestinal interactions, absorption, splanchnic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of orally ingested phenolic compounds. Food Funct 2018; 8:15-38. [PMID: 28074953 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The positive health effects of phenolic compounds (PCs) have been extensively reported in the literature. An understanding of their bioaccessibility and bioavailability is essential for the elucidation of their health benefits. Before reaching circulation and exerting bioactions in target tissues, numerous interactions take place before and during digestion with either the plant or host's macromolecules that directly impact the organism and modulate their own bioaccessibility and bioavailability. The present work is focused on the gastrointestinal (GI) interactions that are relevant to the absorption and metabolism of PCs and how these interactions impact their pharmacokinetic profiles. Non-digestible cell wall components (fiber) interact intimately with PCs and delay their absorption in the small intestine, instead carrying them to the large intestine. PCs not bound to fiber interact with digestible nutrients in the bolus where they interfere with the digestion and absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, cholesterol, bile salts and micronutrients through the inhibition of digestive enzymes and enterocyte transporters and the disruption of micelle formation. PCs internalized by enterocytes may reach circulation (through transcellular or paracellular transport), be effluxed back into the lumen (P-glycoprotein, P-gp) or be metabolized by phase I and phase II enzymes. Some PCs can inhibit P-gp or phase I/II enzymes, which can potentially lead to drug-nutrient interactions. The absorption and pharmacokinetic parameters are modified by all of the interactions within the digestive tract and by the presence of other PCs. Undesirable interactions have promoted the development of nanotechnological approaches to promote the bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioefficacy of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, CP 32310, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo R Velderrain-Rodríguez
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
| | - Norma Julieta Salazar-López
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Maribel Robles-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Ranasinghe P, Jayawardena R, Pigera S, Wathurapatha WS, Weeratunga HD, Premakumara GAS, Katulanda P, Constantine GR, Galappaththy P. Evaluation of pharmacodynamic properties and safety of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) in healthy adults: a phase I clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:550. [PMID: 29282046 PMCID: PMC5745724 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Cinnamon is considered as a treatment for many ailments in native medicine. Evidence suggests that Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) has anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, anti-oxidant, blood glucose lowering properties and beneficial cardiovascular effects. The present study aims to evaluate Pharmacodynamic properties and safety of CZ in healthy adults using a Phase I Clinical Trial. Methods This phase I clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Thirty healthy adults were recruited for the study, conducted for a period of 3 months, with the dose of CZ (water extract) increased at monthly intervals (85 mg, 250 mg and 500 mg). Data collection was carried out at baseline and during each monthly follow up visit. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical assessments were done at baseline and during follow up. Adverse effects and drug compliance was also evaluated. Results Twenty eight subjects completed the three months follow up. Mean age was 38.8 ± 10.4 years and 50% were males. There were no significant changes in the anthropometric parameters during the three months follow up. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduced significant during the 1st month and this reduction was sustained throughout follow up. Full blood count, renal function tests, liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, HDL-c, VLDL-d and triglycerides remained within the normal range without any significant alteration during the 3 months. A significant reduction in the TC (p < 0.05) and LDL-c (p < 0.001) was noted at the end of the 3 months follow up period. There were no serious adverse effects (including hypersensitivity) noted. In two participants dyspepsia necessitated the discontinuation of study participation. Drug compliance was between 85 and 95% during the study period. Conclusions This is the first phase I clinical trial in health adults evaluating efficacy and safety of CZ. Our results demonstrate no significant side effects and toxicity of CZ, including hepatotoxicity and anti-coagulation properties. CZ demonstrated beneficial anti-hyperlipidaemic and blood pressure lowering effects among healthy adults. Further studies with larger samples and longer durations may be able to elucidate other side effects and better describe the pharmacodynamic properties. Trial registration SLCTR/2013/001 (Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry: http://www.slctr.lk/trials/106) (Date of Registration: 01/01/2013).
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Kania N, Widowati W, Dewi FRP, Christianto A, Setiawan B, Budhiparama N, Noor Z. Cinnamomum burmanini Blume increases bone turnover marker and induces tibia's granule formation in ovariectomized rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; 9:20-26. [PMID: 29198835 PMCID: PMC5884038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone fragility and an increase in susceptibility to fracture osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone mass and the micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue. There is no previous study regarding the effect of Cinnamomum burmanini Blume on osteoporosis. Objective This study was aimed to investigate the effect of C. burmanini Blume on bone turnover marker, mineral elements, and mesostructure of ovariectomized rats. Materials and methods Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, which included a control group (sham surgery), ovariectomy group (OVX), and ovariectomy groups in the presence of ethanolic extract of C. burmanini Blume (EECB) at doses of 12.5; 25; 50 mg/kg body weight (BW). Analysis of serum C-telopeptide collagen type I (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC) were done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tibia mineral elements and mesostructure were analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy, respectively. In silico study was performed by modeling protein structure using SWISS-MODEL server and Ramachandran plot analysis. Results The increase in OC and CTX were significantly attenuated by treatments of EECB. Ovariectomy significantly decreased Cu/Zn ratio compared to sham-operated rats (p < 0.05). Mesostructure of ovariectomized rats was significantly different compared with the control group. Conclusion Cinnamon was able to normalize bone turnover markers, but, the mesostructure of hydroxyapatite crystal growth was achieved at the highest dose extract. In silico study showed that the active compound of EECB could not only support osteoclastogenesis process by decreasing the binding energy between RANKL and RANK, but also by inhibiting the interaction between OPG and RANK. Administration EECB significantly increased OC and CTX level compared to OVX group. The ratio of Cu/Zn was lower significantly in OVX rats compared to sham-operated rats. Hydroxyapatite crystal growth can reach at the highest dose of Cinnamon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Kania
- Research Center for Osteoporosis, Department of Pathology, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Wahyu Widowati
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Bambang Setiawan
- Research Center for Toxicology, Cancer, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Nicolaas Budhiparama
- Budhiparama Institute of Hip and Knee Research and Education Foundation for Arthroplasty, Sports Medicine and Osteoporosis, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zairin Noor
- Research Center for Osteoporosis, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Antiamylase, Anticholinesterases, Antiglycation, and Glycation Reversing Potential of Bark and Leaf of Ceylon Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5076029. [PMID: 28951761 PMCID: PMC5603108 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5076029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol (95%) and dichloromethane : methanol (DCM : M, 1 : 1 v/v) bark extracts (BEs) and leaf extracts (LEs) of authenticated Ceylon cinnamon (CC) were studied for antiamylase, antiglucosidase, anticholinesterases, and antiglycation and glycation reversing potential in bovine serum albumin- (BSA-) glucose and BSA-methylglyoxal models in vitro. Further, total proanthocyanidins (TP) were quantified. Results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between bark and leaf extracts for the studied biological activities (except antiglucosidase) and TP. BEs showed significantly high (p < 0.05) activities for antiamylase (IC50: 214 ± 2–215 ± 10 μg/mL), antibutyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 26.62 ± 1.66–36.09 ± 0.83 μg/mL), and glycation reversing in BSA-glucose model (EC50: 94.33 ± 1.81–107.16 ± 3.95 μg/mL) compared to LEs. In contrast, glycation reversing in BSA-methylglyoxal (EC50: ethanol: 122.15 ± 6.01 μg/mL) and antiglycation in both BSA-glucose (IC50: ethanol: 15.22 ± 0.47 μg/mL) and BSA-methylglyoxal models (IC50: DCM : M: 278.29 ± 8.55 μg/mL) were significantly high (p < 0.05) in leaf. Compared to the reference drugs used some of the biological activities were significantly (p < 0.05) high (BEs: BChE inhibition and ethanol leaf: BSA-glucose mediated antiglycation), some were comparable (BEs: BSA-glucose mediated antiglycation), and some were moderate (BEs and LEs: antiamylase, AChE inhibition, and BSA-MGO mediated antiglycation; DCM : M leaf: BSA-glucose mediated antiglycation). TP were significantly high (p < 0.05) in BEs compared to LEs (BEs and LEs: 1097.90 ± 73.01–1381.53 ± 45.93 and 309.52 ± 2.81–434.24 ± 14.12 mg cyanidin equivalents/g extract, resp.). In conclusion, both bark and leaf of CC possess antidiabetic properties and thus may be useful in managing diabetes and its complications.
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Zanzer YC, Plaza M, Dougkas A, Turner C, Björck I, Östman E. Polyphenol-rich spice-based beverages modulated postprandial early glycaemia, appetite and PYY after breakfast challenge in healthy subjects: A randomized, single blind, crossover study. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract Inhibits Hyperlipidemia and Inflammation by Modulation of Transcription Factors in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1583098. [PMID: 28396714 PMCID: PMC5370473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1583098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of cinnamon polyphenol extract on hepatic transcription factors expressions including SREBP-1c and LXR-α in rats fed high fat diet (HFD). Twenty-eight Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: (i) normal control: animals fed with normal chow; (ii) cinnamon: animals supplemented with cinnamon polyphenol; (iii) HFD: animals fed a high-fat diet; and (iv) HFD + cinnamon: animals fed a high-fat diet and treated with cinnamon polyphenol. Obesity was linked to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress as imitated by elevated serum glucose, lipid profile, and serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. Cinnamon polyphenol decreased body weight, visceral fat, liver weight and serum glucose and insulin concentrations, liver antioxidant enzymes, and lipid profile (P < 0.05) and reduced serum and liver MDA concentration compared to HFD rats (P < 0.05). Cinnamon polyphenol also suppressed the hepatic SREBP-1c, LXR-α, ACLY, FAS, and NF-κB p65 expressions and enhanced the PPAR-α, IRS-1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expressions in the HFD rat livers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, cinnamon polyphenol reduces the hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress through activating transcription factors and antioxidative defense signaling pathway in HFD rat liver.
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Costello RB, Dwyer JT, Saldanha L, Bailey RL, Merkel J, Wambogo E. Do Cinnamon Supplements Have a Role in Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes? A Narrative Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:1794-1802. [PMID: 27618575 PMCID: PMC5085873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp) has been suggested to help patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) achieve better glycemic control, although conclusions from meta-analyses are mixed. To evaluate whether the use of cinnamon dietary supplements by adults with T2DM had clinically meaningful effects on glycemic control, as measured by changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a comprehensive PubMed literature search was performed. Eleven randomized controlled trials were identified that met our inclusion criteria that enrolled 694 adults with T2DM receiving hypoglycemic medications or not. In 10 of the studies, participants continued to take their hypoglycemic medications during the cinnamon intervention period. Studies ranged from 4 to 16 weeks in duration; seven studies were double-blind. Cinnamon doses ranged from 120 to 6,000 mg/day. The species of cinnamon used varied: seven used Cinnamomum cassia or Cinnamomum aromaticum, one used Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and three did not disclose the species. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis was not conducted. All 11 of the studies reported some reductions in FPG during the cinnamon intervention, and of the studies measuring HbA1c very modest decreases were also apparent with cinnamon, whereas changes in the placebo groups were minimal. However, only four studies achieved the American Diabetes Association treatment goals (FPG <7.2 mmol/L [130 mg/dL] and/or HbAlc <7.0). We conclude that cinnamon supplements added to standard hypoglycemic medications and other lifestyle therapies had modest effects on FPG and HbA1c. Until larger and more rigorous studies are available, registered dietitian nutritionists and other health care professionals should recommend that patients continue to follow existing recommendations of authoritative bodies for diet, lifestyle changes, and hypoglycemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna T. Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health
- School of Medicine and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy; Senior Scientist, Jean Mayer, US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University
| | - Leila Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health
| | - Regan L. Bailey
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health
- School of Medicine and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy; Senior Scientist, Jean Mayer, US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University
| | - Joyce Merkel
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health
| | - Edwina Wambogo
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health
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Qusti S, El Rabey HA, Balashram SA. The Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Activity of Cress Seed and Cinnamon on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes in Male Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:5614564. [PMID: 27525022 PMCID: PMC4972928 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5614564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the stimulation of pancreas of rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes using 20% (w/w) garden cress seed (Lepidium sativum) and cinnamon methanol extracts. The positive control diabetic group showed a significant increase in fasting blood sugar, lipid peroxide, interleukin-6, carboxymethyl lysine, serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, immunoglobulins, and urine albumin and a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes, sodium ions, potassium ions, and urine creatinine. Severe histopathological changes in the kidney and pancreas tissues in hyperglycemic rats were also shown in the positive control diabetic group. Meanwhile, the groups that were treated with 20% garden cress seed and cinnamon methanol extracts showed a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar and all elevated abovementioned biochemical parameters and an increase in the lowered ones restoring them nearly to the normal levels of G1. Kidney and pancreas tissues were also ameliorated and restored nearly to the normal status. Both garden cress seed and cinnamon methanol extracts succeeded in controlling hyperglycemia in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes and ameliorated the biochemical and histopathological changes because of their antioxidant activity acquired by their possession of phenolic phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Qusti
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21789, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haddad A. El Rabey
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Monufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Sarah A. Balashram
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21789, Saudi Arabia
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Waltenberger B, Mocan A, Šmejkal K, Heiss EH, Atanasov AG. Natural Products to Counteract the Epidemic of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2016; 21:807. [PMID: 27338339 PMCID: PMC4928700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have always been exploited to promote health and served as a valuable source for the discovery of new drugs. In this review, the great potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, global health problems with rising prevalence, is addressed. Special emphasis is laid on natural products for which efficacy and safety have already been proven and which are in clinical trials, as well as on plants used in traditional medicine. Potential benefits from certain dietary habits and dietary constituents, as well as common molecular targets of natural products, are also briefly discussed. A glimpse at the history of statins and biguanides, two prominent representatives of natural products (or their derivatives) in the fight against metabolic disease, is also included. The present review aims to serve as an "opening" of this special issue of Molecules, presenting key historical developments, recent advances, and future perspectives outlining the potential of natural products for prevention or therapy of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
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Alotaibi M. The effect of cinnamon extract on isolated rat uterine strips. Reprod Biol 2015; 16:27-33. [PMID: 26952750 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon is a spice used by some populations as a traditional remedy to control blood pressure and thus hypertension. Cinnamon extract decreases contractility in some smooth muscles, but its effect on uterine smooth muscle is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological and pharmacological effects of cinnamon extract (CE) on the contractions of isolated rat uterine strips and to investigate its possible mechanism of action. Isolated longitudinal uterine strips were dissected from non-pregnant rats, mounted vertically in an organ bath chamber, and exposed to different concentrations of CE (10-20mg/mL). The effect of CE was investigated in the presence of each of the following solutions: 60mM KCl, 5nM oxytocin, and 1μM Bay K8644. CE significantly decreased the force of uterine contraction in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly attenuated the uterine contractions elicited by KCl and oxytocin. In addition, CE significantly decreased the contractile force elicited when L-type Ca(2+) channels were activated by Bay K8644. CE's major mechanism may be inhibition of L-type Ca(2+) channels, which limits calcium influx. These data demonstrate that CE can be a potent tocolytic that can decrease uterine activity regardless of how the force was produced, even when the uterus was stimulated by agonists. As a result, cinnamon may be used to alleviate menstrual pain associated with dysmenorrhoea or prevent unwanted uterine activity in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alotaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Khalid University Hospital, P.O Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
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El Hawary SS, Saad S, El Halawany AM, Ali ZY, El Bishbishy M. Phenolic content and anti-hyperglycemic activity of pecan cultivars from Egypt. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:788-98. [PMID: 26450069 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1080732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pecans are commonly used nuts with important health benefits such as anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. OBJECTIVE A comparative investigation of the antihyperglycemic and total phenolic content of the leaves and shells of four pecan cultivars growing in Egypt was carried out. The selected cultivars (cv.) were Carya illinoinensis Wangneh. K. Koch. cv. Wichita, cv. WesternSchely, cv. Cherokee, and cv. Sioux family Juglandaceae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the leaves and shells of pecan cultivars were carried out using Folin-Ciocalteu's and aluminum chloride assays, respectively. Moreover, HPLC profiling of phenolic and flavonoid contents was carried out using RP-HPLC-UV. In addition, in vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity of the ethanolic extracts (125 mg/kg bw, p.o.) of C. illinoinensis cultivars was carried out using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Phenolic contents were higher in shells than leaves in all studied cultivars, while flavonoids were higher in leaves. Leaves and shells of cv. Sioux showed the highest phenolics (251.7 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), and flavonoid contents (103.27 µg rutin equivalent (RE)/g and 210.67 µg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g), respectively. The HPLC profiling of C. illinoinensis cultivars resulted in the identification of eight flavonoids (five of these compounds are identified for the first time from pecan), and 15 phenolic acids (six are identified for the first time from pecan). Leaves of cv. Sioux revealed the most potent decrease in blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) (194.9 mg/dl and 6.52%, respectively), among other tested cultivars. Moreover, leaves of cv. Sioux significantly elevated serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (0.33 mMol/l and 30.68 mg/dl, respectively), and significantly suppressed the markers of both lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyl, PC) (14.25 µmol/ml and 3.18 nmol/mg protein, respectively). CONCLUSION Different pecan cultivars showed significant variation in its phenolic and flavonoid contents and consequently their antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El Hawary
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Soumaya Saad
- b Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, MSA University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ali Mahmoud El Halawany
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia , and
| | - Zeinab Y Ali
- d Department of Biochemistry , National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mahitab El Bishbishy
- b Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, MSA University , Giza , Egypt
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