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Wefing P, Trilling M, Gossen A, Neubauer P, Schneider J. A continuous mashing system controlled by mean residence time. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2023. [DOI: 10.58430/jib.v129i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Continuous processes offer more environmentally friendlier beer production compared to the batch production. However, the continuous production of mashing has not become state-of-the-art in the brewing industry. The controllability and flexibility of this process still has hurdles for practical implementation, but which are necessary to react to changing raw materials. Once overcome, a continuous mashing can be efficiently adapted to the raw materials. Both mean residence time and temperature were investigated as key parameters to influence the extract and fermentable sugar content of the wort. The continuous mashing process was implemented as continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) cascade consisting of mashing in (20°C), protein rest (50°C), β-amylase rest (62-64°C), saccharification rest (72°C) and mashing out (78°C). Two different temperature settings for the β-amylase rest were investigated with particular emphasis on fermentable sugars. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a post-hoc analysis showed that the mean residence time and temperature settings were suitable control parameters for the fermentable sugars. In the experimental conditions, the most pronounced effect was with the β-amylase rest. These results broaden the understanding of heterogenous CSTR mashing systems about assembly and selection of process parameters
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Nathan K, E M, Jabaris S SL, Visweswaraiah NK. Effect of abrupt and gradual calorie restriction regimens on biochemical and behavioral markers in obese mice model. Nutr Health 2023:2601060221131726. [PMID: 36650659 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although Calorie Restriction (CR) is primarily considered in obesity management, behavioral studies of CR and its methodology of implementation are not well-defined. Objective: The study aimed to determine the efficacy of the extensively researched method of CR-abrupt calorie restriction (ACR) and a newly proposed gradual calorie restriction (GCR) in terms of body weight, behavioral and biochemical parameters in the obese animal model-C57BL/6J mice. Design: Male obese mice were subjected to GCR regimen for 14 weeks which was compared and evaluated for anxiety-like behavior and stress levels with ACR. Plasma corticosterone was measured before initiation of CR and every three weeks following GCR and ACR, whereas plasma insulin was measured twice-after obesity induction and post 14 weeks of CR. The behavioral assessments were conducted before inducing CR and every three weeks following ACR and GCR. Results: A significant anxiety-like behavior and an increase in plasma corticosterone were observed in mice on GCR during the critical initial six weeks of CR (p < 0.05). Both groups showed a decrease in plasma glucose levels; however, the GCR group showed a significant reduction (p < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in social interaction in both groups with an increase in the latency period and a decrease in time spent with the stranger animal during the social interaction test (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The mice on GCR regimen demonstrated lesser anxiety-like behavior and low plasma corticosterone levels compared to those on ACR. This gives us a new avenue in CR research to evaluate the methodologies of implementing CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Nathan
- Department of Biochemistry, 77239Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malligai E
- Department of Biochemistry, 77239Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sugin Lal Jabaris S
- Department of Pharmacology, Siddha Central Research Institute, 390302Central Council for Research in Siddha, Anna Govt. Hospital Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Naveen K Visweswaraiah
- Australian Research Council for Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
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Tabernilla A, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Pieters A, Caufriez A, Leroy K, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Gomes AR, Arnesdotter E, Gijbels E, Vinken M. In Vitro Liver Toxicity Testing of Chemicals: A Pragmatic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5038. [PMID: 34068678 PMCID: PMC8126138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is among the most frequently targeted organs by noxious chemicals of diverse nature. Liver toxicity testing using laboratory animals not only raises serious ethical questions, but is also rather poorly predictive of human safety towards chemicals. Increasing attention is, therefore, being paid to the development of non-animal and human-based testing schemes, which rely to a great extent on in vitro methodology. The present paper proposes a rationalized tiered in vitro testing strategy to detect liver toxicity triggered by chemicals, in which the first tier is focused on assessing general cytotoxicity, while the second tier is aimed at identifying liver-specific toxicity as such. A state-of-the-art overview is provided of the most commonly used in vitro assays that can be used in both tiers. Advantages and disadvantages of each assay as well as overall practical considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.T.); (B.d.S.R.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.R.G.); (E.A.); (E.G.)
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4
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Emde B, Kreher H, Bäumer N, Bäumer S, Bouwes D, Tickenbrock L. Microfluidic-Based Detection of AML-Specific Biomarkers Using the Example of Promyelocyte Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238942. [PMID: 33255664 PMCID: PMC7728129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A microfluidic assay for the detection of promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) fusion protein was developed. This microfluidic-based system can be used for rapid personalized differential diagnosis of acute promyelocyte leukemia (APL) with the aim of early initiation of individualized therapy. The fusion protein PML-RARα occurs in 95% of acute promyelocytic leukemia cases and is considered as diagnostically relevant. The fusion protein is formed as a result of translocation t(15,17) and is detected in the laboratory by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Diagnostic methods require many laboratory steps with specialized staff. The developed microfluidic assay includes a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for PML-RARα on surface of magnetic microparticles in a microfluidic chip. A rapid detection of PML-RARα in cell lysates is achieved in less than one hour. A biotinylated PML-antibody on the surface of magnetic streptavidin coated microparticles is used as capture antibody. The bound translocation product is detected by a RARα antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and the substrate QuantaRed. The analysis is performed in microfluidic channels which involves automated liquid processing with stringent washing and short incubation times. The results of the developed assay show that cell lysates of PML-RARα-positive cells (NB-4) can be clearly distinguished from PML-RARα-negative cells (HL-60, MV4-11).
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/isolation & purification
- Granulocyte Precursor Cells/metabolism
- Granulocyte Precursor Cells/pathology
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Microfluidics/methods
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/isolation & purification
- Precision Medicine
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Emde
- Department Hamm 1, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Science, 59063 Hamm, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)2381-8789-443
| | - Heike Kreher
- Micronit GmbH, 44263 Dortmund, Germany; (H.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Nicole Bäumer
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (N.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastian Bäumer
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (N.B.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Lara Tickenbrock
- Department Hamm 1, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Science, 59063 Hamm, Germany;
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Rega R, Mugnano M, Oleandro E, Tkachenko V, del Giudice D, Bagnato G, Ferraro P, Grilli S, Gangemi S. Detecting Collagen Molecules at Picogram Level through Electric Field-Induced Accumulation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3567. [PMID: 32599740 PMCID: PMC7349194 DOI: 10.3390/s20123567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The demand for sensors capable of measuring low-abundant collagen in human fluids has highly increased in recent years. Indeed, collagen is expected to be a biomarker for chronic diseases and could monitor their progression. Here we show detection of highly diluted samples of collagen at picogram level thanks to an innovative pyro-electrohydrodynamic jet (p-jet) system. Through the intense electric fields generated by the pyroelectric effect in a ferroelectric crystal, the collagen solution was concentrated on a small area of a slide that was appropriately functionalized to bind proteins. The collagen molecules were labeled by an appropriate fluorophore to show how the number of tiny droplets influences the limit of detection of the technique. The results show that the p-jet is extremely promising for overcoming the current detection limits of collagen-based products in human fluids, performing 10 times better than the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and thus paving the way for the early diagnosis of related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Rega
- Department of Physical Science and Technology of Matter, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.M.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (D.d.G.); (P.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Martina Mugnano
- Department of Physical Science and Technology of Matter, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.M.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (D.d.G.); (P.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Emilia Oleandro
- Department of Physical Science and Technology of Matter, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.M.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (D.d.G.); (P.F.); (S.G.)
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Volodymyr Tkachenko
- Department of Physical Science and Technology of Matter, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.M.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (D.d.G.); (P.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Danila del Giudice
- Department of Physical Science and Technology of Matter, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.M.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (D.d.G.); (P.F.); (S.G.)
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bagnato
- Division of Pneumology, Papardo Hospital, Contrada Papardo, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Department of Physical Science and Technology of Matter, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.M.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (D.d.G.); (P.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Simonetta Grilli
- Department of Physical Science and Technology of Matter, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.M.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (D.d.G.); (P.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
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Enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni using silica nanocarrier. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3519-3533. [PMID: 31673833 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work is preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with praziquantel (PZQ-Si) in order to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ). Mice were experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni and treated 6 weeks post-infection with PZQ in different doses via either oral or intraperitoneal (IP) routes. PZQ in the same doses orally administered to S. mansoni-infected mice was used as a drug control, and infected and non-infected non-treated mice served as positive and negative controls, respectively. PZQ-Si exhibited good physicochemical attributes in terms of small uniform size (105 nm), spherical shape, and PZQ entrapment efficiency (83%). A maximum antischistosomal effect was achieved using orally administered PZQ-Si as reflected by total worm burden, tissue egg count, oogram pattern, and hepatic granuloma count and diameter. The biomarkers related to liver oxidative stress status and immunomodulatory effect (serum TNF-α and IL-10) were significantly improved. Data obtained implied that IP route was less efficacious for the delivery of PZQ-Si. Encapsulation of PZQ permits the reduction of the used therapeutic dose of PZQ. Hepatic DNA fragmentation, measured by comet assay, was significantly improved in infected mice treated with maximum dose of PZQ-Si as compared to positive or PZQ control groups. The results indicate that mesoporous silica NP is a promising safe nanocarrier for PZQ potentiating its antischistosomal, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory action in animal model infected with S. mansoni. From a practical standpoint, PZQ-Si using a lower dose of PZQ could be suggested for effective PZQ antischistosomal mass chemotherapy.
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7
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Zhang X, Han L, Zong H, Ding K, Yuan Y, Bai J, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Zhu J. Enhanced production of anti-PD1 antibody in CHO cells through transient co-transfection with anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-x L and Mcl-1. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:633-640. [PMID: 29368032 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis has a negative impact on the cell survival state during cell cultivation. To optimize mammalian cell culture for production of biopharmaceuticals, one of the important approaches is to extend cell life through over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Here, we reported a cost-effective process to enhance cell survival and production of an antibody through transient co-transfection with anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-x L or Mcl-1 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with polyethylenimine (PEI). Under the optimal conditions, it showed reduced levels of apoptosis and improved cell viability after co-transfected with Bcl-x L or Mcl-1. The overall production yield of the antibody anti-PD1 increased approximately 82% in CHO cells co-transfected with Bcl-x L , and 34% in CHO cells co-transfected with Mcl-1. This work provides an effective way to increase viability of host cells through delaying apoptosis onset, thus, raise production yield of biopharmaceuticals without the process of generating stable cell lines and subsequent screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexian Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc. 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
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Tangchaikeeree T, Sawaisorn P, Somsri S, Polpanich D, Putaporntip C, Tangboriboonrat P, Udomsangpetch R, Jangpatarapongsa K. Enhanced Sensitivity for Detection of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by magnetic nanoparticles combined with enzyme substrate system. Talanta 2016; 164:645-650. [PMID: 28107985 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The highly sensitive and specific detection of Pfg377 gene of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte using Magnetic Nanoparticles PCR Enzyme-Linked Gene Assay (MELGA) was successfully developed. The MELGA included amplification of the Pfg377 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)-conjugated forward primer and biotinylated reverse primer, followed by post-analytical process using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated streptavidin (SA). The complexes of MELGA product were incubated with the peroxidase substrate and hydrogen peroxide to produce the signal for colorimetric measurement. Altogether, the MELGA technique provided a highly sensitive and specific detection at 1 P. falciparum gametocyte/µL, which was more efficient than that of microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Additionally, the MELGA could detect target gene at femtogram level, which was greater sensitive than the conventional PCR, nested PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The MELGA technique could become a novel and practical method that overcome limitation of traditional gametocyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienrat Tangchaikeeree
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Piamsiri Sawaisorn
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sangdao Somsri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Polpanich
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chaturong Putaporntip
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Rachanee Udomsangpetch
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Manthawornsiri Y, Polpanich D, Yamkamon V, Thiramanas R, Hongeng S, Rerkamnuaychoke B, Jootar S, Tangboriboonrat P, Jangpatarapongsa K. Magnetic Nanoparticles PCR Enzyme-Linked Gene Assay for Quantitative Detection of BCR/ABL Fusion Gene in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:534-42. [PMID: 26667895 PMCID: PMC6807159 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in medical diagnostic research. In this work, two technologies, MNPs and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were combined to increase detection sensitivity and specificity. A novel technique based on the MNPs-PCR enzyme-linked gene assay (MELGA) was developed for detection of the BCR/ABL abnormal gene in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. METHODS An MNPs-labeled BCR forward primer and a biotin-labeled ABL reverse primer were used to specifically amplify the target gene. After magnetic separation, the PCR product bound to MNPs labeled with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase was incubated with the peroxidase substrate and hydrogen peroxide to generate the colorimetric signal. RESULTS When compared with real-time quantitative-PCR (RQ-PCR), the MELGA technique exhibited an increased sensitivity of <1 fg with high specificity for the BCR/ABL fusion gene in CML patients. In addition, MELGA colorimetric results correlated well with the number of copies obtained from RQ-PCR. CONCLUSION This simple and cost-effective technique is suitable for monitoring CML patients during targeted therapy (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) especially in rural hospitals.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Enzyme Assays/methods
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Magnetite Nanoparticles
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duangporn Polpanich
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Vichanan Yamkamon
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Raweewan Thiramanas
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Saengsuree Jootar
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tseng TTC, Gusviputri A, Hoa LNQ. A simple, sensitive and compact electrochemical ELISA for estradiol based on chitosan deposited platinum wire microelectrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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