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Ruan L, Wang G, Qing Lv Z, Li S, Liu Q, Ren Y, Zhang Q, Lv X, Wu R, Ji Z. The effect of varied exercise intensity on antioxidant function, aortic endothelial function, and serum lipids in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA 2022. [DOI: 10.54817/ic.v63n4a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of diet and exercise of different intensities on antioxidant function, aortic endothelial cell function and serum lipids in NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (180-220g) were randomly divided into two experimental groups and fed either a standard rodent chow diet (CON; n=10) or a high-fat diet (HFD; n=40). After 16 weeks, the animals that received the HFD were randomly separated into a high-fat control group (HFC; n=10) or three ex-ercise training groups: HFD and low-intensity exercise (LE; n=10), HFD and moderate-intensity exercise (ME; n=10), and HFD and incremental intensity exercise (IE; n=10). These experimental rats keep sedentary or trained for the next six weeks. A detection kit was used to detect nitric oxide synthase (NOs), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and other markers of aor-tic oxidative stress. The expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry. TC, TG, and other lipid metabolism parameters were detected by an auto-matic analyzer. Exercise with different intensities could improve lipid me-tabolism, enhance antioxidant function, reduce MDA (P<0.01), increase NO (P<0.01), and improve the expression of e-NOS and ET-1 (P<0.01) protein levels in NAFLD rats. Decreased blood lipids were exhibited in all exercise groups. Notably, the moderate-intensity exercise demonstrated more effecton increasing glutathione (GSH) contents (P<0.01) and decreased the ex-pression of ET-1protein levels (P<0.01). The results showed that exercise at different intensities improved lipid metabolism and enhanced anti-oxidation function. Moderate exercise could improve the function of aortic endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ruan
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Qing Lv
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shoubang Li
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Physical Education, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiling Ren
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quancheng Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianli Lv
- College of Physical Education, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongping Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhan Ji
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Ribeiro FM, Silva MA, Lyssa V, Marques G, Lima HK, Franco OL, Petriz B. The molecular signaling of exercise and obesity in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:927170. [PMID: 35966101 PMCID: PMC9365995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.927170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major pandemics of the 21st century. Due to its multifactorial etiology, its treatment requires several actions, including dietary intervention and physical exercise. Excessive fat accumulation leads to several health problems involving alteration in the gut-microbiota-brain axis. This axis is characterized by multiple biological systems generating a network that allows bidirectional communication between intestinal bacteria and brain. This mutual communication maintains the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and microbial systems of animals. Moreover, this axis involves inflammatory, neural, and endocrine mechanisms, contributes to obesity pathogenesis. The axis also acts in appetite and satiety control and synthesizing hormones that participate in gastrointestinal functions. Exercise is a nonpharmacologic agent commonly used to prevent and treat obesity and other chronic degenerative diseases. Besides increasing energy expenditure, exercise induces the synthesis and liberation of several muscle-derived myokines and neuroendocrine peptides such as neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, ghrelin, and leptin, which act directly on the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Thus, exercise may serve as a rebalancing agent of the gut-microbiota-brain axis under the stimulus of chronic low-grade inflammation induced by obesity. So far, there is little evidence of modification of the gut-brain axis as a whole, and this narrative review aims to address the molecular pathways through which exercise may act in the context of disorders of the gut-brain axis due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M. Ribeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maycon A. Silva
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Victória Lyssa
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Henny K. Lima
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L. Franco
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Biotechnology Program, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Petriz
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences - University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Svistunov AA, Osadchuk MA, Mironova ED, Guliaev PV, Vasileva IN. The role of the main risk factors and endocrine cells of the antrum of the stomach producing motilin in the occurrence of cholelithiasis. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:194-199. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To establish the role of the main risk factors and endocrine cells of the antrum of the stomach producing motilin (M-cells) in the occurrence of cholelithiasis.
Materials and methods. The first group included 122 patients with cholelithiasis. The second group consisted of 30 healthy individuals who underwent medical examination. The groups were matched for gender and age. The work analyzed anamnestic, biochemical and anthropometric data. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with targeted biopsy of the mucous membrane from the antrum. Biopsies were subjected to cytological and immunohistochemical studies in order to verify Helicobacter pylori and estimate the number of M-cells.
Results. Patients with cholelithiasis more often belonged to the group of people of mental labor, had low physical activity, were committed to inappropriate nutrition and more often indicated the presence of aggravated heredity for cholelithiasis. Patients with gallstone disease had higher body mass index, waist volume, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, H. pylori infection was more often verified and M-cell hypoplasia in the mucous membrane was established. stomach in comparison with the representatives of the second group.
Conclusion. Our results suggest that certain external factors, nutritional characteristics of the metabolic syndrome components, hypoplasia of M-cells in the gastric mucosa are important factors in the formation of calculi in the gallbladder.
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Cunha LF, Ongaratto MA, Endres M, Barschak AG. Modelling hypercholesterolaemia in rats using high cholesterol diet. Int J Exp Pathol 2021; 102:74-79. [PMID: 33710712 PMCID: PMC7981591 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is a complex condition with multiple causes, including both lifestyle and genetic aspects. It is also a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are responsible for 172 million deaths/year. Although the reasons for hypercholesterolaemia are known, there are many critical questions that remain to be answered so that new therapeutics can be developed. In order to elucidate the pathobiology of this condition, animal models can mimic the pathology of human hypercholesterolaemia. One example of an animal model is induced by the hypercholesterolaemic diet in Wistar rats. The present review first summarizes the current understanding of the metabolic profile involved in hypercholesterolaemia in humans. Next it comments about the lack of consensus as to which hypercholesterolaemia induction protocol should be used. The present work aimed to review experimental studies that induced hypercholesterolaemia in Wistar rats it was not intended to judge the "best" model, since they all achieved the goal of inducing an increase in serum cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Ferracini Cunha
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | | | - Marcelo Endres
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Alethea Gatto Barschak
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazil
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Improving the Metabolic and Mental Health of Children with Obesity: A School-Based Nutrition Education and Physical Activity Intervention in Wuhan, China. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010194. [PMID: 31936767 PMCID: PMC7019828 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based nutrition education and physical activity intervention on cardiovascular risk profile and mental health outcomes among Chinese children with obesity. Two primary schools were randomly allocated to the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG). We selected children with obesity from 1340 students in the third and fourth grades as participants. The IG received 8 months of nutrition education and physical activity intervention, while the CG was waitlisted. A generalized estimating equation model was applied to assess repeated variables over time. A total of 171 children with obesity (99 IG and 72 CG) aged 9.8 ± 0.7 years completed the post-intervention stage. Compared with baseline, significant reductions were observed within the IG for depression and fasting plasma glucose at post-intervention. After adjusting for confounders, group and time interaction effects showed that the IG achieved improvements in the risk of poor well-being (p = 0.051) and social anxiety (p = 0.029), had decreased diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.020) and fasting plasma glucose (p < 0.001), and had significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001) from baseline to post-intervention relative to the CG. The effects of school-based nutrition education and physical activity intervention on children with obesity are diverse, including not only the improvement of metabolic health but also mental health promotion.
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Erchen Decoction Ameliorates Lipid Metabolism by the Regulation of the Protein CAV-1 and the Receptors VLDLR, LDLR, ABCA1, and SRB1 in a High-Fat Diet Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5309490. [PMID: 30402126 PMCID: PMC6196931 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5309490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is a common metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal lipid levels in blood. Erchen decoction (ECD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which is used for the treatment of diseases caused by retention of phlegm dampness. It has been reported to ameliorate the disorder of lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of ECD in lipid metabolism disorder induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. ECD (4.35g/kg/d) and atorvastatin (10mg/kg/d, positive control) were orally administered to HFD-fed rats for four weeks. The parameters, food, water consumption, body weight, body length, liver, and visceral fat weight and the content of serum lipids and lipid transporters were assessed. The effects of ECD on the mRNA and protein expression levels of lipid transport factors were measured by real-time PCR and western blotting. The present study demonstrated that ECD improved the disorders of serum lipid and lipid transporters in HFD-fed rats, TG (0.70±0.08 mmol/L, p<0.01), LDL-C (1.50±0.19 mmol/L, p<0.01), LDL (1.38±0.21 mmol/L, p<0.05), and oxLDL (1.77±0.39 ng/mL, p<0.05) were downregulated, while HDL-C (0.87±0.13 mmol/L, p<0.01), FFA (0.62±0.13 mmol/L, p<0.05), HDL (38.8±4.0 mg/dL, p<0.05), and CETP (903.6±120.0 ng/mL, p<0.05) were upregulated. But ECD obviously had no effects on the indices food/water/energy intake, body/tissue (liver and fat) weight, and BMI (p>0.05). Concomitantly, ECD reversed the abnormal expressions of those lipid transport factors in the liver and visceral fat.
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Rocha B, Rodrigues AR, Tomada I, Martins MJ, Guimarães JT, Gouveia AM, Almeida H, Neves D. Energy restriction, exercise and atorvastatin treatment improve endothelial dysfunction and inhibit miRNA-155 in the erectile tissue of the aged rat. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:28. [PMID: 29686722 PMCID: PMC5902942 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction underlies cardiovascular disease that frequently affects aged individuals. Characterized by local decrease in nitric oxide, it results from down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression/activity. Aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in age-related endothelial dysfunction and to unveil potential therapeutic targets, we tested how diet pattern, exercise and atorvastatin modulate the expression of eNOS, inducible NOS (iNOS), endothelin-1, sirtuins (SIRT) and microRNA-155 in the erectile tissue of high-fat fed aged rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley male rats fed with high-fat diet until they completed 12 months were grouped and subjected to energy restriction (ER), ER and atorvastatin, or, ER, atorvastatin and physical exercise. Controls were fed with standard rodent chow. The blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method before sacrifice at 18 months. Glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, triglyceride and CRP were assessed in blood and eNOS, endothelin-1, iNOS and sirtuins were detected by immunofluorescence in the penis sections; eNOS, endothelin-1, iNOS, SIRT2-4 and SIRT6-7 were semi-quantified by western blotting in tissue homogenates. MicroRNA-155 was quantified using RT-PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections. To compare the studied variables, two-tail student t test was used. Results Atorvastatin promotes eNOS expression and is more efficient than ER or exercise in the control of hyperlipidemia and inflammation. Among the studied sirtuins, detected for the first time in the erectile tissue of the aged rat, SIRT2 aligns with eNOS expression. Both proteins exhibit over-expression in animals with combined exercise, atorvastatin and ER. Analysis of microRNA-155 expression also suggests its intervention in the regulation of eNOS expression. ER, particularly when combined with atorvastatin, was able to reverse the increase of iNOS and endothelin-1 in high-fat fed rats. Conclusions The present results indicate that the association of ER, atorvastatin and exercise is more efficient than isolated interventions in the prevention of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rocha
- 1Department of Biomedicine - Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - A R Rodrigues
- 1Department of Biomedicine - Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - I Tomada
- 1Department of Biomedicine - Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,3Faculty of Biotechnology, Portuguese Catholic University, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.,Hospital CUF Porto, Estrada da Circunvalação, 14341, 4100-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - M J Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,5Department of Biomedicine - Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - J T Guimarães
- 5Department of Biomedicine - Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,6Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.,Clinical Pathology Department of São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Gouveia
- 1Department of Biomedicine - Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,8Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - H Almeida
- 1Department of Biomedicine - Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - D Neves
- 1Department of Biomedicine - Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Gao HT, Cheng WZ, Xu Q, Shao LX. Dietary restriction reduces blood lipids and ameliorates liver function of mice with hyperlipidemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rai S, Bhatnagar S. Hyperlipidemia, Disease Associations, and Top 10 Potential Drug Targets: A Network View. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:152-68. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Rai
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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10
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Zhuang Y, Mao JQ, Yu M, Dong LY, Fan YL, Lv ZQ, Xiao MD, Yuan ZX. Hyperlipidemia induces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation involving Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Biol Int 2015; 40:121-30. [PMID: 26346812 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia has been shown to stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in embryonic development and cell proliferation. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high-fat or normal diet for 12 weeks were sacrificed, and the thoracic aorta was harvested to determine wnt3a, β-catenin, T-cell factor 4 (TCF4), and cyclin D1 expressions. VSMC proliferation within thoracic aorta and lipid accumulation within VSMCs were detected. Rat aortic VSMCs were cultured in serum from rats with hyperlipidemia or DKK-1; Wnt3a, β-catenin, TCF4, and cyclin D1 expressions, and cell cycle distribution were determined. The findings demonstrated that increased number of VSMCs, lipid droplets, and vacuoles within thoracic aorta in the high-fat-fed group. Compared with controls, VSMCs from high-fat-fed rats showed higher mRNA expressions of wnt3a, β-catenin, TCF4, and cyclin D1, as well as in VSMCs cultured with hyperlipidemic serum. After 24 h, VSMCs stimulated with hyperlipidemic serum showed significantly increased cell number and S-phase entry compared with cells exposed to normolipidemic serum. These effects were blocked by DKK-1. These results suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in hyperlipidemia-induced VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiang Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Li-Ya Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Yong-Liang Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qian Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Ming-Di Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Zhong-Xiang Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
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Ge J, Wang J, Xue D, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Li X, Su D, Du J. Why does a high-fat diet induce preeclampsia-like symptoms in pregnant rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1872-80. [PMID: 25206496 PMCID: PMC4145971 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.20.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in neurotransmitter levels in the brain play an important role in epilepsy-like attacks after pregnancy-induced preeclampsia-eclampsia. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 participates in the onset of lipid metabolism disorder-induced preeclampsia. Pregnant rats were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 days. Thus, these pregnant rats experienced preeclampsia-like syndromes such as tension and proteinuria. Simultaneously, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated in the rat hippocampus. These findings indicate that increased sion of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 promotes the occurrence of high-fat diet-induced preeclampsia in pregnant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China ; The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army No. 202 Hosiptal, Shenyang 110003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zhu
- Dantu District Sanitary Supervision Institute, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Provicne, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Liberation Army No. 202 Hosiptal, Shenyang 110003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dongfeng Su
- Department of Neurology, the 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
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Seo DY, Kwak HB, Lee SR, Cho YS, Song IS, Kim N, Bang HS, Rhee BD, Ko KS, Park BJ, Han J. Effects of aged garlic extract and endurance exercise on skeletal muscle FNDC-5 and circulating irisin in high-fat-diet rat models. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:177-82. [PMID: 24741402 PMCID: PMC3988507 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Irisin, a newly identified hormone, is associated with energy homeostasis. We investigated whether aged garlic extract (AGE) and exercise training intervention could improve body weight, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle fibronectin domain containing protein 5 (FNDC-5) levels, and plasma irisin in high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS/METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a ND (normal diet, n = 5) or HFD (n = 28) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups for the next 4 weeks: ND, (normal diet, n = 5), HFD (high-fat diet, n = 7), HFDA (high-fat diet + aged garlic extract, n = 7), HFDE (high-fat diet + exercise, n = 7), and HFDEA (high-fat diet + exercise + aged garlic extract, n = 7). Exercise groups performed treadmill exercises for 15-60 min, 5 days/week, and AGE groups received AGE (2.86 g/kg, orally injected) for 4 weeks. RESULTS Significant decreases in body weight were observed in the ND, HFDE, and HFDEA groups, as compared with the HFD group. Neither intervention affected the masses of the gastrocnemius muscle or liver. There were no significant differences in glucose levels across the groups. The homeostatic model assessments of insulin resistance were significantly higher in the HFD group, as compared with the ND, HFDA, HFDE, and HFDEA groups. However, skeletal muscle FNDC-5 levels and plasma irisin concentrations were unaffected by AGE or exercise in obese rats. AGE supplementation and exercise training did not affect skeletal muscle FNDC-5 or plasma irisin, which are associated with insulin sensitivity in obese rats. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the protection against HFD-induced increases in body fat/weight and insulin resistance that are provided by AGE supplementation and exercise training may not be mediated by the regulation of FNDC-5 or irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yun Seo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Bokji-ro 75, Busanjin, Busan 633-165, Korea
| | - Hyo Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Bokji-ro 75, Busanjin, Busan 633-165, Korea
| | - Yeun Suk Cho
- Department of Physical Education, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
| | - In-Sung Song
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Bokji-ro 75, Busanjin, Busan 633-165, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Bokji-ro 75, Busanjin, Busan 633-165, Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Bang
- Division of Humanities and Social Science, POSTECH, Gyecngbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Bokji-ro 75, Busanjin, Busan 633-165, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Bokji-ro 75, Busanjin, Busan 633-165, Korea
| | - Byung Joo Park
- Division of Leisure & Sports Science, Dongseo University, Busan 617-716, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Bokji-ro 75, Busanjin, Busan 633-165, Korea
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13
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Gugerell A, Kober J, Laube T, Walter T, Nürnberger S, Grönniger E, Brönneke S, Wyrwa R, Schnabelrauch M, Keck M. Electrospun poly(ester-Urethane)- and poly(ester-Urethane-Urea) fleeces as promising tissue engineering scaffolds for adipose-derived stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90676. [PMID: 24594923 PMCID: PMC3942471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An irreversible loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in patients after tumor removal or deep dermal burns makes soft tissue engineering one of the most important challenges in biomedical research. The ideal scaffold for adipose tissue engineering has yet not been identified though biodegradable polymers gained an increasing interest during the last years. In the present study we synthesized two novel biodegradable polymers, poly(ε-caprolactone-co-urethane-co-urea) (PEUU) and poly[(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)-co-(L-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate)-block-oligo(ethylene glycol)-urethane] (PEU), containing different types of hydrolytically cleavable bondings. Solutions of the polymers at appropriate concentrations were used to fabricate fleeces by electrospinning. Ultrastructure, tensile properties, and degradation of the produced fleeces were evaluated. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were seeded on fleeces and morphology, viability, proliferation and differentiation were assessed. The biomaterials show fine micro- and nanostructures composed of fibers with diameters of about 0.5 to 1.3 µm. PEUU fleeces were more elastic, which might be favourable in soft tissue engineering, and degraded significantly slower compared to PEU. ASCs were able to adhere, proliferate and differentiate on both scaffolds. Morphology of the cells was slightly better on PEUU than on PEU showing a more physiological appearance. ASCs differentiated into the adipogenic lineage. Gene analysis of differentiated ASCs showed typical expression of adipogenetic markers such as PPARgamma and FABP4. Based on these results, PEUU and PEU meshes show a promising potential as scaffold materials in adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Gugerell
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Johanna Kober
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Sylvia Nürnberger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Traumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Grönniger
- Research Department Applied Skin Biology, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Brönneke
- Research Department Applied Skin Biology, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wyrwa
- Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e. V., Jena, Germany
| | | | - Maike Keck
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Zhou J, Yoshitomi H, Liu T, Zhou B, Sun W, Qin L, Guo X, Huang L, Wu L, Gao M. Isoquercitrin activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal pathway in rat H4IIE cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:42. [PMID: 24490657 PMCID: PMC3914011 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Isoquercitrin, a flavonoid compound that is widely distributed in medicinal and dietary plants, possesses many biological activities, including inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of isoquercitrin on lipid accumulation and its molecular mechanisms in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells. Methods To investigate the effect of isoquercitrin on lipid accumulation, H4IIE cells were induced by FFA and the total lipid levels were detected by Oil Red O staining. Furthermore, The protein levels of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the gene expressions of transcriptional factor, lipogenic genes, and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) were analyzed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. To further confirm the pathway of isoquercitrin-mediated hepatic lipid metabolism, H4IIE cells were treated with an AMPK inhibitor and AdipoR1 siRNA. Results Isoquercitrin significantly enhances AMPK phosphorylation, downregulates sterol regulatory element binding protein transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expressions. Pretreatment with AMPK inhibitor, significantly decreased the AMPK phosphorylation and increased FAS expression stimulated by isoquercitrin. Isoquercitrin might also upregulate the expression of AdipoR1 dose-dependently via AMPK in the presence of an AMPK inhibitor and AdipoR1 siRNA. Conclusions Isoquercitrin appears to regulate AMPK activation, thereby enhancing AdipoR1 expression, suppressing SREBP-1 and FAS expressions, and resulting in the regulation of lipid accumulation. These results suggest that isoquercitrin is a novel dietary compound that can be potentially be used to prevent lipid metabolic disorder and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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15
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Chen S, Zhou H, Lin M, Mi R, Li L. Decoction vs extracts-mixed solution: effect of yiqihuoxue formula on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2014; 33:513-7. [PMID: 24187874 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats of the decoction of Yiqihuoxue formula and the solution prepared with the extracts from the individual herbal medicines of the formula. METHODS The rat models of NAFLD were established with high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the model group, the decoction group and the solution group, 8 for each group. From the 6th week, drinking water, the decoction and the solution were intragastrically administrated accordingly to the rats for 5 weeks. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were observed with Hematoxylin and eosin staining, triglyceride levels in liver tissues measured, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity measured, and serum gastrin and motilin tested. RESULTS Fatty degeneration and vacuole-like changes to various degrees occurred in hepatic cells of the model group. Indicators for fat metabolism, serum ALT activity and hepatic triglyceride level significantly increased, while serum gastrin and motilin levels significantly decreased. Serum ALT activity and the fatty deposition in hepatocytes were significantly reduced. In the meantime, the expressions of gastrin and motilin in the serum rose significantly in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION Both the decoction and the extracts-mixed solution had effect on NAFLD of protecting the liver function and reducing the fatty deposition in liver, which might be achieved by regulating the expression of gastrin and motilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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