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Wiebe D, Limberg MM, Gray N, Raap U. Basophils in pruritic skin diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213138. [PMID: 37465674 PMCID: PMC10350488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils are rare cells in the peripheral blood which have the capability to infiltrate into the skin. Invasion of basophils has been detected in pruritic skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, chronic spontaneous urticaria and contact dermatitis. In the skin, basophils are important players of the inflammatory immune response, as they release Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, subsequently inducing the early activation of T-cells. Further, basophils release a multitude of mediators, such as histamine and IL-31, which both play an important role in the initiation of the pruritic response via activation of sensory nerves. Chronic pruritus significantly affects the quality of life and the working capability of patients, though its mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. Since basophils and neurons share many receptors and channels, bidirectional interaction mechanisms, which drive the sensation of itch, are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wiebe
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maren M. Limberg
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Gray
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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2
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Sonder SU, Plassmeyer M, Loizou D, Alpan O. Towards standardizing basophil identification by flow cytometry. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1133378. [PMID: 36938328 PMCID: PMC10020589 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1133378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basophils normally make up <2% of the white blood cells (WBC). There is no clear consensus for basophil identification by flow cytometry. The increased demand for basophil activation test (BAT) to identifying and monitoring allergic patients highlights the need for a standardized approach to identify basophils. Methods Using flow cytometry we analyzed whole blood stained with antibodies against: IgE, CD123, CD193, CD203c, CD3, HLADR, FcɛRI, CRTH2 and CD45. We examined unstimulated blood as well as blood stimulated with Anti-IgE and fMLP. Finally, we compared the results to a complete blood count (CBC) from an FDA approved hematological analyzer. Results Basophil identification relying on just one surface marker performed worse than approaches utilizing two identification markers. The percentage of basophils from WBC determined by flow cytometry results had a good correlation with the CBC results even though the CBC results were generally higher. Stimulating whole blood with the basophil activators did not interfere with the basophil identification markers. Conclusion In flow cytometry assays, two surface markers should be used for identifying basophils and if a very pure basophil fraction is desired a third marker can be considered. In our hands the approaches that included CD123 in combination with either CD193, HLADRnegative or FcɛRI performed the best.
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E-Cadherin Expression Distinguishes Mouse from Human Hematopoiesis in the Basophil and Erythroid Lineages. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111706. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a key regulator of epithelial cell–cell adhesion, the loss of which accelerates tumor growth and invasion. E-cadherin is also expressed in hematopoietic cells as well as epithelia. The function of hematopoietic E-cadherin is, however, mostly elusive. In this study, we explored the validity of mouse models to functionally investigate the role of hematopoietic E-cadherin in human hematopoiesis. We generated a hematopoietic-specific E-cadherin knockout mouse model. In mice, hematopoietic E-cadherin is predominantly expressed within the basophil lineage, the expression of which is dispensable for the generation of basophils. However, neither E-cadherin mRNA nor protein were detected in human basophils. In contrast, human hematopoietic E-cadherin marks the erythroid lineage. E-cadherin expression in hematopoiesis thereby revealed striking evolutionary differences between the basophil and erythroid cell lineage in humans and mice. This is remarkable as E-cadherin expression in epithelia is highly conserved among vertebrates including humans and mice. Our study therefore revealed that the mouse does not represent a suitable model to study the function of E-cadherin in human hematopoiesis and an alternative means to study the role of E-cadherin in human erythropoiesis needs to be developed.
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Piñeiro-Salvador R, Vazquez-Garza E, Cruz-Cardenas JA, Licona-Cassani C, García-Rivas G, Moreno-Vásquez J, Alcorta-García MR, Lara-Diaz VJ, Brunck MEG. A cross-sectional study evidences regulations of leukocytes in the colostrum of mothers with obesity. BMC Med 2022; 20:388. [PMID: 36316769 PMCID: PMC9624055 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastmilk is a dynamic fluid whose initial function is to provide the most adapted nutrition to the neonate. Additional attributes have been recently ascribed to breastmilk, with the evidence of a specific microbiota and the presence of various components of the immune system, such as cytokines and leukocytes. The composition of breastmilk varies through time, according to the health status of mother and child, and altogether contributes to the future health of the infant. Obesity is a rising condition worldwide that creates a state of systemic, chronic inflammation including leukocytosis. Here, we asked whether colostrum, the milk produced within the first 48 h post-partum, would contain a distinct leukocyte composition depending on the body mass index (BMI) of the mother. METHODS We collected peripheral blood and colostrum paired samples from obese (BMI > 30) and lean (BMI < 25) mothers within 48 h post-partum and applied a panel of 6 antibodies plus a viability marker to characterize 10 major leukocyte subpopulations using flow cytometry. RESULTS The size, internal complexity, and surface expression of CD45 and CD16 of multiple leukocyte subpopulations were selectively regulated between blood and colostrum irrespective of the study groups, suggesting a generalized cell-specific phenotype alteration. In obesity, the colostrum B lymphocyte compartment was significantly reduced, and CD16+ blood monocytes had an increased CD16 expression compared to the lean group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first characterization of major leukocyte subsets in colostrum of mothers suffering from obesity and the first report of colostrum leukocyte subpopulations in Latin America. We evidence various significant alterations of most leukocyte populations between blood and colostrum and demonstrate a decreased colostrum B lymphocyte fraction in obesity. This pioneering study is a stepping stone to further investigate active immunity in human breastmilk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Piñeiro-Salvador
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vazquez-Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000 Poniente, Col. Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Cruz-Cardenas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtémoc Licona-Cassani
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000 Poniente, Col. Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Moreno-Vásquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000 Poniente, Col. Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mario René Alcorta-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000 Poniente, Col. Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Hospital Regional Materno-Infantil, SSNL, OPD, Ciudad Guadalupe, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Victor Javier Lara-Diaz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000 Poniente, Col. Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Marion E G Brunck
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. .,The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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5
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McKenzie CI, Varese N, Aui PM, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Thien F, Hew M, Rolland JM, O’Hehir RE, Zelm MC. CytoBas: Precision component-resolved diagnostics for allergy using flow cytometric staining of basophils with recombinant allergen tetramers. Allergy 2021; 76:3028-3040. [PMID: 33772805 PMCID: PMC8518718 DOI: 10.1111/all.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic tests for allergy rely on detecting allergen-specific IgE. Component-resolved diagnostics incorporate multiple defined allergen components to improve the quality of diagnosis and patient care. OBJECTIVE To develop a new approach for determining sensitization to specific allergen components that utilizes fluorescent protein tetramers for direct staining of IgE on blood basophils by flow cytometry. METHODS Recombinant forms of Lol p 1 and Lol p 5 proteins from ryegrass pollen (RGP) and Api m 1 from honeybee venom (BV) were produced, biotinylated, and tetramerized with streptavidin-fluorochrome conjugates. Blood samples from 50 RGP-allergic, 41 BV-allergic, and 26 controls were incubated with fluorescent protein tetramers for flow cytometric evaluation of basophil allergen binding and activation. RESULTS Allergen tetramers bound to and activated basophils from relevant allergic patients but not controls. Direct fluorescence staining of Api m 1 and Lol p 1 tetramers had greater positive predictive values than basophil activation for BV and RGP allergy, respectively, as defined with receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves. Staining intensities of allergen tetramers correlated with allergen-specific IgE levels in serum. Inclusion of multiple allergens coupled with distinct fluorochromes in a single-tube assay enabled rapid detection of sensitization to both Lol p 1 and Lol p 5 in RGP-allergic patients and discriminated between controls, BV-allergic, and RGP-allergic patients. CONCLUSION Our novel flow cytometric assay, termed CytoBas, enables rapid and reliable detection of clinically relevant allergic sensitization. The intensity of fluorescent allergen tetramer staining of basophils has a high positive predictive value for disease, and the assay can be multiplexed for a component-resolved and differential diagnostic test for allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig I. McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Nirupama Varese
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Pei M. Aui
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Immune Therapies Group Burnet Institute Melbourne Australia
- Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Philip Mark Hogarth
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Immune Therapies Group Burnet Institute Melbourne Australia
- Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Francis Thien
- Respiratory Medicine Eastern HealthBox Hill and Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Mark Hew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Alfred Health Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Rolland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Robyn E. O’Hehir
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Alfred Health Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Menno C. Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Alfred Health Melbourne VIC Australia
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Diverse innate stimuli activate basophils through pathways involving Syk and IκB kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019524118. [PMID: 33727419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019524118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature basophils play critical inflammatory roles during helminthic, autoimmune, and allergic diseases through their secretion of histamine and the type 2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13. Basophils are activated typically by allergen-mediated IgE cross-linking but also by endogenous "innate" factors. The aim of this study was to identify the innate stimuli (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, hormones, neuropeptides, metabolites, and bacterial products) and signaling pathways inducing primary basophil activation. Basophils from naïve mice or helminth-infected mice were cultured with up to 96 distinct stimuli and their influence on basophil survival, activation, degranulation, and IL-4 or IL-13 expression were investigated. Activated basophils show a heterogeneous phenotype and segregate into distinct subsets expressing IL-4, IL-13, activation, or degranulation markers. We find that several innate stimuli including epithelial derived inflammatory cytokines (IL-33, IL-18, TSLP, and GM-CSF), growth factors (IL-3, IL-7, TGFβ, and VEGF), eicosanoids, metabolites, TLR ligands, and type I IFN exert significant direct effects on basophils. Basophil activation mediated by distinct upstream signaling pathways is always sensitive to Syk and IκB kinases-specific inhibitors but not necessarily to NFAT, STAT5, adenylate cyclase, or c-fos/AP-1 inhibitors. Thus, basophils are activated by very diverse mediators, but their activation seem controlled by a core checkpoint involving Syk and IκB kinases.
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7
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Santos AF, Alpan O, Hoffmann H. Basophil activation test: Mechanisms and considerations for use in clinical trials and clinical practice. Allergy 2021; 76:2420-2432. [PMID: 33475181 DOI: 10.1111/all.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The basophil activation test (BAT) is a functional assay that measures the degree of degranulation following stimulation with allergen or controls by flow cytometry. It correlates directly with histamine release. From the dose-response curve resulting from BAT in allergic patients, basophil reactivity (%CD63+ basophils) and basophil sensitivity (EC50 or similar) are the main outcomes of the test. BAT takes into account all characteristics of IgE and allergen and thus can be more specific than sensitization tests in the diagnosis of allergic disease. BAT reduces the need for in vivo procedures, such as intradermal tests and allergen challenges, which can cause allergic reactions of unpredictable severity. As it closely reflects the patients' phenotype in most cases, it may be used to support the diagnosis of food, venom and drug allergies and chronic urticaria, to monitor the natural resolution of food allergies and to predict and monitor clinical the response to immunomodulatory treatments, such as allergen-specific immunotherapy and biologicals. Clinical application of BAT requires analytical validation, clinical validation, standardization of procedures and quality assurance to ensure reproducibility and reliability of results. Currently, efforts are ongoing to establish a platform that could be used by laboratories in Europe and in the USA for quality assurance and certification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F. Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
- Children's Allergy ServiceEvelina London Children's HospitalGuy's and St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | | | - Hans‐Jürgen Hoffmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
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Shah H, Eisenbarth S, Tormey CA, Siddon AJ. Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab008. [PMID: 35919744 PMCID: PMC9327101 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Though basophils were originally viewed as redundant blood ‘mast cells’, the implementation of flow cytometry has established basophils as unique leukocytes with critical immunomodulatory functions. Basophils play an active role in allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, and hematological malignancies. They are distinguishable from other leukocytes by their characteristic metachromatic deep-purple cytoplasmic, round granules. Mature basophils are phenotypically characterized by surface expression of IL-3Rα (CD123); IL-3 drives basophil differentiation, degranulation, and synthesis of inflammatory mediators including type 2 cytokines. Basophil degranulation is the predominant source of histamine in peripheral blood, promoting allergic responses. Basophils serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by secreting IL-4 which supports eosinophil migration, monocyte differentiation into macrophages, B-cell activation, and CD4 T-cell differentiation into Th2 cells. Further, basophilia is a key phenomenon in myeloid neoplasms, especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for which it is a diagnostic criterion. Increased circulating basophils, often with aberrant immunophenotype, have been detected in patients with CML and other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The significance of basophils’ immunoregulatory functions in malignant and non-malignant diseases is an active area of research. Ongoing and future research can inform the development of immunotherapies that target basophils to impact allergic, autoimmune, and malignant disease states. This review article aims to provide an overview of basophil biology, identification strategies, and roles and dysregulation in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemali Shah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Alexa J Siddon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Restivo V, Candore G, Barrale M, Caravello E, Graziano G, Onida R, Raineri M, Tiralongo S, Brusca I. Allergy to Polyethilenglicole of Anti-SARS CoV2 Vaccine Recipient: A Case Report of Young Adult Recipient and the Management of Future Exposure to SARS-CoV2. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050412. [PMID: 33919151 PMCID: PMC8143141 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main contraindication to the anti-SARS CoV2 vaccine is an anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine component. The need to vaccinate allergic people who are at higher risk can be of public health interest and this report shows a case of an allergic reaction to PEG of a HCW who had received the first dose of anti-SARS CoV2 vaccine. For 5 h after the administration of the vaccine, she had the appearance of erythematous spots on the face and neck, and a feeling of a slurred mouth and hoarseness. In order to treat the event, she was administered 8 mg intravenous dexamethasone, 1 vial intravenous chlorphenamine maleate, 250 mL intravenous 0.9% NaCl, and conventional oxygen therapy (2 L/min) with complete resolution of the suspected adverse drug reaction. According to the contraindication to the cutaneous test for this patient, BAT was used for further investigations. The patient who suffered the adverse reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine and other five allergic patients who did not report any adverse reaction after the vaccination were tested. There was a significant activation of the vaccine-reactive patient’s basophils with 14.79 CD203chigh% at the concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, while other patients were negative. People who have a confirmed reaction to a vaccine component should undergo further investigation to discover other possible cross-reactions and select the right vaccine to immunize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Restivo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maria Barrale
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, “Buccheri La Ferla” Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.O.); (I.B.)
| | - Ester Caravello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Giorgio Graziano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Rosa Onida
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, “Buccheri La Ferla” Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.O.); (I.B.)
| | - Maurizio Raineri
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Tiralongo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Ignazio Brusca
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, “Buccheri La Ferla” Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.O.); (I.B.)
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10
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Malachowski T, Hassel A. Engineering nanoparticles to overcome immunological barriers for enhanced drug delivery. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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11
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Basophil activation test in interstitial nephritis. Some comments. Nefrologia 2019; 40:480-481. [PMID: 31627972 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ikuno T, Ito S, Inoue T. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mast cells useful for in vitro mast cell activation assay exhibiting phenotypes and morphological characteristics of human mast cells. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:789-797. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shunsuke Ito
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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13
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Vella A. On the reliability of the
CD
123‐endowed basophil activation test (BAT) and its application in food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1068-1070. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - G. Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Mo i Rana Norway
| | - A. Vella
- Section of Immunology AOUI Policlinico GB Rossi Verona Italy
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14
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Sabogal-Cuadro P, Zakzuk J. Prueba de activación de basófilos: aspectos técnicos, metodológicos y su utilidad clínica. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v66n3.61820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La prueba de activación de basófilos (PAB) se considera una técnica confiable y segura para el diagnóstico de problemas alérgicos.Objetivo. Profundizar en el estado del arte de la PAB y su utilidad clínica.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura mediante la búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos y metabuscadores Ovid Medline, Google Scholar y PubMed, sin limitar la búsqueda por fecha, idioma o tipo de artículo. Se buscaron artículos sobre los detalles técnicos de la PAB y su utilidad clínica en el manejo de las enfermedades alérgicas.Resultados. De los marcadores de activación, CD63 ha sido el más estudiado y es el que mejor representa un evento de degranulación anafiláctica, mientras que CD203c es representativo de varias formas de degranulación. La superioridad de uno sobre otro como prueba diagnóstica depende del problema alérgico estudiado. En cuanto a los métodos de detección de basófilos, su selección con un único marcador, CCR3, se propone como una opción con buena relación de costo-efectividad.Conclusiones. La PAB es una herramienta prometedora para evaluar en clínica las reacciones alérgicas de forma segura. Es necesario una mayor estandarización de protocolos para obtener resultados más reproducibles.
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de Ruiter K, van Staveren S, Hilvering B, Knol E, Vrisekoop N, Koenderman L, Yazdanbakhsh M. A field-applicable method for flow cytometric analysis of granulocyte activation: Cryopreservation of fixed granulocytes. Cytometry A 2018. [PMID: 29533506 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation granulocytes upregulate several adhesion molecules (CD11b) and granule proteins (CD35, CD66b) and shed surface l-selectin (CD62L). These changes in expression, as assessed by flow cytometry, can be used as markers for activation. Whereas these markers are usually studied in fresh blood samples, a new method is required when samples are collected at a field site with no direct access to a flow cytometer. Therefore, we developed and tested a field-applicable method in which fixed leukocytes were cryopreserved. Using this method, the intensity of granulocyte activation markers was compared to samples that were either stained fresh, or fixed prior to staining but not cryopreserved. In addition, the response to an in vitro stimulation with fMLF was determined. While we observed differences in marker intensities when comparing fresh and fixed granulocytes, similar intensities were found between fixed cells that had been cryopreserved and fixed cells that did not undergo cryopreservation. Although fixation using FACS lysing solution might lead to membrane permeabilization, activation markers, and the responsiveness to fMLF or eotaxin could still be clearly measured. This method will, therefore, enable future studies of granulocyte activation in settings with limited resources and will allow simultaneous analysis of samples collected at different time points. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Ruiter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Selma van Staveren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Hilvering
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Knol
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Remington B, Broekman HCH, Blom WM, Capt A, Crevel RWR, Dimitrov I, Faeste CK, Fernandez-Canton R, Giavi S, Houben GF, Glenn KC, Madsen CB, Kruizinga AK, Constable A. Approaches to assess IgE mediated allergy risks (sensitization and cross-reactivity) from new or modified dietary proteins. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:97-107. [PMID: 29258956 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and introduction of new dietary protein sources has the potential to improve food supply sustainability. Understanding the potential allergenicity of these new or modified proteins is crucial to ensure protection of public health. Exposure to new proteins may result in de novo sensitization, with or without clinical allergy, or clinical reactions through cross-reactivity. In this paper we review the potential of current methodologies (in silico, in vitro degradation, in vitro IgE binding, animal models and clinical studies) to address these outcomes for risk assessment purposes for new proteins, and especially to identify and characterise the risk of sensitization for IgE mediated allergy from oral exposure. Existing tools and tests are capable of assessing potential crossreactivity. However, there are few possibilities to assess the hazard due to de novo sensitization. The only methods available are in vivo models, but many limitations exist to use them for assessing risk. We conclude that there is a need to understand which criteria adequately define allergenicity for risk assessment purposes, and from these criteria develop a more suitable battery of tests to distinguish between proteins of high and low allergenicity, which can then be applied to assess new proteins with unknown risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H C H Broekman
- Dep. Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), P.O. Box 85500, The Netherlands
| | | | - A Capt
- Bayer SAS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - R W R Crevel
- Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Bedford, UK
| | - I Dimitrov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, 1000 Bulgaria
| | - C K Faeste
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Fernandez-Canton
- Monsanto Europe S.A., Avenue de Tervuren 270-272, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Giavi
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - K C Glenn
- Monsanto Company, 800 N. Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
| | - C B Madsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | | | - A Constable
- Nestec Ltd, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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17
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UDP/P2Y6 receptor signaling regulates IgE-dependent degranulation in human basophils. Allergol Int 2017; 66:574-580. [PMID: 28318884 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P2Y purinergic receptors (P2YR) are G protein-coupled receptors that are stimulated by extracellular nucleotides. They mediate cellular effects by regulating cAMP production, protein kinase C activation, inositol trisphosphate generation, and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. The P2Y6 receptor of this family is selectively stimulated by UDP, and selectively inhibited by MRS2578. In the present study, we examined the effect of UDP/P2Y6 receptor signaling on IgE-dependent degranulation in human basophils. METHODS Basophils were purified from human peripheral blood. The mRNA expression of genes encoding P2YR and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ENTPDase) was measured by RT-PCR. Intracellular Ca2+ influx via UDP/P2Y6 receptor signaling in basophils was detected using a calcium probe. The effect of UDP/P2Y6 receptor signaling on IgE-dependent degranulation in basophils was confirmed by measuring CD63 expression by flow cytometry. Autocrine secretion of nucleotides was detected by HPLC analysis. RESULTS We showed that purified basophils express P2Y6 mRNA and that UDP increased intracellular Ca2+, which was reduced by MRS2578 treatment. UDP promoted IgE-dependent degranulation. Furthermore, MRS2578 inhibited IgE-dependent degranulation in basophils. HPLC analysis indicated that basophils spontaneously secrete UTP. In addition, basophils expressed the extracellular nucleotide hydrolases ENTPDase2, ENTPDase3, and ENTPDase8. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that UDP/P2Y6 receptor signaling is involved in the regulation of IgE-dependent degranulation in basophils, which might stimulate the P2Y6 receptor via the autocrine secretion of UTP. Thus, this receptor represents a potential target to regulate IgE-dependent degranulation in basophils during allergic diseases.
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18
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Santos AF, Shreffler WG. Road map for the clinical application of the basophil activation test in food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1115-1124. [PMID: 28618090 PMCID: PMC5601249 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy based solely on the clinical history and the documentation of specific IgE to whole allergen extract or single allergens is often ambiguous, requiring oral food challenges (OFCs), with the attendant risk and inconvenience to the patient, to confirm the diagnosis of food allergy. This is a considerable proportion of patients assessed in allergy clinics. The basophil activation test (BAT) has emerged as having superior specificity and comparable sensitivity to diagnose food allergy, when compared with skin prick test and specific IgE. BAT, therefore, may reduce the number of OFC required for accurate diagnosis, particularly positive OFC. BAT can also be used to monitor resolution of food allergy and the clinical response to immunomodulatory treatments. Given the practicalities involved in the performance of BAT, we propose that it can be applied for selected cases where the history, skin prick test and/or specific IgE are not definitive for the diagnosis of food allergy. In the cases that the BAT is positive, food allergy is sufficiently confirmed without OFC; in the cases that BAT is negative or the patient has non‐responder basophils, OFC may still be indicated. However, broad clinical application of BAT demands further standardization of the laboratory procedure and of the flow cytometry data analyses, as well as clinical validation of BAT as a diagnostic test for multiple target allergens and confirmation of its feasibility and cost‐effectiveness in multiple settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Santos
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, King's College London/Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - W G Shreffler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Schwager C, Kull S, Behrends J, Röckendorf N, Schocker F, Frey A, Homann A, Becker WM, Jappe U. Peanut oleosins associated with severe peanut allergy-importance of lipophilic allergens for comprehensive allergy diagnostics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1331-1338.e8. [PMID: 28342912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is one of the most common and most severe food allergies in Western countries and its accurate diagnosis to prevent potential life-threatening allergic reactions is crucial. However, aqueous extracts used for routine diagnostic measurements are devoid of lipophilic allergens such as oleosins. We have recently succeeded in the isolation and purification of these unique proteins, and the present study evaluates their allergenic potential and clinical relevance. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess allergenicity and sensitization prevalence of oleosins obtained from both raw and in-shell roasted peanuts. In addition, we tested the utilization of natural and recombinant oleosins for allergy diagnostic purposes. METHODS Oleosin sensitization, prevalence, and impact of thermal processing were analyzed by immunoblot with sera from 52 peanut-allergic individuals displaying different clinical phenotypes. The application of natural and recombinant oleosins for allergy diagnostics was investigated by basophil activation test (BAT). IgE-binding epitopes were identified by oligopeptide microarray. RESULTS Sensitization to oleosins was observed exclusively in peanut-allergic subjects suffering from severe systemic reactions. IgE-binding capacity of oleosins derived from in-shell roasted peanuts was increased as shown by immunoblot analysis and BAT. Both natural and recombinant molecules can be used to identify oleosin-sensitized patients by BAT. A linear epitope of Ara h 15 was determined that displays high similarity to other seed-derived oleosins. CONCLUSIONS Oleosins are clinically relevant peanut allergens and most likely associated with severe allergic symptoms. In-shell roasting increases their allergenicity, which is consistent with the observation that most allergic reactions are in connection with roasted peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwager
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Skadi Kull
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Jochen Behrends
- Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Niels Röckendorf
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Frauke Schocker
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Andreas Frey
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Arne Homann
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Wolf-Meinhard Becker
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
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20
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Chirumbolo S. Basophil Activation Test for Chronic Urticaria. Ann Lab Med 2017; 36:499-500. [PMID: 27374719 PMCID: PMC4940497 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2016.36.5.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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21
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Chirumbolo S. Basophil activation test in oral desensitization to cow's milk allergy. United European Gastroenterol J 2016; 4:714-715. [PMID: 27733914 DOI: 10.1177/2050640615614793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent paper by Nucera et al., showed that the basophil activation test (BAT) in flow cytometry is able to monitor an acquired tolerance induced by a desensitization treatment in food allergy. The paper by Nucera et al. reported two standpoints in the CD63 response to food allergy and OAT and their large difference in CD63 response before and after suggests for the optimal performance of a CD123/HLADR/CD63 BAT in oral food allergy immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona Laboratory of Physiopathology of Obesity, Verona, Italy
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22
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Mukai K, Gaudenzio N, Gupta S, Vivanco N, Bendall SC, Maecker HT, Chinthrajah RS, Tsai M, Nadeau KC, Galli SJ. Assessing basophil activation by using flow cytometry and mass cytometry in blood stored 24 hours before analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:889-899.e11. [PMID: 27527263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophil activation tests (BATs) have promise for research and for clinical monitoring of patients with allergies. However, BAT protocols vary in blood anticoagulant used and temperature and time of storage before testing, complicating comparisons of results from various studies. OBJECTIVE We attempted to establish a BAT protocol that would permit analysis of blood within 24 hours of obtaining the sample. METHODS Blood from 46 healthy donors and 120 patients with peanut allergy was collected into EDTA or heparin tubes, and samples were stored at 4°C or room temperature for 4 or 24 hours before performing BATs. RESULTS Stimulation with anti-IgE or IL-3 resulted in strong upregulation of basophil CD203c in samples collected in EDTA or heparin, stored at 4°C, and analyzed 24 hours after sample collection. However, a CD63hi population of basophils was not observed in any conditions in EDTA-treated samples unless exogenous calcium/magnesium was added at the time of anti-IgE stimulation. By contrast, blood samples collected in heparin tubes were adequate for quantification of upregulation of basophil CD203c and identification of a population of CD63hi basophils, irrespective of whether the specimens were analyzed by means of conventional flow cytometry or cytometry by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and such tests could be performed after blood was stored for 24 hours at 4°C. CONCLUSION BATs to measure upregulation of basophil CD203c and induction of a CD63hi basophil population can be conducted with blood obtained in heparin tubes and stored at 4°C for 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Sheena Gupta
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Nora Vivanco
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Rebecca S Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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23
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Chirumbolo S. Commentary: The Expression of CD123 Can Decrease with Basophil Activation: Implications for the Gating Strategy of the Basophil Activation Test. Front Immunol 2016; 7:260. [PMID: 27456009 PMCID: PMC4935682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement-University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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24
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Santos AF, Bécares N, Stephens A, Turcanu V, Lack G. The expression of CD123 can decrease with basophil activation: implications for the gating strategy of the basophil activation test. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:11. [PMID: 27042292 PMCID: PMC4818434 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Basophil activation test (BAT) reproduces IgE-mediated allergic reactions in vitro and has been used as a diagnostic test. Different markers can be used to identify basophils in whole blood and have implications for the outcome of the test. We aimed to assess changes in the expression of CD123 and HLA-DR following basophil activation and to select the best gating strategy for BAT using these markers. Methods BAT was performed in whole blood from 116 children. Peanut extract, anti-IgE, anti-FcεRI or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanin (fMLP) was used for stimulation. Surface expression of CD123, HLA-DR, CD63 and CD203c was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results In some cases, gating on CD123+/HLA-DR− led to the loss-to-analysis of basophils in conditions where basophils were activated. Adding CD203c as an identification marker restored the cell number. Basophils remained HLA-DR-negative with activation. CD123 expression decreased following stimulation with fMLP (n = 116, p < 0.001), anti-IgE (n = 104, p < 0.001) and peanut (n = 42, p < 0.001). The decrease in the mean fluorescence intensity of CD123 correlated with the up-regulation of basophil activation markers, CD63 (rs = −0.31, p < 0.001) and CD203c (rs = −0.35, p < 0.001). BAT to peanut gating basophils on CD203c+/CD123+/HLA-DR− reduced the false-negatives (1 vs. 5 %) and showed a higher diagnostic accuracy compared to using CD123+/HLA-DR− (97 vs. 91 %). CD203c+ appeared as an alternative gating strategy allowing two-colour BAT. Conclusions
Basophils of a subset of patients down-regulate CD123 with activation. The use of CD203c before gating on CD123+/HLA-DR− cells or in isolation ensures the identification of the entire basophil population and accurate assessment of basophil activation, with important diagnostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Santos
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK ; Immunoallergology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal ; Gulbenkian Programme for Advanced Medical Education, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natalia Bécares
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Alick Stephens
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Victor Turcanu
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Gideon Lack
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, 2nd Floor, Stairwell B, South Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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25
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Santos AF, Lack G. Basophil activation test: food challenge in a test tube or specialist research tool? Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:10. [PMID: 26981234 PMCID: PMC4791855 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral food challenge (OFC) is the gold-standard to diagnose food allergy; however, it is a labour and resource-intensive procedure with the risk of causing an acute allergic reaction, which is potentially severe. Therefore, OFC are reserved for cases where the clinical history and the results of skin prick test and/or specific IgE do not confirm or exclude the diagnosis of food allergy. This is a significant proportion of patients seen in Allergy clinics and results in a high demand for OFC. The basophil activation test (BAT) has emerged as a new diagnostic test for food allergy. With high diagnostic accuracy, it can be particularly helpful in the cases where skin prick test and specific IgE are equivocal and may allow reducing the need for OFC. BAT has high specificity, which confers a high degree of certainty in confirming the diagnosis of food allergy and allows deferring the performance of OFC in patients with a positive BAT. The diagnostic utility of BAT is allergen-specific and needs to be validated for different allergens and in specific patient populations. Standardisation of the laboratory methodology and of the data analyses would help to enable a wider clinical application of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK ; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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26
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Iwamoto T, Okamoto A, Ishinaga H, Shimizu K, Gayle AA, Arai N, Takeuchi K, Okuda M. A novel approach to predict cetuximab-induced hypersensitivity reaction: detection of drug-specific IgE on basophils. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1004-12. [PMID: 26880699 PMCID: PMC4924357 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab is remarkable for the relatively high rate and severity of hypersensitivity reactions (HR) being reported in the literature. Screening for cetuximab-specific IgE in serum via immunoassay has been found to be useful in preventing HR; however, these tests are known to have a low positive predictive rate. In an attempt to remedy this, we evaluated the interaction between cetuximab and IgE on basophils for predicting severe cetuximab-induced HR. Twelve head and neck cancer patients were enrolled in this single-institution study: four with a history of cetuximab-induced HR and eight with no such history. Cetuximab-specific and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) specific IgEs in serum were measured in vitro using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgE-cetuximab binding on basophils was also analyzed to evaluate the decrease in cetuximab molecules on basophils after dissociation of IgE from FcεRI. The positive predictive value associated with the presence of cetuximab- or α-gal-specific IgE in serum was found to be only 0.67, whereas the negative predictive value was 1.00. On the other hand, in all four patients who developed HR, the cetuximab molecules on basophils were decreased significantly due to the dissociation of IgE from basophils (P < 0.05). However, this was not the case in patients who did not develop HR. In conclusion, our results strongly imply that the IgE-cetuximab interaction on basophils may be key to developing improved methods for predicting severe cetuximab-induced HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akiharu Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishinaga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kasumi Shimizu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Alberto A Gayle
- Center for Medical and Nursing Education, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naoya Arai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okuda
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Alexander V, MacGlashan D. The relationship between total cellular content of CD203c and cell surface expression on human basophils. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1138-41. [PMID: 25818197 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Alexander
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D MacGlashan
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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28
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Whritenour J, Casinghino S, Collinge M, Zhu X. Nonclinical Tools to Assess Risk of Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:561-76. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Whritenour
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340;
| | - S. Casinghino
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340;
| | - M. Collinge
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340;
| | - X. Zhu
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340;
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29
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Tang P, Chen Q, Lan Q, Chen Y, Yang H, An N, Xiao H, Liu H, Wu P, Xie T, Pan Q. Role of basophils in rheumatoid arthritis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1567-1571. [PMID: 26136859 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The T helper (Th)1/Th2 imbalance plays a crucial role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is well known that basophils can affect the Th1/Th2 balance by enhancing the Th2 response, while impairing the Th1 response, which is known to be involved in the development of a number of diseases. However, limited information is available with regard to the role of basophils in RA. Decreased levels of circulating basophils and a dominant Th1 response have been reported in adult patients with RA, while children with juvenile RA have been largely found to have increased levels of circulating basophils and a dominant Th2 response. Furthermore, the circulating basophils in the two conditions have an activated phenotype and are associated with disease activity. In addition, a longitudinal study found the Th2 response was dominant in the early stages of RA, while the Th1 response was dominant in long-term chronic RA. These observations indicate that basophils may be involved in the development of RA by affecting the Th1/Th2 balance, particularly in the early stages of RA. Therefore, targeting basophils may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RA; however, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Tang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhua Chen
- Department of Rheumatism, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qiaofen Lan
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Haijuan Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Ning An
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xie
- Department of Rheumatism, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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30
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Santos AF, Douiri A, Bécares N, Wu SY, Stephens A, Radulovic S, Chan SMH, Fox AT, Du Toit G, Turcanu V, Lack G. Basophil activation test discriminates between allergy and tolerance in peanut-sensitized children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:645-52. [PMID: 25065721 PMCID: PMC4164910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the peanut-sensitized children do not have clinical peanut allergy. In equivocal cases, oral food challenges (OFCs) are required. However, OFCs are laborious and not without risk; thus, a test that could accurately diagnose peanut allergy and reduce the need for OFCs is desirable. OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of basophil activation test (BAT) as a diagnostic marker for peanut allergy. METHODS Peanut-allergic (n = 43), peanut-sensitized but tolerant (n = 36) and non-peanut-sensitized nonallergic (n = 25) children underwent skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) to peanut and its components. BAT was performed using flow cytometry, and its diagnostic performance was evaluated in relation to allergy versus tolerance to peanut and validated in an independent population (n = 65). RESULTS BAT in peanut-allergic children showed a peanut dose-dependent upregulation of CD63 and CD203c while there was no significant response to peanut in peanut-sensitized but tolerant (P < .001) and non-peanut-sensitized nonallergic children (P < .001). BAT optimal diagnostic cutoffs showed 97% accuracy, 95% positive predictive value, and 98% negative predictive value. BAT allowed reducing the number of required OFCs by two-thirds. BAT proved particularly useful in cases in which specialists could not accurately diagnose peanut allergy with SPT and sIgE to peanut and to Arah2. Using a 2-step diagnostic approach in which BAT was performed only after equivocal SPT or Arah2-sIgE, BAT had a major effect (97% reduction) on the number of OFCs required. CONCLUSIONS BAT proved to be superior to other diagnostic tests in discriminating between peanut allergy and tolerance, particularly in difficult cases, and reduced the need for OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Santos
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Immunoallergology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal; Gulbenkian Programme for Advanced Medical Education, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Abdel Douiri
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Bécares
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alick Stephens
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzana Radulovic
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M H Chan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam T Fox
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Du Toit
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Turcanu
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Lack
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Pediatric Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
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Pelikan Z. Expression of surface markers on the blood cells during the delayed asthmatic response to allergen challenge. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY (PROVIDENCE, R.I.) 2014; 5:96-109. [PMID: 24988283 PMCID: PMC4124585 DOI: 10.2500/ar.2014.5.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with bronchial asthma develop various types of asthmatic response to bronchial challenge with allergen, such as immediate/early asthmatic response (IAR), late asthmatic response (LAR) or delayed asthmatic response (DYAR), because of different immunologic mechanisms. The DYAR, occurring between 24 and 56 hours after the bronchial allergen challenge (p < 0.01), differs from IAR and LAR in clinical as well as immunologic features. This study investigates the expression of CD molecules (markers) on the surface of particular cell populations in the peripheral blood and their changes during the DYAR. In 17 patients developing the DYAR (p < 0.01), the bronchial challenge with allergen was repeated 2-6 weeks later. The repeated DYAR (p < 0.001) was combined with recording of CD molecule expression on various types of blood cells by means of flow cytometry up to 72 hours after the challenge. The results were expressed in percent of the mean relative fluorescence intensity. The DYAR was accompanied by (a) increased expression of CD11b, CD11b/18, CD16,CD32, CD35, CD62E, CD62L, CD64, and CD66b on neutrophils; CD203C on basophils; CD25 and CD62L on eosinophils; CD14, CD16, CD64, and CD86 on monocytes; CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11a, CD18, and CD69 on lymphocytes; CD16, CD56, CD57, and CD94 on natural killer (NK) cells; and CD31, CD41, CD61, CD62P, and CD63 on thrombocytes and (b) decreased expression of CD18 and CD62L on eosinophils, CD15 on neutrophils, and CD40 on lymphocytes. These results suggest involvement of cell-mediated hypersensitivity mechanism, on participation of Th1- lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, and thrombocytes in the DYAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Pelikan
- From the Allergy Research Foundation, Breda, The Netherlands
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32
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Chirumbolo S. Immunotherapy in allergy and cellular tests: state of art. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:1595-610. [PMID: 24717453 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basophil activation test (BAT) is an in vitro assay where the activation of basophils upon exposure to various IgE-challenging molecules is measured by flow cytometry. It is a cellular test able to investigate basophil behavior during allergy and allergy immunotherapy. A panoply of critical issues and suggestive advances have rendered this assay a promising yet puzzling tool to endeavor a full comprehension of innate immunity of allergy desensitization and manage allergen or monoclonal anti-IgE therapy. In this review a brief state of art of BAT in immunotherapy is described focusing onto the analytical issue pertaining BAT performance in allergy specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona; Verona, Italy; Laboratory of Physiopathology of Obesity; Depertment of Medicine-University of Verona; LURM Est Policlinico GB Rossi; Verona, Italy
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Chirumbolo S. Major pitfalls in BAT performance may be caused by gating protocols and CD63% cut off evaluation. Cytometry A 2014; 85:382-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, University Laboratory of Medical Research-LURM est; Verona 37134 Italy
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34
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Dijkstra D, Hennig C, Hansen G, Biller H, Krug N, Hohlfeld JM. Identification and quantification of basophils in the airways of asthmatics following segmental allergen challenge. Cytometry A 2014; 85:580-7. [PMID: 24733663 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During asthma attacks, allergens activate sensitized basophils in the lung, thereby aggravating symptoms. Due to the paucity of basophils in bronchial lavage fluid and the lack of specific basophil detection and quantification methods, basophil-directed research in these samples was hampered in the past. This study aimed to establish and validate a flow cytometry-based basophil detection and quantification method for human basophils from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood as a prerequisite for a better understanding of their pathogenic contribution and subtyping of asthma phenotypes. BAL and blood leukocytes from seasonal asthmatics were analyzed by flow cytometry. Chipcytometry, a highly sensitive single-cell analysis method, was used to validate the staining panel for basophils. Cell differentials of May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained cytospins were used to compare basophil percentages. BAL basophils are identifiable as CD123(+) HLA-DR(-) CD3(-) CD14(-) CD19(-) CD20(-) CD56(-) cells in flow cytometrical analysis. Their identity was validated by Chipcytometry. CD203c was highly expressed by BAL basophils, whereas it was expressed at variable levels on blood basophils. The two quantification methods correlated, although more basophils were detected by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the increase in basophil percentages in the lung correlated with the decrease in the basophil percentages in the blood after allergen challenge. We here validated a reliable basophil quantification method, which is independent of the cell's activation and degranulation state. The results obtained with this method indicate that basophils are directly recruited from the blood circulation to the airway lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Dijkstra
- Department of Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
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35
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Hagau N, Gherman-Ionica N, Sfichi M, Petrisor C. Threshold for basophil activation test positivity in neuromuscular blocking agents hypersensitivity reactions. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2013; 9:42. [PMID: 24499278 PMCID: PMC4029498 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-9-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several different criteria for the positivity of the flow-assisted Basophil Activation Test (BAT) for the diagnosis of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBA) hypersensitivity reactions have been used in past studies. Our aims were to determine the threshold for BAT positivity expressed as the stimulation index (SI, calculated as the percentage of activated basophils after stimulation with NMBA divided by the number of basophils with no NMBA stimulation) and as the percentage of activated basophils, and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of BAT for NMBAs. Methods 22 consenting adult patients with previous intraanaesthetic NMBAs-related hypersensitivity reactions were tested for the culprit drug. 34 controls who tolerated NMBAs were similarly tested. BAT was performed using Flow2Cast technique and the up-regulation of the CD63 marker on the basophils was measured using Cell Quest programme (FACSCalibur Becton Dickinson, USA). Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis was performed. Results ROC curve analysis for BAT results versus history yields a stimulation index of 1.76 as the optimal threshold, with an AUC of 0.81 (CI 95% 0.69-0.93, p < 0.01) and a percentage of activated basophils > 5.01%, with an AUC of 0.84 (CI 95% 0.72-0.95, p < 0.01). Considering both thresholds (the SI ≥ 1.76 together with the percentage of activated basophils > 5%) as diagnostic criteria, 15 patients had positive BAT, the overall BAT sensitivity being 68.18% (CI 95% 45.11-82.26%). None of the controls fulfilled both criteria and the specificity of the test was 100% (CI 95% 87.35-100%). Conclusions With a stimulation index ≥ 1.76 and a percentage of activated basophils > 5.01% as threshold, the performance of BAT for NMBAs yields 68.18% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hagau
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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36
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Basophil activation testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:777-87. [PMID: 23958648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Both the treatment of patients with allergic diseases and the study of allergic disease mechanisms depend on a wide variety of assays that in various ways assess the presence and function of IgE antibody. The study of allergic diseases could benefit from the study of its 2 principle cellular participants, mast cells and basophils, but the basophil is more accessible than mast cells for ex vivo studies. Its functionality is tested by using 2 predominant methodologies: the secretion of mediators of allergic inflammation and the expression of proteins on the plasma membrane after stimulation. Each approach has benefits. There are also many operational details to consider regardless of which general approach is taken, and proper interpretation of the methods requires a good understanding of the reagents used and the receptors expressed on basophils and a detailed understanding of the factors regulating aggregation of cell-surface IgE.
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Falkencrone S, Poulsen LK, Bindslev-Jensen C, Woetmann A, Odum N, Poulsen BC, Blom L, Jensen BM, Gibbs BF, Yasinska IM, Sumbayev VV, Skov PS. IgE-mediated basophil tumour necrosis factor alpha induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 from monocytes. Allergy 2013; 68:614-20. [PMID: 23573943 DOI: 10.1111/all.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated activation of mast cells has been reported to induce the release of tumour necrosis alpha (TNF-α), which may display autocrine effects on these cells by inducing the generation of the tissue remodelling protease matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). While mast cells and basophils have been shown to express complementary and partially overlapping roles, it is not clear whether a similar IgE/TNF-α/MMP-9 axis exists in the human basophil. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate whether IgE-mediated activation of human basophils induces TNF-α and MMP-9 release. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), isolated basophils and monocytes were stimulated up to 21 h with anti-IgE. Mediator releases were assessed by ELISA, and surface expressions of mediators were detected by flow cytometry. Upregulation of cytokine production was detected by Western blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS IgE-mediated activation of basophils induced the synthesis and release of both TNF-α and MMP-9 from PBMC. In contrast, IgE-mediated activation of purified basophils induced the release and cellular expression of TNF-α but not MMP-9. Isolated monocytes did not release MMP-9 upon anti-IgE stimulation, but MMP-9 release was induced by stimulating monocytes with supernatants from activated basophils, and this release was inhibited by anti-TNF-α neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSION Our results strongly indicate that human basophils release TNF-α following IgE-dependent activation and that this cytokine subsequently stimulates MMP-9 release from monocytes. These findings support a direct involvement of basophils in inflammation as well as suggesting a role for the basophil in tissue remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Falkencrone
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital; Odense; Denmark
| | - L. K. Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte; Denmark
| | - C. Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital; Odense; Denmark
| | - A. Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - N. Odum
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | | | - L. Blom
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte; Denmark
| | - B. M. Jensen
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte; Denmark
| | - B. F. Gibbs
- Medway School of Pharmacy; University of Kent; Chatham Maritime; UK
| | - I. M. Yasinska
- Medway School of Pharmacy; University of Kent; Chatham Maritime; UK
| | - V. V. Sumbayev
- Medway School of Pharmacy; University of Kent; Chatham Maritime; UK
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Gyimesi E, Gönczi F, Szilasi M, Pál G, Baráth S, Sipka S. The effects of various doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the expression of CD63 and the release of histamine by basophils of atopic and non-atopic patients. Inflamm Res 2012; 62:213-8. [PMID: 23109053 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the effect of various doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) on the expression of CD63 and the in vitro release of histamine by basophils stimulated with ragweed allergen in patients with or without ragweed and mite allergies. METHODS The peripheral blood of 11 patients with ragweed allergy, 10 patients with mite allergy and 14 control patients was incubated with ragweed allergen extract following pretreatment with varying doses of LPS. The expression of CD63 in basophils was measured by flow cytometry, and the release of histamine was determined by ELISA. RESULTS In the samples of patients with ragweed allergy that were exposed to specific allergen, only high doses of LPS significantly elevated the expression of CD63 (200 ng/ml; 1,000 EU/ml) and the release of histamine (2,000 ng/ml; 10,000 EU/ml). There was no effect of LPS in any other cases. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial LPS (endotoxin) concentrations higher than 200 ng/ml (1,000 EU/ml), which rarely occurs in nature, could only activate the basophils from atopic patients whilst in the presence of the specific allergen. Thus, the restoration of the urban, "microbe-poor" milieu with endotoxin (as LPS) can be a promising and harmless approach for allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gyimesi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zs U. 22, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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39
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MacGlashan D. Marked differences in the signaling requirements for expression of CD203c and CD11b versus CD63 expression and histamine release in human basophils. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:243-52. [PMID: 22722613 DOI: 10.1159/000332150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many techniques are being used to examine the status of circulating human basophils including the enhanced expression of a variety of cell surface proteins. There is accumulating evidence that there are at least two compartments containing these activation marker proteins but there are only some indications for the signaling requirements for each of the compartments. This study began with published reports by other investigators who potentially dissociated CD63 expression from anaphylactic degranulation with the p38 inhibitor, SB203580, a possible falsification of a previously proposed hypothesis regarding CD63 expression. To explore the signaling requirements for CD63, a variety of pharmacological agents were used to inhibit or enhance 4 endpoints of basophil activation. First, it was found that inhibition of both histamine release and CD63 expression with SB203580 was concordant. But it was also found that this agent had no effect on increased expression of CD203c and CD11b. Actin polymerization inhibitors caused marked enhancement of CD63 expression (concordant with their effects on degranulation) with no effect on expression of CD203c and CD11b. The third generation syk inhibitor, NVP-QAB205, showed a 5-fold lower potency for inhibiting expression of CD203c and CD11b than for CD63. Finally, while desensitization of CD11b and CD203c expression occurs, it is slower than desensitization of the CD63 response. Taken together, these various observations demonstrate a marked difference in the early signaling requirements for the CD11b/CD203c compartment and CD63 degranulation and provide support for the hypothesis that CD11b and CD203c reside in a similar compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald MacGlashan
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. dmacglas @ jhmi.edu
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40
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Chirumbolo S. Basophil Activation Test in Allergy: Time for an Update? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 158:99-114. [DOI: 10.1159/000331312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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41
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Ebo DG, Bridts CH, Mertens CH, Hagendorens MM, Stevens WJ, De Clerck LS. Analyzing histamine release by flow cytometry (HistaFlow): A novel instrument to study the degranulation patterns of basophils. J Immunol Methods 2012; 375:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Chirumbolo S. Monitoring of CD63% in basophil activation test and suggested new parameters for allergy diagnosis. Inflamm Res 2011; 61:171-6. [PMID: 22205176 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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State-of-the-art review about basophil research in immunology and allergy: is the time right to treat these cells with the respect they deserve? BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2011; 10:148-64. [PMID: 22244003 DOI: 10.2450/2011.0020-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Chirumbolo S. CD164 and other recently discovered activation markers as promising tools for allergy diagnosis: what’s new? Clin Exp Med 2011; 11:255-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-011-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Böhm I, Speck U, Schild HH. Pilot study on basophil activation induced by contrast medium. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 25:267-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chirumbolo S, Ortolani R, Vella A. CCR3 as a single selection marker compared to CD123/HLADR to isolate basophils in flow cytometry: Some comments. Cytometry A 2010; 79:102-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chirumbolo S, Zanoni G, Ortolani R, Vella A. In vitro Biphasic Effect of Honey Bee Venom on Basophils from Screened Healthy Blood Donors. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2010; 3:58-61. [PMID: 21217927 PMCID: PMC3005321 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apis mellifera L. bee venom is the most studied hymenoptera allergen, but many aspects of its action on human basophils remain unclear. Allergologists seek evidence of the effectiveness of bee venom immunotherapy as this approach is the chosen treatment for systemic allergic reactions. The effect of bee venom on human basophils in vitro has not been studied in detail for many reasons, including the paucity of basophils in peripheral blood, inter-individual basophil response variability, and the reliability and predictability of basophil activation tests. We conducted a brief preliminary survey of the effect of Apis bee venom on healthy asymptomatic (non-allergic) subjects. A dose of an aqueous commercial extract of Apis bee venom as high as 10 µg/mL activated resting basophils (CD63=+80-90%, CD203c=+30%), while it inhibited the expression of CD63 (-50%) following basophil stimulation by the soluble agonists formyl-Met-Leu-Phe or anti-IgE. The activation of resting basophils appeared to be dose-related. Only when basophils were activated with an IgE-mediated agonist, did bee venom extract exhibit a possible priming mechanism at the lowest doses used only via CD63, while it was ineffective via CD203c. Autocrine interleukin-3 may play a role in the observed biphasic behavior.
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Chirumbolo S, Marzotto M, Conforti A, Vella A, Ortolani R, Bellavite P. Bimodal action of the flavonoid quercetin on basophil function: an investigation of the putative biochemical targets. Clin Mol Allergy 2010; 8:13. [PMID: 20849592 PMCID: PMC2949734 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7961-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids, a large group of polyphenolic metabolites derived from plants have received a great deal of attention over the last several decades for their properties in inflammation and allergy. Quercetin, the most abundant of plant flavonoids, exerts a modulatory action at nanomolar concentrations on human basophils. As this mechanism needs to be elucidated, in this study we focused the possible signal transduction pathways which may be affected by this compound. Methods: K2-EDTA derived leukocyte buffy coats enriched in basophil granulocytes were treated with different concentrations of quercetin and triggered with anti-IgE, fMLP, the calcium ionophore A23187 and the phorbol ester PMA in different experimental conditions. Basophils were captured in a flow cytometry analysis as CD123bright/HLADRnon expressing cells and fluorescence values of the activation markers CD63-FITC or CD203c-PE were used to produce dose response curves. The same population was assayed for histamine release. Results Quercetin inhibited the expression of CD63 and CD203c and the histamine release in basophils activated with anti-IgE or with the ionophore: the IC50 in the anti-IgE model was higher than in the ionophore model and the effects were more pronounced for CD63 than for CD203c. Nanomolar concentrations of quercetin were able to prime both markers expression and histamine release in the fMLP activation model while no effect of quercetin was observed when basophils were activated with PMA. The specific phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin exhibited the same behavior of quercetin in anti-IgE and fMLP activation, thus suggesting a role for PI3K involvement in the priming mechanism. Conclusions These results rule out a possible role of protein kinase C in the complex response of basophil to quercetin, while indirectly suggest PI3K as the major intracellular target of this compound also in human basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, sect, General Pathology, strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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MacGlashan D. Expression of CD203c and CD63 in human basophils: relationship to differential regulation of piecemeal and anaphylactic degranulation processes. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:1365-77. [PMID: 20633031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of human basophils results in the release of many different mediators and the expression of new cell surface proteins. The markers CD63 and CD203c have been used in recent years to assess basophil activation but there have been many studies that demonstrate that expression of these markers can be dissociated from histamine release. OBJECTIVE To determine the signal transduction requirements for CD203c and CD63 expression. METHODS The current study began by exploring the dependency of CD203c and CD63 expression on protein kinase C (PKC) using known selective inhibitors of PKC. RESULTS Between 30 and 300 nm, Ro-31-8220 and bisindoylmaleimide II (Bis II) had no effect on formyl-met-leu-phe- or anti-IgE-induced CD63 or CD203c but enhanced IgE-mediated expression of CD63 by an average of 15-fold at concentrations >1 microm. These results led to the suggestion that these inhibitors altered the normal pathways of degranulation (by a non-PKC dependent mechanism), shifting the normal presence of piecemeal degranulation to the process termed anaphylactic degranulation (AND). Morphological studies demonstrated that concentrations of Ro-31-8220 and Bis II>1 mum dramatically increased the presence of degranulation sacs, a morphological feature of AND. CONCLUSION It is proposed that CD63 expression results from only the AND form of histamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- D MacGlashan
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Antigen-driven basophil activation is indicative of early Necator americanus infection in IgE-seronegative patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:1343-50.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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