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Mesbah F, Bordbar H, Talaei Khozani T, Dehghani F, Mirkhani H. The non-preventive effects of human menopausal gonadotropins on ovarian tissues in Nandrolone decanoate-treated female rats: A histochemical and ultra-structural study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018; 16:159-174. [PMID: 29766147 PMCID: PMC5944438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The follicular growth and development may be affected by abused drugs. Nandrolone decanoate (ND) as an anabolic androgenic steroid can damage the morphological and functional features of the ovary and may lead to reproductive failure. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effects of synchronized and non-synchronized administration of Human Menopausal Gonadotropins (hMG) with ND on ovarian tissue and level of sex hormones in the adult female rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty adult female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. The five experimental groups received 3 and/or 10 mg/kg of ND synchronized and non-synchronized with 10 IU of hMG and hMG alone. The two shams and control groups received solvents of ND and hMG. The animals' serum levels of Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, progesterone and estrogen and the weight, volume and dimensions of the ovaries were measured. The ovaries were prepared for apoptosis assessment and morphological study. RESULTS The ovarian volume and sex hormones in the experimental groups were decreased, but ovarian weight and dimensions didn't change. The rate of apoptosis was increased in the experimental groups as follows; a low and high dose of ND synchronized with hMG 48.80±18.70 and 65.20±14.20 respectively vs. Sham 1, 33.20±17.80, a low and high dose of ND non-synchronized with hMD 55.80±17.20 and 75.20±14.30 respectively vs. Sham 2, 31.60±32.40 groups, p˂0.01. Follicular and stromal cells were damaged in the experimental groups except for the hMG group. CONCLUSION Administration of ND decreased the serum level of Luteinizing hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone and estrogen and damaged ovarian tissue irreversibly and irreparably and hMG cannot prevent the destruction of the follicles in the adult female rats. This can be a serious warning to women who abuse ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhroddin Mesbah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Bordbar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Talaei Khozani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Dehghani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Mirkhani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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von Wolff M, Stute P, Eisenhut M, Marti U, Bitterlich N, Bersinger NA. Serum and follicular fluid testosterone concentrations do not correlate, questioning the impact of androgen supplementation on the follicular endocrine milieu. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 35:616-623. [PMID: 28821386 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Basic research into a possible link between serum and follicular fluid androgen concentrations to detemine whether androgen supplementation in low responders affects follicular endocrine milieu is still lacking. Ninety-seven women (aged 28-43 years) undergoing one natural IVF cycle without any hormone stimulation were analysed. Serum and follicular fluid were collected at the time of follicle aspiration, and the concentrations of LH, total testosterone, oestradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were determined. Serum LH (P = 0.003) and AMH (P = 0.026) concentrations, and follicular fluid AMH (P = 0.015) decreased with increasing age. Within follicular fluid, total testosterone was correlated with oestradiol (P < 0.001) and AMH (P = 0.010); LH correlated with AMH (P = 0.005). Correlation analysis of serum and follicular fluid hormone concentrations revealed that LH, oestradiol and AMH correlated (P < 0.001), whereas testosterone did not. Testosterone serum concentrations did not correlate with other follicular fluid hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone, oestradiol and AMH, whereas serum LH correlated with follicular flulid AMH (P < 0.008). Follicular fluid hormone concentrations seem to be independent from serum testosterone. Therefore, it is questionable whether an increase in serum testosterone concentration by androgen supplementation could improve the follicular endocrine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael von Wolff
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Petra Stute
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Eisenhut
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Marti
- MCL, Medical Laboratories, Freiburgstrasse 634, 3172 Niederwangen, Switzerland
| | | | - Nick A Bersinger
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Wu G, Bersinger NA, Mueller MD, von Wolff M. Intrafollicular inflammatory cytokines but not steroid hormone concentrations are increased in naturally matured follicles of women with proven endometriosis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:357-364. [PMID: 28074436 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess whether the intrafollicular cytokine profile in naturally developed follicles is different in women with endometriosis, possibly explaining the lower reproductive outcome in endometriosis patients. METHODS A matched case-control study was conducted at a university-based infertility and endometriosis centre. The study population included 17 patients with laparoscopically and histologically confirmed endometriosis (rAFS stages II-IV), each undergoing one natural cycle IVF (NC-IVF) treatment cycle between 2013 and 2015, and 17 age-matched NC-IVF women without diagnosed endometriosis (control group). Follicular fluid and serum was collected at the time of follicle aspiration. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-18, TNF-α) and hormones (testosterone, estradiol, AMH) were determined in follicular fluid and serum by single or multiplexed immunoassay and compared between both groups. RESULTS In the follicular fluid, IL-1β and IL-6 showed significantly (P < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively) higher median concentrations in the endometriosis group than in the control group and a tendency towards endometriosis severity (rAFS stage) dependence. The levels of the interleukins detectable in follicular fluid were significantly higher than those in the serum (P < 0.01). Follicular estradiol concentration was lower in severe endometriosis patients than in the control group (P = 0.036). Follicular fluid IL-1β and IL-6 levels were not correlated with estradiol in the same compartment in neither patient group. CONCLUSIONS In women with moderate and severe endometrioses, some intrafollicular inflammatory cytokines are upregulated and not correlated with intrafollicular hormone concentrations. This might be due to the inflammatory microenvironment in endometriosis women, affecting follicular function and thereby possibly contributing to the reproductive dysfunction in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxiang Wu
- Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - N A Bersinger
- Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M D Mueller
- Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M von Wolff
- Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Imamichi Y, Yuhki KI, Orisaka M, Kitano T, Mukai K, Ushikubi F, Taniguchi T, Umezawa A, Miyamoto K, Yazawa T. 11-Ketotestosterone Is a Major Androgen Produced in Human Gonads. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3582-3591. [PMID: 27428878 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) is a novel class of active androgen. However, the detail of its synthesis remains unknown for humans. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to clarify the production and properties of 11-KT in human. Design, Participants, and Methods: Expression of cytochrome P450 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 (key enzymes involved in the synthesis of 11-KT) were investigated in human gonads. The production of 11-KT was investigated in Leydig cells. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and 11-KT were measured in 10 women and 10 men of reproductive age. Investigation of its properties was performed using breast cancer-derived MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Cytochrome P450 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 were detected in Leydig cells and theca cells. Leydig cells produced 11-KT, and relatively high levels of plasma 11-KT were measured in both men and women. There was no sexual dimorphism in the plasma levels of 11-KT, even though testosterone levels were more than 20 times higher in men than in women. It is noteworthy that the levels of testosterone and 11-KT were similar in women. In a luciferase reporter system, 11-KT activated human androgen receptor-mediated transactivation. Conversely, 11-KT did not activate estrogen receptor-mediated transactivation in aromatase-expressed MCF-7 cells, whereas testosterone did following conversion to estrogen. 11-KT did not affect the estrogen/estrogen receptor -mediated cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, it significantly inhibited cell proliferation when androgen receptor was transfected into MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicates that 11-KT is produced in the gonads and represents a major androgen in human. It can potentially serve as a nonaromatizable androgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Yuhki
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Makoto Orisaka
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Mukai
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ushikubi
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kaoru Miyamoto
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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