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Mealtime media use and cardiometabolic risk in children. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:670-679. [PMID: 33263271 PMCID: PMC9991824 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between mealtime media use and non-HDL-cholesterol as well as other markers of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children. DESIGN A repeated measures study design was used to examine the association between mealtime media use and CMR outcomes. Multivariable linear regression with generalised estimating equations was used to examine the association between mealtime media use and CMR outcomes. Analyses were stratified a priori by age groups (1-4 and 5-13 years). SETTING The TARGet Kids! Practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. PARTICIPANTS 2117 children aged 1-13 years were included in the analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, there was no evidence that total mealtime media use was associated with non-HDL-cholesterol in 1-4 year olds (P = 0·10) or 5-13 year olds (P = 0·29). Each additional meal with media per week was associated with decreased HDL-cholesterol in 5-13 year olds (-0·006 mmol/l; 95 % CI -0·009, -0·002; P = 0·003) and log-TAG in 1-4 year olds (β = -0·004; 95 % CI -0·008, -0·00009; P = 0·04). Media use during breakfast was associated with decreased HDL-cholesterol in 5-13 year olds (-0·012 mmol/l; 95 % CI -0·02, -0·004; P = 0·002), while media during lunch was associated with decreased log-TAG (-0·01 mmol/l; 95 % CI -0·03, -0·002; P = 0·03) in children aged 1-4 years. Total mealtime media use was not associated with total cholesterol, glucose or insulin in either age group. CONCLUSIONS Mealtime media use may be associated with unfavourable lipid profiles through effects on HDL-cholesterol in school-aged children but likely not in pre-schoolers.
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Alblas MC, Mollen S, Wennekers AM, Fransen ML, van den Putte B. Consuming media, consuming food: investigating concurrent TV viewing and eating using a 7-d time use diary survey. Public Health Nutr 2021; 26:1-10. [PMID: 34284844 PMCID: PMC10131140 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One explanation for the relationship between TV viewing and obesity is that people may (over)eat while watching TV. The current study investigated associations between TV viewing and the time spent on (concurrent) eating in a naturalistic setting among a general population sample. DESIGN Preregistered secondary data analyses were performed of a diary survey in which respondents reported their time use in 10-min blocks for 7 d. SETTING Concurrent TV viewing and eating was operationalised as all blocks in which TV viewing and eating occurred simultaneously. Furthermore, the TV content respondents watched was coded as food-related (i.e. culinary content) or non-food related. PARTICIPANTS The sample composed of 2292 adults (58·9 % female) in the Netherlands, aged ≥ 20 years, from all educational levels (18·1 % low, 29·8 % middle and 51·4 % high). RESULTS More than half of the respondents (51·3 %) reported concurrent TV viewing and eating at least once during the 7-d diary period. The average eating occasion was longer in duration while watching TV (v. without media use), and the total time spent on eating was longer on days of concurrent TV viewing and eating (v. days of eating without media use). The percentage of TV viewing time spent on concurrent eating did not differ between food-related and non-food-related TV content. CONCLUSIONS Eating while watching TV was related to an increased time spent on eating. Even though energy intake was not assessed, these findings from a naturalistic setting provide further evidence that concurrent TV viewing and eating may contribute to overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique C Alblas
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15791, 1001 NGAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saar Mollen
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15791, 1001 NGAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke L Fransen
- Communication and Media, Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van den Putte
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15791, 1001 NGAmsterdam, The Netherlands
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Selective Devaluation Affects the Processing of Preferred Rewards. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:1010-1025. [PMID: 33931831 PMCID: PMC8455391 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the representation of subjective preferences in the event-related potential is manipulable through selective devaluation, i.e., the consumption of a specific food item until satiety. Thirty-four participants completed a gambling task in which they chose between virtual doors to find one of three snack items, representing a high, medium, or low preference outcome as defined by individual desire-to-eat ratings. In one of two test sessions, they underwent selective devaluation of the high preference outcome. In the other, they completed the task on an empty stomach. Consistent with previous findings, averaged across sessions, amplitudes were increased for more preferred rewards in the time windows of P2, late FRN, and P300. As hypothesised, we also found a selective devaluation effect for the high preference outcome in the P300 time window, reflected in a decrease in amplitude. The present results provide evidence for modulations of reward processing not only by individual factors, such as subjective preferences, but also by the current motivational state. Importantly, the present data suggest that selective devaluation effects in the P300 may be a promising tool to further characterise altered valuation of food rewards in the context of eating disorders and obesity.
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Miguel-Berges ML, Flores Barrantes P, Iglesia Altaba I, Santaliestra-Pasias A, Samper P, A. Moreno L, Rodriguez G. Association of sedentary behaviours with food and beverages consumption and total diet quality in children from a Spanish region. The Calina study. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1776054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María L Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paloma Flores Barrantes
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iris Iglesia Altaba
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria De Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain
- ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion, Red De Salud Materno-infantil Y Del Desarrollo (SAMID), Spain
| | - Alba Santaliestra-Pasias
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Samper
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria De Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain
- ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion, Red De Salud Materno-infantil Y Del Desarrollo (SAMID), Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria De Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodriguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria De Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain
- ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion, Red De Salud Materno-infantil Y Del Desarrollo (SAMID), Spain
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Sousa CV, Fernandez A, Hwang J, Lu AS. The Effect of Narrative on Physical Activity via Immersion During Active Video Game Play in Children: Mediation Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17994. [PMID: 32229466 PMCID: PMC7157497 DOI: 10.2196/17994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active video games (AVGs) can increase physical activity (PA) and help produce higher physiological expenditure. Animated narrative videos (NVs) possess unique immersive and motivational properties. When added to AVGs, they have been found to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as opposed to the original no video condition. However, there is no evidence of whether that was due to the NV or the addition of an animated video to an AVG. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the differential effect of adding an NV versus a nonnarrative video (NNV) to an AVG on PA parameters and physiological responses and to explore the mediating role of immersion. METHODS A total of 22 children aged 8 to 12 years were randomly assigned to the NV or NNV condition. They were instructed to play an AVG (on Xbox Kinect) for as long as they wanted. We used accelerometers to estimate the time spent (in minutes) in MVPA. Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before, during, and after the AVG play session. The participants then reported their experience of narrative immersion via a questionnaire. RESULTS The NV group had significantly higher narrative immersion (mean 3.50, SD 0.55 vs mean 2.91, SD 0.59; P=.03) and MVPA (mean 19.46, SD 13.31 vs mean 7.85, SD 5.83; P=.02) than the NNV group. Narrative immersion was positively correlated with MVPA (r=0.52; P=.01) and average HR during AVG (r=0.43; P=.05). Mediation analysis indicated that narrative immersion mediated the effect of NV (NV vs NNV) on MVPA (direct effect: beta=7.51; P=.01). The indirect effect was that NV was positively correlated with the mediator variable narrative immersion (beta=.59; P=.03), which was itself marginally associated with MVPA (beta=6.95; P=.09); when narrative immersion was included in the model, the regression coefficient was attenuated. CONCLUSIONS AVG with added narratives elicits more narrative immersion, resulting in more minutes in MVPA. Narrative immersion served as a mediator between NV and MVPA via its elicitation of an elevated HR without increasing RPE. The inclusion of immersive narratives in AVG could be helpful for inducing MVPA, to enhance AVG engagement without additional exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Victor Sousa
- College of Arts, Media, and Design, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Health Technology Lab, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Austin Fernandez
- College of Arts, Media, and Design, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Health Technology Lab, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jungyun Hwang
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Amy Shirong Lu
- College of Arts, Media, and Design, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Health Technology Lab, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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Dieze A, Stephan T, Hilzendegen C, Stroebele-Benschop N. The impact of viewing a video with and without head phones on snack intake: A pilot study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188457. [PMID: 29216205 PMCID: PMC5720623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research shows that many small changes to the environment impact one’s eating behavior. The aim of this study was to examine whether the type of audio transmission would affect snack intake depending on the degree of immersion. A sample of 174 university students were randomized to either viewing a movie wearing headphones or listening over loud speakers while consuming a snack of their choice. Significant differences were found with more snacks consumed in the group without headphones compared to the group wearing headphones. Particularly women tend to eat less (about 10% of the offered snack less) when wearing headphones while viewing a movie. The results seem to indicate that audio transmission mode might impact eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dieze
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Nutritional Psychology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Theodora Stephan
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Nutritional Psychology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolin Hilzendegen
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Nutritional Psychology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nanette Stroebele-Benschop
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Nutritional Psychology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Avery A, Anderson C, McCullough F. Associations between children's diet quality and watching television during meal or snack consumption: A systematic review. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2017; 13. [PMID: 28211230 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies have identified an association between watching television (TV) and childhood obesity. This review adds context to existing research by examining the associations between TV viewing, whilst eating, and children's diet quality. Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched from January 2000 to June 2014. Cross-sectional trials of case control or cohort studies, which included baseline data, measuring the associations between eating whilst watching TV and children's food and drink intake. Quality of selected papers was assessed. Thirteen studies, representing 61,674 children aged 1-18 yrs, met inclusion criteria. Of six studies reporting overall food habits, all found a positive association between TV viewing and consumption of pizza, fried foods, sweets, and snacks. Of eight studies looking at fruit and vegetable consumption, seven identified a negative association with eating whilst watching TV (p < .0001). Four out of five studies identified a positive association between watching TV whilst eating and servings of sugar-sweetened beverages (p < .0001). Four studies identified an association between low socioeconomic status and increased likelihood of eating whilst watching TV (p ≤ .01). Family meals did not overcome the adverse impact on diet quality of having the TV on at mealtimes. Eating whilst watching television is associated with poorer diet quality among children, including more frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and high-fat, high-sugar foods and fewer fruits and vegetables. Although these differences in consumption are small, the cumulative effect may contribute to the positive association between eating whilst watching TV and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Avery
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catherine Anderson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fiona McCullough
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Lyons EJ, Baranowski T, Basen-Engquist KM, Lewis ZH, Swartz MC, Jennings K, Volpi E. Testing the effects of narrative and play on physical activity among breast cancer survivors using mobile apps: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:202. [PMID: 26960972 PMCID: PMC4784467 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity reduces risk for numerous negative health outcomes, but postmenopausal breast cancer survivors do not reach recommended levels. Many interventions encourage self-monitoring of steps, which can increase physical activity in the short term. However, these interventions appear insufficient to increase motivation for sustained change. There is a need for innovative strategies to increase physical activity motivation in this population. Narratives are uniquely persuasive, and video games show promise for increasing motivation. This study will determine the effectiveness of an intervention that combines narrative and gaming to encourage sustained physical activity. Methods/Design SMARTGOAL (Self-Monitoring Activity: a Randomized Trial of Game-Oriented AppLications) is a randomized controlled intervention trial. The intervention period is six months, followed by a six month maintenance period. Participants (overweight, sedentary postmenopausal breast cancer survivors aged 45–75) will be randomized to a self-monitoring group or an enhanced narrative game group. The self-monitoring group will be encouraged to use a mobile application for self-monitoring and feedback and will receive 15 counseling phone calls emphasizing self-regulation. The narrative game group will be encouraged to use a mobile application that includes self-monitoring and feedback as well as a narrative-based active video game. The 15 calls for this group will emphasize concepts related to the game storyline. Counseling calls in both groups will occur weekly in months 1 – 3 and monthly in months 4 – 6. No counseling calls will occur after month 6, but both groups will be encouraged to continue using their apps. The primary outcome of the study is minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity at six months. Other objectively measured outcomes include fitness and physical function. Self-reported outcomes include quality of life, depression, and motivation. Discussion This protocol will result in implementation and evaluation of two technology-based physical activity interventions among breast cancer survivors. Both interventions hold promise for broad dissemination. Understanding the potential benefit of adding narrative and game elements to interventions will provide critical information to interventionists, researchers, clinicians, and policymakers. This study is uniquely suited to investigate not just whether but how and why game elements may improve breast cancer survivors’ health. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT02341235 (January 9, 2015) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2244-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Lyons
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1124, USA.
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karen M Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science and Center for Energy Balance in Cancer Prevention and Survivorship, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zakkoyya H Lewis
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Maria C Swartz
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Elena Volpi
- Department of Geriatrics and Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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Logan AC, Jacka FN. Nutritional psychiatry research: an emerging discipline and its intersection with global urbanization, environmental challenges and the evolutionary mismatch. J Physiol Anthropol 2014; 33:22. [PMID: 25060574 PMCID: PMC4131231 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-33-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 21st-century public health, rapid urbanization and mental health disorders are a growing global concern. The relationship between diet, brain function and the risk of mental disorders has been the subject of intense research in recent years. In this review, we examine some of the potential socioeconomic and environmental challenges detracting from the traditional dietary patterns that might otherwise support positive mental health. In the context of urban expansion, climate change, cultural and technological changes and the global industrialization and ultraprocessing of food, findings related to nutrition and mental health are connected to some of the most pressing issues of our time. The research is also of relevance to matters of biophysiological anthropology. We explore some aspects of a potential evolutionary mismatch between our ancestral past (Paleolithic, Neolithic) and the contemporary nutritional environment. Changes related to dietary acid load, advanced glycation end products and microbiota (via dietary choices and cooking practices) may be of relevance to depression, anxiety and other mental disorders. In particular, the results of emerging studies demonstrate the importance of prenatal and early childhood dietary practices within the developmental origins of health and disease concept. There is still much work to be done before these population studies and their mirrored advances in bench research can provide translation to clinical medicine and public health policy. However, the clear message is that in the midst of a looming global epidemic, we ignore nutrition at our peril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Logan
- CAMNR, 23679 Calabasas Road Suite 542, Calabasas, CA 91302, USA
| | - Felice N Jacka
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT SRC, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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Marsh S, Ni Mhurchu C, Jiang Y, Maddison R. Comparative effects of TV watching, recreational computer use, and sedentary video game play on spontaneous energy intake in male children. A randomised crossover trial☆. Appetite 2014; 77:13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Baranowski T, Buday R, Thompson D, Lyons EJ, Lu AS, Baranowski J. Developing Games for Health Behavior Change: Getting Started. Games Health J 2013; 2:183-190. [PMID: 24443708 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2013.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many investigators are considering developing videogames for health (video-G4Hs) but have questions about how to get started. This report provides guidance for investigators considering a G4H as a behavioral intervention procedure from a team of experienced G4H developers. Thirteen commonly asked questions are answered, including defining a G4H, considerations in developing a team, considerations in G4H design, and anticipating unintended consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth J Lyons
- Institute for Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Amy Shirong Lu
- Department of Communication Studies, School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Janice Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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