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Gifani M, Eddins DJ, Kosuge H, Zhang Y, Paluri SLA, Larson T, Leeper N, Herzenberg LA, Gambhir SS, McConnell MV, Ghosn EEB, Smith BR. Ultra-selective carbon nanotubes for photoacoustic imaging of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2101005. [PMID: 34733130 PMCID: PMC8559995 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques often leads to myocardial infarction and stroke, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. A diagnostic method that detects high-risk atherosclerotic plaques at early stages could prevent these sequelae. The abundance of immune cells in the arterial wall, especially inflammatory Ly-6Chi monocytes and foamy macrophages, is indicative of plaque inflammation, and may be associated with plaque vulnerability. Hence, we sought to develop a new method that specifically targets these immune cells to offer clinically-relevant diagnostic information about cardiovascular disease. We combine ultra-selective nanoparticle targeting of Ly-6Chi monocytes and foamy macrophages with clinically-viable photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in order to precisely and specifically image inflamed plaques ex vivo in a mouse model that mimics human vulnerable plaques histopathologically. Within the plaques, high-dimensional single-cell flow cytometry (13-parameter) showed that our nanoparticles were almost-exclusively taken up by the Ly-6Chi monocytes and foamy macrophages that heavily infiltrate plaques. PAI identified inflamed atherosclerotic plaques that display ~6-fold greater signal compared to controls (P<0.001) six hours after intravenous injection of ultra-selective carbon nanotubes, with in vivo corroboration via optical imaging. Our highly selective strategy may provide a targeted, non-invasive imaging strategy to accurately identify and diagnose inflamed atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Gifani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Devon J. Eddins
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hisanori Kosuge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yapei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sesha L. A. Paluri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Timothy Larson
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas Leeper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael V. McConnell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eliver E. B. Ghosn
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Baiocco P, Ilari A, Ceci P, Orsini S, Gramiccia M, Di Muccio T, Colotti G. Inhibitory Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Trypanothione Reductase Activity and Leishmania infantum Proliferation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:230-3. [PMID: 24900299 DOI: 10.1021/ml1002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Leishmania the glutathione/glutathione reductase eukaryotic redox sys-tem is replaced by the unique trypanothione/trypanothione reductase (TR) system. In vitro, silver is a more effective TR inhibitor than antimony, the first line drug against leishmaniasis in most endemic countries, and its mechanism of inhibition is similar to that of Sb(III). In particular, silver binds with high affinity to the catalytic triad Cys52, Cys57, and His461', thereby inhibiting TR. Here, Ag(0) activity was tested on the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum using a drug-delivery system consisting in Ag(0) nanoparticles encapsulated by ferritin molecules (PfFt-AgNPs). These were able to induce an antiproliferative effect on the parasites at metal concentrations lower than those used with antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Baiocco
- Institute of Molecular Biology
and Pathology CNR, and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185
Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology
and Pathology CNR, and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185
Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Ceci
- Institute of Molecular Biology
and Pathology CNR, and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185
Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Orsini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive,
Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Gramiccia
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive,
Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Trentina Di Muccio
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive,
Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology
and Pathology CNR, and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185
Rome, Italy
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