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Du Y, Ding S, Li C, Bai Y, Wang X, Li D, Xie Y, Fan G, Wu L, Wang G. Coronary Artery Wall Contrast Enhancement Imaging Impact on Disease Activity Assessment in IgG4-RD a direct marker of coronary involvement. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2024:101047. [PMID: 38825155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocmr.2024.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery wall contrast enhancement (CE) has been applied to non-invasive visualization of changes to the coronary artery wall in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study investigated the feasibility of quantifying CE to detect coronary involvement in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), as well as the influence on disease activity assessment. METHODS A total of 93 subjects (31 IgG4-RD; 29 SLE; 33 controls) were recruited in the study. Coronary artery wall imaging was performed in a 3.0T MRI scanner. Serological markers and IgG4-RD Responder Index (IgG4-RD-RI) scores were collected for correlation analysis. RESULTS Coronary wall CE was observed in 29 (94%) IgG4-RD patients and 22 (76%) SLE patients. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and total CE area were significantly higher in patient groups compared to controls (CNR: 6.1 ± 2.7 [IgG4-RD] v. 4.2 ± 2.3 [SLE] v. 1.9 ± 1.5 [control], P < 0.001; Total CE area: 3.0 [3.0-6.6] v. 1.7 [1.5-2.6] v. 0.3 [0.3-0.9], P < 0.001). In the IgG4-RD group, CNR and total CE area were correlated with the RI (CNR: r =0.55, P =0.002; total CE area: r = 0.39, P = 0.031). RI´ scored considering coronary involvement by CE, differed significantly from RI scored without consideration of CE (RI v. RI´: 15 ± 6v. 16 ± 6, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Visualization and quantification of CMR coronary CE by CNR and total CE area could be utilized to detect subclinical and clinical coronary wall involvement, which is prevalent in IgG4-RD. The potential inclusion of small and medium-sized vessel involvements in the assessment of disease activity in IgG4-RD is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Du
- Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of rheumatology and immunology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yibin Xie
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Guoguang Fan
- Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianming Wu
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Richmann DP, Contento J, Cleveland V, Hamman K, Downing T, Kanter J, Berger JT, Christopher A, Cross R, Chow K, Olivieri L. Accuracy of free-breathing multi-parametric SASHA in identifying T1 and T2 elevations in pediatric orthotopic heart transplant patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 40:83-91. [PMID: 37874446 PMCID: PMC10842347 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
T1/T2 parametric mapping may reveal patterns of elevation ("hotspots") in myocardial diseases, such as rejection in orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of free-breathing (FB) multi-parametric SAturation recovery single-SHot Acquisition (mSASHA) T1/T2 mapping in identifying hotspots present on conventional Breath-held Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (BH MOLLI) T1 and T2-prepared balanced steady-state free-precession (BH T2p-bSSFP) maps in pediatric OHT patients. Pediatric OHT patients underwent noncontrast 1.5T CMR with BH MOLLI T1 and T2p-bSSFP and prototype FB mSASHA T1/T2 mapping in 8 short-axis slices. FB and BH T1/T2 hotspots were segmented using semi-automated thresholding (ITK-SNAP) and their 3D coordinate locations were collected (3-Matic, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and measures of central tendency were utilized. 40 imaging datasets from 23 pediatric OHT patients were obtained. FB mSASHA yielded a sensitivity of 82.8% for T1 and 80% for T2 maps when compared to the standard BH MOLLI, as well as 100% specificity for both T1 and T2 maps. When identified on both FB and BH maps, hotspots overlapped in all cases, with an average long axis offset between FB and BH hotspot centers of 5.8 mm (IQR 3.5-8.2) on T1 and 5.9 mm (IQR 3.5-8.2) on T2 maps. FB mSASHA T1/T2 maps can identify hotspots present on conventional BH T1/T2 maps in pediatric patients with OHT, with high sensitivity, specificity, and overlap in 3D space. Free-breathing mapping may improve patient comfort and facilitate OHT assessment in younger patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika P Richmann
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Vincent Cleveland
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karin Hamman
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tacy Downing
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joshua Kanter
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John T Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Christopher
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Russell Cross
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kelvin Chow
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura Olivieri
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Sheagren CD, Cao T, Patel JH, Chen Z, Lee HL, Wang N, Christodoulou AG, Wright GA. Motion-compensated T 1 mapping in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: a technical review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1160183. [PMID: 37790594 PMCID: PMC10542904 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1160183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T 1 mapping is becoming a staple magnetic resonance imaging method for diagnosing myocardial diseases such as ischemic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and more. Clinically, most T 1 mapping sequences acquire a single slice at a single cardiac phase across a 10 to 15-heartbeat breath-hold, with one to three slices acquired in total. This leaves opportunities for improving patient comfort and information density by acquiring data across multiple cardiac phases in free-running acquisitions and across multiple respiratory phases in free-breathing acquisitions. Scanning in the presence of cardiac and respiratory motion requires more complex motion characterization and compensation. Most clinical mapping sequences use 2D single-slice acquisitions; however newer techniques allow for motion-compensated reconstructions in three dimensions and beyond. To further address confounding factors and improve measurement accuracy, T 1 maps can be acquired jointly with other quantitative parameters such as T 2 , T 2 ∗ , fat fraction, and more. These multiparametric acquisitions allow for constrained reconstruction approaches that isolate contributions to T 1 from other motion and relaxation mechanisms. In this review, we examine the state of the literature in motion-corrected and motion-resolved T 1 mapping, with potential future directions for further technical development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calder D. Sheagren
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tianle Cao
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jaykumar H. Patel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zihao Chen
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hsu-Lei Lee
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anthony G. Christodoulou
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Graham A. Wright
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zaman A, Zhao S, Kron J, Abbate A, Tomdio A, Hundley WG, Jordan JH. Role of Cardiac MRI Imaging of Focal and Diffuse Inflammation and Fibrosis in Cardiomyopathy Patients Who Have Pacemakers/ICD Devices. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:1529-1536. [PMID: 35984554 PMCID: PMC10123953 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This focused report aims to discuss and summarize the use of conventional and emerging methods using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in cardiomyopathy patients with implanted cardiac devices to identify diffuse and focal inflammation and fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS Many cardiomyopathy patients with diffuse and focal myocardial fibrosis have a unique need for cardiac imaging that is complicated by cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). CMR imaging can accurately image myocardial fibrosis and inflammation using T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. CMR imaging in CIED patients, however, has been limited due to severe imaging artifacts associated with the devices. The emergence of wideband imaging variants of LGE and T1 mapping techniques can successfully reduce or eliminate CIED artifacts for the evaluation of myocardial substrate in cardiomyopathy patients. Wideband imaging variants of LGE and T1 mapping techniques provide new tools for imaging focal and diffuse fibrosis and imaging in cardiomyopathy patients with implanted cardiac devices. These emerging techniques have the potential for great impact in clinical care of such patients as well as clinical research where imaging endpoints are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananna Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Samantha Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jordana Kron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital, 8th Floor, 1200 E. Broad Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital, 8th Floor, 1200 E. Broad Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Anna Tomdio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital, 8th Floor, 1200 E. Broad Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - W Gregory Hundley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital, 8th Floor, 1200 E. Broad Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jennifer H Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital, 8th Floor, 1200 E. Broad Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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A novel myocardial T1 analysis method robust to fluctuations in longitudinal magnetization recovery due to heart rate variability in polarity-corrected inversion time preparation. Radiol Phys Technol 2022; 15:224-233. [PMID: 35916972 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-022-00667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial T1 mapping is useful for characterizing the myocardial tissues. Polarity-corrected inversion time preparation (PCTIP), one of the T1 mapping techniques, was expected to reduce measurement underestimation versus the MOLLI method. However, measurement accuracy is reportedly reduced, especially at high heart rates (HR), owing to the shorter time interval of inversion recovery (IR) pulses. This phantom-based experiment aimed to evaluate the dependence of T1 mapping with PCTIP on HR. Here we proposed and evaluated the effectiveness of a novel HR-independent analysis method for T1 mapping. A PCTIP scan using a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner was performed on a T1 measurement phantom. The virtual HR were set at 50, 60, 75, and 100 bpm. The T1 of the phantom was estimated by a least-squares fit of the PCTIP data for each obtained inversion time and a theoretical longitudinal relaxation formula. This analysis was performed for the conventional and proposed formulas. The proposed formula was derived for adapting to the transient state of longitudinal magnetization recovery caused by the trigger interval as a recurrence formula. The estimated T1 measurements using the conventional formula varied widely with HR and the accuracy decreased, especially at a high HR. However, the proposed analysis showed good accuracy versus the conventional method independent of HR. T1 mapping using the PCTIP method combined with the novel method proposed here showed good accuracy.
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Guo R, Chen Z, Amyar A, El-Rewaidy H, Assana S, Rodriguez J, Pierce P, Goddu B, Nezafat R. Improving accuracy of myocardial T 1 estimation in MyoMapNet. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2573-2582. [PMID: 35916305 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the accuracy and robustness of T1 estimation by MyoMapNet, a deep learning-based approach using 4 inversion-recovery T1 -weighted images for cardiac T1 mapping. METHODS MyoMapNet is a fully connected neural network for T1 estimation of an accelerated cardiac T1 mapping sequence, which collects 4 T1 -weighted images by a single Look-Locker inversion-recovery experiment (LL4). MyoMapNet was originally trained using in vivo data from the modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence, which resulted in significant bias and sensitivity to various confounders. This study sought to train MyoMapNet using signals generated from numerical simulations and phantom MR data under multiple simulated confounders. The trained model was then evaluated by phantom data scanned using new phantom vials that differed from those used for training. The performance of the new model was compared with modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence and saturation-recovery single-shot acquisition for measuring native and postcontrast T1 in 25 subjects. RESULTS In the phantom study, T1 values measured by LL4 with MyoMapNet were highly correlated with reference values from the spin-echo sequence. Furthermore, the estimated T1 had excellent robustness to changes in flip angle and off-resonance. Native and postcontrast myocardium T1 at 3 Tesla measured by saturation-recovery single-shot acquisition, modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence, and MyoMapNet were 1483 ± 46.6 ms and 791 ± 45.8 ms, 1169 ± 49.0 ms and 612 ± 36.0 ms, and 1443 ± 57.5 ms and 700 ± 57.5 ms, respectively. The corresponding extracellular volumes were 22.90% ± 3.20%, 28.88% ± 3.48%, and 30.65% ± 3.60%, respectively. CONCLUSION Training MyoMapNet with numerical simulations and phantom data will improve the estimation of myocardial T1 values and increase its robustness to confounders while also reducing the overall T1 mapping estimation time to only 4 heartbeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhensen Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Amine Amyar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hossam El-Rewaidy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Salah Assana
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Pierce
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beth Goddu
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reza Nezafat
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Topriceanu CC, Pierce I, Moon JC, Captur G. T 2 and T 2⁎ mapping and weighted imaging in cardiac MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 93:15-32. [PMID: 35914654 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac imaging is progressing from simple imaging of heart structure and function to techniques visualizing and measuring underlying tissue biological changes that can potentially define disease and therapeutic options. These techniques exploit underlying tissue magnetic relaxation times: T1, T2 and T2*. Initial weighting methods showed myocardial heterogeneity, detecting regional disease. Current methods are now fully quantitative generating intuitive color maps that do not only expose regionality, but also diffuse changes - meaning that between-scan comparisons can be made to define disease (compared to normal) and to monitor interval change (compared to old scans). T1 is now familiar and used clinically in multiple scenarios, yet some technical challenges remain. T2 is elevated with increased tissue water - oedema. Should there also be blood troponin elevation, this oedema likely reflects inflammation, a key biological process. T2* falls in the presence of magnetic/paramagnetic materials - practically, this means it measures tissue iron, either after myocardial hemorrhage or in myocardial iron overload. This review discusses how T2 and T2⁎ imaging work (underlying physics, innovations, dependencies, performance), current and emerging use cases, quality assurance processes for global delivery and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin-Cristian Topriceanu
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Barts Heart Centre, West Smithfield, London, UK; UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; UCL MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iain Pierce
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Barts Heart Centre, West Smithfield, London, UK; UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Barts Heart Centre, West Smithfield, London, UK; UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Barts Heart Centre, West Smithfield, London, UK; UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; UCL MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK; The Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Cardiology Department, Pond Street, Hampstead, London, UK.
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Chow K, Hayes G, Flewitt JA, Feuchter P, Lydell C, Howarth A, Pagano JJ, Thompson RB, Kellman P, White JA. Improved accuracy and precision with three-parameter simultaneous myocardial T 1 and T 2 mapping using multiparametric SASHA. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2775-2791. [PMID: 35133018 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a three-parameter model for improved precision multiparametric SAturation-recovery single-SHot Acquisition (mSASHA) cardiac T1 and T2 mapping with high accuracy in a single breath-hold. METHODS The mSASHA acquisition consists of nine images of variable saturation recovery and T2 preparation in 11 heartbeats with T1 and T2 values calculated using a three-parameter model. It was validated in simulations and phantoms at 3 T with comparison to a four-parameter joint T1 -T2 technique. The mSASHA acquisition was compared with MOLLI, SASHA, and T2 -prepared balanced SSFP in 10 volunteers. RESULTS The mSASHA technique had high accuracy in phantoms compared to spin echo, with -0.2 ± 0.3% T1 error and -2.4 ± 1.3% T2 error. The mSASHA coefficient of variation in phantoms for T1 was similar to MOLLI (0.7 ± 0.2% for both) and T2 -prepared balanced SSFP for T2 (1.3 ± 0.7% vs 1.4 ± 0.3%, adjusted p > .05 for both). In simulations, three-parameter mSASHA had higher precision than four-parameter joint T1 -T2 for both T1 and T2 (46% and 11% reductions in T1 and T2 interquartile range for native myocardium). In vivo myocardial mSASHA T1 was similar to SASHA (1523 ± 18 ms vs 1520 ± 18 ms) with similar coefficient of variation to both MOLLI and SASHA (3.3 ± 0.6% vs 3.1 ± 0.6% and 3.3 ± 0.5% respectively, adjusted p > .05 for all). Myocardial mSASHA T2 was 37.1 ± 1.1 ms with similar precision to T2 -prepared balanced SSFP (6.7 ± 1.7% vs 6.0 ± 1.6%, adjusted p > .05). CONCLUSION Three-parameter mSASHA provides high-accuracy cardiac T1 and T2 quantification in a single breath-hold with similar precision to MOLLI and T2 -prepared balanced SSFP. Further study is required to both establish normative values and demonstrate clinical utility in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Chow
- Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Genevieve Hayes
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Flewitt
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patricia Feuchter
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen Lydell
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew Howarth
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph J Pagano
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard B Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter Kellman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James A White
- Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Weingärtner S, Desmond KL, Obuchowski NA, Baessler B, Zhang Y, Biondetti E, Ma D, Golay X, Boss MA, Gunter JL, Keenan KE, Hernando D. Development, validation, qualification, and dissemination of quantitative MR methods: Overview and recommendations by the ISMRM quantitative MR study group. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1184-1206. [PMID: 34825741 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
On behalf of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Quantitative MR Study Group, this article provides an overview of considerations for the development, validation, qualification, and dissemination of quantitative MR (qMR) methods. This process is framed in terms of two central technical performance properties, i.e., bias and precision. Although qMR is confounded by undesired effects, methods with low bias and high precision can be iteratively developed and validated. For illustration, two distinct qMR methods are discussed throughout the manuscript: quantification of liver proton-density fat fraction, and cardiac T1 . These examples demonstrate the expansion of qMR methods from research centers toward widespread clinical dissemination. The overall goal of this article is to provide trainees, researchers, and clinicians with essential guidelines for the development and validation of qMR methods, as well as an understanding of necessary steps and potential pitfalls for the dissemination of quantitative MR in research and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weingärtner
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly L Desmond
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy A Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bettina Baessler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emma Biondetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xavier Golay
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom.,Gold Standard Phantoms Limited, Rochester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Boss
- Center for Research and Innovation, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kathryn E Keenan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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10
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Han PK, Marin T, Djebra Y, Landes V, Zhuo Y, El Fakhri G, Ma C. Free-breathing 3D cardiac T 1 mapping with transmit B 1 correction at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1832-1845. [PMID: 34812547 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a cardiac T1 mapping method for free-breathing 3D T1 mapping of the whole heart at 3 T with transmit B1 ( B 1 + ) correction. METHODS A free-breathing, electrocardiogram-gated inversion-recovery sequence with spoiled gradient-echo readout was developed and optimized for cardiac T1 mapping at 3 T. High-frame-rate dynamic images were reconstructed from sparse (k,t)-space data acquired along a stack-of-stars trajectory using a subspace-based method for accelerated imaging. Joint T1 and flip-angle estimation was performed in T1 mapping to improve its robustness to B 1 + inhomogeneity. Subject-specific timing of data acquisition was used in the estimation to account for natural heart-rate variations during the imaging experiment. RESULTS Simulations showed that accuracy and precision of T1 mapping can be improved with joint T1 and flip-angle estimation and optimized electrocardiogram-gated spoiled gradient echo-based inversion-recovery acquisition scheme. The phantom study showed good agreement between the T1 maps from the proposed method and the reference method. Three-dimensional cardiac T1 maps (40 slices) were obtained at a 1.9-mm in-plane and 4.5-mm through-plane spatial resolution from healthy subjects (n = 6) with an average imaging time of 14.2 ± 1.6 minutes (heartbeat rate: 64.2 ± 7.1 bpm), showing myocardial T1 values comparable to those obtained from modified Look-Locker inversion recovery. The proposed method generated B 1 + maps with spatially smooth variation showing 21%-32% and 11%-15% variations across the septal-lateral and inferior-anterior regions of the myocardium in the left ventricle. CONCLUSION The proposed method allows free-breathing 3D T1 mapping of the whole heart with transmit B1 correction in a practical imaging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kyu Han
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thibault Marin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanis Djebra
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France
| | | | - Yue Zhuo
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Evaluation of liver T1 using MOLLI gradient echo readout under the influence of fat. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 85:57-63. [PMID: 34678435 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of hepatic steatosis on the gradient-echo (GRE) based Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) technique for T1 mapping has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a GRE based MOLLI technique for hepatic T1 mapping and determine the relationship of T1 differences (ΔT1) on in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) to fat fraction (FF) measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3 T MRI included MOLLI T1 mapping with TE = 1.3 (OP), 2.4 (IP), and 1.8 ms, and chemical-shift-encoded sequence with spectral modeling of fat to generate FF map as a reference. Bloch simulations and oil/water phantoms were used to characterize the response of the MOLLI T1 in various FF < 30% since MOLLI T1 estimation was erratic beyond this limit. Curve fit between ΔT1 and FF from simulation was applied to validate the phantom and the in-vivo results. Thirty-eight normal volunteers were included (16 women, Age 44 ± 12 years, BMI 27 ± 5.3 kg/m2). MOLLI water images were reconstructed by the average of OP and IP images, and the T1 values on water images served as the reference for T1 bias calculation defined as the percent difference between OP, IP, TE = 1.8 ms and the referenced water T1. Linear regression was performed to correlate the FF quantified by the reference and MOLLI methods. RESULTS Phantom results were consistent with the Bloch simulations. The simulated relationship between FF (0-30%) and ΔT1 could be modeled precisely by a cubic equation with R2 = 1. In-vivo MOLLI ΔT1 and estimated FF were correlated to the reference FF (both R2 ≥ 0.96 and P < 0.001). TE = 1.8 ms demonstrated less T1 bias (-1.34%) compared to TE = OP (5.32%) or IP (-3.8%, both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION At 3 T, TE of 1.8 ms can be used to reduce the T1 bias and deliver consistent T1 values when FF is <30%.
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12
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Delso G, Farré L, Ortiz-Pérez JT, Prat S, Doltra A, Perea RJ, Caralt TM, Lorenzatti D, Vega J, Sotes S, Janich MA, Sitges M. Improving the robustness of MOLLI T1 maps with a dedicated motion correction algorithm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18546. [PMID: 34535689 PMCID: PMC8448777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial tissue T1 constitutes a reliable indicator of several heart diseases related to extracellular changes (e.g. edema, fibrosis) as well as fat, iron and amyloid content. Magnetic resonance (MR) T1-mapping is typically achieved by pixel-wise exponential fitting of a series of inversion or saturation recovery measurements. Good anatomical alignment between these measurements is essential for accurate T1 estimation. Motion correction is recommended to improve alignment. However, in the case of inversion recovery sequences, this correction is compromised by the intrinsic contrast variation between frames. A model-based, non-rigid motion correction method for MOLLI series was implemented and validated on a large database of cardiac clinical cases (n = 186). The method relies on a dedicated similarity metric that accounts for the intensity changes caused by T1 magnetization relaxation. The results were compared to uncorrected series and to the standard motion correction included in the scanner. To automate the quantitative analysis of results, a custom data alignment metric was defined. Qualitative evaluation was performed on a subset of cases to confirm the validity of the new metric. Motion correction caused noticeable (i.e. > 5%) performance degradation in 12% of cases with the standard method, compared to 0.3% with the new dedicated method. The average alignment quality was 85% ± 9% with the default correction and 90% ± 7% with the new method. The results of the qualitative evaluation were found to correlate with the quantitative metric. In conclusion, a dedicated motion correction method for T1 mapping MOLLI series has been evaluated on a large database of clinical cardiac MR cases, confirming its increased robustness with respect to the standard method implemented in the scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Delso
- MR Applications & Workflow, GE Healthcare, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julián Vega
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santi Sotes
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Shafiabadi Hassani N, Talakoob H, Karim H, Mozafari Bazargany MH, Rastad H. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 2954 COVID-19 Adult Survivors: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:866-880. [PMID: 34309139 PMCID: PMC8427049 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have utilized MRI to determine the extent to which COVID‐19 survivors may experience cardiac sequels after recovery. Purpose To systematically review the main cardiac MRI findings in COVID‐19 adult survivors. Study type Systematic review. Subjects A total of 2954 COVID‐19 adult survivors from 16 studies. Field Strength/sequence Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), parametric mapping (T1‐native, T2, T1‐post (extracellular volume fraction [ECV]), T2‐weighted sequences (myocardium/pericardium), at 1.5 T and 3 T. Assessment A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase, and Google scholar databases using Boolean operators and the relevant key terms covering COVID‐19, cardiac injury, CMR, and follow‐up. MRI data, including (if available) T1, T2, extra cellular volume, presence of myocardial or pericardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and left and right ventricular ejection fraction were extracted. Statistical Tests The main results of the included studies are summarized. No additional statistical analysis was performed. Results Of 1601 articles retrieved from the initial search, 12 cohorts and 10 case series met our eligibility criteria. The rate of raised T1 in COVID‐19 adult survivors varied across studies from 0% to 73%. Raised T2 was detected in none of patients in 4 out of 15 studies, and in the remaining studies, its rate ranged from 2% to 60%. In most studies, LGE (myocardial or pericardial) was observed in COVID‐19 survivors, the rate ranging from 4% to 100%. Myocardial LGE mainly had nonischemic patterns. None of the cohort studies observed myocardial LGE in “healthy” controls. Most studies found that patients who recovered from COVID‐19 had a significantly greater T1 and T2 compared to participants in the corresponding control group. Data Conclusion Findings of MRI studies suggest the presence of myocardial and pericardial involvement in a notable number of patients recovered from COVID‐19. Level of Evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 3
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Talakoob
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hosein Karim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hadith Rastad
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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14
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Mózes FE, Valkovič L, Pavlides M, Robson MD, Tunnicliffe EM. Hydration and glycogen affect T 1 relaxation times of liver tissue. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4530. [PMID: 33951228 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
T1 mapping is a useful tool for the assessment of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but still suffers from a large unexplained variance in healthy subjects. This study aims to characterize the potential effects of liver glycogen concentration and body hydration status on liver shortened modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (shMOLLI) T1 measurements. Eleven glycogen phantoms and 12 healthy volunteers (mean age: 31 years, three females) were scanned at 3 T using inversion recovery spin echo, multiple contrast spin echo (in phantoms), shMOLLI T1 mapping, multiple-echo spoiled gradient recalled echo and 13 C spectroscopy (in healthy volunteers). Phantom r1 and r2 relaxivities were determined from measured T1 and T2 values. Participants underwent a series of five metabolic experiments to vary their glycogen concentration and hydration levels: feeding, food fasting, exercising, underhydration, and rehydration. Descriptive statistics were calculated for shMOLLI T1 , inferior vena cava to aorta cross-sectional area ratio (IVC/Ao) as a marker of body hydration status, glycogen concentration, T2 * and proton density fat fraction values. A linear mixed model for shMOLLI R1 was constructed to determine the effects of glycogen concentration and IVC/Ao ratio. The mean shMOLLI T1 after fasting was 737 ± 67 ms. The mean within-subject change was 80 ± 45 ms. The linear mixed model revealed a glycogen r1 relaxivity in volunteers (0.18 M-1 s-1 , p = 0.03) close to that determined in phantoms (0.28 M-1 s-1 ). A unit change in IVC/Ao ratio was associated with a drop of -0.113 s-1 in R1 (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated a dependence of liver shMOLLI T1 values on liver glycogen concentration and overall body hydration status. Interparticipant variation of hydration status should be minimized in future liver MRI studies. Additionally, caution is advised when interpreting liver T1 measurements in participants with excess liver glycogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc E Mózes
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michael Pavlides
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew D Robson
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Perspectum, Gemini One, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunnicliffe
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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15
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Chacko L, Boldrini M, Martone R, Law S, Martinez-Naharrro A, Hutt DF, Kotecha T, Patel RK, Razvi Y, Rezk T, Cohen OC, Brown JT, Srikantharajah M, Ganesananthan S, Lane T, Lachmann HJ, Wechalekar AD, Sachchithanantham S, Mahmood S, Whelan CJ, Knight DS, Moon JC, Kellman P, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN, Fontana M. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance-Derived Extracellular Volume Mapping for the Quantification of Hepatic and Splenic Amyloid. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:CIRCIMAGING121012506. [PMID: 33876651 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.012506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic amyloidosis is characterized by amyloid deposition that can involve virtually any organ. Splenic and hepatic amyloidosis occurs in certain types, in some patients but not others, and may influence prognosis and treatment. SAP (serum amyloid P component) scintigraphy is uniquely able to identify and quantify amyloid in the liver and spleen, thus informing clinical management, but it is only available in 2 centers globally. The aims of this study were to examine the potential for extracellular volume (ECV) mapping performed during routine cardiac magnetic resonance to: (1) detect amyloid in the liver and spleen and (2) estimate amyloid load in these sites using SAP scintigraphy as the reference standard. METHODS Five hundred thirty-three patients referred to the National Amyloidosis Centre, London, between 2015 and 2017 with suspected systemic amyloidosis who underwent SAP scintigraphy and cardiac magnetic resonance with T1 mapping were studied. RESULTS The diagnostic performance of ECV to detect splenic and hepatic amyloidosis was high for both organs (liver: area under the curve, -0.917 [95% CI, 0.880-0.954]; liver ECV cutoff, 0.395; sensitivity, 90.7%; specificity, 77.7%; P<0.001; spleen: area under the curve, -0.944 [95% CI, 0.925-0.964]; spleen ECV cutoff, 0.385; sensitivity, 93.6%; specificity, 87.5%; P<0.001). There was good correlation between liver and spleen ECV and amyloid load assessed by SAP scintigraphy (r=0.504, P<0.001; r=0.693, P<0.001, respectively). There was high interobserver agreement for both the liver and spleen (ECV liver intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.991 [95% CI, 0.984-0.995]; P<0.001; ECV spleen intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.995 [95% CI, 0.991-0.997]; P<0.001) with little bias across a wide range of ECV values. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that ECV measurements obtained during routine cardiac magnetic resonance scans in patients with suspected amyloidosis can identify and measure the magnitude of amyloid infiltration in the liver and spleen, providing important clues to amyloid type and offering a noninvasive measure of visceral amyloid burden that can help guide and track treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raffaele Martone
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
- Department of Heart, Lung and Vessels, Tuscan Regional Amyloid Center, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Steven Law
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Ana Martinez-Naharrro
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - David F Hutt
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | | | - Rishi K Patel
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Yousuf Razvi
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Tamer Rezk
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Oliver C Cohen
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - James T Brown
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Mukunthan Srikantharajah
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Sharmananthan Ganesananthan
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Thirusha Lane
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Helen J Lachmann
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Ashutosh D Wechalekar
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Sajitha Sachchithanantham
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Shameem Mahmood
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Carol J Whelan
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Daniel S Knight
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - James C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (J.C.M.)
- Barts Heart Centre, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, and the Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.C.M.)
| | - Peter Kellman
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K.)
| | - Julian D Gillmore
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Philip N Hawkins
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
| | - Marianna Fontana
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom. (L.C., M.B., R.M., S.L., A.M.-N., D.F.H., T.K., R.K.P., Y.R., T.R., O.C.C., J.B., M.S., S.G., T.L., H.L., A.W., S.S., S.M., C.W., D.S.K., J.G., P.N.H., M.F.)
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16
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Ando C, Yamamoto H, Shinoda N, Maeda H, Ozawa K, Ohmori Y, Yanagisawa F, Amano Y. [Effects of Heart Rate on Myocardial Native T 1 Value Acquired by 5s(3s)3s MOLLI Sequence]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2021; 77:172-181. [PMID: 33612695 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2021_jsrt_77.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative evaluation of myocardial native T1 value by measuring modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) method is clinically useful and is used for follow-up of various myocardial diseases. The heart rate during the scan can vary even in the same subjects. Therefore, it is important to know the effects of the heart rate on the native T1 value of the myocardium. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the heart rate on the T1 value in the 5s (3s) 3s scheme, time control data collection period of the MOLLI method, using phantom experiments and experiments of healthy volunteers. The 5s (3s) 3s scheme of the MOLLI method is considered to have little dependence on the heart rate, but the T1 value still varied up to about 7% depending on the heart rate, and was underestimated up to 8% during low heart rate using phantom experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Ando
- Division of Radiological Technology, Nihon University Hospital
| | | | - Naoki Shinoda
- Division of Radiological Technology, Nihon University Hospital
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Division of Radiological Technology, Nihon University Hospital
| | - Kazuo Ozawa
- Division of Radiological Technology, Nihon University Hospital
| | - Yuko Ohmori
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University Hospital
| | | | - Yasuo Amano
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University Hospital
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17
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Bhuva AN, Treibel TA, Seraphim A, Scully P, Knott KD, Augusto JB, Torlasco C, Menacho K, Lau C, Patel K, Moon JC, Kellman P, Manisty CH. Measurement of T1 Mapping in Patients With Cardiac Devices: Off-Resonance Error Extends Beyond Visual Artifact but Can Be Quantified and Corrected. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:631366. [PMID: 33585589 PMCID: PMC7878555 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.631366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Measurement of myocardial T1 is increasingly incorporated into standard cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) protocols, however accuracy may be reduced in patients with metallic cardiovascular implants. Measurement is feasible in segments free from visual artifact, but there may still be off-resonance induced error. Aim: To quantify off-resonance induced T1 error in patients with metallic cardiovascular implants, and validate a method for error correction for a conventional MOLLI pulse sequence. Methods: Twenty-four patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs: 46% permanent pacemakers, PPMs; 33% implantable loop recorders, ILRs; and 21% implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, ICDs); and 31 patients with aortic valve replacement (AVR) (45% metallic) were studied. Paired mid-myocardial short-axis MOLLI and single breath-hold off-resonance field maps were acquired at 1.5 T. T1 values were measured by AHA segment, and segments with visual artifact were excluded. T1 correction was applied using a published relationship between off-resonance and T1. The accuracy of the correction was assessed in 10 healthy volunteers by measuring T1 before and after external placement of an ICD generator next to the chest to generate off-resonance. Results: T1 values in healthy volunteers with an ICD were underestimated compared to without (967 ± 52 vs. 997 ± 26 ms respectively, p = 0.0001), but were similar after correction (p = 0.57, residual difference 2 ± 27 ms). Artifact was visible in 4 ± 12, 42 ± 31, and 53 ± 27% of AHA segments in patients with ILRs, PPMs, and ICDs, respectively. In segments without artifact, T1 was underestimated by 63 ms (interquartile range: 7–143) per patient. The greatest error for patients with ILRs, PPMs and ICDs were 79, 146, and 191 ms, respectively. The presence of an AVR did not generate T1 error. Conclusion: Even when there is no visual artifact, there is error in T1 in patients with CIEDs, but not AVRs. Off-resonance field map acquisition can detect error in measured T1, and a correction can be applied to quantify T1 MOLLI accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish N Bhuva
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Seraphim
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Scully
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristopher D Knott
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - João B Augusto
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Torlasco
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Menacho
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clement Lau
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kush Patel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - James C Moon
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kellman
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Charlotte H Manisty
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Takasumi H, Seino S, Kikori K, Ishikawa H, Kanezawa T, Bannae S, Kuhara S, Doi K. Evaluation of the homogeneity of native T1 myocardial mapping using the polarity corrected inversion time preparation method in a myocardial phantom and healthy volunteers. Radiol Phys Technol 2021; 14:50-56. [PMID: 33387358 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-020-00601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial T1 mapping is a useful technique for the diagnosis of diffuse fibrosis. Although modified look-locker inversion recovery is a widely used T1 mapping method, variation in T1 values has been reported. Non-uniform T1 maps may hinder differentiation between healthy and diseased myocardial tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the uniformity of T1 mapping using polarity corrected inversion time preparation (PC TI prep) in a myocardial phantom and healthy volunteers. The myocardial phantom was scanned between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and air. T1 values were measured using inversion recovery fast spin-echo (IR-FSE) and PC TI prep in areas adjacent to PVA and air. For the volunteer study, the short-axis plane was imaged using the PC TI prep to compare T1 values in the myocardium of the septal and lateral walls. The T1 value of the phantom using the IR-FSE was not significantly different in the area between PVA and air, whereas the T1 value using the PC TI prep in the air area was significantly lower than that in the PVA area. T1 mapping of the healthy myocardium exhibited no significant difference between the septal and lateral walls. The T1 value using the PC TI prep in the air area was 6.3% lower than that using IR-FSE. In this study, T1 mapping using the PC TI prep exhibited high uniformity of T1 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Takasumi
- Department of Radiology, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Shinya Seino
- Department of Radiology, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kikori
- Department of Radiology, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ishikawa
- Department of Radiology, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanezawa
- Department of Radiology, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Bannae
- Healthcare IT Software Development Department, Healthcare IT Development Center, Healthcare IT Division, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigehide Kuhara
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Doi
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, Gunma, Japan
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19
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Zhang Q, Hann E, Werys K, Wu C, Popescu I, Lukaschuk E, Barutcu A, Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK. Deep learning with attention supervision for automated motion artefact detection in quality control of cardiac T1-mapping. Artif Intell Med 2020; 110:101955. [PMID: 33250143 PMCID: PMC7718111 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance quantitative T1-mapping is increasingly used for advanced myocardial tissue characterisation. However, cardiac or respiratory motion can significantly affect the diagnostic utility of T1-maps, and thus motion artefact detection is critical for quality control and clinically-robust T1 measurements. Manual quality control of T1-maps may provide reassurance, but is laborious and prone to error. We present a deep learning approach with attention supervision for automated motion artefact detection in quality control of cardiac T1-mapping. Firstly, we customised a multi-stream Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) image classifier to streamline the process of automatic motion artefact detection. Secondly, we imposed attention supervision to guide the CNN to focus on targeted myocardial segments. Thirdly, when there was disagreement between the human operator and machine, a second human validator reviewed and rescored the cases for adjudication and to identify the source of disagreement. The multi-stream neural networks demonstrated 89.8% agreement, 87.4% ROC-AUC on motion artefact detection with the human operator in the 2568 T1 maps. Trained with additional supervision on attention, agreements and AUC significantly improved to 91.5% and 89.1%, respectively (p < 0.001). Rescoring of disagreed cases by the second human validator revealed that human operator error was the primary cause of disagreement. Deep learning with attention supervision provides a quick and high-quality assurance of clinical images, and outperforms human operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Evan Hann
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Konrad Werys
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cody Wu
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Iulia Popescu
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Lukaschuk
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmet Barutcu
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Vanessa M Ferreira
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan K Piechnik
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
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20
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Tsai CC, Ng SH, Chen YL, Juan YH, Wang CH, Lin G, Chien CW, Lin YC, Lin YC, Huang YC, Huang PC, Wang JJ. T1 and T2∗ relaxation time in the parcellated myocardium of healthy Taiwanese participants: A single center study. Biomed J 2020; 44:S132-S143. [PMID: 35735082 PMCID: PMC9039095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative maps from cardiac MRI provide objective information for myocardial tissue. The study aimed to report the T1 and T2∗ relaxation time and its relationship with clinical parameters in healthy Taiwanese participants. Methods Ninety-three participants were enrolled between 2014 and 2016 (Males/Females: 43/50; age: 49.7 ± 11.3/49.9 ± 10.3). T1 and T2∗ weighted images were obtained by MOLLI recovery and 3D fully flow compensated gradient echo sequences with a 3T MR scanner, respectively. The T1 map of the myocardium was parcellated into 16 partitions from the American Heart Association. The septal part of basal, mid-cavity, and apical view was selected for the T2∗ map. The difference of quantitative map by sex and age groups were evaluated by Student's TTEST and ANOVA, respectively. The relationship between T1, T2∗ map, and clinical parameters, such as ejection fraction, pulse rate, and blood pressures, were evaluated with partial correlation by controlling BMI and age. Results Male participants decreased T1 relaxation time in partitions which located in the mid-cavity and apical before 55 years old compared with females (Male/Female: 1143.1.4 ± 72.0–1191.1 ± 37.0/1180.1 ± 54.5–1326.1 ± 113.3 msec, p < 0.01). For female participants, T1 relaxation time was correlated negatively with systolic pressure (p < 0.01) and pulse rate (p < 0.01) before 45 years old. Besides, T1 and T2∗ relaxation time were positively and negatively correlated with ejection fraction and pulse rate after 45 years old in male participants, respectively. Decreased T2∗ relaxation time could be noticed in participants after 45 years old compared with youngers (26.0 ± 6.5/21.9 ± 8.0 msec; 25.2 ± 5.0/21.6 ± 7.2 msec, p < 0.05). Conclusion Reference T1 and T2∗ relaxation time from cardiac MRI in healthy Taiwanese participants were provided with sex and age-dependent manners. The relationship between clinical parameters and T1 or T2∗ relaxation time was also established and could be further investigated for its potential application in healthy/sub-healthy participants.
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21
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Arrhythmia insensitive rapid cardiac T1 mapping: comparison to modified look locker inversion recovery T1 mapping in mitral valve prolapse patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 36:2017-2025. [PMID: 32514823 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-01910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We compare a saturation recovery arrhythmia insensitive rapid (AIR) T1 mapping technique which is less sensitive to heart rate and requires shorter breath-holds to modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) T1 mapping in patients with mitral valve prolapse. 55 patients underwent AIR and MOLLI at 1.5 T. AIR and MOLLI-derived blood and myocardial T1 values and extracellular volume (ECV) were measured by two independent readers. T1 values and ECV from both techniques and inter-reader agreement were compared with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCC) and reduced major axis regression. T1 values were consistently overestimated for AIR compared to MOLLI and vice versa for ECV. In the mitral valve prolapse population, mean native and post contrast myocardial T1 value for MOLLI were 1000 ± 40 ms and 411.9 ± 44.2 ms respectively and 1090.6 ± 58.7 ms and 488.2 ± 45.7 ms for AIR. Mean native and post contrast blood T1 values for MOLLI were 1566.6 ± 72.3 ms and 276.6 ± 34.1 ms respectively versus 1657.2 ± 180.9 ms and 294.9 ± 35.6 ms for AIR. AIR underestimated ECV relative to MOLLI (23.5 ± 0.4% vs 27.7 ± 0.4%). We found excellent inter-reader agreement (LCC all > 0.94, p < 0.0001) for both AIR and MOLLI techniques as well as intra-reader reliability (LCC all > 0.97, p < 0.0001). AIR can be performed in patients with mitral valve prolapse with excellent inter and intra-reader agreement, with higher T1 values compared to MOLLI, in line with other saturation recovery techniques. A consistent T1 mapping technique should be used when performing serial imaging.
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22
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Estimation of total collagen volume: a T1 mapping versus histological comparison study in healthy Landrace pigs. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 36:1761-1769. [PMID: 32409978 PMCID: PMC7438377 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-01881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Right ventricular biopsy represents the gold standard for the assessment of myocardial fibrosis and collagen content. This invasive technique, however, is accompanied by perioperative complications and poor reproducibility. Extracellular volume (ECV) measured through cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a valid surrogate method to assess fibrosis non-invasively. Nonetheless, ECV provides an overestimation of collagen concentration since it also considers interstitial space. Our study aims to investigate the feasibility of estimating total collagen volume (TCV) through CMR by comparing it with the TCV measured at histology. Seven healthy Landrace pigs were acutely instrumented closed-chest and transported to the MRI facility for measurements. For each protocol, CMR imaging at 3T was acquired. MEDIS software was used to analyze T1 mapping and ECV for both the left ventricular myocardium (LVmyo) and left ventricular septum (LVseptum). ECV was then used to estimate TCVCMR at LVmyo and LVseptum following previously published formulas. Tissues were prepared following an established protocol and stained with picrosirius red to analyze the TCVhisto in LVmyo and LVseptum. TCV measured at LVmyo and LVseptum with both histology (8 ± 5 ml and 7 ± 3 ml, respectively) and T1-Mapping (9 ± 5 ml and 8 ± 6 ml, respectively) did not show any regional differences. TCVhisto and TCVCMR showed a good level of data agreement by Bland–Altman analysis. Estimation of TCV through CMR may be a promising way to non-invasively assess myocardial collagen content and may be useful to track disease progression or treatment response.
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23
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Captur G, Bhandari A, Brühl R, Ittermann B, Keenan KE, Yang Y, Eames RJ, Benedetti G, Torlasco C, Ricketts L, Boubertakh R, Fatih N, Greenwood JP, Paulis LEM, Lawton CB, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Lamb HJ, Steeds R, Leung SW, Berry C, Valentin S, Flett A, de Lange C, DeCobelli F, Viallon M, Croisille P, Higgins DM, Greiser A, Pang W, Hamilton-Craig C, Strugnell WE, Dresselaers T, Barison A, Dawson D, Taylor AJ, Mongeon FP, Plein S, Messroghli D, Al-Mallah M, Grieve SM, Lombardi M, Jang J, Salerno M, Chaturvedi N, Kellman P, Bluemke DA, Nezafat R, Gatehouse P, Moon JC. T 1 mapping performance and measurement repeatability: results from the multi-national T 1 mapping standardization phantom program (T1MES). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:31. [PMID: 32375896 PMCID: PMC7204222 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T1 Mapping and Extracellular volume (ECV) Standardization (T1MES) program explored T1 mapping quality assurance using a purpose-developed phantom with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Conformité Européenne (CE) regulatory clearance. We report T1 measurement repeatability across centers describing sequence, magnet, and vendor performance. METHODS Phantoms batch-manufactured in August 2015 underwent 2 years of structural imaging, B0 and B1, and "reference" slow T1 testing. Temperature dependency was evaluated by the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology and by the German Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Center-specific T1 mapping repeatability (maximum one scan per week to minimum one per quarter year) was assessed over mean 358 (maximum 1161) days on 34 1.5 T and 22 3 T magnets using multiple T1 mapping sequences. Image and temperature data were analyzed semi-automatically. Repeatability of serial T1 was evaluated in terms of coefficient of variation (CoV), and linear mixed models were constructed to study the interplay of some of the known sources of T1 variation. RESULTS Over 2 years, phantom gel integrity remained intact (no rips/tears), B0 and B1 homogenous, and "reference" T1 stable compared to baseline (% change at 1.5 T, 1.95 ± 1.39%; 3 T, 2.22 ± 1.44%). Per degrees Celsius, 1.5 T, T1 (MOLLI 5s(3s)3s) increased by 11.4 ms in long native blood tubes and decreased by 1.2 ms in short post-contrast myocardium tubes. Agreement of estimated T1 times with "reference" T1 was similar across Siemens and Philips CMR systems at both field strengths (adjusted R2 ranges for both field strengths, 0.99-1.00). Over 1 year, many 1.5 T and 3 T sequences/magnets were repeatable with mean CoVs < 1 and 2% respectively. Repeatability was narrower for 1.5 T over 3 T. Within T1MES repeatability for native T1 was narrow for several sequences, for example, at 1.5 T, Siemens MOLLI 5s(3s)3s prototype number 448B (mean CoV = 0.27%) and Philips modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) 3s(3s)5s (CoV 0.54%), and at 3 T, Philips MOLLI 3b(3s)5b (CoV 0.33%) and Siemens shortened MOLLI (ShMOLLI) prototype 780C (CoV 0.69%). After adjusting for temperature and field strength, it was found that the T1 mapping sequence and scanner software version (both P < 0.001 at 1.5 T and 3 T), and to a lesser extent the scanner model (P = 0.011, 1.5 T only), had the greatest influence on T1 across multiple centers. CONCLUSION The T1MES CE/FDA approved phantom is a robust quality assurance device. In a multi-center setting, T1 mapping had performance differences between field strengths, sequences, scanner software versions, and manufacturers. However, several specific combinations of field strength, sequence, and scanner are highly repeatable, and thus, have potential to provide standardized assessment of T1 times for clinical use, although temperature correction is required for native T1 tubes at least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Captur
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- UCL MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7BH UK
- Cardiology Department, The Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Pond Street, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Abhiyan Bhandari
- UCL Medical School, University College London, Bloomsbury Campus, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2–12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2–12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathryn E. Keenan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, MS 818.03, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Richard J. Eames
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London, SW7 2BB UK
| | - Giulia Benedetti
- Department of Radiology, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Camilla Torlasco
- University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Lewis Ricketts
- UCL Medical School, University College London, Bloomsbury Campus, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Redha Boubertakh
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Nasri Fatih
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- UCL MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7BH UK
| | - John P. Greenwood
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center & Division of Biomedical Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Leonie E. M. Paulis
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris B. Lawton
- Bristol Heart Institute, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- Bristol Heart Institute, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Hildo J. Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Steeds
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH UK
| | - Steve W. Leung
- UK Albert B. Chandler Hospital - Pavilion G, Gill Heart & Vascular Institute, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Colin Berry
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, RC309 Level C3, Bhf Gcrc, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8TA UK
| | - Sinitsyn Valentin
- Department of Multidisciplinary Clinical Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew Flett
- University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD UK
| | - Charlotte de Lange
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Magalie Viallon
- INSA, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CREATIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Pierre Croisille
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David M. Higgins
- Philips, Philips Centre, Unit 3, Guildford Business Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 8XG UK
| | | | - Wenjie Pang
- Resonance Health, 278 Stirling Highway, Claremont, WA 6010 Australia
| | - Christian Hamilton-Craig
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Griffith University and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wendy E. Strugnell
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Griffith University and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, UZ Belgium
| | | | - Dana Dawson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew J. Taylor
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - François-Pierre Mongeon
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8 Canada
| | - Sven Plein
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center & Division of Biomedical Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Messroghli
- Department of Internal Medicine – Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mouaz Al-Mallah
- King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center (KACC) (Riyadh), National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stuart M. Grieve
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Massimo Lombardi
- I.R.C.C.S., Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, MI Italy
| | - Jihye Jang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Cardiology East Campus, Room E/SH455, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Michael Salerno
- University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee St, PO Box 800158, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- UCL MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7BH UK
| | - Peter Kellman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1061 USA
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792-3252 USA
| | - Reza Nezafat
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Cardiology East Campus, Room E/SH455, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Peter Gatehouse
- CMRI Department, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
| | - James C. Moon
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Barts Heart Center, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE UK
| | - on behalf of the T1MES Consortium
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- UCL MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7BH UK
- Cardiology Department, The Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Pond Street, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
- UCL Medical School, University College London, Bloomsbury Campus, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2–12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, MS 818.03, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London, SW7 2BB UK
- Department of Radiology, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center & Division of Biomedical Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Bristol Heart Institute, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH UK
- UK Albert B. Chandler Hospital - Pavilion G, Gill Heart & Vascular Institute, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, RC309 Level C3, Bhf Gcrc, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8TA UK
- Department of Multidisciplinary Clinical Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- INSA, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CREATIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Philips, Philips Centre, Unit 3, Guildford Business Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 8XG UK
- SiemensHealthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
- Resonance Health, 278 Stirling Highway, Claremont, WA 6010 Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Griffith University and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, UZ Belgium
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Scotland, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8 Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine – Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center (KACC) (Riyadh), National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia
- I.R.C.C.S., Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, MI Italy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Cardiology East Campus, Room E/SH455, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee St, PO Box 800158, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1061 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792-3252 USA
- CMRI Department, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP UK
- Barts Heart Center, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE UK
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24
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Hermann I, Uhrig T, Chacon-Caldera J, Akçakaya M, Schad LR, Weingärtner S. Towards measuring the effect of flow in blood T 1 assessed in a flow phantom and in vivo. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:095001. [PMID: 32160594 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab7ef1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of the blood T 1 time using conventional myocardial T 1 mapping methods has gained clinical significance in the context of extracellular volume (ECV) mapping and synthetic hematocrit (Hct). However, its accuracy is potentially compromised by in-flow of non-inverted/non-saturated spins and in-flow of spins which are not partially saturated from previous imaging pulses. Bloch simulations were used to analyze various flow effects separately. T 1 measurements of gadolinium doped water were performed using a flow phantom with adjustable flow velocities at 3 T. Additionally, in vivo blood T 1 measurements were performed in 6 healthy subjects (26 ± 5 years, 2 female). To study the T 1 time as a function of the instantaneous flow velocity, T 1 times were evaluated in an axial imaging slice of the descending aorta. Velocity encoded cine measurements were performed to quantify the flow velocity throughout the cardiac cycle. Simulation results show more than 30% loss in accuracy for 10% non-prepared in-flowing spins. However, in- and out-flow to the imaging plane only demonstrated minor impact on the T 1 time. Phantom T 1 times were decreased by up to 200 ms in the flow phantom, due to in-flow of non-prepared spins. High flow velocities cause in-flow of spins that lack partial saturation from the imaging pulses but only lead to negligible T 1 time deviation (less than 30 ms). In vivo measurements confirm a substantial variation of the T 1 time depending on the flow velocity. The highest aortic T 1 times are observed at the time point of minimal flow with increased flow velocity leading to reduction of the measured T 1 time by up to [Formula: see text] at peak velocity. In this work we attempt to dissect the effects of flow on T 1 times, by using simulations, well-controlled, simplified phantom setup and the linear flow pattern in the descending aorta in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hermann
- Magnetic Resonance Systems Lab, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 Delft, Netherlands. Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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25
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Landes V, Javed A, Jao T, Qin Q, Nayak K. Improved velocity-selective labeling pulses for myocardial ASL. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1909-1918. [PMID: 32173909 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate an improved velocity-selective (VS) labeling pulse for myocardial arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging that addresses two limitations of current pulses: (1) spurious labeling of moving myocardium and (2) low labeling efficiency. METHODS The proposed myocardial VSASL labeling pulse is designed using a Fourier Transform based Velocity-Selective labeling pulse train. The pulse utilizes bipolar velocity-encoding gradients, a 9-tap velocity-encoding envelope, and double-refocusing pulses with Malcolm Levitt phase cycling. Amplitudes of the velocity-encoding envelope were optimized to minimize the labeling of myocardial velocities during stable diastole (±2-3 cm/s) and maximize the labeling of coronary velocities (10-130 cm/s during rest/stress or 10-70 cm/s during rest). Myocardial ASL experiments were performed in seven healthy subjects using the previously developed VS-ASL protocol by Jao et al with the two proposed VS pulses and original VS pulse. Myocardial ASL experiments were also performed using FAIR ASL. Myocardial perfusion and physiological noise (PN) were evaluated and compared. RESULTS Bloch simulations of the first and second proposed pulses show <2% labeling over ±3 cm/s and ±2 cm/s, respectively. Bloch simulations also show the mean labeling efficiency of arterial blood is 1.23 over the relevant coronary arterial ranges. In-vivo VSASL experiments show the proposed pulses provided comparable measurements to FAIR ASL and reduced TSNR in 5 of 7 subjects compared to the original VS pulse. CONCLUSION We demonstrate an improved VS labeling pulse specifically for myocardial ASL perfusion imaging to reduce spurious labeling of moving myocardium and PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Landes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA, USA
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Jao
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krishna Nayak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA, USA.,Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA, USA
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26
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Dekkers IA, de Boer A, Sharma K, Cox EF, Lamb HJ, Buckley DL, Bane O, Morris DM, Prasad PV, Semple SIK, Gillis KA, Hockings P, Buchanan C, Wolf M, Laustsen C, Leiner T, Haddock B, Hoogduin JM, Pullens P, Sourbron S, Francis S. Consensus-based technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal T1 and T2 mapping MRI. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 33:163-176. [PMID: 31758418 PMCID: PMC7021750 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To develop technical recommendations on the acquisition and post-processing of renal longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation time mapping. A multidisciplinary panel consisting of 18 experts in the field of renal T1 and T2 mapping participated in a consensus project, which was initiated by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action PARENCHIMA CA16103. Consensus recommendations were formulated using a two-step modified Delphi method. The first survey consisted of 56 items on T1 mapping, of which 4 reached the pre-defined consensus threshold of 75% or higher. The second survey was expanded to include both T1 and T2 mapping, and consisted of 54 items of which 32 reached consensus. Recommendations based were formulated on hardware, patient preparation, acquisition, analysis and reporting. Consensus-based technical recommendations for renal T1 and T2 mapping were formulated. However, there was considerable lack of consensus for renal T1 and particularly renal T2 mapping, to some extent surprising considering the long history of relaxometry in MRI, highlighting key knowledge gaps that require further work. This paper should be regarded as a first step in a long-term evidence-based iterative process towards ever increasing harmonization of scan protocols across sites, to ultimately facilitate clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona A Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes de Boer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaniska Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eleanor F Cox
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David L Buckley
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Octavia Bane
- Department of Radiology, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Morris
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pottumarthi V Prasad
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Scott I K Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keith A Gillis
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Hockings
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
- MedTech West, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Buchanan
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marcos Wolf
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, MR-Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryan Haddock
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Johannes M Hoogduin
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Pullens
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent Institute of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Sourbron
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan Francis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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27
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Extracellular Volume Associates With Outcomes More Strongly Than Native or Post-Contrast Myocardial T1. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:44-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Nickander J, Themudo R, Thalén S, Sigfridsson A, Xue H, Kellman P, Ugander M. The relative contributions of myocardial perfusion, blood volume and extracellular volume to native T1 and native T2 at rest and during adenosine stress in normal physiology. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2019; 21:73. [PMID: 31767018 PMCID: PMC6876099 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-019-0585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease can cause disturbances in the myocardial blood volume (MBV), myocardial perfusion and the myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV). Recent studies suggest that native myocardial T1 mapping can detect changes in MBV during adenosine stress without the use of contrast agents. Furthermore, native T2 mapping could also potentially be used to quantify changes in myocardial perfusion and/or MBV. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relative contributions of myocardial perfusion, MBV and ECV to native T1 and native T2 at rest and during adenosine stress in normal physiology. METHODS Healthy subjects (n = 41, 26 ± 5 years, 51% females) underwent 1.5 T cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scanning. Quantitative myocardial perfusion [ml/min/g] and MBV [%] maps were computed from first pass perfusion imaging at adenosine stress (140 microg/kg/min infusion) and rest following an intravenous contrast bolus (0.05 mmol/kg, gadobutrol). Native T1 and T2 maps were acquired before and during adenosine stress. T1 maps at rest and stress were also acquired following a 0.2 mmol/kg cumulative intravenous contrast dose, rendering rest and stress ECV maps [%]. Myocardial T1, T2, perfusion, MBV and ECV values were measured by delineating a region of interest in the midmural third of the myocardium. RESULTS During adenosine stress, there was an increase in myocardial native T1, native T2, perfusion, MBV, and ECV (p ≤ 0.001 for all). Myocardial perfusion, MBV and ECV all correlated with both native T1 and native T2, respectively (R2 = 0.35 to 0.61, p < 0.001 for all). Multivariate linear regression revealed that ECV and perfusion together best explained the change in native T2 (ECV beta 0.21, p = 0.02, perfusion beta 0.66, p < 0.001, model R2 = 0.64, p < 0.001), and native T1 (ECV beta 0.50, p < 0.001, perfusion beta 0.43, p < 0.001, model R2 = 0.69, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial native T1, native T2, perfusion, MBV, and ECV all increase during adenosine stress. Changes in myocardial native T1 and T2 during adenosine stress in normal physiology can largely be explained by the combined changes in myocardial perfusion and ECV. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02723747. Registered March 16, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannike Nickander
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raquel Themudo
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Thalén
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Sigfridsson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Xue
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Peter Kellman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Martin Ugander
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Dekkers IA, de Boer A, Sharma K, Cox EF, Lamb HJ, Buckley DL, Bane O, Morris DM, Prasad PV, Semple SIK, Gillis KA, Hockings P, Buchanan C, Wolf M, Laustsen C, Leiner T, Haddock B, Hoogduin JM, Pullens P, Sourbron S, Francis S. Consensus-based technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal T1 and T2 mapping MRI. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019. [PMID: 31758418 DOI: 10.1007/s10334‐019‐00797‐5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To develop technical recommendations on the acquisition and post-processing of renal longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation time mapping. A multidisciplinary panel consisting of 18 experts in the field of renal T1 and T2 mapping participated in a consensus project, which was initiated by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action PARENCHIMA CA16103. Consensus recommendations were formulated using a two-step modified Delphi method. The first survey consisted of 56 items on T1 mapping, of which 4 reached the pre-defined consensus threshold of 75% or higher. The second survey was expanded to include both T1 and T2 mapping, and consisted of 54 items of which 32 reached consensus. Recommendations based were formulated on hardware, patient preparation, acquisition, analysis and reporting. Consensus-based technical recommendations for renal T1 and T2 mapping were formulated. However, there was considerable lack of consensus for renal T1 and particularly renal T2 mapping, to some extent surprising considering the long history of relaxometry in MRI, highlighting key knowledge gaps that require further work. This paper should be regarded as a first step in a long-term evidence-based iterative process towards ever increasing harmonization of scan protocols across sites, to ultimately facilitate clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona A Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes de Boer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaniska Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eleanor F Cox
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David L Buckley
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Octavia Bane
- Department of Radiology, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Morris
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pottumarthi V Prasad
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Scott I K Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keith A Gillis
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Hockings
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden.,MedTech West, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Buchanan
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marcos Wolf
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, MR-Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryan Haddock
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Johannes M Hoogduin
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Pullens
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Institute of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Sourbron
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan Francis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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30
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Vatnehol SAS, Hol PK, Bjørnerud A, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Haglerød C, Storås TH. Determination of oxygen r 1 at 3 Tesla using samples with a concentration range of dissolved oxygen. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 33:447-453. [PMID: 31606810 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the sensitivity of modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) to measure changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in water samples and to calculate sequence-specific relaxivity (r1m) and limit of detection (LOD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten water samples with a range of DO concentrations were scanned at 3 T using two variations of MOLLI schemes. Using linear regression the r1 of DO was estimated from the measured DO concentrations and T1 relaxation rates (R1). The results were combined with previously reported values on in vivo stability measures of the MOLLI sequences and used to estimate a LOD. RESULTS DO concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 21.6 mg L-1. A linear correlation between DO and R1 was obtained with both MOLLI sequences, with an average correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9 and an average estimated r1 ([Formula: see text]) of 4.45 × 10-3 s-1 mg-1 L. Estimated LOD was ≈ 10 mg L-1. CONCLUSION MOLLI T1-mapping sequences may be used for detecting dissolved oxygen in vivo at 3 T with an [Formula: see text] in the range 4.18-4.8 × 10-3 s-1 mg-1 L and a corresponding LOD for dissolved oxygen of approximately 10 mg L-1. MOLLI-based T1 mapping may be a useful non-invasive tool for quantification of in vivo changes of DO concentration during oxygen challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein Are Sirirud Vatnehol
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Oxy Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Per Kristian Hol
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atle Bjørnerud
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Heidenreich JF, Weng AM, Donhauser J, Greiser A, Chow K, Nordbeck P, Bley TA, Köstler H. T1- and ECV-mapping in clinical routine at 3 T: differences between MOLLI, ShMOLLI and SASHA. BMC Med Imaging 2019; 19:59. [PMID: 31370821 PMCID: PMC6676542 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-019-0362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T1 mapping sequences such as MOLLI, ShMOLLI and SASHA make use of different technical approaches, bearing strengths and weaknesses. It is well known that obtained T1 relaxation times differ between the sequence techniques as well as between different hardware. Yet, T1 quantification is a promising tool for myocardial tissue characterization, disregarding the absence of established reference values. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of native and post-contrast T1 mapping methods as well as ECV maps and its diagnostic benefits in a clinical environment when scanning patients with various cardiac diseases at 3 T. METHODS Native and post-contrast T1 mapping data acquired on a 3 T full-body scanner using the three pulse sequences 5(3)3 MOLLI, ShMOLLI and SASHA in 19 patients with clinical indication for contrast enhanced MRI were compared. We analyzed global and segmental T1 relaxation times as well as respective extracellular volumes and compared the emerged differences between the used pulse sequences. RESULTS T1 times acquired with MOLLI and ShMOLLI exhibited systematic T1 deviation compared to SASHA. Myocardial MOLLI T1 times were 19% lower and ShMOLLI T1 times 25% lower compared to SASHA. Native blood T1 times from MOLLI were 13% lower than SASHA, while post-contrast MOLLI T1-times were only 5% lower. ECV values exhibited comparably biased estimation with MOLLI and ShMOLLI compared to SASHA in good agreement with results reported in literature. Pathology-suspect segments were clearly differentiated from remote myocardium with all three sequences. CONCLUSION Myocardial T1 mapping yields systematically biased pre- and post-contrast T1 times depending on the applied pulse sequence. Additionally calculating ECV attenuates this bias, making MOLLI, ShMOLLI and SASHA better comparable. Therefore, myocardial T1 mapping is a powerful clinical tool for classification of soft tissue abnormalities in spite of the absence of established reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius F Heidenreich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas M Weng
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Donhauser
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Nordbeck
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten A Bley
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Köstler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
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32
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Barczuk‐Falęcka M, Małek ŁA, Werys K, Roik D, Adamus K, Brzewski M. Normal values of native T
1
and T
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relaxation times on 3T cardiac MR in a healthy pediatric population aged 9–18 years. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:912-918. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz A. Małek
- Department of EpidemiologyCardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology Warsaw Poland
| | - Konrad Werys
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance ResearchJohn Radcliffe Hospital Headington, Oxford UK
| | - Danuta Roik
- Department of Pediatric RadiologyMedical University of Warsaw Poland
| | - Kalina Adamus
- Department of Pediatric RadiologyMedical University of Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Brzewski
- Department of Pediatric RadiologyMedical University of Warsaw Poland
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Aherne E, Chow K, Carr J. Cardiac T 1 mapping: Techniques and applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1336-1356. [PMID: 31334899 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A key advantage of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging over other cardiac imaging modalities is the ability to perform detailed tissue characterization. CMR techniques continue to evolve, with advanced imaging sequences being developed to provide a reproducible, quantitative method of tissue interrogation. The T1 mapping technique, a pixel-by-pixel method of quantifying T1 relaxation time of soft tissues, has been shown to be promising for characterization of diseased myocardium in a wide variety of cardiomyopathies. In this review, we describe the basic principles and common techniques for T1 mapping and its use for native T1 , postcontrast T1 , and extracellular volume mapping. We will review a wide range of clinical applications of the technique that can be used for identification and quantification of myocardial edema, fibrosis, and infiltrative diseases with illustrative clinical examples. In addition, we will explore the current limitations of the technique and describe some areas of ongoing development. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1336-1356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Aherne
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelvin Chow
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James Carr
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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coreMRI: A high-performance, publicly available MR simulation platform on the cloud. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216594. [PMID: 31100074 PMCID: PMC6524794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A Cloud-ORiented Engine for advanced MRI simulations (coreMRI) is presented in this study. The aim was to develop the first advanced MR simulation platform delivered as a web service through an on-demand, scalable cloud-based and GPU-based infrastructure. We hypothesized that such an online MR simulation platform could be utilized as a virtual MRI scanner but also as a cloud-based, high-performance engine for advanced MR simulations in simulation-based quantitative MR (qMR) methods. Methods and results The simulation framework of coreMRI was based on the solution of the Bloch equations and utilized a ground-up-approach design based on the principles already published in the literature. The development of a front-end environment allowed the connection of the end-users to the GPU-equipped instances on the cloud. The coreMRI simulation platform was based on a modular design where individual modules (such as the Gadgetron reconstruction framework and a newly developed Pulse Sequence Designer) could be inserted in the main simulation framework. Different types and sources of pulse sequences and anatomical models were utilized in this study revealing the flexibility that the coreMRI simulation platform offers to the users. The performance and scalability of coreMRI were also examined on multi-GPU configurations on the cloud, showing that a multi-GPU computer on the cloud equipped with a newer generation of GPU cards could significantly mitigate the prolonged execution times that accompany more realistic MRI and qMR simulations. Conclusions coreMRI is available to the entire MR community, whereas its high performance and scalability allow its users to configure advanced MRI experiments without the constraints imposed by experimentation in a true MRI scanner (such as time constraint and limited availability of MR scanners), without upfront investment for purchasing advanced computer systems and without any user expertise on computer programming or MR physics. coreMRI is available to the users through the webpage https://www.coreMRI.org.
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Matsumoto S, Okuda S, Yamada Y, Suzuki T, Tanimoto A, Nozaki A, Jinzaki M. Myocardial T1 values in healthy volunteers measured with saturation method using adaptive recovery times for T1 mapping (SMART1Map) at 1.5 T and 3 T. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:1889-1894. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hamilton JI, Jiang Y, Ma D, Chen Y, Lo WC, Griswold M, Seiberlich N. Simultaneous multislice cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting using low rank reconstruction. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4041. [PMID: 30561779 PMCID: PMC7755311 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a technique for simultaneous multislice (SMS) cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting (cMRF), which improves the slice coverage when quantifying myocardial T1, T2 , and M0 . The single-slice cMRF pulse sequence was modified to use multiband (MB) RF pulses for SMS imaging. Different RF phase schedules were used to excite each slice, similar to POMP or CAIPIRINHA, which imparts tissues with a distinguishable and slice-specific magnetization evolution over time. Because of the high net acceleration factor (R = 48 in plane combined with the slice acceleration), images were first reconstructed with a low rank technique before matching data to a dictionary of signal timecourses generated by a Bloch equation simulation. The proposed method was tested in simulations with a numerical relaxation phantom. Phantom and in vivo cardiac scans of 10 healthy volunteers were also performed at 3 T. With single-slice acquisitions, the mean relaxation times obtained using the low rank cMRF reconstruction agree with reference values. The low rank method improves the precision in T1 and T2 for both single-slice and SMS cMRF, and it enables the acquisition of maps with fewer artifacts when using SMS cMRF at higher MB factors. With this technique, in vivo cardiac maps were acquired from three slices simultaneously during a breathhold lasting 16 heartbeats. SMS cMRF improves the efficiency and slice coverage of myocardial T1 and T2 mapping compared with both single-slice cMRF and conventional cardiac mapping sequences. Thus, this technique is a first step toward whole-heart simultaneous T1 and T2 quantification with cMRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse I. Hamilton
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Corresponding author at 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden 516, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA,
| | - Yun Jiang
- Dept. of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dan Ma
- Dept. of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Dept. of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Lo
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark Griswold
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Dept. of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicole Seiberlich
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Dept. of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Misaka T, Sakamoto T, Yamada C, Takenaka S, Nakatsuka T, Nambu H, Uemura M. [Acquisition of Pulmonary Vein and Left Atrium with Trigger Angiography Non-contrast Enhanced MRI in Diastolic Phase]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2019; 75:454-459. [PMID: 31105094 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2019_jsrt_75.5.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the image quality and the visibility of trigger angiography non-contrast enhanced (TRANCE) in diastolic phase and 3D balanced steady-state free precession (3D SSFP) sequences for the evaluation of pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrium (LA). METHODS About 10 volunteers underwent TRANCE and 3D SSFP imaging on 1.5 T MRI. Axial images were reconstructed and regions of interest were positioned on the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV), left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), LA, and left atrial appendage (LAA). Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between each part and muscle were calculated and compared between two sequences. The two observers independently scored the image quality of each image on the basis of PV, LA, and LAA anatomy and contour using a five-point scale, which scores were averaged and compared. RESULTS CNRs on RSPV, RIPV, LSPV, LIPV, LA, and LAA were significantly higher in TRANCE sequence compared with 3D SSFP sequence. On visual assessment, TRANCE showed significantly higher scores in RSPV, RIPV, LSPV, LIPV compared with 3D SSFP sequence. CONCLUSIONS TRANCE provides higher image quality in PVs and LA compared with 3D SSFP on 1.5 T MRI. On visual assessment, TRANCE provides better visibility of PVs anatomy and contour compared with 3D SSFP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiharu Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Nara Hospital
| | | | | | - Hidekazu Nambu
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Nara Hospital
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Cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping. Part 1: Aspects of acquisition and evaluation. Eur J Radiol 2018; 109:223-234. [PMID: 30539758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While an enormous number of studies have documented pathological alterations of the myocardial native longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and the fraction of the extracellular myocardial volume (ECV), it has also become clear that continuously evolving T1 mapping sequence, acquisition and evaluation techniques have a substantial impact on quantitative results, making the translation of reported findings into routine clinical use particularly challenging. To provide a basis for the discussion of pathological myocardial T1 and ECV alterations, the present review aims to summarize the methodological aspects of myocardial T1 mapping along with technical and physiological factors influencing results and normal ranges of myocardial native T1 and ECV reported across studies.
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Dekkers IA, Paiman EHM, de Vries APJ, Lamb HJ. Reproducibility of native T 1 mapping for renal tissue characterization at 3T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:588-596. [PMID: 30171825 PMCID: PMC6585932 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced renal disease is characterized by adverse changes in renal structure; however, noninvasive techniques to diagnose and monitor these changes are currently lacking. Purpose To evaluate the reproducibility of native T1 mapping for renal tissue characterization. Study Type Reproducibility study. Population Fifteen healthy volunteers (mean age 31 years, range 19–63 years), and 11 patients with diabetic nephropathy (mean age 57 years, range 51–69 years). Field Strength/Sequence 3T, modified Look–Locker imaging (MOLLI) 5(3)3. Assessment Intra‐ and interexamination reproducibility of voxel‐based T1 relaxation times of renal cortex and medulla was assessed in healthy human volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients. Statistical Tests Reproducibility was evaluated using Bland–Altman and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results Intra‐ and interexamination reproducibility of renal native T1 mapping showed good–strong ICCs (0.83–0.89) for renal cortex and medulla, and moderate–good ICCs (0.62–0.81) for cortex–medulla ratio in both healthy volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients. Intra‐ and interexamination limits of agreement were respectively (–124 msec, + 82 msec) and (–134 msec, + 98 msec) for renal cortex and (–138 msec, + 107 msec) and (–118 msec, + 151 msec) for medulla. Overall T1 values for renal cortex (P = 0.277) and medulla (P = 0.973) were not significantly different between healthy volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients, in contrast to the cortex–medulla ratio (P = 0.003). Data Conclusion Renal native T1 mapping is a technique with good–strong intra‐ and examination reproducibility in both healthy volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:588–596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona A Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center and Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H M Paiman
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center and Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aiko P J de Vries
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center and Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center and Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Nezafat M, Nakamori S, Basha TA, Fahmy AS, Hauser T, Botnar RM. Imaging sequence for joint myocardial T 1 mapping and fat/water separation. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:486-494. [PMID: 30058096 PMCID: PMC6258274 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To develop and evaluate an imaging sequence to simultaneously quantify the epicardial fat volume and myocardial T1 relaxation time. Methods We introduced a novel simultaneous myocardial T1 mapping and fat/water separation sequence (joint T1‐fat/water separation). Dixon reconstruction is performed on a dual‐echo data set to generate water/fat images. T1 maps are computed using the water images, whereas the epicardial fat volume is calculated from the fat images. A phantom experiment using vials with different T1/T2 values and a bottle of oil was performed. Additional phantom experiment using vials of mixed fat/water was performed to show the potential of this sequence to mitigate the effect of intravoxel fat on estimated T1 maps. In vivo evaluation was performed in 17 subjects. Epicardial fat volume, native myocardial T1 measurements and precision were compared among slice‐interleaved T1 mapping, Dixon, and the proposed sequence. Results In the first phantom, the proposed sequence separated oil from water vials and there were no differences in T1 of the fat‐free vials (P = .1). In the second phantom, the T1 error decreased from 22%, 36%, 57%, and 73% to 8%, 9%, 16%, and 26%, respectively. In vivo there was no difference between myocardial T1 values (1067 ± 17 ms versus 1077 ± 24 ms, P = .6). The epicardial fat volume was similar for both sequences (54.3 ± 33 cm3 versus 52.4 ± 32 cm3, P = .8). Conclusion The proposed sequence provides simultaneous quantification of native myocardial T1 and epicardial fat volume. This will eliminate the need for an additional sequence in the cardiac imaging protocol if both measurements are clinically indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nezafat
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shiro Nakamori
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tamer A Basha
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Fahmy
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - René M Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
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Dekkers IA, Lamb HJ. Clinical application and technical considerations of T 1 & T 2(*) mapping in cardiac, liver, and renal imaging. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170825. [PMID: 29975154 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological tissue alterations due to disease processes such as fibrosis, edema and infiltrative disease can be non-invasively visualized and quantified by MRI using T1 and T2 relaxation properties. Pixel-wise mapping of T1 and T2 image sequences enable direct quantification of T1, T2(*), and extracellular volume values of the target organ of interest. Tissue characterization based on T1 and T2(*) mapping is currently making the transition from a research tool to a clinical modality, as clinical usefulness has been established for several diseases such as myocarditis, amyloidosis, Anderson-Fabry and iron deposition. Other potential clinical applications besides the heart include, quantification of steatosis, cirrhosis, hepatic siderosis and renal fibrosis. Here, we provide an overview of potential clinical applications of T1 andT2(*) mapping for imaging of cardiac, liver and renal disease. Furthermore, we give an overview of important technical considerations necessary for clinical implementation of quantitative parametric imaging, involving data acquisition, data analysis, quality assessment, and interpretation. In order to achieve clinical implementation of these techniques, standardization of T1 and T2(*) mapping methodology and validation of impact on clinical decision making is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona A Dekkers
- 1 Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- 1 Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Chen Y, Lo WC, Hamilton JI, Barkauskas K, Saybasili H, Wright KL, Batesole J, Griswold MA, Gulani V, Seiberlich N. Single breath-hold 3D cardiac T 1 mapping using through-time spiral GRAPPA. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3923. [PMID: 29637637 PMCID: PMC5980781 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of cardiac T1 relaxation time holds great potential for the detection of various cardiac diseases. However, as a result of both cardiac and respiratory motion, only one two-dimensional T1 map can be acquired in one breath-hold with most current techniques, which limits its application for whole heart evaluation in routine clinical practice. In this study, an electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered three-dimensional Look-Locker method was developed for cardiac T1 measurement. Fast three-dimensional data acquisition was achieved with a spoiled gradient-echo sequence in combination with a stack-of-spirals trajectory and through-time non-Cartesian generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) acceleration. The effects of different magnetic resonance parameters on T1 quantification with the proposed technique were first examined by simulating data acquisition and T1 map reconstruction using Bloch equation simulations. Accuracy was evaluated in studies with both phantoms and healthy subjects. These results showed that there was close agreement between the proposed technique and the reference method for a large range of T1 values in phantom experiments. In vivo studies further demonstrated that rapid cardiac T1 mapping for 12 three-dimensional partitions (spatial resolution, 2 × 2 × 8 mm3 ) could be achieved in a single breath-hold of ~12 s. The mean T1 values of myocardial tissue and blood obtained from normal volunteers at 3 T were 1311 ± 66 and 1890 ± 159 ms, respectively. In conclusion, a three-dimensional T1 mapping technique was developed using a non-Cartesian parallel imaging method, which enables fast and accurate T1 mapping of cardiac tissues in a single short breath-hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jesse I Hamilton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kestutis Barkauskas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Katherine L Wright
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua Batesole
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark A Griswold
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vikas Gulani
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Seiberlich
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Xanthis CG, Bidhult S, Greiser A, Chow K, Thompson RB, Arheden H, Aletras AH. Simulation-based quantification of native T1 and T2 of the myocardium using a modified MOLLI scheme and the importance of Magnetization Transfer. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ostovaneh MR, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Fuji T, Bakhshi H, Shah R, Murthy VL, Tracy RP, Guallar E, Wu CO, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. Association of Liver Fibrosis With Cardiovascular Diseases in the General Population: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11:e007241. [PMID: 29523555 PMCID: PMC5846116 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.007241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with liver fibrosis is poorly understood. We aim to assess the association of liver fibrosis by T1-mapping magnetic resonance imaging and CVD in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). METHODS AND RESULTS MESA enrolled 6814 participants free of clinical CVD at baseline (2000-2002). A subsample of participants underwent T1-mapping magnetic resonance imaging 10 years after the baseline (Y10 MESA exam, 2010-2012). Liver T1 maps were generated avoiding vessels and biliary ducts from which native T1 (n=2087) and extracellular volume fraction (ECV, n=1234) were determined. Higher ECV and native T1 were indicators of liver fibrosis. Linear regression analysis evaluated the cross-sectional relationship between liver native T1 and ECV at Y10 MESA exam with a history of CVD events (atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and coronary heart disease [CHD]). Of the 2087 participants (68.7±9.1 years; 46% females), 153 had prior CVD events (78 atrial fibrillation, 25 heart failure, and 78 CHD). History of CVD events was associated with 18.5 ms higher liver native T1 (P<0.001) and 1.4% greater ECV (P=0.06). Prior atrial fibrillation was related to higher liver native T1 (β=21.1; P=0.001) and greater ECV (β=2.2; P=0.02), whereas previous heart failure was associated with greater liver ECV (β=4.1; P=0.02). There was also a relationship of prior CHD with liver native T1 (β=13; P=0.05) and ECV (β=1.9; P=0.05), which was attenuated by adjustment for coronary artery calcium score (β=7.1 and 1.6; P=0.37 and 0.13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Liver fibrosis by T1-mapping magnetic resonance imaging is associated with history of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and CHD in a multiethnic cohort. The association of liver fibrosis and CHD is at least in part mediated by atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh
- From the Depatrment of Cardiology (M.R.O., T.F., H.B., E.G., J.A.C.L.) and the Department of Radiology (B.A.V.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.L.M.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (R.P.T.); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.O.W.); and Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison (D.A.B.).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Colin O. Wu
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
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Nezafat M, Ramos IT, Henningsson M, Protti A, Basha T, Botnar RM. Improved segmented modified Look-Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping sequence in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187621. [PMID: 29121086 PMCID: PMC5679534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Object To develop and evaluate a 2D modified Look-Locker (MOLLI) for high-resolution T1 mapping in mice using a 3T MRI scanner. Materials and methods To allow high-resolution T1 mapping in mice at high heart rates a multi-shot ECG-triggered 2D MOLLI sequence was developed. In the proposed T1 mapping sequence the optimal number of sampling points and pause cardiac cycles following an initial adiabatic inversion pulse was investigated in a phantom. Seven native control and eight mice, 3 days post myocardial infarction (MI) after administration of gadolinium were scanned. Two experienced readers graded the visual T1 map quality. Results In T1 phantoms, there were no significant differences (<0.4% error) between 12, 15 and 20 pause cardiac cycles (p = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.6 respectively) for 8 acquisition cardiac cycles for 600bpm in comparison to the conventional inversion recovery spin echo T1 mapping sequence for short T1’s (<600 ms). Subsequently, all in-vivo scans were performed with 8 data acquisitions and 12 pause cardiac cycles to minimize scan time. The mean native T1 value of myocardium in control animal was 820.5±52 ms. The post-contrast T1 measured 3 days after MI in scar was 264±59 ms and in healthy myocardium was 512±62 ms. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed mean difference of only -1.06% of infarct size percentage between T1 maps and LGE. Conclusions A multi-shot 2D MOLLI sequence has been presented that allows reliable measurement of high spatial resolution T1 maps in mice for heart rates up to 600bpm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nezafat
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabel T. Ramos
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Henningsson
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Protti
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamer Basha
- Cairo University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Giza, Egypt
| | - René M. Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
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Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, Grosse-Wortmann L, He T, Kellman P, Mascherbauer J, Nezafat R, Salerno M, Schelbert EB, Taylor AJ, Thompson R, Ugander M, van Heeswijk RB, Friedrich MG. Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:75. [PMID: 28992817 PMCID: PMC5633041 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 959] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parametric mapping techniques provide a non-invasive tool for quantifying tissue alterations in myocardial disease in those eligible for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Parametric mapping with CMR now permits the routine spatial visualization and quantification of changes in myocardial composition based on changes in T1, T2, and T2*(star) relaxation times and extracellular volume (ECV). These changes include specific disease pathways related to mainly intracellular disturbances of the cardiomyocyte (e.g., iron overload, or glycosphingolipid accumulation in Anderson-Fabry disease); extracellular disturbances in the myocardial interstitium (e.g., myocardial fibrosis or cardiac amyloidosis from accumulation of collagen or amyloid proteins, respectively); or both (myocardial edema with increased intracellular and/or extracellular water). Parametric mapping promises improvements in patient care through advances in quantitative diagnostics, inter- and intra-patient comparability, and relatedly improvements in treatment. There is a multitude of technical approaches and potential applications. This document provides a summary of the existing evidence for the clinical value of parametric mapping in the heart as of mid 2017, and gives recommendations for practical use in different clinical scenarios for scientists, clinicians, and CMR manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Messroghli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - James C. Moon
- University College London and Barts Heart Centre, London, UK
| | - Vanessa M. Ferreira
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Grosse-Wortmann
- Division of Cardiology in the Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Taigang He
- Cardiovascular Science Research Centre, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Julia Mascherbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reza Nezafat
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michael Salerno
- Departments of Medicine Cardiology Division, Radiology and Medical Imaging, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Erik B. Schelbert
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- UPMC Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Andrew J. Taylor
- The Alfred Hospital, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Martin Ugander
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruud B. van Heeswijk
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias G. Friedrich
- Departments of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec Canada
- Department of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Département de radiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
- Departments of Cardiac Sciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Hu C, Sinusas AJ, Huber S, Thorn S, Stacy MR, Mojibian H, Peters DC. T1-refBlochi: high resolution 3D post-contrast T1 myocardial mapping based on a single 3D late gadolinium enhancement volume, Bloch equations, and a reference T1. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:63. [PMID: 28821300 PMCID: PMC5563030 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High resolution 3D T1 mapping is important for assessment of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in left atrium or other thin-walled structures. In this work, we investigated a fast single-TI 3D high resolution T1 mapping method that directly transforms a 3D late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) volume to a 3D T1 map. METHODS The proposed method, T1-refBlochi, is based on Bloch equation modeling of the LGE signal, a single-point calibration, and assumptions that proton density and T2* are relatively uniform in the heart. Several sources of error of this method were analyzed mathematically and with simulations. Imaging was performed in phantoms, eight swine and five patients, comparing T1-refBlochi to a standard spin-echo T1 mapping, 3D multi-TI T1 mapping, and 2D ShMOLLI, respectively. RESULTS The method has a good accuracy and adequate precision, even considering various sources of error. In phantoms, over a range of protocols, heart-rates and T1 s, the bias ±1SD was -3 ms ± 9 ms. The porcine studies showed excellent agreement between T1-refBlochi and the multi-TI method (bias ±1SD = -6 ± 22 ms). The proton density and T2* weightings yielded ratios for scar/blood of 0.94 ± 0.01 and for myocardium/blood of 1.03 ± 0.02 in the eight swine, confirming that sufficient uniformity of proton density and T2* weightings exists among heterogeneous tissues of the heart. In the patients, the mean T1 bias ±1SD in myocardium and blood between T1-refBlochi and ShMOLLI was -9 ms ± 21 ms. CONCLUSION T1-refBlochi provides a fast single-TI high resolution 3D T1 map of the heart with good accuracy and adequate precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Hu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Albert J. Sinusas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Steffen Huber
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Stephanie Thorn
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Mitchel R. Stacy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Hamid Mojibian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Dana C. Peters
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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Marty B, Coppa B, Carlier PG. Fast, precise, and accurate myocardial T 1 mapping using a radial MOLLI sequence with FLASH readout. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:1387-1398. [PMID: 28671304 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative cardiac MRI, and more particularly T1 mapping, has become a most important modality to characterize myocardial tissue. In this work, the value of a radial variant of the conventional modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence (raMOLLI) is demonstrated. METHODS The raMOLLI acquisition scheme consisted of five radial echo trains of 80 spokes acquired using either a fast low-angle shot (FLASH) or a true fast imaging with steady-state-precession (TrueFISP) readout at different time points after a single magnetization inversion. View sharing combined with a compressed sensing algorithm allowed the reconstruction of 50 images along the T1 relaxation recovery curve, to which a dictionary-fitting approach was applied to estimate T1 . The sequence was validated on a nine-vial phantom, on 19 healthy subjects, and one patient suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy. RESULTS The raMOLLI sequence allowed a significant decrease of myocardial T1 map acquisition time down to five heartbeats, while exhibiting a higher degree of accuracy and a comparable precision on T1 value estimation than the conventional modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence. The FLASH readout demonstrated a better robustness to B0 inhomogeneities than TrueFISP, and was therefore preferred for in vivo acquisitions. CONCLUSIONS This sequence represents a good candidate for ultrafast acquisition of myocardial T1 maps. Magn Reson Med 79:1387-1398, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Marty
- Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France.,CEA, DRF, IBFJ, MIRCen, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - B Coppa
- Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France.,CEA, DRF, IBFJ, MIRCen, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - P G Carlier
- Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France.,CEA, DRF, IBFJ, MIRCen, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
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Abstract
Quantitative myocardial and blood T1 have recently achieved clinical utility in numerous pathologies, as they provide non-invasive tissue characterization with the potential to replace invasive biopsy. Native T1 time (no contrast agent), changes with myocardial extracellular water (edema, focal or diffuse fibrosis), fat, iron, and amyloid protein content. After contrast, the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) estimates the size of the extracellular space and identifies interstitial disease. Spatially resolved quantification of these biomarkers (so-called T1 mapping and ECV mapping) are steadily becoming diagnostic and prognostically useful tests for several heart muscle diseases, influencing clinical decision-making with a pending second consensus statement due mid-2017. This review outlines the physics involved in estimating T1 times and summarizes the disease-specific clinical and research impacts of T1 and ECV to date. We conclude by highlighting some of the remaining challenges such as their community-wide delivery, quality control, and standardization for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Radenkovic
- Barts Heart Center, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
- University College London Medical School, Bloomsbury Campus, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Weingärtner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Medicine Cardiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lewis Ricketts
- University College London Medical School, Bloomsbury Campus, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Barts Heart Center, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Center, Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Barts Heart Center, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK.
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Center, Tottenham Court Road, London, UK.
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
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Towards accurate and precise T 1 and extracellular volume mapping in the myocardium: a guide to current pitfalls and their solutions. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 31:143-163. [PMID: 28608328 PMCID: PMC5813078 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-017-0631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mapping of the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and extracellular volume (ECV) offers a means of identifying pathological changes in myocardial tissue, including diffuse changes that may be invisible to existing T1-weighted methods. This technique has recently shown strong clinical utility for pathologies such as Anderson-Fabry disease and amyloidosis and has generated clinical interest as a possible means of detecting small changes in diffuse fibrosis; however, scatter in T1 and ECV estimates offers challenges for detecting these changes, and bias limits comparisons between sites and vendors. There are several technical and physiological pitfalls that influence the accuracy (bias) and precision (repeatability) of T1 and ECV mapping methods. The goal of this review is to describe the most significant of these, and detail current solutions, in order to aid scientists and clinicians to maximise the utility of T1 mapping in their clinical or research setting. A detailed summary of technical and physiological factors, issues relating to contrast agents, and specific disease-related issues is provided, along with some considerations on the future directions of the field.
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