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Sibilia F, Jost-Mousseau C, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Büchel C, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Bokde AL. The relationship between negative life events and cortical structural connectivity in adolescents. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:201-210. [PMID: 38348392 PMCID: PMC10859284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial period for physical and psychological development. The impact of negative life events represents a risk factor for the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between negative life events and structural brain connectivity, considering both graph theory and connectivity strength. A group (n = 487) of adolescents from the IMAGEN Consortium was divided into Low and High Stress groups. Brain networks were extracted at an individual level, based on morphological similarity between grey matter regions with regions defined using an atlas-based region of interest (ROI) approach. Between-group comparisons were performed with global and local graph theory measures in a range of sparsity levels. The analysis was also performed in a larger sample of adolescents (n = 976) to examine linear correlations between stress level and network measures. Connectivity strength differences were investigated with network-based statistics. Negative life events were not found to be a factor influencing global network measures at any sparsity level. At local network level, between-group differences were found in centrality measures of the left somato-motor network (a decrease of betweenness centrality was seen at sparsity 5%), of the bilateral central visual and the left dorsal attention network (increase of degree at sparsity 10% at sparsity 30% respectively). Network-based statistics analysis showed an increase in connectivity strength in the High stress group in edges connecting the dorsal attention, limbic and salience networks. This study suggests negative life events alone do not alter structural connectivity globally, but they are associated to connectivity properties in areas involved in emotion and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sibilia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Coline Jost-Mousseau
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J. Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun L.W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - IMAGEN Consortium
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences, Paris, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, VT, USA
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Petzold J, Schmitter S, Silemek B, Winter L, Speck O, Ittermann B, Seifert F. Investigation of alternative RF power limit control methods for 0.5T, 1.5T, and 3T parallel transmission cardiac imaging: A simulation study. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1659-1675. [PMID: 38031517 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate safety and performance aspects of parallel-transmit (pTx) RF control-modes for a body coil atB 0 ≤ 3 T $$ {B}_0\le 3\mathrm{T} $$ . METHODS Electromagnetic simulations of 11 human voxel models in cardiac imaging position were conducted forB 0 = 0.5 T $$ {B}_0=0.5\mathrm{T} $$ ,1.5 T $$ 1.5\mathrm{T} $$ and3 T $$ 3\mathrm{T} $$ and a body coil with a configurable number of transmit channels (1, 2, 4, 8, 16). Three safety modes were considered: the 'SAR-controlled mode' (SCM), where specific absorption rate (SAR) is limited directly, a 'phase agnostic SAR-controlled mode' (PASCM), where phase information is neglected, and a 'power-controlled mode' (PCM), where the voltage amplitude for each channel is limited. For either mode, safety limits were established based on a set of 'anchor' simulations and then evaluated in 'target' simulations on previously unseen models. The comparison allowed to derive safety factors accounting for varying patient anatomies. All control modes were compared in terms of theB 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ amplitude and homogeneity they permit under their respective safety requirements. RESULTS Large safety factors (approximately five) are needed if only one or two anchor models are investigated but they shrink with increasing number of anchors. The achievableB 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ is highest for SCM but this advantage is reduced when the safety factor is included. PCM appears to be more robust against variations of subjects. PASCM performance is mostly in between SCM and PCM. Compared to standard circularly polarized (CP) excitation, pTx offers minorB 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ improvements if local SAR limits are always enforced. CONCLUSION PTx body coils can safely be used atB 0 ≤ 3 T $$ {B}_0\le 3\mathrm{T} $$ . Uncertainties in patient anatomy must be accounted for, however, by simulating many models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Petzold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Berk Silemek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Winter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
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Silemek B, Seifert F, Petzold J, Brühl R, Ittermann B, Winter L. Wirelessly interfacing sensor-equipped implants and MR scanners for improved safety and imaging. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2608-2626. [PMID: 37533167 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate a novel reduced RF heating method for imaging in the presence of active implanted medical devices (AIMDs) which employs a sensor-equipped implant that provides wireless feedback. METHODS The implant, consisting of a generator case and a lead, measures RF-inducedE $$ E $$ -fields at the implant tip using a simple sensor in the generator case and transmits these values wirelessly to the MR scanner. Based on the sensor signal alone, parallel transmission (pTx) excitation vectors were calculated to suppress tip heating and maintain image quality. A sensor-based imaging metric was introduced to assess the image quality. The methodology was studied at 7T in testbed experiments, and at a 3T scanner in an ASTM phantom containing AIMDs instrumented with six realistic deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead configurations adapted from patients. RESULTS The implant successfully measured RF-inducedE $$ E $$ -fields (Pearson correlation coefficient squared [R2 ] = 0.93) and temperature rises (R2 = 0.95) at the implant tip. The implant acquired the relevant data needed to calculate the pTx excitation vectors and transmitted them wirelessly to the MR scanner within a single shot RF sequence (<60 ms). Temperature rises for six realistic DBS lead configurations were reduced to 0.03-0.14 K for heating suppression modes compared to 0.52-3.33 K for the worst-case heating, while imaging quality remained comparable (five of six lead imaging scores were ≥0.80/1.00) to conventional circular polarization (CP) images. CONCLUSION Implants with sensors that can communicate with an MR scanner can substantially improve safety for patients in a fast and automated manner, easing the current burden for MR personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Silemek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Petzold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Winter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
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4
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Albaugh MD, Owens MM, Juliano A, Ottino-Gonzalez J, Cupertino R, Cao Z, Mackey S, Lepage C, Rioux P, Evans A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Conrod P, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Potter A, Garavan H. Differential associations of adolescent versus young adult cannabis initiation with longitudinal brain change and behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5173-5182. [PMID: 37369720 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Leveraging ~10 years of prospective longitudinal data on 704 participants, we examined the effects of adolescent versus young adult cannabis initiation on MRI-assessed cortical thickness development and behavior. Data were obtained from the IMAGEN study conducted across eight European sites. We identified IMAGEN participants who reported being cannabis-naïve at baseline and had data available at baseline, 5-year, and 9-year follow-up visits. Cannabis use was assessed with the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Drugs. T1-weighted MR images were processed through the CIVET pipeline. Cannabis initiation occurring during adolescence (14-19 years) and young adulthood (19-22 years) was associated with differing patterns of longitudinal cortical thickness change. Associations between adolescent cannabis initiation and cortical thickness change were observed primarily in dorso- and ventrolateral portions of the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, cannabis initiation occurring between 19 and 22 years of age was associated with thickness change in temporal and cortical midline areas. Follow-up analysis revealed that longitudinal brain change related to adolescent initiation persisted into young adulthood and partially mediated the association between adolescent cannabis use and past-month cocaine, ecstasy, and cannabis use at age 22. Extent of cannabis initiation during young adulthood (from 19 to 22 years) had an indirect effect on psychotic symptoms at age 22 through thickness change in temporal areas. Results suggest that developmental timing of cannabis exposure may have a marked effect on neuroanatomical correlates of cannabis use as well as associated behavioral sequelae. Critically, this work provides a foundation for neurodevelopmentally informed models of cannabis exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Max M Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Anthony Juliano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Renata Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Claude Lepage
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Rioux
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Developmental trajectories & psychiatry""; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette; and Etablissement Public de Santé (EPS) Barthélemy Durand, 91700, Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitaliere Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Dept of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Alexandra Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Liao Z, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Artiges E, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Paus T. Hemispheric asymmetry in cortical thinning reflects intrinsic organization of the neurotransmitter systems and homotopic functional connectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306990120. [PMID: 37831741 PMCID: PMC10589642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306990120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric lateralization and its origins have been of great interest in neuroscience for over a century. The left-right asymmetry in cortical thickness may stem from differential maturation of the cerebral cortex in the two hemispheres. Here, we investigated the spatial pattern of hemispheric differences in cortical thinning during adolescence, and its relationship with the density of neurotransmitter receptors and homotopic functional connectivity. Using longitudinal data from IMAGEN study (N = 532), we found that many cortical regions in the frontal and temporal lobes thinned more in the right hemisphere than in the left. Conversely, several regions in the occipital and parietal lobes thinned less in the right (vs. left) hemisphere. We then revealed that regions thinning more in the right (vs. left) hemispheres had higher density of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters in the right (vs. left) side. Moreover, the hemispheric differences in cortical thinning were predicted by homotopic functional connectivity. Specifically, regions with stronger homotopic functional connectivity showed a more symmetrical rate of cortical thinning between the left and right hemispheres, compared with regions with weaker homotopic functional connectivity. Based on these findings, we suggest that the typical patterns of hemispheric differences in cortical thinning may reflect the intrinsic organization of the neurotransmitter systems and related patterns of homotopic functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Liao
- Research Centre of Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QCH3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QCH3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim68159, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, DublinD02 PN40, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, DublinD02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim69117, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim68131, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris F-91191, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin38116, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Developmental trajectories & psychiatry” Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Paris75006, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Developmental trajectories & psychiatry” Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Paris75006, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris75006, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Developmental trajectories & psychiatry” Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Paris75006, France
- Etablissement Public de Santé Barthélemy Durand, Paris91700, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim68159, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim69117, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel24118, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen37075, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim68159, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim68159, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01087, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01087, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, DublinD02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai200437, Peoples Republic of China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Research Centre of Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QCH3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QCH3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QCH3T 1J4, Canada
| | - IMAGEN Consortium
- Research Centre of Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QCH3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QCH3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim68159, Germany
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, DublinD02 PN40, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, DublinD02 PN40, Ireland
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim69117, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim68131, Germany
- NeuroSpin, Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris F-91191, France
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin38116, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Developmental trajectories & psychiatry” Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Paris75006, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris75006, France
- Etablissement Public de Santé Barthélemy Durand, Paris91700, France
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel24118, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen37075, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01087, Germany
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, DublinD02 PN40, Ireland
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai200437, Peoples Republic of China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QCH3T 1J4, Canada
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6
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Xie C, Xiang S, Shen C, Peng X, Kang J, Li Y, Cheng W, He S, Bobou M, Broulidakis MJ, van Noort BM, Zhang Z, Robinson L, Vaidya N, Winterer J, Zhang Y, King S, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Lemaître H, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Schmidt U, Sinclair J, Smolka MN, Stringaris A, Walter H, Whelan R, Desrivières S, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Schumann G, Jia T, Feng J. Author Correction: A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity. Nat Med 2023; 29:2375. [PMID: 37558759 PMCID: PMC10504065 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shitong Xiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Shen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuerui Peng
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jujiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi He
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marina Bobou
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M John Broulidakis
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zuo Zhang
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lauren Robinson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section for Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanne Winterer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Psychology Department, B44 University Rd, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sinead King
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Medicine, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, C.E.A., Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- NeuroSpin, C.E.A., Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 992 INSERM, CEA, Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie', Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie', Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section for Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Julia Sinclair
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Division of Psychiatry and Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- PONS Centre, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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7
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Pijnenburg LJ, Kaplun A, de Haan L, Janecka M, Smith L, Reichenberg A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Velthorst E. Autistic traits and alcohol use in adolescents within the general population. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1633-1642. [PMID: 35318541 PMCID: PMC10460309 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that autistic traits are associated with less frequent alcohol use in adolescence. Our study seeks to examine the relationship between autistic traits and alcohol use in a large adolescent population. Leveraging data from the IMAGEN cohort, including 2045 14-year-old adolescents that were followed-up to age 18, we selected items on social preference/skills and rigidity from different questionnaires. We used linear regression models to (1) test the effect of the sum scores on the prevalence of alcohol use (AUDIT-C) over time, (2) explore the relationship between autistic traits and alcohol use patterns, and (3) explore the specific effect of each autistic trait on alcohol use. Higher scores on the selected items were associated with trajectories of less alcohol use from the ages between 14 and 18 (b = - 0.030; CI 95% = - 0.042, - 0.017; p < 0.001). Among adolescents who used alcohol, those who reported more autistic traits were also drinking less per occasion than their peers and were less likely to engage in binge drinking. We found significant associations between alcohol use and social preference (p < 0.001), nervousness for new situations (p = 0.001), and detail orientation (p < 0.001). Autistic traits (social impairment, detail orientation, and anxiety) may buffer against alcohol use in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Pijnenburg
- GGZ Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anais Kaplun
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Janecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", UniversityParis Sud, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Department of Psychology, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Humboldt University, Campus Charite Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York City, NY, USA
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8
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Petzold J, Schmitter S, Silemek B, Winter L, Speck O, Ittermann B, Seifert F. Towards an integrated radiofrequency safety concept for implant carriers in MRI based on sensor-equipped implants and parallel transmission. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4900. [PMID: 36624556 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To protect implant carriers in MRI from excessive radiofrequency (RF) heating it has previously been suggested to assess that hazard via sensors on the implant. Other work recommended parallel transmission (pTx) to actively mitigate implant-related heating. Here, both ideas are integrated into one comprehensive safety concept where native pTx safety (without implant) is ensured by state-of-the-art field simulations and the implant-specific hazard is quantified in situ using physical sensors. The concept is demonstrated by electromagnetic simulations performed on a human voxel model with a simplified spinal-cord implant in an eight-channel pTx body coil at 3 T . To integrate implant and native safety, the sensor signal must be calibrated in terms of an established safety metric (e.g., specific absorption rate [SAR]). Virtual experiments show that E -field and implant-current sensors are well suited for this purpose, while temperature sensors require some caution, and B 1 probes are inadequate. Based on an implant sensor matrix Q s , constructed in situ from sensor readings, and precomputed native SAR limits, a vector space of safe RF excitations is determined where both global (native) and local (implant-related) safety requirements are satisfied. Within this safe-excitation subspace, the solution with the best image quality in terms of B 1 + magnitude and homogeneity is then found by a straightforward optimization algorithm. In the investigated example, the optimized pTx shim provides a 3-fold higher mean B 1 + magnitude compared with circularly polarized excitation for a maximum implant-related temperature increase ∆ T imp ≤ 1 K . To date, sensor-equipped implants interfaced to a pTx scanner exist as demonstrator items in research labs, but commercial devices are not yet within sight. This paper aims to demonstrate the significant benefits of such an approach and how this could impact implant-related RF safety in MRI. Today, the responsibility for safe implant scanning lies with the implant manufacturer and the MRI operator; within the sensor concept, the MRI manufacturer would assume much of the operator's current responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Petzold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Berk Silemek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Winter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
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9
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Göschel L, Kurz L, Dell'Orco A, Köbe T, Körtvélyessy P, Fillmer A, Aydin S, Riemann LT, Wang H, Ittermann B, Grittner U, Flöel A. 7T amygdala and hippocampus subfields in volumetry-based associations with memory: A 3-year follow-up study of early Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103439. [PMID: 37253284 PMCID: PMC10236463 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hippocampus is the most prominent single region of interest (ROI) for the diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its suitability in the earliest stages of cognitive decline, i.e., subjective cognitive decline (SCD), remains uncertain which warrants the pursuit of alternative or complementary regions. The amygdala might be a promising candidate, given its implication in memory as well as other psychiatric disorders, e.g. depression and anxiety, which are prevalent in SCD. In this 7 tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, we aimed to compare the contribution of volumetric measurements of the hippocampus, the amygdala, and their respective subfields, for early diagnosis and prediction in an AD-related study population. METHODS Participants from a longitudinal study were grouped into SCD (n = 29), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 23), AD (n = 22) and healthy control (HC, n = 31). All participants underwent 7T MRI at baseline and extensive neuropsychological testing at up to three visits (baseline n = 105, 1-year n = 78, 3-year n = 39). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess group differences of baseline volumes of the amygdala and the hippocampus and their subfields. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the effects of baseline volumes on yearly changes of a z-scaled memory score. All models were adjusted to age, sex and education. RESULTS Compared to the HC group, individuals with SCD showed smaller amygdala ROI volumes (range across subfields -11% to -1%), but not hippocampus ROI volumes (-2% to 1%) except for the hippocampus-amygdala-transition-area (-7%). However, cross-sectional associations between baseline memory and volumes were smaller for amygdala ROIs (std. ß [95% CI] ranging between 0.16 [0.08; 0.25] and 0.46 [0.31; 0.60]) than hippocampus ROIs (between 0.32 [0.19; 0.44] and 0.53 [0.40; 0.67]). Further, the association of baseline volumes with yearly memory change in the HC and SCD groups was similarly weak for amygdala ROIs and hippocampus ROIs. In the MCI group, volumes of amygdala ROIs were associated with a relevant yearly memory decline [95% CI] ranging between -0.12 [-0.24; 0.00] and -0.26 [-0.42; -0.09] for individuals with 20% smaller volumes than the HC group. However, effects were stronger for hippocampus ROIs with a corresponding yearly memory decline ranging between -0.21 [-0.35; -0.07] and -0.31 [-0.50; -0.13]. CONCLUSION Volumes of amygdala ROIs, as determined by 7T MRI, might contribute to objectively and non-invasively identify patients with SCD, and thus aid early diagnosis and treatment of individuals at risk to develop dementia due to AD, however associations with other psychiatric disorders should be evaluated in further studies. The amygdala's value in the prediction of longitudinal memory changes in the SCD group remains questionable. Primarily in patients with MCI, memory decline over 3 years appears to be more strongly associated with volumes of hippocampus ROIs than amygdala ROIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Göschel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NCRC - Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lea Kurz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NCRC - Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Dell'Orco
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NCRC - Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuroradiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Köbe
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Projektträger (DLR-PT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Körtvélyessy
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), site Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ariane Fillmer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Semiha Aydin
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Layla Tabea Riemann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; Institute for Applied Medical Informatics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Wang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NCRC - Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, University Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Standort Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Xie C, Xiang S, Shen C, Peng X, Kang J, Li Y, Cheng W, He S, Bobou M, Broulidakis MJ, van Noort BM, Zhang Z, Robinson L, Vaidya N, Winterer J, Zhang Y, King S, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Lemaître H, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Schmidt U, Sinclair J, Smolka MN, Stringaris A, Walter H, Whelan R, Desrivières S, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Schumann G, Jia T, Feng J. A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity. Nat Med 2023; 29:1232-1242. [PMID: 37095248 PMCID: PMC10202801 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies proposed a general psychopathology factor underlying common comorbidities among psychiatric disorders. However, its neurobiological mechanisms and generalizability remain elusive. In this study, we used a large longitudinal neuroimaging cohort from adolescence to young adulthood (IMAGEN) to define a neuropsychopathological (NP) factor across externalizing and internalizing symptoms using multitask connectomes. We demonstrate that this NP factor might represent a unified, genetically determined, delayed development of the prefrontal cortex that further leads to poor executive function. We also show this NP factor to be reproducible in multiple developmental periods, from preadolescence to early adulthood, and generalizable to the resting-state connectome and clinical samples (the ADHD-200 Sample and the Stratify Project). In conclusion, we identify a reproducible and general neural basis underlying symptoms of multiple mental health disorders, bridging multidimensional evidence from behavioral, neuroimaging and genetic substrates. These findings may help to develop new therapeutic interventions for psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shitong Xiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Shen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuerui Peng
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jujiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi He
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marina Bobou
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M John Broulidakis
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Zuo Zhang
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lauren Robinson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section for Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanne Winterer
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sinead King
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Medicine, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, C.E.A., Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie', Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie', Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section for Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Julia Sinclair
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Division of Psychiatry and Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- PONS Centre, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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11
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Ladd ME, Quick HH, Speck O, Bock M, Doerfler A, Forsting M, Hennig J, Ittermann B, Möller HE, Nagel AM, Niendorf T, Remy S, Schaeffter T, Scheffler K, Schlemmer HP, Schmitter S, Schreiber L, Shah NJ, Stöcker T, Uder M, Villringer A, Weiskopf N, Zaiss M, Zaitsev M. Germany's journey toward 14 Tesla human magnetic resonance. MAGMA 2023; 36:191-210. [PMID: 37029886 PMCID: PMC10140098 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sites within Germany operate human MRI systems with magnetic fields either at 7 Tesla or 9.4 Tesla. In 2013, these sites formed a network to facilitate and harmonize the research being conducted at the different sites and make this technology available to a larger community of researchers and clinicians not only within Germany, but also worldwide. The German Ultrahigh Field Imaging (GUFI) network has defined a strategic goal to establish a 14 Tesla whole-body human MRI system as a national research resource in Germany as the next progression in magnetic field strength. This paper summarizes the history of this initiative, the current status, the motivation for pursuing MR imaging and spectroscopy at such a high magnetic field strength, and the technical and funding challenges involved. It focuses on the scientific and science policy process from the perspective in Germany, and is not intended to be a comprehensive systematic review of the benefits and technical challenges of higher field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Harald H Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald E Möller
- Methods and Development Group Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Remy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaeffter
- Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Schreiber
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- MR Physics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maxim Zaitsev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Elkrief L, Lin B, Marchi M, Afzali MH, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Luykx J, Boks MP, Conrod PJ. Independent contribution of polygenic risk for schizophrenia and cannabis use in predicting psychotic-like experiences in young adulthood: testing gene × environment moderation and mediation. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1759-1769. [PMID: 37310336 PMCID: PMC10106286 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has not yet been determined if the commonly reported cannabis-psychosis association is limited to individuals with pre-existing genetic risk for psychotic disorders. METHODS We examined whether the relationship between polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-Sz) and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), as measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-42 (CAPE-42) questionnaire, is mediated or moderated by lifetime cannabis use at 16 years of age in 1740 of the individuals of the European IMAGEN cohort. Secondary analysis examined the relationships between lifetime cannabis use, PRS-Sz and the various sub-scales of the CAPE-42. Sensitivity analyses including covariates, including a PRS for cannabis use, were conducted and results were replicated using data from 1223 individuals in the Dutch Utrecht cannabis cohort. RESULTS PRS-Sz significantly predicted cannabis use (p = 0.027) and PLE (p = 0.004) in the IMAGEN cohort. In the full model, considering PRS-Sz and covariates, cannabis use was also significantly associated with PLE in IMAGEN (p = 0.007). Results remained consistent in the Utrecht cohort and through sensitivity analyses. Nevertheless, there was no evidence of a mediation or moderation effects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cannabis use remains a risk factor for PLEs, over and above genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. This research does not support the notion that the cannabis-psychosis link is limited to individuals who are genetically predisposed to psychosis and suggests a need for research focusing on cannabis-related processes in psychosis that cannot be explained by genetic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Elkrief
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bochao Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mattia Marchi
- Department Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi, 287–41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Mohammad H Afzali
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2 - 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- PONS Research Group, Dept of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany, and Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jurjen Luykx
- Department Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco P. Boks
- Department Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia J. Conrod
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Albaugh MD, Hudziak JJ, Spechler PA, Chaarani B, Lepage C, Jeon S, Rioux P, Evans AC, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Flor H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Potter AS, Garavan H. Conduct problems are associated with accelerated thinning of emotion-related cortical regions in a community-based sample of adolescents. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 330:111614. [PMID: 36812809 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association between conduct problems and cerebral cortical development. Herein, we characterize the association between age-related brain change and conduct problems in a large longitudinal, community-based sample of adolescents. 1,039 participants from the IMAGEN study possessed psychopathology and surface-based morphometric data at study baseline (M = 14.42 years, SD = 0.40; 559 females) and 5-year follow-up. Self-reports of conduct problems were obtained using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Vertex-level linear mixed effects models were implemented using the Matlab toolbox, SurfStat. To investigate the extent to which cortical thickness maturation was qualified by dimensional measures of conduct problems, we tested for an interaction between age and SDQ Conduct Problems (CP) score. There was no main effect of CP score on cortical thickness; however, a significant "Age by CP" interaction was revealed in bilateral insulae, left inferior frontal gyrus, left rostral anterior cingulate, left posterior cingulate, and bilateral inferior parietal cortices. Across regions, follow-up analysis revealed higher levels of CP were associated with accelerated age-related thinning. Findings were not meaningfully altered when controlling for alcohol use, co-occurring psychopathology, and socioeconomic status. Results may help to further elucidate neurodevelopmental patterns linking adolescent conduct problems with adverse adult outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America.
| | - James J Hudziak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Philip A Spechler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Claude Lepage
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Seun Jeon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Rioux
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany [or depending on journal requirements can be: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2 - 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrieȝ, University Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris; France; AP-HP. Sorbonne University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexandra S Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
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14
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Topriceanu CC, Fornasiero M, Seo H, Webber M, Keenan KE, Stupic KF, Bruehl R, Ittermann B, Price K, McGrath L, Pang W, Hughes AD, Nezafat R, Kellman P, Pierce I, Moon JC, Captur G. Developing a medical device-grade T 2 phantom optimized for myocardial T 2 mapping by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2023; 25:19. [PMID: 36935515 PMCID: PMC10026458 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-023-00926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A long T2 relaxation time can reflect oedema, and myocardial inflammation when combined with increased plasma troponin levels. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T2 mapping therefore has potential to provide a key diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, T2 varies by scanner, software, and sequence, highlighting the need for standardization and for a quality assurance system for T2 mapping in CMR. AIM To fabricate and assess a phantom dedicated to the quality assurance of T2 mapping in CMR. METHOD A T2 mapping phantom was manufactured to contain 9 T1 and T2 (T1|T2) tubes to mimic clinically relevant native and post-contrast T2 in myocardium across the health to inflammation spectrum (i.e., 43-74 ms) and across both field strengths (1.5 and 3 T). We evaluated the phantom's structural integrity, B0 and B1 uniformity using field maps, and temperature dependence. Baseline reference T1|T2 were measured using inversion recovery gradient echo and single-echo spin echo (SE) sequences respectively, both with long repetition times (10 s). Long-term reproducibility of T1|T2 was determined by repeated T1|T2 mapping of the phantom at baseline and at 12 months. RESULTS The phantom embodies 9 internal agarose-containing T1|T2 tubes doped with nickel di-chloride (NiCl2) as the paramagnetic relaxation modifier to cover the clinically relevant spectrum of myocardial T2. The tubes are surrounded by an agarose-gel matrix which is doped with NiCl2 and packed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) beads. All tubes at both field strengths, showed measurement errors up to ≤ 7.2 ms [< 14.7%] for estimated T2 by balanced steady-state free precession T2 mapping compared to reference SE T2 with the exception of the post-contrast tube of ultra-low T1 where the deviance was up to 16 ms [40.0%]. At 12 months, the phantom remained free of air bubbles, susceptibility, and off-resonance artifacts. The inclusion of HDPE beads effectively flattened the B0 and B1 magnetic fields in the imaged slice. Independent temperature dependency experiments over the 13-38 °C range confirmed the greater stability of shorter vs longer T1|T2 tubes. Excellent long-term (12-month) reproducibility of measured T1|T2 was demonstrated across both field strengths (all coefficients of variation < 1.38%). CONCLUSION The T2 mapping phantom demonstrates excellent structural integrity, B0 and B1 uniformity, and reproducibility of its internal tube T1|T2 out to 1 year. This device may now be mass-produced to support the quality assurance of T2 mapping in CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin-Cristian Topriceanu
- Barts Heart Center, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | | | - Han Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Matthew Webber
- Barts Heart Center, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Kathryn E Keenan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Karl F Stupic
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Rüdiger Bruehl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsty Price
- UCL Bloomsbury Center for Clinical Phenotyping, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Louise McGrath
- UCL Bloomsbury Center for Clinical Phenotyping, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Wenjie Pang
- Resonance Health (RH), 141 Burswood Road, Burswood, WA, 6100, Australia
| | - Alun D Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Reza Nezafat
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peter Kellman
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Iain Pierce
- Barts Heart Center, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Barts Heart Center, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Consultant Cardiologist in Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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15
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Kant IMJ, de Bresser J, van Montfort SJT, Witkamp TD, Walraad B, Spies CD, Hendrikse J, van Dellen E, Slooter AJC, Winterer G, Pischon T, Boraschi D, Schneider R, N#x00FC;rnberg P, Norman Zacharias MP, Morgeli R, Olbert M, Lachmann G, Borchers F, Ofosu K, Yurek F, Wolf A, Gallinat J, Hendrikse J, Slooter A, van Dellen E, Stamatakis E, Preller J, Menon D, Moreno-Lopez L, Winzeck S, Feinkohl I, Italiani P, Melillo D, Camera GD, Krause R, Heidtke K, Kuhn S, Kronabel M, Dscietzig TB, Armbruster FP, Hafen B, Ruppert J, Bocher A, Helmschrodt A, Weyer M, Hartmann K, Diehl I, Weber S, Fillmer A, Ittermann B. Postoperative delirium is associated with grey matter brain volume loss. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad013. [PMID: 36819940 PMCID: PMC9933897 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Delirium is associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction and with increased brain atrophy. However, it is unclear whether these problems result from or predisposes to delirium. We aimed to investigate preoperative to postoperative brain changes, as well as the role of delirium in these changes over time. We investigated the effects of surgery and postoperative delirium with brain MRIs made before and 3 months after major elective surgery in 299 elderly patients, and an MRI with a 3 months follow-up MRI in 48 non-surgical control participants. To study the effects of surgery and delirium, we compared brain volumes, white matter hyperintensities and brain infarcts between baseline and follow-up MRIs, using multiple regression analyses adjusting for possible confounders. Within the patients group, 37 persons (12%) developed postoperative delirium. Surgical patients showed a greater decrease in grey matter volume than non-surgical control participants [linear regression: B (95% confidence interval) = -0.65% of intracranial volume (-1.01 to -0.29, P < 0.005)]. Within the surgery group, delirium was associated with a greater decrease in grey matter volume [B (95% confidence interval): -0.44% of intracranial volume (-0.82 to -0.06, P = 0.02)]. Furthermore, within the patients, delirium was associated with a non-significantly increased risk of a new postoperative brain infarct [logistic regression: odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.8 (0.7-11.1), P = 0.14]. Our study was the first to investigate the association between delirium and preoperative to postoperative brain volume changes, suggesting that delirium is associated with increased progression of grey matter volume loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse M J Kant
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands,Department of Information Technology and Digital Innovation, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Bresser
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J T van Montfort
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Theodoor D Witkamp
- Department of Radiology and University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Walraad
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia D Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology and University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van Dellen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry and University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen J C Slooter
- Correspondence to: Arjen Slooter Department of Intensive Care Medicine University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100 Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands E-mail:
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16
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Weichenberger M, Bug MU, Brühl R, Ittermann B, Koch C, Kühn S. Air-conducted ultrasound below the hearing threshold elicits functional changes in the cognitive control network. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277727. [PMID: 36512612 PMCID: PMC9747049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Air-conducted ultrasound (> 17.8 kHz; US) is produced by an increasing number of technical devices in our daily environment. While several studies indicate that exposure to US in public spaces can lead to subjective symptoms such as 'annoyance' or 'difficulties in concentration', the effects of US on brain activity are poorly understood. In the present study, individual hearing thresholds (HT) for sounds in the US frequency spectrum were assessed in 21 normal-hearing participants. The effects of US were then investigated by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 15 of these participants underwent three resting-state acquisitions, two with a 21.5 kHz tone presented monaurally at 5 dB above (ATC) and 10 dB below (BTC) the HT and one without auditory stimulation (NTC), as well as three runs of an n-back working memory task involving similar stimulus conditions (n-ATC, n-BTC, n-NTC). Comparing data gathered during n-NTC vs. fixation, we found that task performance was associated with the recruitment of regions within the cognitive control network, including prefrontal and parietal areas as well as the cerebellum. Direct contrasts of the two stimulus conditions (n-ATC & n-BTC) vs. n-NTC showed no significant differences in brain activity, irrespective of whether a whole-brain or a region of interest approach with primary auditory cortex as the seed was used. Likewise, no differences were found when the resting-state runs were compared. However, contrast analysis (n-BTC vs. n-ATC) revealed a strong activation in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, triangular part) only when US was presented below the HT (p < 0.001, cluster > 30). In addition, IFG activation was also associated with faster reaction times during n-BTC (p = 0.033) as well as with verbal reports obtained after resting-state, i.e., the more unpleasant sound was perceived during BTC vs. ATC, the higher activation in bilateral IFG was and vice versa (p = 0.003). While this study provides no evidence for activation of primary auditory cortex in response to audible US (even though participants heard the sounds), it indicates that US can lead to changes in the cognitive control network and affect cognitive performance only when presented below the HT. Activation of bilateral IFG could reflect an increase in cognitive demand when focusing on task performance in the presence of slightly unpleasant and/or distracting US that may not be fully controllable by attentional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Weichenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marion U. Bug
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Göschel L, Fillmer A, Dell'Orco A, Melin J, Aydin S, Kurz L, Riemann LT, Wang H, Ittermann B, Rujescu D, Pendrill L, Köbe T, Flöel A. Associations between the glial marker myo‐inositol measured by 7T MRS and other AD‐relevant measures. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.069340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Göschel
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology Charitéplatz 1 Berlin Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center Charitéplatz 1 Berlin Germany
| | - Ariane Fillmer
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Andrea Dell'Orco
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology Charitéplatz 1 Berlin Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center Charitéplatz 1 Berlin Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuroradiology Charitéplatz 1 Berlin Germany
| | - Jeanette Melin
- RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Safety and Transport, Measurement Science and Technology Göteborg Sweden
| | - Semiha Aydin
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Lea Kurz
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology Charitéplatz 1 Berlin Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center Charitéplatz 1 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology and pain treatment, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, University Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane Rüdersdorf bei Berlin Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry Währiger Gürtel 18‐20 Vienna Austria
| | - Leslie Pendrill
- RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Safety and Transport, Measurement Science and Technology Göteborg Sweden
| | - Theresa Köbe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Standort Rostock/Greifswald Greifswald Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany
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18
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Kilian D, Kilian W, Troia A, Nguyen TD, Ittermann B, Zilberti L, Gelinsky M. 3D Extrusion Printing of Biphasic Anthropomorphic Brain Phantoms Mimicking MR Relaxation Times Based on Alginate-Agarose-Carrageenan Blends. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:48397-48415. [PMID: 36270624 PMCID: PMC9634698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The availability of adapted phantoms mimicking different body parts is fundamental to establishing the stability and reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. The primary purpose of such phantoms is the mimicking of physiologically relevant, contrast-creating relaxation times T1 and T2. For the head, frequently examined by MRI, an anthropomorphic design of brain phantoms would imply the discrimination of gray matter and white matter (WM) within defined, spatially distributed compartments. Multichannel extrusion printing allows the layer-by-layer fabrication of multiple pastelike materials in a spatially defined manner with a predefined shape. In this study, the advantages of this method are used to fabricate biphasic brain phantoms mimicking MR relaxation times and anthropomorphic geometry. The printable ink was based on purely naturally derived polymers: alginate as a calcium-cross-linkable gelling agent, agarose, ι-carrageenan, and GdCl3 in different concentrations (0-280 μmol kg-1) as the paramagnetic component. The suggested inks (e.g., 3Alg-1Agar-6Car) fulfilled the requirements of viscoelastic behavior and printability of large constructs (>150 mL). The microstructure and distribution of GdCl3 were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In closely monitored steps of technological development and characterization, from monophasic and biphasic samples as printable inks and cross-linked gels, we describe the construction of large-scale phantom models whose relaxation times were characterized and checked for stability over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kilian
- Centre
for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of
Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität
Dresden (TUD), Dresden01307, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kilian
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin10587, Germany
| | - Adriano Troia
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Turin10135, Italy
| | - Thanh-Duc Nguyen
- Centre
for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of
Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität
Dresden (TUD), Dresden01307, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin10587, Germany
| | - Luca Zilberti
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Turin10135, Italy
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre
for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of
Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität
Dresden (TUD), Dresden01307, Germany
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19
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Kaiser A, Holz NE, Banaschewski T, Baumeister S, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Flor H, Fröhner JH, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Artiges E, Millenet S, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Schwarz E, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Brandeis D, Nees F. A Developmental Perspective on Facets of Impulsivity and Brain Activity Correlates From Adolescence to Adulthood. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2022; 7:1103-1115. [PMID: 35182817 PMCID: PMC9636026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On a theoretical level, impulsivity represents a multidimensional construct associated with acting without foresight, inefficient inhibitory response control, and alterations in reward processing. On an empirical level, relationships and changes in associations between different measures of impulsivity from adolescence into young adulthood and their relation to neural activity during inhibitory control and reward anticipation have not been fully understood. METHODS We used data from IMAGEN, a longitudinal multicenter, population-based cohort study in which 2034 healthy adolescents were investigated at age 14, and 1383 were reassessed as young adults at age 19. We measured the construct of trait impulsivity using self-report questionnaires and neurocognitive indices of decisional impulsivity. With functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed brain activity during inhibition error processing using the stop signal task and during reward anticipation in the monetary incentive delay task. Correlations were analyzed, and mixed-effect models were fitted to explore developmental and predictive effects. RESULTS All self-report and neurocognitive measures of impulsivity proved to be correlated during adolescence and young adulthood. Further, pre-supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus activity during inhibition error processing was associated with trait impulsivity in adolescence, whereas in young adulthood, a trend-level association with reward anticipation activity in the ventral striatum was found. For adult delay discounting, a trend-level predictive effect of adolescent neural activity during inhibition error processing emerged. CONCLUSIONS Our findings help to inform theories of impulsivity about the development of its multidimensional nature and associated brain activity patterns and highlight the need for taking functional brain development into account when evaluating neuromarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kaiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Nathalie E Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Donders Center for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, L'Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Population Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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20
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Biondo F, Thunell CN, Xu B, Chu C, Jia T, Ing A, Quinlan EB, Tay N, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Lemaitre H, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Barker ED, Schumann G. Sex differences in neural correlates of common psychopathological symptoms in early adolescence. Psychol Med 2022; 52:3086-3096. [PMID: 33769238 PMCID: PMC9693717 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720005140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-related differences in psychopathology are known phenomena, with externalizing and internalizing symptoms typically more common in boys and girls, respectively. However, the neural correlates of these sex-by-psychopathology interactions are underinvestigated, particularly in adolescence. METHODS Participants were 14 years of age and part of the IMAGEN study, a large (N = 1526) community-based sample. To test for sex-by-psychopathology interactions in structural grey matter volume (GMV), we used whole-brain, voxel-wise neuroimaging analyses based on robust non-parametric methods. Psychopathological symptom data were derived from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS We found a sex-by-hyperactivity/inattention interaction in four brain clusters: right temporoparietal-opercular region (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = -0.24), bilateral anterior and mid-cingulum (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = -0.18), right cerebellum and fusiform (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = -0.20) and left frontal superior and middle gyri (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = -0.26). Higher symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention were associated with lower GMV in all four brain clusters in boys, and with higher GMV in the temporoparietal-opercular and cerebellar-fusiform clusters in girls. CONCLUSIONS Using a large, sex-balanced and community-based sample, our study lends support to the idea that externalizing symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention may be associated with different neural structures in male and female adolescents. The brain regions we report have been associated with a myriad of important cognitive functions, in particular, attention, cognitive and motor control, and timing, that are potentially relevant to understand the behavioural manifestations of hyperactive and inattentive symptoms. This study highlights the importance of considering sex in our efforts to uncover mechanisms underlying psychopathology during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Biondo
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Charlotte Nymberg Thunell
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, Socialstyrelsen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bing Xu
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Congying Chu
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Tianye Jia
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Alex Ing
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Nicole Tay
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 ‘Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie’, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Lemaitre
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward D. Barker
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany, and Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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21
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Perkins ER, Joyner KJ, Foell J, Drislane LE, Brislin SJ, Frick PJ, Yancey JR, Soto EF, Ganley CM, Keel PK, Sica C, Flor H, Nees F, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Patrick CJ. Assessing general versus specific liability for externalizing problems in adolescence: Concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and substance use. J Psychopathol Clin Sci 2022; 131:793-807. [PMID: 36222627 PMCID: PMC9710196 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the generality versus specificity of two trait-liability factors for externalizing problems-disinhibition and callousness-in the concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and substance use (i.e., alcohol use disorder and history of illicit substance use). Disinhibition involves an impulsive, unrestrained cognitive-behavioral style; callousness entails a dispositional lack of social-emotional sensitivity. Participants were European adolescents from the multisite IMAGEN project who completed questionnaires and clinical interviews at ages 14 (N = 1,504, Mage = 14.41, 51.13% female) and 16 (N = 1,407, Mage = 16.46, 51.88% female). Disinhibition was related concurrently and prospectively to greater symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and alcohol use disorder; higher scores on a general externalizing factor; and greater likelihood of having tried an illicit substance. Callousness was selectively related to greater conduct disorder symptoms. These findings indicate disinhibition confers broad liability for externalizing spectrum disorders, perhaps due to its affiliated deficits in executive function. In contrast, callousness appears to represent more specific liability for antagonistic (aggressive/exploitative) forms of externalizing, as exemplified by antisocial behavior. Results support the utility of developmental-ontogenetic and hierarchical-dimensional models of psychopathology and have important implications for early assessment of risk for externalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul J. Frick
- Louisiana State University, USA
- Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - James R. Yancey
- Rocky Mountain Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, USA
- University of Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein – Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Penny Gowland
- University of Nottingham – University Park, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| | | | | | - Sarah Hohmann
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Gunter Schumann
- King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Germany
- Fudan University, China
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22
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Böttinger BW, Baumeister S, Millenet S, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Nees F. Orbitofrontal control of conduct problems? Evidence from healthy adolescents processing negative facial affect. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-10. [PMID: 33861383 PMCID: PMC9343289 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conduct problems (CP) in patients with disruptive behavior disorders have been linked to impaired prefrontal processing of negative facial affect compared to controls. However, it is unknown whether associations with prefrontal activity during affective face processing hold along the CP dimension in a healthy population sample, and how subcortical processing is affected. We measured functional brain responses during negative affective face processing in 1444 healthy adolescents [M = 14.39 years (SD = 0.40), 51.5% female] from the European IMAGEN multicenter study. To determine the effects of CP, we applied a two-step approach: (a) testing matched subgroups of low versus high CP, extending into the clinical range [N = 182 per group, M = 14.44 years, (SD = 0.41), 47.3% female] using analysis of variance, and (b) considering (non)linear effects along the CP dimension in the full sample and in the high CP group using multiple regression. We observed no significant cortical or subcortical effect of CP group on brain responses to negative facial affect. In the full sample, regression analyses revealed a significant linear increase of left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity with increasing CP up to the clinical range. In the high CP group, a significant inverted u-shaped effect indicated that left OFC responses decreased again in individuals with high CP. Left OFC activity during negative affective processing which is increasing with CP and decreasing in the highest CP range may reflect on the importance of frontal control mechanisms that counteract the consequences of severe CP by facilitating higher social engagement and better evaluation of social content in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris William Böttinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, Berlin, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Orsay, France
- Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
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23
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Chen D, Jia T, Cheng W, Cao M, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland PA, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ, Schumann G, Feng J. Brain Signatures During Reward Anticipation Predict Persistent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:1050-1061. [PMID: 34954028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children experiencing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may retain symptoms into adulthood, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. METHOD To identify biomarkers of persistent ADHD symptom development, we carried out whole-brain analyses of neuroimaging data during the anticipation phase of the Monetary-Incentive-Delay (MID) task in 1,368 adolescents recruited by the IMAGEN Consortium at age 14 years, whose behavioral measurements were followed up longitudinally at age 16. In particular, we focused on comparing individuals with persistent high ADHD symptoms at both ages 14 and 16 years to unaffected control individuals, but also exploring which individuals demonstrating symptom remission (with high ADHD symptoms at age 14 but much reduced at age 16). RESULTS We identified reduced activations in the medial frontal cortex and the thalamus during reward anticipation as neuro-biomarkers for persistent ADHD symptoms across time. The genetic relevance of the above findings was further supported by the associations of the polygenic risk scores of ADHD with both the persistent and control status and the activations of both brain regions. Furthermore, in an exploratory analysis, the thalamic activation might also help to distinguish persons with persistent ADHD from those remitted in both an exploratory sample (odds ratio = 9.43, p < .001) and an independent generalization sample (odds ratio = 4.64, p = .003). CONCLUSION Using a well-established and widely applied functional magnetic resonance imaging task, we have identified neural biomarkers that could discriminate ADHD symptoms that persist throughout adolescence from controls and potentially those likely to remit during adolescent development as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | | | - Gareth J Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and the Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and the Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte -Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - T W Robbins
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China; University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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24
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Schoen N, Seifert F, Petzold J, Metzger GJ, Speck O, Ittermann B, Schmitter S. The Impact of Respiratory Motion on Electromagnetic Fields and Specific Absorption Rate in Cardiac Imaging at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2645-2661. [PMID: 35906923 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present electromagnetic simulation setups for detailed analyses of respiration's impact on B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ and E-fields, local specific absorption rate (SAR) and associated safety-limits for 7T cardiac imaging. METHODS Finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic field simulations were performed at five respiratory states using a breathing body model and a 16-element 7T body transceiver RF-coil array. B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ and SAR are analyzed for fixed and moving coil configurations. SAR variations are investigated using phase/amplitude shimming considering (i) a local SAR-controlled mode (here SAR calculations consider RF amplitudes and phases) and (ii) a channel-wise power-controlled mode (SAR boundary calculation is independent of the channels' phases, only dependent on the channels' maximum amplitude). RESULTS Respiration-induced variations of both B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ amplitude and phase are observed. The flip angle homogeneity depends on the respiratory state used for B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ shimming; best results were achieved for shimming on inhale and exhale simultaneously ( | Δ C V | < 35 % $$ \mid \Delta CV\mid <35\% $$ ). The results reflect that respiration impacts position and amplitude of the local SAR maximum. With the local-SAR-control mode, a safety factor of up to 1.4 is needed to accommodate for respiratory variations while the power control mode appears respiration-robust when the coil moves with respiration (SAR peak decrease: 9% exhale→inhale). Instead, a spatially fixed coil setup yields higher SAR variations with respiration. CONCLUSION Respiratory motion does not only affect the B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ distribution and hence the image contrast, but also location and magnitude of the peak spatial SAR. Therefore, respiration effects may need to be included in safety analyses of RF coils applied to the human thorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Schoen
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Petzold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregory J Metzger
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Oliver Speck
- Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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25
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Riemann LT, Aigner CS, Mekle R, Speck O, Rose G, Ittermann B, Schmitter S, Fillmer A. Fourier-based decomposition for simultaneous 2-voxel MRS acquisition with 2SPECIAL. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1978-1993. [PMID: 35906900 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To simultaneously acquire spectroscopic signals from two MRS voxels using a multi-banded 2 spin-echo, full-intensity acquired localized (2SPECIAL) sequence, and to decompose the signal to their respective regions by a novel voxel-GRAPPA (vGRAPPA) decomposition approach for in vivo brain applications at 7 T. METHODS A wideband, uniform rate, smooth truncation (WURST) multi-banded pulse was incorporated into SPECIAL to implement 2SPECIAL for simultaneous multi-voxel spectroscopy (sMVS). To decompose the acquired data, the voxel-GRAPPA decomposition algorithm is introduced, and its performance is compared to the SENSE-based decomposition. Furthermore, the limitations of two-voxel excitation concerning the multi-banded adiabatic inversion pulse, as well as of the combined B0 shim and B1 + adjustments, are evaluated. RESULTS It was successfully shown that the 2SPECIAL sequence enables sMVS without a significant loss in SNR while reducing the total scan time by 21.6% compared to two consecutive acquisitions. The proposed voxel-GRAPPA algorithm properly reassigns the signal components to their respective origin region and shows no significant differences to the well-established SENSE-based algorithm in terms of leakage (both <10%) or Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) for in vivo applications, while not requiring the acquisition of additional sensitivity maps and thus decreasing motion sensitivity. CONCLUSION The use of 2SPECIAL in combination with the novel voxel-GRAPPA decomposition technique allows a substantial reduction of measurement time compared to the consecutive acquisition of two single voxels without a significant decrease in spectral quality or metabolite quantification accuracy and thus provides a new option for multiple-voxel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Tabea Riemann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Mekle
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Campus STIMULATE, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Georg Rose
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institut für Medizintechnik, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariane Fillmer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany
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26
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Pan PM, Sato JR, Paillère Martinot ML, Martinot JL, Artiges E, Penttilä J, Grimmer Y, van Noort BM, Becker A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Flor H, Garavan H, Ittermann B, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Whelan R, Schumann G, Westwater ML, Grillon C, Cogo-Moreira H, Stringaris A, Ernst M. Longitudinal Trajectory of the Link Between Ventral Striatum and Depression in Adolescence. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:470-481. [PMID: 35582783 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research in adolescent depression has found aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) among the ventral striatum (VS) and several brain regions implicated in reward processing. The present study probes this question by taking advantage of the availability of data from a large youth cohort, the IMAGEN Consortium. METHODS iFC data from 303 adolescents (48% of them female) were used to examine associations of VS connectivity at baseline (at age 14) with depressive disorders at baseline and at 2-year (N=250) and 4-year (N=219) follow-ups. Eleven regions of interest, key nodes of the reward system, were used to probe the reward network and calculate the connectivity strength of the VS within this network (VS connectivityrw). The main analyses assessed associations of VS connectivityrw with depressive disorders, anhedonia, and low mood using logistic regression. Autoregressive models accounting for carryover effects over time were conducted to further evaluate these brain-behavior associations. RESULTS Higher right VS connectivityrw was associated with higher probability of depressive disorders at baseline (odds ratio=2.65, 95% CI=1.40, 5.05). This finding was confirmed in the autoregressive model, adjusting for carryover effects of the depressive disorders across the three time points. VS connectivityrw was not predictive of depressive disorders at follow-up assessments. Longitudinal associations between VS connectivityrw and anhedonia emerged in the structural equation model: left VS connectivityrw was associated with anhedonia at 2 years (odds ratio=2.20, 95% CI=1.54, 3.14), and right VS connectivityrw was linked to anhedonia at 4 years (odds ratio=1.87, 95% CI=1.09, 3.21). VS connectivityrw did not predict low mood at any time point in the structural equation model. CONCLUSIONS The connectivity strength of the VS within the reward network showed distinct patterns of association with depressive disorders and anhedonia from mid to late adolescence, suggesting that the role of this circuitry in depression changes with age. This study replicates, in an independent sample, the association between the VS and depression previously reported in younger adolescents. The findings suggest a role of VS connectivityrw in anhedonia but not in low mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mario Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - João R Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Eric Artiges
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Jani Penttilä
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Yvonne Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Betteke M van Noort
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Robert Whelan
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Margaret L Westwater
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Christian Grillon
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
| | - Monique Ernst
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris)
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Li J, Liu B, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Artiges E, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Jiang T. Orbitofrontal cortex volume links polygenic risk for smoking with tobacco use in healthy adolescents. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1175-1182. [PMID: 32878661 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking remains one of the leading causes of preventable illness and death and is heritable with complex underpinnings. Converging evidence suggests a contribution of the polygenic risk for smoking to the use of tobacco and other substances. Yet, the underlying brain mechanisms between the genetic risk and tobacco smoking remain poorly understood. METHODS Genomic, neuroimaging, and self-report data were acquired from a large cohort of adolescents from the IMAGEN study (a European multicenter study). Polygenic risk scores (PGRS) for smoking were calculated based on a genome-wide association study meta-analysis conducted by the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium. We examined the interrelationships among the genetic risk for smoking initiation, brain structure, and the number of occasions of tobacco use. RESULTS A higher smoking PGRS was significantly associated with both an increased number of occasions of tobacco use and smaller cortical volume of the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Furthermore, reduced cortical volume within this cluster correlated with greater tobacco use. A subsequent path analysis suggested that the cortical volume within this cluster partially mediated the association between the genetic risk for smoking and the number of occasions of tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first evidence for the involvement of the OFC in the relationship between smoking PGRS and tobacco use. Future studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco smoking should consider the mediation effect of the related neural structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 'Neuroimaging & Psychiatry', University Paris-Saclay, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 'Neuroimaging & Psychiatry', University Paris-Saclay, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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28
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Brouwer RM, Klein M, Grasby KL, Schnack HG, Jahanshad N, Teeuw J, Thomopoulos SI, Sprooten E, Franz CE, Gogtay N, Kremen WS, Panizzon MS, Olde Loohuis LM, Whelan CD, Aghajani M, Alloza C, Alnæs D, Artiges E, Ayesa-Arriola R, Barker GJ, Bastin ME, Blok E, Bøen E, Breukelaar IA, Bright JK, Buimer EEL, Bülow R, Cannon DM, Ciufolini S, Crossley NA, Damatac CG, Dazzan P, de Mol CL, de Zwarte SMC, Desrivières S, Díaz-Caneja CM, Doan NT, Dohm K, Fröhner JH, Goltermann J, Grigis A, Grotegerd D, Han LKM, Harris MA, Hartman CA, Heany SJ, Heindel W, Heslenfeld DJ, Hohmann S, Ittermann B, Jansen PR, Janssen J, Jia T, Jiang J, Jockwitz C, Karali T, Keeser D, Koevoets MGJC, Lenroot RK, Malchow B, Mandl RCW, Medel V, Meinert S, Morgan CA, Mühleisen TW, Nabulsi L, Opel N, de la Foz VOG, Overs BJ, Paillère Martinot ML, Redlich R, Marques TR, Repple J, Roberts G, Roshchupkin GV, Setiaman N, Shumskaya E, Stein F, Sudre G, Takahashi S, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, van der Lugt A, van Haren NEM, Wardlaw JM, Wen W, Westeneng HJ, Wittfeld K, Zhu AH, Zugman A, Armstrong NJ, Bonfiglio G, Bralten J, Dalvie S, Davies G, Di Forti M, Ding L, Donohoe G, Forstner AJ, Gonzalez-Peñas J, Guimaraes JPOFT, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Knol MJ, Kwok JBJ, Le Hellard S, Mather KA, Milaneschi Y, Morris DW, Nöthen MM, Papiol S, Rietschel M, Santoro ML, Steen VM, Stein JL, Streit F, Tankard RM, Teumer A, van 't Ent D, van der Meer D, van Eijk KR, Vassos E, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Witt SH, Adams HHH, Agartz I, Ames D, Amunts K, Andreassen OA, Arango C, Banaschewski T, Baune BT, Belangero SI, Bokde ALW, Boomsma DI, Bressan RA, Brodaty H, Buitelaar JK, Cahn W, Caspers S, Cichon S, Crespo-Facorro B, Cox SR, Dannlowski U, Elvsåshagen T, Espeseth T, Falkai PG, Fisher SE, Flor H, Fullerton JM, Garavan H, Gowland PA, Grabe HJ, Hahn T, Heinz A, Hillegers M, Hoare J, Hoekstra PJ, Ikram MA, Jackowski AP, Jansen A, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kircher T, Korgaonkar MS, Krug A, Lemaitre H, Malt UF, Martinot JL, McDonald C, Mitchell PB, Muetzel RL, Murray RM, Nees F, Nenadić I, Oosterlaan J, Ophoff RA, Pan PM, Penninx BWJH, Poustka L, Sachdev PS, Salum GA, Schofield PR, Schumann G, Shaw P, Sim K, Smolka MN, Stein DJ, Trollor JN, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH, Walter H, Westlye LT, Whelan R, White T, Wright MJ, Medland SE, Franke B, Thompson PM, Hulshoff Pol HE. Genetic variants associated with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:421-432. [PMID: 35383335 PMCID: PMC10040206 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human brain structure changes throughout the lifespan. Altered brain growth or rates of decline are implicated in a vast range of psychiatric, developmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we identified common genetic variants that affect rates of brain growth or atrophy in what is, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of changes in brain morphology across the lifespan. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data from 15,640 individuals were used to compute rates of change for 15 brain structures. The most robustly identified genes GPR139, DACH1 and APOE are associated with metabolic processes. We demonstrate global genetic overlap with depression, schizophrenia, cognitive functioning, insomnia, height, body mass index and smoking. Gene set findings implicate both early brain development and neurodegenerative processes in the rates of brain changes. Identifying variants involved in structural brain changes may help to determine biological pathways underlying optimal and dysfunctional brain development and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina L Grasby
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hugo G Schnack
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Jalmar Teeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Gogtay
- American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM U1299 Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 9010; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elisabet Blok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabella A Breukelaar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna K Bright
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E L Buimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christienne G Damatac
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Casper L de Mol
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Section of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura K M Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathew A Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Heany
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Walter Heindel
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Philip R Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, VUmc, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tianye Jia
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MoE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Temmuz Karali
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Neurosciences (MCN) - Brain & Mind, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martijn G J C Koevoets
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rhoshel K Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - René C W Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vicente Medel
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catherine A Morgan
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM U1299 Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 9010; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gennady V Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita Setiaman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Sudre
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, IDIVAL, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Advanced Computing and e-Science, Instituto de Física de Cantabria (UC-CSIC), Santander, Spain
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henk-Jan Westeneng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alyssa H Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Andre Zugman
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gaia Bonfiglio
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Ding
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Peñas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao P O F T Guimaraes
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B J Kwok
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcos L Santoro
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jason L Stein
- Department of Genetics & UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rick M Tankard
- Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Ame Sua Mente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Science, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter G Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny A Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hans J Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Hoare
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad A Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea P Jackowski
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Herve Lemaitre
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Unit for Psychosomatic Medicine and C-L Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM U1299 Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 9010; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro M Pan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- PONS Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, CCM, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Shaw
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute for Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Whelan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Zanovello U, Seifert F, Bottauscio O, Winter L, Zilberti L, Ittermann B. CoSimPy: An open-source python library for MRI radiofrequency Coil EM/Circuit Cosimulation. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022; 216:106684. [PMID: 35149431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Electromagnetic/Circuit cosimulation method represents a valuable and effective strategy to address those problems where a radiative structure has to interact with external supporting circuitries. This is of particular concern for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), radiofrequency (RF) coils design, where the supporting circuitry optimisation represents, generally, a crucial aspect. This article presents CoSimPy, an open-source Python circuit simulation library for Electromagnetic/Circuit cosimulations and specifically optimised for MRI, RF coils design. METHODS CoSimPy is designed following an Object-orientated programming. In addition to the essential methods aimed to performed the Electromagnetic/Circuit cosimulations, many others are implemented both to simplify the standard workflow and to evaluate the RF coils performance. In this article, the theory which underlies the fundamental methods of CoSimPy is shown together with the basic framework of the library. RESULTS In the paper, the reliability of CoSimPy is successfully tested against a full-wave electromagnetic simulations involving a reference setup. The library is made available under https://github.com/umbertozanovello/CoSimPy together with a detailed documentation providing guidelines and examples. CoSimPy is distributed under the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) license. CONCLUSIONS CoSimPy demonstrated to be an agile tool employable for Electromagnetic/Circuit cosimulations. Its distribution is meant to fulfil the needs of several researchers also avoiding duplication of effort in writing custom implementations. CoSimPy is under constant development and aims to represent a coworking environment where scientists can implement additional methods whose sharing can represent an advantage for the community. Finally, even if CoSimPy is designed with special focus on MRI, it represents an efficient and practical tool potentially employable wherever electronic devices made of radiative and circuitry components are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Seifert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Winter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Zilberti
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino, Italy
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
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30
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Zhang Z, Robinson L, Jia T, Quinlan EB, Tay N, Chu C, Barker ED, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Stringaris A, Penttilä J, van Noort B, Grimmer Y, Paillère Martinot ML, Isensee C, Becker A, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Schmidt U, Desrivières S. Development of Disordered Eating Behaviors and Comorbid Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Neural and Psychopathological Predictors. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:853-862. [PMID: 32778392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders are common in adolescence and are devastating and strongly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Yet little is known about their etiology, knowing which would aid in developing effective preventive measures. METHODS Longitudinal assessments of disordered eating behaviors (DEBs)-binge-eating, purging, and dieting-and comorbid psychopathology were measured in 1386 adolescents from the IMAGEN study. Development of DEBs and associated mental health problems was investigated by comparing participants who reported symptoms at ages 16 or 19 years, but not at age 14 years, with asymptomatic control participants. Voxel-based morphometry and psychopathological differences at age 14 were investigated to identify risk factors for the development of DEBs and associated mental health problems. RESULTS DEBs and depressive symptoms developed together. Emotional and behavioral problems, including symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder, predated their development. Alterations in frontostriatal brain areas also predated the development of DEBs and depressive symptoms. Specifically, development of binge-eating was predicted by higher gray matter volumes in the right putamen/globus pallidus at age 14. Conversely, development of purging and depressive symptoms was predicted by lower volumes in the medial orbitofrontal, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Lower gray matter volumes in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices mediated the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder symptoms and future purging and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that alterations in frontal brain circuits are part of the shared etiology among eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and depression and highlight the importance of a transdiagnostic approach to treating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Zhang
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Robinson
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tianye Jia
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Tay
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Congying Chu
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward D Barker
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Developmental Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charite Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U A10 "Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry", Université Paris-Saclay, École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jani Penttilä
- Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Kauppakatu, Lahti, Finland
| | | | - Yvonne Grimmer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Corinna Isensee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charite Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charite Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom; The Eating Disorders Service, Maudsley Hospital, South London, and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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31
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Riemann LT, Aigner CS, Ellison SLR, Brühl R, Mekle R, Schmitter S, Speck O, Rose G, Ittermann B, Fillmer A. Assessment of measurement precision in single-voxel spectroscopy at 7 T: Toward minimal detectable changes of metabolite concentrations in the human brain in vivo. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1119-1135. [PMID: 34783376 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To introduce a study design and statistical analysis framework to assess the repeatability, reproducibility, and minimal detectable changes (MDCs) of metabolite concentrations determined by in vivo MRS. METHODS An unbalanced nested study design was chosen to acquire in vivo MRS data within different repeatability and reproducibility scenarios. A spin-echo, full-intensity acquired localized (SPECIAL) sequence was employed at 7 T utlizing three different inversion pulses: a hyperbolic secant (HS), a gradient offset independent adiabaticity (GOIA), and a wideband, uniform rate, smooth truncation (WURST) pulse. Metabolite concentrations, Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) and coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated. Both Bland-Altman analysis and a restricted maximum-likelihood estimation (REML) analysis were performed to estimate the different variance contributions of the repeatability and reproducibility of the measured concentration. A Bland-Altmann analysis of the spectral shape was performed to assess the variance of the spectral shape, independent of quantification model influences. RESULTS For the used setup, minimal detectable changes of brain metabolite concentrations were found to be between 0.40 µmol/g and 2.23 µmol/g. CRLBs account for only 16 % to 74 % of the total variance of the metabolite concentrations. The application of gradient-modulated inversion pulses in SPECIAL led to slightly improved repeatability, but overall reproducibility appeared to be limited by differences in positioning, calibration, and other day-to-day variations throughout different sessions. CONCLUSION A framework is introduced to estimate the precision of metabolite concentrations obtained by MRS in vivo, and the minimal detectable changes for 13 metabolite concentrations measured at 7 T using SPECIAL are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Mekle
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Speck
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Campus STIMULATE, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Georg Rose
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institut für Medizintechnik, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariane Fillmer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany
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32
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Silemek B, Seifert F, Petzold J, Hoffmann W, Pfeiffer H, Speck O, Rose G, Ittermann B, Winter L. Rapid safety assessment and mitigation of radiofrequency induced implant heating using small root mean square sensors and the sensor matrix Q s. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:509-527. [PMID: 34397114 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rapid detection and mitigation of radiofrequency (RF)-induced implant heating during MRI based on small and low-cost embedded sensors. THEORY AND METHODS A diode and a thermistor are embedded at the tip of an elongated mock implant. RF-induced voltages or temperature change measured by these root mean square (RMS) sensors are used to construct the sensor Q-Matrix (QS ). Hazard prediction, monitoring and parallel transmit (pTx)-based mitigation using these sensors is demonstrated in benchtop measurements at 300 MHz and within a 3T MRI. RESULTS QS acquisition and mitigation can be performed in <20 ms demonstrating real-time capability. The acquisitions can be performed using safe low powers (<3 W) due to the high reading precision of the diode (126 µV) and thermistor (26 µK). The orthogonal projection method used for pTx mitigation was able to reduce the induced signals and temperatures in all 155 investigated locations. Using the QS approach in a pTx capable 3T MRI with either a two-channel body coil or an eight-channel head coil, RF-induced heating was successfully assessed, monitored and mitigated while the image quality outside the implant region was preserved. CONCLUSION Small (<1.5 mm3 ) and low-cost (<1 €) RMS sensors embedded in an implant can provide all relevant information to predict, monitor and mitigate RF-induced heating in implants, while preserving image quality. The proposed pTx-based QS approach is independent of simulations or in vitro testing and therefore complements these existing safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Silemek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Petzold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Pfeiffer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Georg Rose
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Winter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
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Albaugh MD, Ottino-Gonzalez J, Sidwell A, Lepage C, Juliano A, Owens MM, Chaarani B, Spechler P, Fontaine N, Rioux P, Lewis L, Jeon S, Evans A, D’Souza D, Radhakrishnan R, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Conrod P, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Potter A, Garavan H. Association of Cannabis Use During Adolescence With Neurodevelopment. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:2781289. [PMID: 34132750 PMCID: PMC8209561 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Animal studies have shown that the adolescent brain is sensitive to disruptions in endocannabinoid signaling, resulting in altered neurodevelopment and lasting behavioral effects. However, few studies have investigated ties between cannabis use and adolescent brain development in humans. OBJECTIVE To examine the degree to which magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-assessed cerebral cortical thickness development is associated with cannabis use in a longitudinal sample of adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data were obtained from the community-based IMAGEN cohort study, conducted across 8 European sites. Baseline data used in the present study were acquired from March 1, 2008, to December 31, 2011, and follow-up data were acquired from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016. A total of 799 IMAGEN participants were identified who reported being cannabis naive at study baseline and had behavioral and neuroimaging data available at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed from October 1, 2019, to August 31, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cannabis use was assessed at baseline and 5-year follow-up with the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Anatomical MR images were acquired with a 3-dimensional T1-weighted magnetization prepared gradient echo sequence. Quality-controlled native MR images were processed through the CIVET pipeline, version 2.1.0. RESULTS The study evaluated 1598 MR images from 799 participants (450 female participants [56.3%]; mean [SD] age, 14.4 [0.4] years at baseline and 19.0 [0.7] years at follow-up). At 5-year follow-up, cannabis use (from 0 to >40 uses) was negatively associated with thickness in left prefrontal (peak: t785 = -4.87, cluster size = 1558 vertices; P = 1.10 × 10-6, random field theory cluster corrected) and right prefrontal (peak: t785 = -4.27, cluster size = 1551 vertices; P = 2.81 × 10-5, random field theory cluster corrected) cortices. There were no significant associations between lifetime cannabis use at 5-year follow-up and baseline cortical thickness, suggesting that the observed neuroanatomical differences did not precede initiation of cannabis use. Longitudinal analysis revealed that age-related cortical thinning was qualified by cannabis use in a dose-dependent fashion such that greater use, from baseline to follow-up, was associated with increased thinning in left prefrontal (peak: t815.27 = -4.24, cluster size = 3643 vertices; P = 2.28 × 10-8, random field theory cluster corrected) and right prefrontal (peak: t813.30 = -4.71, cluster size = 2675 vertices; P = 3.72 × 10-8, random field theory cluster corrected) cortices. The spatial pattern of cannabis-related thinning was associated with age-related thinning in this sample (r = 0.540; P < .001), and a positron emission tomography-assessed cannabinoid 1 receptor-binding map derived from a separate sample of participants (r = -0.189; P < .001). Analysis revealed that thinning in right prefrontal cortices, from baseline to follow-up, was associated with attentional impulsiveness at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results suggest that cannabis use during adolescence is associated with altered neurodevelopment, particularly in cortices rich in cannabinoid 1 receptors and undergoing the greatest age-related thickness change in middle to late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | | | - Amanda Sidwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Claude Lepage
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anthony Juliano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Max M. Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Philip Spechler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Nicholas Fontaine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Pierre Rioux
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lindsay Lewis
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seun Jeon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Deepak D’Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rajiv Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus Charité Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie” Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie,” Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Paris, France
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus Charité Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Alexandra Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington
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Ivanov I, Parvaz MA, Velthorst E, Shaik RB, Sandin S, Gan G, Spechler P, Albaugh MD, Chaarani B, Mackey S, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Artiges E, Lemaitre H, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Garavan H. Substance Use Initiation, Particularly Alcohol, in Drug-Naive Adolescents: Possible Predictors and Consequences From a Large Cohort Naturalistic Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:623-636. [PMID: 33011213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether deviations in brain and behavioral development, which may underpin elevated substance use during adolescence, are predispositions for or consequences of substance use initiation. Here, we examine behavioral and neuroimaging indices at early and mid-adolescence in drug-naive youths to identify possible predisposing factors for substance use initiation and its possible consequences. METHOD Among 304 drug-naive adolescents at baseline (age 14 years) from the IMAGEN dataset, 83 stayed drug-naive, 133 used alcohol on 1 to 9 occasions, 42 on 10 to 19 occasions, 27 on 20 to 39 occasions, and 19 on >40 occasions at follow-up (age 16 years). Baseline measures included brain activation during the Monetary Incentive Delay task. Data at both baseline and follow-up included measures of trait impulsivity and delay discounting. RESULTS From baseline to follow-up, impulsivity decreased in the 0 and 1- to 9-occasions groups (p < .004), did not change in the 10- to 19-occasions and 20- to 29-occasions groups (p > .294), and uncharacteristically increased in the >40-occasions group (p = .046). Furthermore, blunted medial orbitofrontal cortex activation during reward outcome at baseline significantly predicted higher alcohol use frequency at follow-up, above and beyond behavioral and clinical variables (p = .008). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the transition from no use to frequent drinking in early to mid-adolescence may disrupt normative developmental changes in behavioral control. In addition, blunted activity of the medial orbitofrontal cortex during reward outcome may underscore a predisposition toward the development of more severe alcohol use in adolescents. This distinction is clinically important, as it informs early intervention efforts in preventing the onset of substance use disorder in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Riaz B Shaik
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Sven Sandin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Penny Gowland
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- 12Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Herve Lemaitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- University of Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Henrik Walter
- 12Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Tschorn M, Lorenz RC, O’Reilly PF, Reichenberg A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Artiges E, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Heinz A, Rapp MA. Differential predictors for alcohol use in adolescents as a function of familial risk. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:157. [PMID: 33664233 PMCID: PMC7933140 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional models of future alcohol use in adolescents have used variable-centered approaches, predicting alcohol use from a set of variables across entire samples or populations. Following the proposition that predictive factors may vary in adolescents as a function of family history, we used a two-pronged approach by first defining clusters of familial risk, followed by prediction analyses within each cluster. Thus, for the first time in adolescents, we tested whether adolescents with a family history of drug abuse exhibit a set of predictors different from adolescents without a family history. We apply this approach to a genetic risk score and individual differences in personality, cognition, behavior (risk-taking and discounting) substance use behavior at age 14, life events, and functional brain imaging, to predict scores on the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) at age 14 and 16 in a sample of adolescents (N = 1659 at baseline, N = 1327 at follow-up) from the IMAGEN cohort, a longitudinal community-based cohort of adolescents. In the absence of familial risk (n = 616), individual differences in baseline drinking, personality measures (extraversion, negative thinking), discounting behaviors, life events, and ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation were significantly associated with future AUDIT scores, while the overall model explained 22% of the variance in future AUDIT. In the presence of familial risk (n = 711), drinking behavior at age 14, personality measures (extraversion, impulsivity), behavioral risk-taking, and life events were significantly associated with future AUDIT scores, explaining 20.1% of the overall variance. Results suggest that individual differences in personality, cognition, life events, brain function, and drinking behavior contribute differentially to the prediction of future alcohol misuse. This approach may inform more individualized preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Tschorn
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra-faculty unit “Cognitive Sciences”, Faculty of Human Science, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and e-Health, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert C. Lorenz
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra-faculty unit “Cognitive Sciences”, Faculty of Human Science, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and e-Health, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul F. O’Reilly
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin B. Quinlan
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany ,grid.5601.20000 0001 0943 599XDepartment of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- grid.457334.2NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, VT USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- grid.4764.10000 0001 2186 1887Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie”, University Paris Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie”, University Paris Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany ,grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany ,Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443PONS Research Group, Dept of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany, and Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael A. Rapp
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra-faculty unit “Cognitive Sciences”, Faculty of Human Science, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and e-Health, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Xie C, Jia T, Rolls ET, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ, Zhang J, Liu Z, Cheng W, Luo Q, Zac Lo CY, Wang H, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Hohmann S, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Feng J. Reward Versus Nonreward Sensitivity of the Medial Versus Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex Relates to the Severity of Depressive Symptoms. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2021; 6:259-269. [PMID: 33221327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in depression. The hypothesis investigated was whether the OFC sensitivity to reward and nonreward is related to the severity of depressive symptoms. METHODS Activations in the monetary incentive delay task were measured in the IMAGEN cohort at ages 14 years (n = 1877) and 19 years (n = 1140) with a longitudinal design. Clinically relevant subgroups were compared at ages 19 (high-severity group: n = 116; low-severity group: n = 206) and 14. RESULTS The medial OFC exhibited graded activation increases to reward, and the lateral OFC had graded activation increases to nonreward. In this general population, the medial and lateral OFC activations were associated with concurrent depressive symptoms at both ages 14 and 19 years. In a stratified high-severity depressive symptom group versus control group comparison, the lateral OFC showed greater sensitivity for the magnitudes of activations related to nonreward in the high-severity group at age 19 (p = .027), and the medial OFC showed decreased sensitivity to the reward magnitudes in the high-severity group at both ages 14 (p = .002) and 19 (p = .002). In a longitudinal design, there was greater sensitivity to nonreward of the lateral OFC at age 14 for those who exhibited high depressive symptom severity later at age 19 (p = .003). CONCLUSIONS Activations in the lateral OFC relate to sensitivity to not winning, were associated with high depressive symptom scores, and at age 14 predicted the depressive symptoms at ages 16 and 19. Activations in the medial OFC were related to sensitivity to winning, and reduced reward sensitivity was associated with concurrent high depressive symptom scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Department of the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Department of the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine & Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Yi Zac Lo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, United Kingdom
| | | | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, United Kingdom
| | - Gunter Schumann
- PONS Centre, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, London, United Kingdom; PONS-Research Group, Charite Mental Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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Barker ED, Ing A, Biondo F, Jia T, Pingault JB, Du Rietz E, Zhang Y, Ruggeri B, Banaschewski T, Hohmann S, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Sounga-Barke E, Bowling AB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Asherson P, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Papadopoulos-Orfanos D, Poustka L, Smolka MN, Vetter NC, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G. Do ADHD-impulsivity and BMI have shared polygenic and neural correlates? Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1019-1028. [PMID: 31227801 PMCID: PMC7910212 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is an extensive body of literature linking ADHD to overweight and obesity. Research indicates that impulsivity features of ADHD account for a degree of this overlap. The neural and polygenic correlates of this association have not been thoroughly examined. In participants of the IMAGEN study, we found that impulsivity symptoms and body mass index (BMI) were associated (r = 0.10, n = 874, p = 0.014 FWE corrected), as were their respective polygenic risk scores (PRS) (r = 0.17, n = 874, p = 6.5 × 10-6 FWE corrected). We then examined whether the phenotypes of impulsivity and BMI, and the PRS scores of ADHD and BMI, shared common associations with whole-brain grey matter and the Monetary Incentive Delay fMRI task, which associates with reward-related impulsivity. A sparse partial least squared analysis (sPLS) revealed a shared neural substrate that associated with both the phenotypes and PRS scores. In a last step, we conducted a bias corrected bootstrapped mediation analysis with the neural substrate score from the sPLS as the mediator. The ADHD PRS associated with impulsivity symptoms (b = 0.006, 90% CIs = 0.001, 0.019) and BMI (b = 0.009, 90% CIs = 0.001, 0.025) via the neuroimaging substrate. The BMI PRS associated with BMI (b = 0.014, 95% CIs = 0.003, 0.033) and impulsivity symptoms (b = 0.009, 90% CIs = 0.001, 0.025) via the neuroimaging substrate. A common neural substrate may (in part) underpin shared genetic liability for ADHD and BMI and the manifestation of their (observable) phenotypic association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK.
| | - Alex Ing
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Francesca Biondo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ebba Du Rietz
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Barbara Ruggeri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Edmund Sounga-Barke
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - April B Bowling
- School of Health Science, Merrimack College, 315 Turnpike Street North Andover, North Andover, MA, 01845, USA
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Philip Asherson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2 - 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Université; and AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dimitri Papadopoulos-Orfanos
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora C Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
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38
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Lapidaire W, Urrila AS, Artiges E, Miranda R, Vulser H, Bézivin-Frere P, Lemaître H, Penttilä J, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Conrod PJ, Desrivières S, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Papadopoulos-Orfanos D, Paus T, Smolka MN, Schumann G, Martinot MLP, Martinot JL. Irregular sleep habits, regional grey matter volumes, and psychological functioning in adolescents. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243720. [PMID: 33566829 PMCID: PMC7875363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing sleep rhythms in adolescents often lead to sleep deficits and a delay in sleep timing between weekdays and weekends. The adolescent brain, and in particular the rapidly developing structures involved in emotional control, are vulnerable to external and internal factors. In our previous study in adolescents at age 14, we observed a strong relationship between weekend sleep schedules and regional medial prefrontal cortex grey matter volumes. Here, we aimed to assess whether this relationship remained in this group of adolescents of the general population at the age of 16 (n = 101; mean age 16.8 years; 55% girls). We further examined grey matter volumes in the hippocampi and the amygdalae, calculated with voxel-based morphometry. In addition, we investigated the relationships between sleep habits, assessed with self-reports, and regional grey matter volumes, and psychological functioning, assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and tests on working memory and impulsivity. Later weekend wake-up times were associated with smaller grey matter volumes in the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdalae, and greater weekend delays in wake-up time were associated with smaller grey matter volumes in the right hippocampus and amygdala. The medial prefrontal cortex region mediated the correlation between weekend wake up time and externalising symptoms. Paying attention to regular sleep habits during adolescence could act as a protective factor against the emergence of psychopathology via enabling favourable brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winok Lapidaire
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anna S. Urrila
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Health, Unit of Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry / Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eric Artiges
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthelemy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Ruben Miranda
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hélène Vulser
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pauline Bézivin-Frere
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jani Penttilä
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical School, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Patricia J. Conrod
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commission for Atomic and Alternative Energy, Saclay, France
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – University Medical Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, 6436 UHC, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – University Medical Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – University Medical Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", University Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Centre of Neuroimaging Research, CENIR at ICM Institute, Paris Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
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39
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Jia T, Xie C, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Robbins TW, Feng J. Neural network involving medial orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal periaqueductal gray regulation in human alcohol abuse. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabd4074. [PMID: 33536210 PMCID: PMC7857680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Prompted by recent evidence of neural circuitry in rodent models, functional magnetic resonance imaging and functional connectivity analyses were conducted for a large adolescent population at two ages, together with alcohol abuse measures, to characterize a neural network that may underlie the onset of alcoholism. A network centered on the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), as well as including the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), central nucleus of the amygdala, and nucleus accumbens, was identified, consistent with the rodent models, with evidence of both inhibitory and excitatory coregulation by the mOFC over the dPAG. Furthermore, significant relationships were detected between raised baseline excitatory coregulation in this network and impulsivity measures, supporting a role for negative urgency in alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Chao Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, C.E.A., Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- PONS-Research Group, Charité Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- PONS Centre, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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40
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Zhang Y, Luo Q, Huang CC, Lo CYZ, Langley C, Desrivières S, Quinlan EB, Banaschewski T, Millenet S, Bokde ALW, Flor H, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Artiges E, Paillère-Martinot ML, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Tsai SJ, Lin CP, Bullmore E, Schumann G, Sahakian BJ, Feng J. The Human Brain Is Best Described as Being on a Female/Male Continuum: Evidence from a Neuroimaging Connectivity Study. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3021-3033. [PMID: 33471126 PMCID: PMC8107794 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological androgyny has long been associated with greater cognitive flexibility, adaptive behavior, and better mental health, but whether a similar concept can be defined using neural features remains unknown. Using the neuroimaging data from 9620 participants, we found that global functional connectivity was stronger in the male brain before middle age but became weaker after that, when compared with the female brain, after systematic testing of potentially confounding effects. We defined a brain gender continuum by estimating the likelihood of an observed functional connectivity matrix to represent a male brain. We found that participants mapped at the center of this continuum had fewer internalizing symptoms compared with those at the 2 extreme ends. These findings suggest a novel hypothesis proposing that there exists a neuroimaging concept of androgyny using the brain gender continuum, which may be associated with better mental health in a similar way to psychological androgyny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Research and Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Qiang Luo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Research and Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chun-Yi Zac Lo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Research and Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Christelle Langley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 69117, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 69117, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Manheim, 69117, Germany.,Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, 68131, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 ``Developmental trajectories & psychiatry''; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Etablissement Public de Santé (EPS) Barthélemy Durand, 91700 Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 ``Developmental trajectories & psychiatry''; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Etablissement Public de Santé (EPS) Barthélemy Durand, 91700 Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 ``Developmental trajectories & psychiatry''; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Assistance Publique-Hêpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.,Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Manheim, 69117, Germany.,Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01087, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Research and Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ed Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Huntingdon, CB21 5EF, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,PONS Centre, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Research and Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Shanghai Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Research and Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Wang H, Fan L, Song M, Liu B, Wu D, Jiang R, Li J, Li A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Chaarani B, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Jiang T. Functional Connectivity Predicts Individual Development of Inhibitory Control during Adolescence. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:2686-2700. [PMID: 33386409 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Derailment of inhibitory control (IC) underlies numerous psychiatric and behavioral disorders, many of which emerge during adolescence. Identifying reliable predictive biomarkers that place the adolescents at elevated risk for future IC deficits can help guide early interventions, yet the scarcity of longitudinal research has hindered the progress. Here, using a large-scale longitudinal dataset in which the same subjects performed a stop signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at ages 14 and 19, we tracked their IC development individually and tried to find the brain features predicting their development by constructing prediction models using 14-year-olds' functional connections within a network or between a pair of networks. The participants had distinct between-subject trajectories in their IC development. Of the candidate connections used for prediction, ventral attention-subcortical network interconnections could predict the individual development of IC and formed a prediction model that generalized to previously unseen individuals. Furthermore, we found that connectivity between these two networks was related to substance abuse problems, an IC-deficit related problematic behavior, within 5 years. Our study reveals individual differences in IC development from mid- to late-adolescence and highlights the importance of ventral attention-subcortical network interconnections in predicting future IC development and substance abuse in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Song
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongya Wu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ang Li
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud-University Paris Saclay, DIGITEO Labs, Rue Noetzlin, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud-University Paris Saclay, DIGITEO Labs, Gif sur Yvette; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.,PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China.,The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Chaarani B, Kan KJ, Mackey S, Spechler PA, Potter A, Banaschewski T, Millenet S, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Cattrell A, Conrod PJ, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Nees F, Paus T, Poustka L, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Stringaris A, Higgins ST, Schumann G, Garavan H, Althoff RR. Neural Correlates of Adolescent Irritability and Its Comorbidity With Psychiatric Disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:1371-1379. [PMID: 32860907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irritable mood, a common and impairing symptom in psychopathology, has been proposed to underlie the developmental link between oppositional problems in youth and depression in adulthood. We examined the neural correlates of adolescent irritability in IMAGEN, a sample of 2,024 14-year-old adolescents from 5 European countries. METHOD The Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) was used to assess attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Three items from the DAWBA, selected as close matches to the Affective Reactivity Index, were used to assess irritability. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was examined using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis, and functional magnetic resonance imaging was examined during a stop signal task of inhibitory control. Imaging data were included in structural equation models to examine the direct and indirect associations between irritable mood and comorbid DSM diagnoses. RESULTS Whole-brain voxelwise analysis showed that adolescent irritable mood was associated with less gray matter volume and less neural activation underlying inhibitory control in frontal and temporal cortical areas (cluster-correction at p < .05). Structural equation models suggested that part of the observed smaller gray matter volume was exclusively driven by irritability separate from direct relationships between generalized anxiety disorder (or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, or oppositional defiant disorder) and gray matter volume. CONCLUSION This study identifies adolescent irritability as an independent construct and points to a neurobiological correlate to irritability that is an important contributing feature to many psychopathological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Chaarani
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington.
| | - Kees-Jan Kan
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Scott Mackey
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Philip A Spechler
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Alexandra Potter
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Cattrell
- Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Canada; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Henrik Walter
- Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Argyris Stringaris
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | | | - Hugh Garavan
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Robert R Althoff
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | -
- Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Canada
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Robinson L, Zhang Z, Jia T, Bobou M, Roach A, Campbell I, Irish M, Quinlan EB, Tay N, Barker ED, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Grigis A, Garavan H, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Stringaris A, Penttilä J, van Noort B, Grimmer Y, Martinot MLP, Insensee C, Becker A, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Schmidt U, Desrivières S. Association of Genetic and Phenotypic Assessments With Onset of Disordered Eating Behaviors and Comorbid Mental Health Problems Among Adolescents. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2026874. [PMID: 33263759 PMCID: PMC7711322 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Eating disorders are serious mental disorders with increasing prevalence. Without early identification and treatment, eating disorders may run a long-term course. OBJECTIVE To characterize any associations among disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and other mental health disorders and to identify early associations with the development of symptoms over time. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, population-based, longitudinal cohort study used data from baseline (collected in 2010), follow-up 1 (collected in 2012), and follow-up 2 (collected in 2015) of the IMAGEN Study, which included adolescents recruited from 8 European sites. The present study assessed data from 1623 healthy adolescents, aged 14 years at baseline, recruited from high schools. Data analyses were performed from January 2018 to September 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Body mass index (BMI), mental health symptoms, substance use behaviors, and personality variables were investigated as time-varying associations of DEBs (dieting, binge eating, and purging) or change in BMI over time. Polygenic risk scores were calculated to investigate genetic contributions associated with BMI, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neuroticism to DEBs. RESULTS In this cohort study of 1623 adolescents (829 girls [51.1%]) recruited at a mean (SD) age of 14.5 (0.4) years and followed up at ages 16 and 19 years, 278 adolescents (17.1%) reported binge eating, 334 adolescents (20.6%) reported purging, and 356 adolescents (21.9%) reported dieting at 14, 16, or 19 years. Among the precursors of DEBs, high BMI was associated with future dieting (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 2.09-5.65). High levels of neuroticism (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06), conduct problems (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.17-1.69), and deliberate self-harm (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.37-3.45) were associated with future binge eating. Low agreeableness (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97), deliberate self-harm (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.69-3.95), conduct problems (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.20-1.68), alcohol misuse (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10-1.54), and drug abuse (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.78-4.74) were associated with future purging. Polygenetic risk scores for BMI were associated with dieting (at 14 years: OR, 1.27; lower bound 95% CI, 1.08; at 16 years: OR, 1.38; lower bound 95% CI, 1.17); ADHD, with purging (at 16 years: OR, 1.25; lower bound 95% CI, 1.08; at 19 years, OR, 1.23; lower bound 95% CI, 1.06); and neuroticism, with binge eating (at 14 years: OR, 1.32; lower bound 95% CI, 1.11; at 16 years: OR, 1.24; lower bound 95% CI, 1.06), highlighting distinct etiologic overlaps between these traits. The DEBs predated other mental health problems, with dieting at 14 years associated with future symptoms of depression (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.56-4.10), generalized anxiety (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.14-4.51), deliberate self-harm (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.51-4.24), emotional problems (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.43), and smoking (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.36-3.48). Purging at 14 years was also associated with future depression (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.69-5.01) and anxiety (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.49-4.12) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study delineate temporal associations and shared etiologies among DEBs and other mental health disorders and emphasize the potential of genetic and phenotypical assessments of obesity, behavioral disorders, and neuroticism to improve early and differential diagnosis of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Robinson
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zuo Zhang
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tianye Jia
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marina Bobou
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Roach
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Campbell
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine Irish
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Tay
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward D. Barker
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM U A10 “Developmental Trajectories & Psychiatry,” Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jani Penttilä
- Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland
| | | | - Yvonne Grimmer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris France
| | - Corinna Insensee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Systems Neuroscience, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Deptartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany and Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin School of Psychology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Deptartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany and Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Eating Disorders Service, Maudsley Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Spechler PA, Chaarani B, Orr C, Albaugh MD, Fontaine NR, Higgins ST, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Artiges E, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Garavan H. Longitudinal associations between amygdala reactivity and cannabis use in a large sample of adolescents. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3447-3458. [PMID: 32772145 PMCID: PMC7572697 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The amygdala is a key brain structure to study in relation to cannabis use as reflected by its high-density of cannabinoid receptors and functional reactivity to processes relevant to drug use. Previously, we identified a correlation between cannabis use in early adolescence and amygdala hyper-reactivity to angry faces (Spechler et al. 2015). OBJECTIVES Here, we leveraged the longitudinal aspect of the same dataset (the IMAGEN study) to determine (1) if amygdala hyper-reactivity predicts future cannabis use and (2) if amygdala reactivity is affected by prolonged cannabis exposure during adolescence. METHODS First, linear regressions predicted the level of cannabis use by age 19 using amygdala reactivity to angry faces measured at age 14 prior to cannabis exposure in a sample of 1119 participants. Next, we evaluated the time course of amygdala functional development from age 14 to 19 for angry face processing and how it might be associated with protracted cannabis use throughout this developmental window. We compared the sample from Spechler et al. 2015, the majority of whom escalated their use over the 5-year interval, to a matched sample of non-users. RESULTS Right amygdala reactivity to angry faces significantly predicted cannabis use 5 years later in a dose-response fashion. Cannabis-naïve adolescents demonstrated the lowest levels of amygdala reactivity. No such predictive relationship was identified for alcohol or cigarette use. Next, follow-up analyses indicated a significant group-by-time interaction for the right amygdala. CONCLUSIONS (1) Right amygdala hyper-reactivity is predictive of future cannabis use, and (2) protracted cannabis exposure during adolescence may alter the rate of neurotypical functional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Spechler
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Catherine Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Nicholas R Fontaine
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig-Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Paris, France
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
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Luo Q, Zhang L, Huang CC, Zheng Y, Kanen JW, Zhao Q, Yao Y, Quinlan EB, Jia T, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Sahakian BJ, Schumann G, Li F, Feng J, Desrivières S, Robbins TW. Association between childhood trauma and risk for obesity: a putative neurocognitive developmental pathway. BMC Med 2020; 18:278. [PMID: 33054810 PMCID: PMC7559717 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma increases the risk for adult obesity through multiple complex pathways, and the neural substrates are yet to be determined. METHODS Participants from three population-based neuroimaging cohorts, including the IMAGEN cohort, the UK Biobank (UKB), and the Human Connectome Project (HCP), were recruited. Voxel-based morphometry analysis of both childhood trauma and body mass index (BMI) was performed in the longitudinal IMAGEN cohort; validation of the findings was performed in the UKB. White-matter connectivity analysis was conducted to study the structural connectivity between the identified brain region and subdivisions of the hypothalamus in the HCP. RESULTS In IMAGEN, a smaller frontopolar cortex (FPC) was associated with both childhood abuse (CA) (β = - .568, 95%CI - .942 to - .194; p = .003) and higher BMI (β = - .086, 95%CI - .128 to - .043; p < .001) in male participants, and these findings were validated in UKB. Across seven data collection sites, a stronger negative CA-FPC association was correlated with a higher positive CA-BMI association (β = - 1.033, 95%CI - 1.762 to - .305; p = .015). Using 7-T diffusion tensor imaging data (n = 156), we found that FPC was the third most connected cortical area with the hypothalamus, especially the lateral hypothalamus. A smaller FPC at age 14 contributed to higher BMI at age 19 in those male participants with a history of CA, and the CA-FPC interaction enabled a model at age 14 to account for some future weight gain during a 5-year follow-up (variance explained 5.8%). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight that a malfunctioning, top-down cognitive or behavioral control system, independent of genetic predisposition, putatively contributes to excessive weight gain in a particularly vulnerable population, and may inform treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department & Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department & Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan W Kanen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Qi Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Erin B Quinlan
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à L'énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department & Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Fei Li
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department & Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Shen C, Luo Q, Jia T, Zhao Q, Desrivières S, Quinlan EB, Banaschewski T, Millenet S, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Artiges E, Paillère-Martinot ML, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Li F, Feng J, Schumann G, Sahakian BJ. Neural Correlates of the Dual-Pathway Model for ADHD in Adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:844-854. [PMID: 32375536 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dual-pathway model has been proposed to explain the heterogeneity in symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by two independent psychological pathways based on distinct brain circuits. The authors sought to test whether the hypothesized cognitive and motivational pathways have separable neural correlates. METHODS In a longitudinal community-based cohort of 1,963 adolescents, the neuroanatomical correlates of ADHD were identified by a voxel-wise association analysis and then validated using an independent clinical sample (99 never-medicated patients with ADHD, 56 medicated patients with ADHD, and 267 healthy control subjects). The cognitive and motivational pathways were assessed by neuropsychological tests of working memory, intrasubject variability, stop-signal reaction time, and delay discounting. The associations were tested between the identified neuroanatomical correlates and both ADHD symptoms 2 years later and the polygenic risk score for ADHD. RESULTS Gray matter volumes of both a prefrontal cluster and a posterior occipital cluster were negatively associated with inattention. Compared with healthy control subjects, never-medicated patients, but not medicated patients, had significantly lower gray matter volumes in these two clusters. Working memory and intrasubject variability were associated with the posterior occipital cluster, and delay discounting was independently associated with both clusters. The baseline gray matter volume of the posterior occipital cluster predicted the inattention symptoms in a 2-year follow-up and was associated with the genetic risk for ADHD. CONCLUSIONS The dual-pathway model has both shared and separable neuroanatomical correlates, and the shared correlate in the occipital cortex has the potential to serve as an imaging trait marker of ADHD, especially the inattention symptom domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Qiang Luo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Qi Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Christian Büchel
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Penny Gowland
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Frauke Nees
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Luise Poustka
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Henrik Walter
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Robert Whelan
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng)
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47
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Kühn S, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Gallinat J. Brain structure and habitat: Do the brains of our children tell us where they have been brought up? Neuroimage 2020; 222:117225. [PMID: 32800993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently many lifestyle factors have been shown to be associated with brain structural alterations. At present we are facing increasing population shifts from rural to urban areas, which considerably change the living environments of human beings. To investigate the association between rural vs. urban upbringing and brain structure we selected 106 14-year old adolescents of whom half were exclusively raised in rural areas and the other half who exclusively lived in cities. Voxel-based morphometry revealed a group difference in left hippocampal formation (Rural > City), which was positively associated with cognitive performance in a spatial processing task. Moreover, significant group differences were observed in spatial processing (Rural > City). A mediation analysis revealed that hippocampal formation accounted for more than half of the association between upbringing and spatial processing. The results are compatible with studies reporting earlier and more intense opportunities for spatial exploration in children brought up in rural areas. The results are interesting in the light of urban planning where spaces enabling spatial exploration for children may deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kühn
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy W37, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany or Depending on journal requirements can be Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry NL Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany [or depending on journal requirements can be: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2 - 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Abbreviation
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany or Depending on journal requirements can be Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry NL Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Winter L, Silemek B, Petzold J, Pfeiffer H, Hoffmann W, Seifert F, Ittermann B. Parallel transmission medical implant safety testbed: Real‐time mitigation of RF induced tip heating using time‐domain E‐field sensors. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:3468-3484. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Winter
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Berk Silemek
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Johannes Petzold
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Harald Pfeiffer
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
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49
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Judd N, Sauce B, Wiedenhoeft J, Tromp J, Chaarani B, Schliep A, van Noort B, Penttilä J, Grimmer Y, Insensee C, Becker A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Artiges E, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Garavan H, Klingberg T. Cognitive and brain development is independently influenced by socioeconomic status and polygenic scores for educational attainment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12411-12418. [PMID: 32430323 PMCID: PMC7275733 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001228117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors and socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities play a large role in educational attainment, and both have been associated with variations in brain structure and cognition. However, genetics and SES are correlated, and no prior study has assessed their neural associations independently. Here we used a polygenic score for educational attainment (EduYears-PGS), as well as SES, in a longitudinal study of 551 adolescents to tease apart genetic and environmental associations with brain development and cognition. Subjects received a structural MRI scan at ages 14 and 19. At both time points, they performed three working memory (WM) tasks. SES and EduYears-PGS were correlated (r = 0.27) and had both common and independent associations with brain structure and cognition. Specifically, lower SES was related to less total cortical surface area and lower WM. EduYears-PGS was also related to total cortical surface area, but in addition had a regional association with surface area in the right parietal lobe, a region related to nonverbal cognitive functions, including mathematics, spatial cognition, and WM. SES, but not EduYears-PGS, was related to a change in total cortical surface area from age 14 to 19. This study demonstrates a regional association of EduYears-PGS and the independent prediction of SES with cognitive function and brain development. It suggests that the SES inequalities, in particular parental education, are related to global aspects of cortical development, and exert a persistent influence on brain development during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Judd
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Bruno Sauce
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - John Wiedenhoeft
- Department of Medical Statistics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
| | - Jeshua Tromp
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2311, The Netherlands
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Alexander Schliep
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41756, Sweden
| | - Betteke van Noort
- Hochschule für Gesundheit und Medizin, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, 14197, Germany
| | - Jani Penttilä
- Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, University of Tampere, Lahti, 33100, Finland
| | - Yvonne Grimmer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 69117, Germany
| | - Corinna Insensee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 69117, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 69117, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, 68131, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, 38116, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry," Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry," Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry," Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 69117, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, 68131, Germany
| | - Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos
- NeuroSpin, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 69117, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 69117, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01087, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Torkel Klingberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden;
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50
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Winter L, Seifert F, Zilberti L, Murbach M, Ittermann B. MRI‐Related Heating of Implants and Devices: A Review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:1646-1665. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Winter
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
| | - Luca Zilberti
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica Torino Italy
| | - Manuel Murbach
- ZMT Zurich MedTech AG Zurich Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Instrumentation and Imaging (i3M) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) Valencia Spain
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig and Berlin Germany
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