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Akgül Ö, Fide E, Özel F, Alptekin K, Bora E, Akdede BB, Yener G. Early and late contingent negative variation (CNV) reflect different aspects of deficits in schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38658367 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal reward processing and psychomotor slowing are well-known in schizophrenia (SZ). As a slow frontocentral potential, contingent negative variation (CNV) is associated with anticipatory attention, motivation and motor planning. The present study aims to evaluate the early and late amplitude and latencies of CNV in patients with SZ compared to healthy controls during a reward processing task and to show its association with clinical symptoms. We recruited 21 patients with SZ and 22 healthy controls to compare early and late CNV amplitude and latency values during a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task between groups. Patients' symptom severity, levels of negative symptoms and depressive symptoms were assessed. Clinical features of the patients were further examined for their relation with CNV components. In conclusion, we found decreased early CNV amplitudes in SZ during the reward condition. They also displayed diminished and shortened late CNV responses for incentive cues, specifically at the central location. Furthermore, early CNV amplitudes exhibited a significant correlation with positive symptoms. Both CNV latencies were linked with medication dosage and the behavioural outcomes of the MID task. We revealed that early and late CNV exhibit different functions in neurophysiology and correspond to various facets of the deficits observed in patients. Our findings also emphasized that slow cortical potentials are indicative of deficient motivational processes as well as impaired reaction preparation in SZ. To gain a deeper understanding of the cognitive and motor impairments associated with psychosis, future studies must compare the effects of CNV in the early and late phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Akgül
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Fide
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Health, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fatih Özel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Bora
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berna Binnur Akdede
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Görsev Yener
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
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Chiappini E, Massaccesi C, Korb S, Steyrl D, Willeit M, Silani G. Neural hyperresponsivity during the anticipation of tangible social and non-social rewards in autism spectrum disorder: a concurrent neuroimaging and facial electromyography study. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2024:S2451-9022(24)00108-3. [PMID: 38642898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical anticipation of social reward has been indicated to lie at the core of the social challenges faced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, past research has yielded inconsistent results, often overlooking crucial characteristics of stimuli. Here, we investigated ASD reward processing using social and non-social tangible stimuli, carefully matched on several key dimensions. METHODS We examined the anticipation and consumption of social (interpersonal touch) and non-social (flavored milk) rewards in 25 high-functioning ASD and 25 neurotypical adult individuals. Besides subjective ratings of wanting and liking, we measured physical energetic expenditure to get the rewards, brain activity with neuroimaging, and facial reactions through electromyography, on a trial-by-trial basis. RESULTS ASD participants did not exhibit reduced motivation for social or non-social rewards; their subjective ratings, motivated efforts, and facial reactions were comparable to those of neurotypical participants. However, anticipation of higher-value rewards increased neural activation in lateral parietal cortices, sensorimotor regions and the orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, ASD participants exhibited hyperconnectivity between frontal medial regions and occipital regions and the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with ASD experiencing rewards with tangible characteristics, whether social or non-social, displayed typical subjective and objective motivational and hedonic responses. Notably, the observed hyperactivations in sensory and attentional nodes during anticipation suggest atypical sensory over-processing of forthcoming rewards rather than decreased reward value. While these atypicalities may not manifest in observable behavior here, they could impact real-life social interactions that require nuanced predictions, potentially leading to the misperception of ASD reduced interest in rewarding social stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Chiappini
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Claudia Massaccesi
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Korb
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ Colchester, UK
| | - David Steyrl
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Silani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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Ma Y, Kochunov P, Kvarta MD, LeGates T, Adhikari BM, Chiappelli J, van der Vaart A, Goldwaser EL, Bruce H, Hatch KS, Gao S, Chen S, Summerfelt A, Nichols TE, Hong LE. Reciprocal relationships between stress and depressive symptoms: the essential role of the nucleus accumbens. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1045-1056. [PMID: 37750294 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress and depression have a reciprocal relationship, but the neural underpinnings of this reciprocity are unclear. We investigated neuroimaging phenotypes that facilitate the reciprocity between stress and depressive symptoms. METHODS In total, 22 195 participants (52.0% females) from the population-based UK Biobank study completed two visits (initial visit: 2006-2010, age = 55.0 ± 7.5 [40-70] years; second visit: 2014-2019; age = 62.7 ± 7.5 [44-80] years). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between self-report stressful life events (SLEs) and depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional data were used to examine the overlap between neuroimaging correlates of SLEs and depressive symptoms on the second visit among 138 multimodal imaging phenotypes. RESULTS Longitudinal data were consistent with significant bidirectional causal relationship between SLEs and depressive symptoms. In cross-sectional analyses, SLEs were significantly associated with lower bilateral nucleus accumbal volume and lower fractional anisotropy of the forceps major. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with extensive white matter hyperintensities, thinner cortex, lower subcortical volume, and white matter microstructural deficits, mainly in corticostriatal-limbic structures. Lower bilateral nucleus accumbal volume were the only imaging phenotypes with overlapping effects of depressive symptoms and SLEs (B = -0.032 to -0.023, p = 0.006-0.034). Depressive symptoms and SLEs significantly partially mediated the effects of each other on left and right nucleus accumbens volume (proportion of effects mediated = 12.7-14.3%, p < 0.001-p = 0.008). For the left nucleus accumbens, post-hoc seed-based analysis showed lower resting-state functional connectivity with the left orbitofrontal cortex (cluster size = 83 voxels, p = 5.4 × 10-5) in participants with high v. no SLEs. CONCLUSIONS The nucleus accumbens may play a key role in the reciprocity between stress and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tara LeGates
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew van der Vaart
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn S Hatch
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Summerfelt
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Department of Statistics, Big Data Science Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Culbreth AJ, Moran EK, Mahaphanit W, Erickson MA, Boudewyn MA, Frank MJ, Barch DM, MacDonald AW, Ragland JD, Luck SJ, Silverstein SM, Carter CS, Gold JM. A Transdiagnostic Study of Effort-Cost Decision-Making in Psychotic and Mood Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:339-348. [PMID: 37901911 PMCID: PMC10919776 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that effort-cost decision-making (ECDM), the estimation of work required to obtain reward, may be a relevant framework for understanding motivational impairment in psychotic and mood pathology. Specifically, research has suggested that people with psychotic and mood pathology experience effort as more costly than controls, and thus pursue effortful goals less frequently. This study examined ECDM across psychotic and mood pathology. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that patient groups would show reduced willingness to expend effort compared to controls. STUDY DESIGN People with schizophrenia (N = 33), schizoaffective disorder (N = 28), bipolar disorder (N = 39), major depressive disorder (N = 40), and controls (N = 70) completed a physical ECDM task. Participants decided between completing a low-effort or high-effort option for small or larger rewards, respectively. Reward magnitude, reward probability, and effort magnitude varied trial-by-trial. Data were analyzed using standard and hierarchical logistic regression analyses to assess the subject-specific contribution of various factors to choice. Negative symptoms were measured with a clinician-rated interview. STUDY RESULTS There was a significant effect of group, driven by reduced choice of high-effort options in schizophrenia. Hierarchical logistic regression revealed that reduced choice of high-effort options in schizophrenia was driven by weaker contributions of probability information. Use of reward information was inversely associated with motivational impairment in schizophrenia. Surprisingly, individuals with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide support for ECDM deficits in schizophrenia. Additionally, differences between groups in ECDM suggest a seemingly similar behavioral phenotype, reduced motivation, could arise from disparate mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Culbreth
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Erin K Moran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Wasita Mahaphanit
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Molly A Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Megan A Boudewyn
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | | | - J Daniel Ragland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, USA
| | - Steven J Luck
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, USA
| | - James M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Kroker T, Rehbein MA, Wyczesany M, Bölte J, Roesmann K, Wessing I, Junghöfer M. Higher-order comparative reward processing is affected by noninvasive stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25248. [PMID: 37815024 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A crucial skill, especially in rapidly changing environments, is to be able to learn efficiently from prior rewards or losses and apply this acquired knowledge in upcoming situations. Often, we must weigh the risks of different options and decide whether an option is worth the risk or whether we should choose a safer option. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is suggested as a major hub for basic but also higher-order reward processing. Dysfunction in this region has been linked to cognitive risk factors for depression and behavioral addictions, including reduced optimism and feedback learning. Here, we test whether modulations of vmPFC excitability via noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can alter reward anticipation and reward processing. In a financial gambling task, participants chose between a higher and a lower monetary risk option and eventually received feedback whether they won or lost. Simultaneously feedback on the unchosen option was presented as well. Behavioral and magnetoencephalographic correlates of reward processing were evaluated in direct succession of either excitatory or inhibitory tDCS of the vmPFC. We were able to show modulated reward approach behavior (expectancy of greater reward magnitudes) as well as altered reevaluation of received feedback by vmPFC tDCS as indicated by modified choice behavior following the feedback. Thereby, tDCS not only influenced early, rather basic reward processing, but it also modulated higher-order comparative feedback evaluation of gains and losses relative to alternative outcomes. The neural results underline this idea, as stimulation-driven modulations of the basic reward-related effect occurred at rather early time intervals and were followed by stimulation effects related to comparative reward processing. Importantly, behavioral ratings were correlated with neural activity in left frontal areas. Our results imply a dual function of the vmPFC consisting of approaching reward (as indicated by more risky choices) and elaborately evaluating outcomes. In addition, our data suggest that vmPFC activity is associated with adaptive decision-making in the future via modulated behavioral adaptation or reinforcement learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kroker
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Maimu Alissa Rehbein
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Jens Bölte
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kati Roesmann
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Ida Wessing
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Junghöfer
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Akgül Ö, Fide E, Özel F, Alptekin K, Bora E, Akdede BB, Yener G. Enhanced Punishment Responses in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Event-Related Potential Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024; 55:219-229. [PMID: 37563908 DOI: 10.1177/15500594231190966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that abnormal reward processing is a characteristic feature of various psychopathologies including schizophrenia. Reduced reward anticipation has been suggested as a core symptom of schizophrenia. The Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MID) is frequently used to detect reward anticipation. The present study aims to evaluate the amplitude and latency of event-related potential (ERP) P300 in patients with schizophrenia (SCH) compared to healthy controls during the MID task. Twenty patients with SCH and 21 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. ERP P300 amplitude and latency values were compared between groups using an MID task in which reward and loss cues were presented. Relations between P300 and clinical facets were investigated in the patient group. SCH group had enhanced mean P300 amplitudes and delayed peak latency in the punishment condition compared with HC. These higher responses were also associated with negative symptoms. SCH group showed altered reward processing as being more sensitive to loss of reward conditions as firstly evidenced by electrophysiological methods, possibly due to abnormality in various systems including social withdrawal, social defeat, and behavioral inhibition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Akgül
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Fide
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özel
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Bora
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berna Binnur Akdede
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Görsev Yener
- Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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Lee S, Song E, Zhu M, Appel-Cresswell S, McKeown MJ. Apathy scores in Parkinson's disease relate to EEG components in an incentivized motor task. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae025. [PMID: 38370450 PMCID: PMC10873141 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Apathy is one of the most prevalent non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and is characterized by decreased goal-directed behaviour due to a lack of motivation and/or impaired emotional reactivity. Despite its high prevalence, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying apathy in Parkinson's disease, which may guide neuromodulation interventions, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the neural oscillatory characteristics of apathy in Parkinson's disease using EEG data recorded during an incentivized motor task. Thirteen Parkinson's disease patients with apathy and 13 Parkinson's disease patients without apathy as well as 12 healthy controls were instructed to squeeze a hand grip device to earn a monetary reward proportional to the grip force they used. Event-related spectral perturbations during the presentation of a reward cue and squeezing were analysed using multiset canonical correlation analysis to detect different orthogonal components of temporally consistent event-related spectral perturbations across trials and participants. The first component, predominantly located over parietal regions, demonstrated suppression of low-beta (12-20 Hz) power (i.e. beta desynchronization) during reward cue presentation that was significantly smaller in Parkinson's disease patients with apathy compared with healthy controls. Unlike traditional event-related spectral perturbation analysis, the beta desynchronization in this component was significantly correlated with clinical apathy scores. Higher monetary rewards resulted in larger beta desynchronization in healthy controls but not Parkinson's disease patients. The second component contained gamma and theta frequencies and demonstrated exaggerated theta (4-8 Hz) power in Parkinson's disease patients with apathy during the reward cue and squeezing compared with healthy controls (HCs), and this was positively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. The third component, over central regions, demonstrated significantly different beta power across groups, with apathetic groups having the lowest beta power. Our results emphasize that altered low-beta and low-theta oscillations are critical for reward processing and motor planning in Parkinson's disease patients with apathy and these may provide a target for non-invasive neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Lee
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Esther Song
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Maria Zhu
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Silke Appel-Cresswell
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Martin J McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
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Fetcho RN, Parekh PK, Chou J, Kenwood M, Chalençon L, Estrin DJ, Johnson M, Liston C. A stress-sensitive frontostriatal circuit supporting effortful reward-seeking behavior. Neuron 2024; 112:473-487.e4. [PMID: 37963470 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Effort valuation-a process for selecting actions based on the anticipated value of rewarding outcomes and expectations about the work required to obtain them-plays a fundamental role in decision-making. Effort valuation is disrupted in chronic stress states and is supported by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but the circuit-level mechanisms by which the ACC regulates effort-based decision-making are unclear. Here, we show that ACC neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (ACC-NAc) play a critical role in effort valuation behavior in mice. Activity in ACC-NAc cells integrates both reward- and effort-related information, encoding a reward-related signal that scales with effort requirements and is necessary for supporting future effortful decisions. Chronic corticosterone exposure reduces motivation, suppresses effortful reward-seeking, and disrupts ACC-NAc signals. Together, our results delineate a stress-sensitive ACC-NAc circuit that supports effortful reward-seeking behavior by integrating reward and effort signals and reinforcing effort allocation in the service of maximizing reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Fetcho
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Puja K Parekh
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jolin Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Margaux Kenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Laura Chalençon
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David J Estrin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Megan Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Beyer E, Poudel G, Antonopoulos S, Thomson H, Lorenzetti V. Brain reward function in people who use cannabis: a systematic review. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 17:1323609. [PMID: 38379938 PMCID: PMC10877725 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1323609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale Cannabis is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances globally. Cannabis use can be associated with alterations of reward processing, including affective flattening, apathy, anhedonia, and lower sensitivity to natural rewards in conjunction with higher sensitivity to cannabis-related rewards. Such alterations have been posited to be driven by changes in underlying brain reward pathways, as per prominent neuroscientific theories of addiction. Functional neuroimaging (fMRI) studies have examined brain reward function in cannabis users via the monetary incentive delay (MID) fMRI task; however, this evidence is yet to be systematically synthesised. Objectives We aimed to systematically integrate the evidence on brain reward function in cannabis users examined by the MID fMRI task; and in relation to metrics of cannabis exposure (e.g., dosage, frequency) and other behavioural variables. Method We pre-registered the review in PROSPERO and reported it using PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus. Results Nine studies were included, comprising 534 people with mean ages 16-to-28 years, of which 255 were people who use cannabis daily or almost daily, and 279 were controls. The fMRI literature to date led to largely non-significant group differences. A few studies reported group differences in the ventral striatum while participants anticipated rewards and losses; and in the caudate while participants received neutral outcomes. A few studies examined correlations between brain function and withdrawal, dosage, and age of onset; and reported inconsistent findings. Conclusions There is emerging but inconsistent evidence of altered brain reward function in cannabis users examined with the MID fMRI task. Future fMRI studies are required to confirm if the brain reward system is altered in vulnerable cannabis users who experience a Cannabis Use Disorder, as postulated by prominent neuroscientific theories of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emillie Beyer
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Govinda Poudel
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Braincast Neurotechnologies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Antonopoulos
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Thomson
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Gao Y, Panier LYX, Gameroff MJ, Auerbach RP, Posner J, Weissman MM, Kayser J. Feedback negativity and feedback-related P3 in individuals at risk for depression: Comparing surface potentials and current source densities. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14444. [PMID: 37740325 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Blunted responses to reward feedback have been linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) and depression risk. Using a monetary incentive delay task (win, loss, break-even), we investigated the impact of family risk for depression and lifetime history of MDD and anxiety disorder with 72-channel electroencephalograms (EEG) recorded from 29 high-risk and 32 low-risk individuals (15-58 years, 30 male). Linked-mastoid surface potentials (ERPs) and their corresponding reference-free current source densities (CSDs) were quantified by temporal principal components analysis (PCA). Each PCA solution revealed a midfrontal feedback negativity (FN; peak around 310 ms) and a posterior feedback-P3 (fb-P3; 380 ms) as two distinct reward processing stages. Unbiased permutation tests and multilevel modeling of component scores revealed greater FN to loss than win and neutral for all stratification groups, confirming FN sensitivity to valence. Likewise, all groups had greater fb-P3 to win and loss than neutral, confirming that fb-P3 indexes motivational salience and allocation of attention. By contrast, group effects were subtle, dependent on data transformation (ERP, CSD), and did not confirm reduced FN or fb-P3 for at-risk individuals. Instead, CSD-based fb-P3 was overall reduced in individuals with than without MDD history, whereas ERP-based fb-P3 was greater for high-risk individuals than for low-risk individuals for monetary, but not neutral outcomes. While the present findings do not support blunted reward processing in depression and depression risk, our side-by-side comparison underscores how the EEG reference choice affects the characterization of subtle group differences, strongly advocating the use of reference-free techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gao
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lidia Y X Panier
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marc J Gameroff
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jürgen Kayser
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Kirk‐Provencher KT, Hakimi RH, Andereas K, Penner AE, Gowin JL. Neural response to threat and reward among young adults at risk for alcohol use disorder. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13378. [PMID: 38334006 PMCID: PMC10898840 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is heritable. Thus, young adults with positive family histories represent an at-risk group relative to those without a family history, and if studied at a time when both groups have similar levels of alcohol use, it provides an opportunity to identify neural processing patterns associated with risk for AUD. Previous studies have shown that diminished response to potential reward is associated with genetic risk for AUD, but it is unclear how threat may modulate this response. We used a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task during fMRI to examine neural correlates of the interaction between threat and reward anticipation in a sample of young adults with (n = 31) and without (n = 44) family histories of harmful alcohol use. We found an interaction (p = 0.048) between cue and group in the right nucleus accumbens where the family history positive group showed less differentiation to the anticipation of gaining $5 and losing $5 relative to gaining $0. The family history-positive group also reported less excitement for trials to gain $5 relative to gaining $0 (p < 0.001). Family history-positive individuals showed less activation in the left insula during both safe and threat blocks compared to family history-negative individuals (p = 0.005), but the groups did not differ as a function of threat (p > 0.70). Young adults with, relative to without, enriched risk for AUD may have diminished reward processing via both neural and behavioural markers to potential rewarding and negative consequences. Neural response to threat may not be a contributing factor to risk at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn T. Kirk‐Provencher
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Rosa H. Hakimi
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Keinada Andereas
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Anne E. Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Joshua L. Gowin
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
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12
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Kasparek SW, Gastón-Panthaki A, Hanford LC, Lengua LJ, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA. Does reward processing moderate or mediate the link between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2338-2351. [PMID: 37554120 PMCID: PMC10853484 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is common and associated with elevated risk for transdiagnostic psychopathology. Reward processing has been implicated in the link between adversity and psychopathology, but whether it serves as a mediator or moderator is unclear. This study examined whether alterations in behavioral and neural reward processing function as a mechanism or moderator of psychopathology outcomes following adversity experiences, including threat (i.e., trauma) and deprivation. A longitudinal community sample of 10-15-year-old youths was assessed across two waves (Wave 1: n = 228; Wave 2: n = 206). Wave 1 assessed adverse experiences, psychopathology symptoms, reward processing on a monetary incentive delay task, and resting-state fMRI. At Wave 2, psychopathology symptoms were reassessed. Greater threat experiences were associated with blunted behavioral reward sensitivity, which, in turn, predicted increases in depression symptoms over time and mediated the prospective association between threat and depression symptoms. In contrast, reward sensitivity moderated the association between deprivation experiences and prospective externalizing symptoms such that the positive association of deprivation with increasing externalizing symptoms was absent for children with high levels of reward sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Margaret A. Sheridan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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13
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Sun Y, Huang Z, Gao X, Chen L, Wang J, Zhou Z, Zhou H. Neural Correlates of Anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder: Insights from Concurrent Analysis of Feedback-Related Negativity and Stimulus-Preceding Negativity. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2549-2560. [PMID: 38029043 PMCID: PMC10680481 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s435017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anhedonia, a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), is explored in this study, focusing on the neural underpinnings through the examination of two event-related potential (ERP) components: feedback-related negativity (FRN) and stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN). Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in China from March 2022 to March 2023. It involved 35 MDD patients and 31 healthy controls (HC) participating in a modified 2-door task with simultaneous EEG recordings. Depression severity and anhedonia were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS-CV), respectively. FRN and SPN metrics, along with correlations with each other and clinical assessments, were examined. Results In comparison to the HC group, the MDD group exhibited significantly lower scores in TEPS-CV (t = 2.854, p = 0.006) and its subscales (t = -3.596, p = 0.001 and t = 2.434, p = 0.018, respectively), along with consistently reduced amplitudes of FRN (F 1.64= 4.726, p = 0.033) and SPN (F 1.64= 4.195, p = 0.045) across all conditions. Limited correlations were observed between ERP metrics and clinical indicators, except for positive correlations between FRN amplitudes (loss minus win) and HAMD scores (r = 0.392, p = 0.020), and SPN amplitudes after losing (SPN-L) and TEPS-CV consumption subscale scores (r = 0.357, p = 0.035). Notably, while the HC group displayed no significant FRN-SPN correlations, the MDD group exhibited positive FRN-SPN correlations under distinct conditions (r = 0.376, p = 0.026 and r = 0.355, p = 0.037, respectively). Conclusion Our data reveal subjective and objective anhedonia in both consumption and anticipation, suggesting a shared impairment in reward feedback processing and anticipatory neural mechanisms in individuals with MDD. These findings deepen our understanding of anhedonia's neural foundations and may guide targeted interventions for this core symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Department of Music and Wellbeing, School of Music, University of Leeds, Leeds City, UK
| | - Xuezheng Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
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Naghel S, Vallesi A, Sabouri Moghadam H, Nazari MA. Neural Differences in Relation to Risk Preferences during Reward Processing: An Event-Related Potential Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1235. [PMID: 37759836 PMCID: PMC10527558 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variability in risk preferences can be reflected in reward processing differences, making people risk-seekers or risk-averse. However, the neural correlates of reward processing in individuals with risk preferences remain unknown. Consequently, this event-related potential (ERP) study examined and compared electrophysiological correlates associated with different stages of reward processing in risk-seeking and risk-averse groups. Individuals scoring in the bottom and top 20% on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) were deemed risk-averse and risk-seeking, respectively. Participants engaged in a gambling task while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Risk-seekers tended to choose high-risk options significantly more frequently than low-risk options, whereas risk-averse individuals chose low-risk options significantly more frequently than high-risk ones. All participants selected the low-risk alternative more slowly than the high-risk option. During the anticipation stage, the low-risk option elicited a relatively attenuated stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) response from risk-seekers compared to risk-averse participants. During the outcome stage, feedback-related negativity (FRN) increased in risk-seekers responding to greater losses but not in risk-averse participants. These results indicate that ERP components can detect differences in reward processing during risky situations. In addition, these results suggest that motivation and cognitive control, along with their associated neural processes, may play a central role in differences in reward-based behavior between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Naghel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (S.N.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Hassan Sabouri Moghadam
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (S.N.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
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15
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Rehbein MA, Kroker T, Winker C, Ziehfreund L, Reschke A, Bölte J, Wyczesany M, Roesmann K, Wessing I, Junghöfer M. Non-invasive stimulation reveals ventromedial prefrontal cortex function in reward prediction and reward processing. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1219029. [PMID: 37650099 PMCID: PMC10465130 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1219029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies suggest an involvement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in reward prediction and processing, with reward-based learning relying on neural activity in response to unpredicted rewards or non-rewards (reward prediction error, RPE). Here, we investigated the causal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction, processing, and RPE signaling by transiently modulating vmPFC excitability using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Methods Participants received excitatory or inhibitory tDCS of the vmPFC before completing a gambling task, in which cues signaled varying reward probabilities and symbols provided feedback on monetary gain or loss. We collected self-reported and evaluative data on reward prediction and processing. In addition, cue-locked and feedback-locked neural activity via magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupil diameter using eye-tracking were recorded. Results Regarding reward prediction (cue-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased prefrontal activation preceding loss predictions, increased pupil dilations, and tentatively more optimistic reward predictions. Regarding reward processing (feedback-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased pleasantness, increased vmPFC activation, especially for unpredicted gains (i.e., gain RPEs), decreased perseveration in choice behavior after negative feedback, and increased pupil dilations. Discussion Our results support the pivotal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction and processing. Furthermore, they suggest that transient vmPFC excitation via tDCS induces a positive bias into the reward system that leads to enhanced anticipation and appraisal of positive outcomes and improves reward-based learning, as indicated by greater behavioral flexibility after losses and unpredicted outcomes, which can be seen as an improved reaction to the received feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimu Alissa Rehbein
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Kroker
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Winker
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Ziehfreund
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Reschke
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Bölte
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Kati Roesmann
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Ida Wessing
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Junghöfer
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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16
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Kirk-Provencher KT, Hakimi RH, Andereas K, Penner AE, Gowin JL. NEURAL RESPONSE TO THREAT AND REWARD AMONG YOUNG ADULTS AT RISK FOR ALCOHOL USE DISORDER. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.20.23292969. [PMID: 37546975 PMCID: PMC10402225 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.23292969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is 50% heritable; those with positive family histories represent an at-risk group within which we can test anticipation of threat and reward prior to development of harmful alcohol use. We examined neural correlates of the interaction between family history, threat anticipation (unpredictable threat), and monetary reward anticipation, in a sample of healthy young adults with (n=31) and without (n=44) family histories of harmful alcohol use. We used a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task with sustained threat of hearing a scream during fMRI. We examined the interaction between family history group, anticipation of threat, and anticipation of reward in the insula, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex. Family history positive individuals showed less activation in the left insula during both safe and threat blocks compared to family history negative individuals (p=0.005), but the groups did not differ as a function of unpredictable threat (p>0.70). We found an interaction (p=0.048) between cue and group in the right nucleus accumbens where the family history positive group showed less differentiation to the anticipation of gaining $5 and losing $5 relative to gaining $0. The family history positive group also reported less excitement for trials to gain $5 relative to gaining $0 (p<0.001). Prior to chronic heavy alcohol use, individuals with, relative to without, enriched risk may have diminished reward processing via both neural and behavioral markers to potential rewarding and negative consequences. Neural response to unpredictable threat may not be a contributing factor to risk at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa H. Hakimi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Keinada Andereas
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Anne E. Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Joshua L. Gowin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
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17
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Vandendriessche H, Demmou A, Bavard S, Yadak J, Lemogne C, Mauras T, Palminteri S. Contextual influence of reinforcement learning performance of depression: evidence for a negativity bias? Psychol Med 2023; 53:4696-4706. [PMID: 35726513 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Value-based decision-making impairment in depression is a complex phenomenon: while some studies did find evidence of blunted reward learning and reward-related signals in the brain, others indicate no effect. Here we test whether such reward sensitivity deficits are dependent on the overall value of the decision problem. METHODS We used a two-armed bandit task with two different contexts: one 'rich', one 'poor' where both options were associated with an overall positive, negative expected value, respectively. We tested patients (N = 30) undergoing a major depressive episode and age, gender and socio-economically matched controls (N = 26). Learning performance followed by a transfer phase, without feedback, were analyzed to distangle between a decision or a value-update process mechanism. Finally, we used computational model simulation and fitting to link behavioral patterns to learning biases. RESULTS Control subjects showed similar learning performance in the 'rich' and the 'poor' contexts, while patients displayed reduced learning in the 'poor' context. Analysis of the transfer phase showed that the context-dependent impairment in patients generalized, suggesting that the effect of depression has to be traced to the outcome encoding. Computational model-based results showed that patients displayed a higher learning rate for negative compared to positive outcomes (the opposite was true in controls). CONCLUSIONS Our results illustrate that reinforcement learning performances in depression depend on the value of the context. We show that depressive patients have a specific trouble in contexts with an overall negative state value, which in our task is consistent with a negativity bias at the learning rates level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vandendriessche
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Computationnelles, INSERM U960, Paris, France
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Amel Demmou
- Unité Psychiatrie Adultes, Hôpital Cochin Port Royal, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Bavard
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Computationnelles, INSERM U960, Paris, France
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julien Yadak
- Unité Psychiatrie Adultes, Hôpital Cochin Port Royal, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mauras
- Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire, GHU paris psychiatrie neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Palminteri
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Computationnelles, INSERM U960, Paris, France
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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18
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van Timmeren T, van Holst RJ, Goudriaan AE. Striatal ups or downs? Neural correlates of monetary reward anticipation, cue reactivity and their interaction in alcohol use disorder and gambling disorder. J Behav Addict 2023. [PMID: 37133998 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Dysfunction of the striatum, a brain region part of the mesolimbic reward system, is a key characteristic of addictive disorders, but neuroimaging studies have reported conflicting findings. An integrative model of addiction points to the presence or absence of addiction-related cues as an explanation for hyper- or hypoactivation, respectively, of the striatum. Methods To test this model directly, we investigated striatal activation during monetary reward anticipation in the presence versus absence of addiction-related cues using functional MRI. Across two studies, we compared 46 alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients with 30 matched healthy controls; and 24 gambling disorder (GD) patients with 22 matched healthy controls. Results During monetary reward anticipation, hypoactivation of the reward system was seen in AUD individuals compared to HCs. Additionally, a behavioral interaction was seen where gambling cues made participants, across groups, respond faster for bigger, but slower for smaller rewards. However, no striatal differences were seen in response to addiction-related cues between AUD or GD patients and their matched controls. Finally, despite substantial individual differences in neural activity to cue-reactivity and reward anticipation, these measures did not correlate, suggesting that they contribute independently to addiction aetiology. Discussion and Conclusions Our findings replicate previous findings of blunted striatal activity during monetary reward anticipation in alcohol use disorder but do not support the idea that addiction-related cues explain striatal dysfunction as suggested by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim van Timmeren
- 1Department of Social Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- 2ABC Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- 3Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J van Holst
- 2ABC Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- 3Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- 2ABC Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- 3Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 4Arkin Mental Health, The Netherlands
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19
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Beltz AM, Demidenko MI, Wilson SJ, Berenbaum SA. Prenatal androgen influences on the brain: A review, critique, and illustration of research on congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:563-574. [PMID: 34139025 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones, especially androgens, contribute to sex and gender differences in the brain and behavior. Organizational effects are particularly important because they are thought to be permanent, reflecting hormone exposure during sensitive periods of development. In human beings, they are often studied with natural experiments in which sex hormones are dissociated from other biopsychosocial aspects of development, such as genes and experiences. Indeed, the greatest evidence for organizational effects on sex differences in human behavior comes from studies of females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), who have heightened prenatal androgen exposure, female-typical rearing, and masculinized toy play, activity and career interests, spatial skills, and some personal characteristics. Interestingly, however, neuroimaging studies of females with CAH have revealed few neural mechanisms underlying these hormone-behavior links, with the exception of emotion processing; studies have instead shown reduced gray matter volumes and reduced white matter integrity most consistent with other disease-related processes. The goals of this narrative review are to: (a) describe methods for studying prenatal androgen influences, while offering a brief overview of behavioral outcomes; (b) provide a critical methodological review of neuroimaging research on females with CAH; (c) present an illustrative analysis that overcomes methodological limitations of previous work, focusing on person-specific neural reward networks (and their associations with sensation seeking) in women with CAH and their unaffected sisters in order to inform future research questions and approaches that are most likely to reveal organizational hormone effects on brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriene M Beltz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sheri A Berenbaum
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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20
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Garland EL, Fix ST, Hudak JP, Bernat EM, Nakamura Y, Hanley AW, Donaldson GW, Marchand WR, Froeliger B. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement remediates anhedonia in chronic opioid use by enhancing neurophysiological responses during savoring of natural rewards. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2085-2094. [PMID: 37310337 PMCID: PMC10106294 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychopharmacologic effects of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) in the context of chronic pain may result in subjective anhedonia coupled with decreased attention to natural rewards. Yet, there are no known efficacious treatments for anhedonia and reward deficits associated with chronic opioid use. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), a novel behavioral intervention combining training in mindfulness with savoring of natural rewards, may hold promise for treating anhedonia in LTOT. METHODS Veterans receiving LTOT (N = 63) for chronic pain were randomized to 8 weeks of MORE or a supportive group (SG) psychotherapy control. Before and after the 8-week treatment groups, we assessed the effects of MORE on the late positive potential (LPP) of the electroencephalogram and skin conductance level (SCL) during viewing and up-regulating responses (i.e. savoring) to natural reward cues. We then examined whether these neurophysiological effects were associated with reductions in subjective anhedonia by 4-month follow-up. RESULTS Patients treated with MORE demonstrated significantly increased LPP and SCL to natural reward cues and greater decreases in subjective anhedonia relative to those in the SG. The effect of MORE on reducing anhedonia was statistically mediated by increases in LPP response during savoring. CONCLUSIONS MORE enhances motivated attention to natural reward cues among chronic pain patients on LTOT, as evidenced by increased electrocortical and sympathetic nervous system responses. Given neurophysiological evidence of clinical target engagement, MORE may be an efficacious treatment for anhedonia among chronic opioid users, people with chronic pain, and those at risk for opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship site located at the VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Justin P. Hudak
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Yoshio Nakamura
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Pain Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Adam W. Hanley
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gary W. Donaldson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Pain Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - William R. Marchand
- Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship site located at the VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Missouri
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21
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Amir N, Holbrook A, Meissel E, Taboas W. The Psychometric Properties and Clinical Utility of Neural Measures of Reward Processing. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:7085656. [PMID: 36961734 PMCID: PMC10039464 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Reward processing is implicated in the etiology of several psychological conditions including depressive disorders. In the current paper, we examined the psychometric properties of a neural measure of reward processing, the reward positivity (RewP), in 279 adult women at baseline and 187 women eight weeks later. The RewP demonstrated excellent internal consistency at both timepoints and good test-retest reliability using estimates from both classical test theory and generalizability theory. Additionally, the difference between RewP following reward and loss feedback was marginally associated with depressive symptoms in a subsample of participants. We also examined the relationship between subject-level dependability estimates and depression severity finding that depressive symptoms may contribute to lower dependability on reward trials. However, this finding did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and should be replicated in future studies. These findings support the RewP as a useful measure of individual differences of reward processing and point to the potential utility of this measure for various forms of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Amir
- Department of Psychology, Joint Doctoral program at San Diego State University/University of California in San Diego
| | - Amanda Holbrook
- Department of Psychology, Joint Doctoral program at San Diego State University/University of California in San Diego
| | - Emily Meissel
- Department of Psychology, Joint Doctoral program at San Diego State University/University of California in San Diego
| | - William Taboas
- Department of Psychology, Joint Doctoral program at San Diego State University/University of California in San Diego
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22
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Oomen PGA, Hakkers CS, Arends JE, van der Berk GEL, Pas P, Hoepelman AIM, van Welzen BJ, du Plessis S. The Effect of Efavirenz on Reward Processing in Asymptomatic People Living with HIV: A Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023. [PMID: 36734413 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that HIV-infection affects the fronto-striatal network. It has not been examined what impact efavirenz (EFV), an antiretroviral drug notorious for its neurocognitive effects, has on the reward system: a key subcomponent involved in depressive and apathy symptoms. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of EFV on reward processing using a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, asymptomatic adult participants stable on emtricitabine/tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF)/EFV were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to switch to FTC/TDF/rilpivirine (RPV) (n = 30) or continue taking FTC/TDF/EFV (n = 13). At baseline and 12 weeks after therapy switch, both groups performed an MID task. Behavior and functional brain activity related to reward anticipation and reward outcome were assessed with blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI. Both groups were matched for age, education level, and time since HIV diagnosis and on EFV. At the behavioral level, both groups had faster response times and better response accuracy during rewarding versus nonrewarding trials, with no improvement resulting from switching FTC/TDF/EFV to FTC/TDF/RPV. No significant change in activation related to reward anticipation in the ventral striatum was found after switching therapy. Both groups had significantly higher activation levels over time, consistent with a potential learning effect. Similar activity related to reward outcome in the orbitofrontal cortex was found. Discontinuing FTC/TDF/EFV was not found to improve activity related to reward anticipation in asymptomatic people living with HIV, with similar cortical functioning during reward outcome processing. It is therefore likely that EFV does not affect motivational control. Further research is needed to determine whether EFV affects motivational control in HIV populations with different characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G A Oomen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte S Hakkers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joop E Arends
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guido E L van der Berk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Pas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andy I M Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Berend J van Welzen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,SAMRC Genomics and Brain Disorders Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Kong W, Zou L. Exploring Neural Mechanisms of Reward Processing Using Coupled Matrix Tensor Factorization: A Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Investigation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:485. [PMID: 36979295 PMCID: PMC10046863 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is crucial to understand the neural feedback mechanisms and the cognitive decision-making of the brain during the processing of rewards. Here, we report the first attempt for a simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in a gambling task by utilizing tensor decomposition. METHODS First, the single-subject EEG data are represented as a third-order spectrogram tensor to extract frequency features. Next, the EEG and fMRI data are jointly decomposed into a superposition of multiple sources characterized by space-time-frequency profiles using coupled matrix tensor factorization (CMTF). Finally, graph-structured clustering is used to select the most appropriate model according to four quantitative indices. RESULTS The results clearly show that not only are the regions of interest (ROIs) found in other literature activated, but also the olfactory cortex and fusiform gyrus which are usually ignored. It is found that regions including the orbitofrontal cortex and insula are activated for both winning and losing stimuli. Meanwhile, regions such as the superior orbital frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex are activated upon winning stimuli, whereas the inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate cortex, and medial superior frontal gyrus are activated upon losing stimuli. CONCLUSION This work sheds light on the reward-processing progress, provides a deeper understanding of brain function, and opens a new avenue in the investigation of neurovascular coupling via CMTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Liu
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wanzeng Kong
- College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence Foundation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ling Zou
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence Foundation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
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24
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Baumeister S, Moessnang C, Bast N, Hohmann S, Aggensteiner P, Kaiser A, Tillmann J, Goyard D, Charman T, Ambrosino S, Baron-Cohen S, Beckmann C, Bölte S, Bourgeron T, Rausch A, Crawley D, Dell'Acqua F, Dumas G, Durston S, Ecker C, Floris DL, Frouin V, Hayward H, Holt R, Johnson MH, Jones EJH, Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Mason L, Oakley B, Oldehinkel M, Persico AM, San José Cáceres A, Wolfers T, Loth E, Murphy DGM, Buitelaar JK, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D. Processing of social and monetary rewards in autism spectrum disorders. Br J Psychiatry 2023; 222:100-111. [PMID: 36700346 PMCID: PMC9929925 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward processing has been proposed to underpin the atypical social feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous neuroimaging studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the specificity of atypicalities for social reward processing in ASD. AIMS Utilising a large sample, we aimed to assess reward processing in response to reward type (social, monetary) and reward phase (anticipation, delivery) in ASD. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging during social and monetary reward anticipation and delivery was performed in 212 individuals with ASD (7.6-30.6 years of age) and 181 typically developing participants (7.6-30.8 years of age). RESULTS Across social and monetary reward anticipation, whole-brain analyses showed hypoactivation of the right ventral striatum in participants with ASD compared with typically developing participants. Further, region of interest analysis across both reward types yielded ASD-related hypoactivation in both the left and right ventral striatum. Across delivery of social and monetary reward, hyperactivation of the ventral striatum in individuals with ASD did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Dimensional analyses of autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scores were not significant. In categorical analyses, post hoc comparisons showed that ASD effects were most pronounced in participants with ASD without co-occurring ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support current theories linking atypical social interaction in ASD to specific alterations in social reward processing. Instead, they point towards a generalised hypoactivity of ventral striatum in ASD during anticipation of both social and monetary rewards. We suggest this indicates attenuated reward seeking in ASD independent of social content and that elevated ADHD symptoms may attenuate altered reward seeking in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Moessnang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nico Bast
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pascal Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Tillmann
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom and Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Goyard
- Neurospin Centre CEA, Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Ambrosino
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Beckmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden and School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
| | - Annika Rausch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy Crawley
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Flavio Dell'Acqua
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Durston
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dorothea L. Floris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hannah Hayward
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Rosemary Holt
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark H. Johnson
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK and Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - Emily J. H. Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada and Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Michael V. Lombardo
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK and Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Italy
| | - Luke Mason
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - Bethany Oakley
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Marianne Oldehinkel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, the Netherlands and Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio M. Persico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Program at Modena University Hospital, & Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonia San José Cáceres
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Loth
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Declan G. M. Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Csukly G, Farkas K, Fodor T, Unoka Z, Polner B. Stronger coupling of emotional instability with reward processing in borderline personality disorder is predicted by schema modes. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-10. [PMID: 36754994 PMCID: PMC10600820 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood instability and risk-taking are hallmarks of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Schema modes are combinations of self-reflective evaluations, negative emotional states, and destructive coping strategies common in BPD. When activated, they can push patients with BPD into emotional turmoil and a dissociative state of mind. Our knowledge of the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms driving these changes is incomplete. We hypothesized that in patients with BPD, affective instability is more influenced by reward expectation, outcomes, and reward prediction errors (RPEs) during risky decision-making than in healthy controls. Additionally, we expected that these alterations would be related to schema modes. METHODS Thirty-two patients with BPD and thirty-one healthy controls were recruited. We used an established behavioral paradigm to measure mood fluctuations during risky decision-making. The impact of expectations and RPEs on momentary mood was quantified by a computational model, and its parameters were estimated with hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Model parameters were compared using High-Density Intervals. RESULTS We found that model parameters capturing the influence of RPE and Certain Rewards on mood were significantly higher in patients with BPD than in controls. These model parameters correlated significantly with schema modes, but not with depression severity. CONCLUSIONS BPD is coupled with altered associations between mood fluctuation and reward processing under uncertainty. Our findings seem to be BPD-specific, as they stand in contrast with the correlates of depressive symptoms. Future studies should establish the clinical utility of these alterations, such as predicting or assessing therapeutic response in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa street 6, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Kinga Farkas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa street 6, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Tímea Fodor
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry József street, Building T, Floor 5, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Unoka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa street 6, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Bertalan Polner
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest 1064, Hungary
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26
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Strauss GP, Bartolomeo LA, Luther L. Reduced willingness to expend effort for rewards is associated with risk for conversion and negative symptom severity in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:714-721. [PMID: 34120660 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172100204x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) is typically preceded by a prodromal (i.e. pre-illness) period characterized by attenuated positive symptoms and declining functional outcome. Negative symptoms are prominent among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (i.e. those with prodromal syndromes) and predictive of conversion to illness. Mechanisms underlying negative symptoms are unclear in the CHR population. METHODS The current study evaluated whether CHR participants demonstrated deficits in the willingness to expend effort for rewards and whether these impairments are associated with negative symptoms and greater risk for conversion. Participants included 44 CHR participants and 32 healthy controls (CN) who completed the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT). RESULTS Compared to CN, CHR participants displayed reduced likelihood of exerting high effort for high probability and magnitude rewards. Among CHR participants, reduced effort expenditure was associated with greater negative symptom severity and greater probability of conversion to a psychotic disorder on a cross-sectional risk calculator. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that effort-cost computation is a marker of illness liability and a transphasic mechanism underlying negative symptoms in the SZ spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren Luther
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Waclawek T, Park SQ. Potential mechanisms and modulators of food intake during pregnancy. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1032430. [PMID: 36742431 PMCID: PMC9895105 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1032430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary choice during pregnancy is crucial not only for fetal development, but also for long-term health outcomes of both mother and child. During pregnancy, dramatic changes in endocrine, cognitive, and reward systems have been shown to take place. Interestingly, in different contexts, many of these mechanisms play a key role in guiding food intake. Here, we review how food intake may be impacted as a function of pregnancy-induced changes across species. We first summarize changes in endocrine and metabolic signaling in the course of pregnancy. Then, we show how these may be related to cognitive function and reward processing in humans. Finally, we link these to potential drivers of change in eating behavior throughout the course of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Waclawek
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Soyoung Q. Park
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam, Germany,Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Soyoung Q. Park,
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Jia X, Hao L, He L, Li P, Liu M, Zhang Y, Qiu J. Regional Gray Matter Volume Is Associated with Growth Mindset: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Neuroscience 2023; 509:96-102. [PMID: 36442746 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A growth mindset refers to an individual's beliefs about the malleable nature of intelligence. It plays an important role in motivation and achievement. However, few studies have examined the brain mechanisms involved in the growth mindset. In this study, voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the relationship between growth mindset and gray matter volume (GMV) in healthy adults' sample from 114 men and 275 women who completed the Growth Mindset Inventory and intelligence test and underwent an anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scan. Whole-brain correlation analyses showed a positive relationship between growth mindset scores and regional GMV of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) after controlling for age, sex, and total intracranial volume. This result was robust after controlling for intelligence quotient. The mOFC was primarily related to reward processing, supporting the social-cognitive theory of motivation on growth mindset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jia
- College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Hao
- College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Education Science and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglan Liu
- Beibei Teacher Training College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Department of Educational Technology, School of Wisdom Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Sailer U, Riva F, Lieberz J, Campbell-Meiklejohn D, Scheele D, Pfabigan DM. Hungry for compliments? Ghrelin is not associated with neural responses to social rewards or their pleasantness. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1104305. [PMID: 37077276 PMCID: PMC10106620 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin motivates food search and stimulates food consumption, with highest plasma concentrations before a meal and lowest shortly after. However, ghrelin also appears to affect the value of non-food rewards such as interaction with rat conspecifics, and monetary rewards in humans. The present pre-registered study investigated how nutritional state and ghrelin concentrations are related to the subjective and neural responses to social and non-social rewards. In a cross-over feed-and-fast design, 67 healthy volunteers (20 women) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a hungry state and after a meal with repeated plasma ghrelin measurements. In task 1, participants received social rewards in the form of approving expert feedback, or non-social computer reward. In task 2, participants rated the pleasantness of compliments and neutral statements. Nutritional state and ghrelin concentrations did not affect the response to social reward in task 1. In contrast, ventromedial prefrontal cortical activation to non-social rewards was reduced when the meal strongly suppressed ghrelin. In task 2, fasting increased activation in the right ventral striatum during all statements, but ghrelin concentrations were neither associated with brain activation nor with experienced pleasantness. Complementary Bayesian analyses provided moderate evidence for a lack of correlation between ghrelin concentrations and behavioral and neural responses to social rewards, but moderate evidence for an association between ghrelin and non-social rewards. This suggests that ghrelin's influence may be restricted to non-social rewards. Social rewards implemented via social recognition and affirmation may be too abstract and complex to be susceptible to ghrelin's influence. In contrast, the non-social reward was associated with the expectation of a material object that was handed out after the experiment. This may indicate that ghrelin might be involved in anticipatory rather than consummatory phases of reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Sailer
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Uta Sailer,
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jana Lieberz
- Research Section Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Scheele
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniela M. Pfabigan
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Obesity and Nutrition, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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30
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Chen Y, Dhingra I, Le TM, Zhornitsky S, Zhang S, Li CSR. Win and Loss Responses in the Monetary Incentive Delay Task Mediate the Link between Depression and Problem Drinking. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121689. [PMID: 36552149 PMCID: PMC9775947 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and alcohol misuse, frequently comorbid, are associated with altered reward processing. However, no study has examined whether and how the neural markers of reward processing are shared between depression and alcohol misuse. We studied 43 otherwise-healthy drinking adults in a monetary incentive delay task (MIDT) during fMRI. All participants were evaluated with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to assess the severity of drinking and depression. We performed whole brain regressions against each AUDIT and BDI-II score to investigate the neural correlates and evaluated the findings at a corrected threshold. We performed mediation analyses to examine the inter-relationships between win/loss responses, alcohol misuse, and depression. AUDIT and BDI-II scores were positively correlated across subjects. Alcohol misuse and depression shared win-related activations in frontoparietal regions and parahippocampal gyri (PHG), and right superior temporal gyri (STG), as well as loss-related activations in the right PHG and STG, and midline cerebellum. These regional activities (β's) completely mediated the correlations between BDI-II and AUDIT scores. The findings suggest shared neural correlates interlinking depression and problem drinking both during win and loss processing and provide evidence for co-morbid etiological processes of depressive and alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-974-7354
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31
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Yoshida J, Oñate M, Khatami L, Vera J, Nadim F, Khodakhah K. Cerebellar Contributions to the Basal Ganglia Influence Motor Coordination, Reward Processing, and Movement Vigor. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8406-8415. [PMID: 36351826 PMCID: PMC9665921 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1535-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the cerebellum and the basal ganglia are known for their roles in motor control and motivated behavior. These two systems have been classically considered as independent structures that coordinate their contributions to behavior via separate cortico-thalamic loops. However, recent evidence demonstrates the presence of a rich set of direct connections between these two regions. Although there is strong evidence for connections in both directions, for brevity we limit our discussion to the better-characterized connections from the cerebellum to the basal ganglia. We review two sets of such connections: disynaptic projections through the thalamus and direct monosynaptic projections to the midbrain dopaminergic nuclei, the VTA and the SNc. In each case, we review the evidence for these pathways from anatomic tracing and physiological recordings, and discuss their potential functional roles. We present evidence that the disynaptic pathway through the thalamus is involved in motor coordination, and that its dysfunction contributes to motor deficits, such as dystonia. We then discuss how cerebellar projections to the VTA and SNc influence dopamine release in the respective targets of these nuclei: the NAc and the dorsal striatum. We argue that the cerebellar projections to the VTA may play a role in reward-based learning and therefore contribute to addictive behavior, whereas the projection to the SNc may contribute to movement vigor. Finally, we speculate how these projections may explain many of the observations that indicate a role for the cerebellum in mental disorders, such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Yoshida
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Maritza Oñate
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Leila Khatami
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Jorge Vera
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Farzan Nadim
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
| | - Kamran Khodakhah
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Leenaerts N, Jongen D, Ceccarini J, Van Oudenhove L, Vrieze E. The neurobiological reward system and binge eating: A critical systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1421-1458. [PMID: 35841198 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in reward processing are hypothesized to play a role in the onset and maintenance of binge eating (BE). However, despite an increasing number of studies investigating the neurobiological reward system in individuals who binge eat, no comprehensive systematic review exists on this topic. Therefore, this review has the following objectives: (1) identify structural and functional changes in the brain reward system, either during rest or while performing a task; and (2) formulate directions for future research. METHODS A search was conducted of articles published until March 31, 2022. Neuroimaging studies were eligible if they wanted to study the reward system and included a group of individuals who binge eat together with a comparator group. Their results were summarized in a narrative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 58 articles were included. At rest, individuals who binge eat displayed a lower striatal dopamine release, a change in the volume of the striatum, frontal cortex, and insula, as well as a lower frontostriatal connectivity. While performing a task, there was a higher activity of the brain reward system when anticipating or receiving food, more model-free reinforcement learning, and more habitual behavior. Most studies only included one patient group, used general reward-related measures, and did not evaluate the impact of comorbidities, illness duration, race, or sex. DISCUSSION Confirming previous hypotheses, this review finds structural and functional changes in the neurobiological reward system in BE. Future studies should compare disorders, use measures that are specific to BE, and investigate the impact of confounding factors. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This systematic review finds that individuals who binge eat display structural and functional changes in the brain reward system. These changes could be related to a higher sensitivity to food, relying more on previous experiences when making decisions, and more habitual behavior. Future studies should use a task that is specific to binge eating, look across different patient groups, and investigate the impact of comorbidities, illness duration, race, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leenaerts
- Mind-body Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniëlle Jongen
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Elske Vrieze
- Mind-body Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Kaliuzhna M, Kirschner M, Tobler PN, Kaiser S. Comparing adaptive coding of reward in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:523-534. [PMID: 36111883 PMCID: PMC9842918 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in neural processing of reward have been described in both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), but it remains unclear to what extent these deficits are caused by similar mechanisms. Efficient reward processing relies on adaptive coding which allows representing large input spans by limited neuronal encoding ranges. Deficits in adaptive coding of reward have previously been observed across the SZ spectrum and correlated with total symptom severity. In the present work, we sought to establish whether adaptive coding is similarly affected in patients with BD. Twenty-five patients with BD, 27 patients with SZ and 25 healthy controls performed a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging in two reward range conditions. Adaptive coding was impaired in the posterior part of the right caudate in BD and SZ (trend level). In contrast, BD did not show impaired adaptive coding in the anterior caudate and right precentral gyrus/insula, where SZ showed deficits compared to healthy controls. BD patients show adaptive coding deficits that are similar to those observed in SZ in the right posterior caudate. Adaptive coding in BD appeared more preserved as compared to SZ participants especially in the more anterior part of the right caudate and to a lesser extent also in the right precentral gyrus. Thus, dysfunctional adaptive coding could constitute a fundamental deficit in severe mental illnesses that extends beyond the SZ spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Kaliuzhna
- Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | - Philippe N. Tobler
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of EconomicsUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsPsychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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De la Peña-Arteaga V, Fernández-Rodríguez M, Silva Moreira P, Abreu T, Portugal-Nunes C, Soriano-Mas C, Picó-Pérez M, Sousa N, Ferreira S, Morgado P. An fMRI study of cognitive regulation of reward processing in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 324:111493. [PMID: 35635931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive regulation can affect the process of decision making. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients seem to have an impairment in cognitive regulation of reward processing concerning food stimuli. This study aims to explore the impact of GAD in cognitive regulation of food-related rewards. METHODS GAD patients (n=11) and healthy controls (n=15) performed a cognitive regulation craving task with food images while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition. Between-group differences in functional connectivity were measured using dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) seeds during cognitive regulation. RESULTS During cognitive regulation, there was a significant interaction for functional connectivity between the right dlPFC and bilateral vmPFC with the thalamus. GAD patients had lower functional connectivity for cognitive regulation conditions (distance and indulge) than for the non-regulated condition in these clusters, while control participants presented the opposite pattern. GAD group presented fixed food valuation scores after cognitive regulation. CONCLUSIONS GAD participants showed inflexibility while valuating food images, that could be produced by cognitive regulation deficits underpinned by functional connectivity alterations between prefrontal regions and the thalamus. These results show cognitive inflexibility and difficulty in the modulation of cognitive responses during decision making in GAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor De la Peña-Arteaga
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marcos Fernández-Rodríguez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Silva Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.; Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tânia Abreu
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carlos Portugal-Nunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.; 2CA-Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.; 2CA-Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.; 2CA-Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.; 2CA-Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal..
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Berkovitch L, Gaillard R, Abdel-Ahad P, Smadja S, Gauthier C, Attali D, Beaucamps H, Plaze M, Pessiglione M, Vinckier F. Preserved Unconscious Processing in Schizophrenia: The Case of Motivation. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:1094-1103. [PMID: 35751516 PMCID: PMC9434445 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Motivation deficit is a hallmark of schizophrenia that has a strong impact on their daily life. An alteration of reward processing has been repeatedly highlighted in schizophrenia, but to what extent it involves a deficient amplification of reward representation through conscious processing remains unclear. Indeed, patients with schizophrenia exhibit a disruption of conscious processing, whereas unconscious processing appears to be largely preserved. STUDY DESIGN To further explore the nature of motivational deficit in schizophrenia and the implication of consciousness disruption in this symptom, we used a masking paradigm testing motivation both under conscious and unconscious conditions in patients with schizophrenia (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 32). Participants were exposed to conscious or subliminal coin pictures representing money at stake and were subsequently asked to perform an effort-task by squeezing a handgrip as hard as possible to win this reward. STUDY RESULTS We observed a preserved effect of unconscious monetary rewards on force production in both groups, without any significant difference between them. By contrast, in the conscious condition, patients with schizophrenia were less sensitive to rewards than controls. Our results confirm that unconscious incentives have effects on exerted forces in the general population, and demonstrate that patients with schizophrenia exhibit a dissociation between an impaired conscious motivation and a preserved unconscious motivation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the existence of several steps in motivational processes that can be differentially affected and might have implication for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Berkovitch
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Psychiatrie Paris 15, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, 1 rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France; tel: 0033145658867, fax: 0033145657689, e-mail:
| | - Raphaël Gaillard
- Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Abdel-Ahad
- Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Smadja
- Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Gauthier
- Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - David Attali
- Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Hadrien Beaucamps
- Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marion Plaze
- Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Pessiglione
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior (MBB) Lab, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France,Sorbonne University, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Vinckier
- Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France,Motivation, Brain and Behavior (MBB) Lab, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
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Hennefield L, Gilbert K, Whalen D, Giorio C, Quiñones Camacho LE, Kelly D, Fleuchaus E, Barch DM, Luby JL, Hajcak G. The reward positivity shows increased amplitude and decreased latency with increasing age in early childhood. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13196. [PMID: 34802176 PMCID: PMC9012693 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The reward positivity (RewP) is a widely studied measure of neural response to rewards, yet little is known about normative developmental characteristics of the RewP during early childhood. The present study utilized a pooled community sample of 309 4- to 6-year-old children who participated in the Doors guessing game to examine the latency and amplitude of the RewP. Peak detection of the gain-loss difference waveform was conducted for electrodes Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz and the mean activity in a 100 ms window centered around this peak was analyzed. There was a significant decrease in RewP latency (RewP was earlier) and increase in RewP amplitude (RewP magnitude was larger) with advancing age in this cross-sectional analysis. Further, these were independent effects, as both RewP latency and RewP amplitude were uniquely associated with children's age. Moreover, our results indicate that the RewP latency in 4- to 6-year-olds falls outside the 250-350 ms window typically used to quantify the RewP (RewP latency in our sample = 381 ms; SD = 60.15). The internal consistency for latency (.64) and amplitude (.27) of the RewP were characterized by moderate to low reliability, consistent with previous work on the reliability of difference scores. Overall, results demonstrate RewP differences in both timing and amplitude across age in early childhood, and suggest that both amplitude and latency of the RewP might function as individual difference measures of reward processing. These findings are discussed in the context of methodological considerations and the development of reward processing across early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hennefield
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kirsten Gilbert
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Diana Whalen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cristal Giorio
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Danielle Kelly
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ethan Fleuchaus
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joan L. Luby
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Zhang M, Zheng Y. Neural dynamics of effort-modulated reward processing. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14070. [PMID: 35415931 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have established that effort can either decrease reward value as a cost or increase reward value as an augmenter, which is referred to as the effort paradox. The present event-related potential study investigated the neural dynamics underlying the modulation of reward processing by effort expenditure. Thirty-two participants completed a modified monetary incentive delay task in a high-effort context and a low-effort context to earn monetary rewards while their EEG was recorded during effort anticipation, effort execution, and effort completion, respectively. Results revealed the multiphase nature of the effort-reward relationship, which unfolds over time. During effort anticipation, effort discounts reward value as reflected by a reduced contingent negative variation for high- versus low-effort trials. During effort exertion, the target-P3 reward effect was accrued by effort expenditure. Finally, effort also provides its own value following effort completion, as revealed by an enhanced stimulus-preceding negativity for high-effort relative to low-effort trials. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between effort expenditure and reward processing and are helpful to mitigate the effort paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Wang M, Ren J, Chen Y, Chen X, Wei Z, Sun J, Zhang X. Effects of retrieval-extinction training on internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:49-62. [PMID: 35316208 PMCID: PMC9109625 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet gaming disorder (IGD) leads to serious impairments in cognitive functions, and lacks of effective treatments. Cue-induced craving is a hallmark feature of this disease and is associated with addictive memory elements. Memory retrieval-extinction manipulations could interfere with addictive memories and attenuate addictive syndromes, which might be a promising intervention for IGD. The aims of this study were to explore the effect of a memory retrieval-extinction manipulation on gaming cue-induced craving and reward processing in individuals with IGD. METHODS A total of 49 individuals (mean age: 20.52 ± 1.58) with IGD underwent a memory retrieval-extinction training (RET) with a 10-min interval (R-10min-E, n = 24) or a RET with a 6-h interval (R-6h-E, n = 25) for two consecutive days. We assessed cue-induced craving pre- and post-RET, and at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups. The neural activities during reward processing were also assessed pre- and post-RET. RESULTS Compared with the R-6h-E group, gaming cravings in individuals with IGD were significantly reduced after R-10min-E training at the 3-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Moreover, neural activities in the individuals with IGD were also altered after R-10min-E training, which was corroborated by enhanced reward processing, such as faster responses (P < 0.05) and stronger frontoparietal functional connectivity to monetary reward cues, while the R-6h-E training had no effects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The two-day R-10min-E training reduced addicts' craving for Internet games, restored monetary reward processing in IGD individuals, and maintained long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China,Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China,Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jiecheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China,Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengde Wei
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China,Corresponding author. Tel.:/fax: +86-551-37 63607295. E-mail:
| | - Jingwu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Corresponding author. Tel.:/fax: +86-551-37 63607295. E-mail:
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China,Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China,Hefei Medical Research Center on Alcohol Addiction, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230017, China,Corresponding author. Tel.:/fax: +86-551-37 63607295. E-mail:
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Abstract
Predictive coding models of brain processing propose that top-down cortical signals promote efficient neural signaling by carrying predictions about incoming sensory information. These "priors" serve to constrain bottom-up signal propagation where prediction errors are carried via feedforward mechanisms. Depression, traditionally viewed as a disorder characterized by negative cognitive biases, is associated with disrupted reward prediction error encoding and signaling. Accumulating evidence also suggests that depression is characterized by impaired local and long-range prediction signaling across multiple sensory domains. This review highlights the electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence for disrupted predictive processing in depression. The discussion is framed around the manner in which disrupted generative predictions about the sensorium could lead to depressive symptomatology, including anhedonia and negative bias. In particular, the review focuses on studies of sensory deviance detection and reward processing, highlighting research evidence for both disrupted generative predictions and prediction error signaling in depression. The role of the monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems in predictive coding processes is also discussed. This review provides a novel framework for understanding depression using predictive coding principles and establishes a foundational roadmap for potential future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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40
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Kunas SL, Stuke H, Heinz A, Ströhle A, Bermpohl F. Evidence for a hijacked brain reward system but no desensitized threat system in quitting-motivated smokers: An fMRI study. Addiction 2022; 117:701-712. [PMID: 34312937 DOI: 10.1111/add.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several aspects of how quitting-motivated tobacco use disorder (TUD) subjects and never-smokers differ in terms of reward and threat processing remain unresolved. We aimed to examine aberrant reward and threat processes in TUD and the association with smoking characteristics. DESIGN A between- and within-subjects functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment with a 2 (groups) × 4 (stimulus type) factorial design. The experimental paradigm had four conditions: pictures of (1) cigarettes served as drug-related-positive cues, (2) food as alternative reward cues, (3) long-term consequences of smoking as drug-related-negative cues and (4) neutral pictures as control. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Adult participants (n = 38 TUD subjects and n = 42 never-smokers) were recruited in Berlin, Germany. MEASUREMENTS As contrasts of primary interest, the interactions of group × stimulus-type were assessed. Significance threshold correction for multiple testing was carried out with the family-wise error method. Correlation analyses were used to test the association with smoking characteristics. FINDINGS The 2 × 2 interaction of smoking status and stimulus type revealed activations in the brain reward system to drug-related-positive cues in TUD subjects (between-subjects effect: P-values ≤ 0.036). As a response to drug-related-negative cues, TUD subjects showed no reduced activation of the aversive brain network. Within the TUD group, a significant negative association was found between response of the aversive brain system to drug-related-negative cues (within-subjects effect: P-values ≤ 0.021) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (right insula r = -0.386, P = 0.024; left insula r = -0.351, P = 0.042; right ACC r = -0.359, P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Moderate smokers with tobacco use disorder appear to have altered brain reward processing of drug-related-positive (but not negative) cues compared with never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Kunas
- Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiner Stuke
- Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Paraskevopoulou M, Rooij D, Schene AH, Batalla A, Chauvin RJ, Buitelaar JK, Schellekens AFA. Effects of family history of substance use disorder on reward processing in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13137. [PMID: 35229951 PMCID: PMC9285350 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often develop early onset substance use disorder (SUD) and show poor treatment outcomes. Both disorders show similar reward‐processing alterations, but it is unclear whether these are associated with familial vulnerability to SUD. Our aim was to investigate effects of family history of SUD (FH) on reward processing in individuals with and without ADHD, without substance misuse. Behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a modified monetary incentive delay task were compared between participants with and without FH (FH positive [FH+]: n = 76 and FH negative [FH−]: n = 69; 76 with ADHD, aged 16.74 ± 3.14, 82 males), while accounting for continuous ADHD scores. The main analysis showed distinct positive association between ADHD scores and reaction times during neutral versus reward condition. ADHD scores were also positively associated with anticipatory responses of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, independent of FH. There were no main FH effects on brain activation. Yet, FH+ participants showed distinct neural alterations in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dependent on ADHD. This was driven by positive association between ADHD scores and VLPFC activation during reward outcome, only in FH+. Sensitivity analysis with stricter SUD index showed hyperactivation of anterior cingulate cortex for FH+, independent of ADHD, during reward anticipation. There were no FH or ADHD effects on activation of ventral striatum in any analysis. Findings suggest both FH and ADHD effects in circuits of reward and attention/memory during reward processing. Future studies should examine whether these relate to early substance use initiation in ADHD and explore the need for adjusted SUD prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paraskevopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Daan Rooij
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Aart H. Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Roselyne J. Chauvin
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Arnt F. A. Schellekens
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist Practitioners in Addiction Nijmegen The Netherlands
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42
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Bogdanov M, Renault H, LoParco S, Weinberg A, Otto AR. Cognitive Effort Exertion Enhances Electrophysiological Responses to Rewarding Outcomes. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4255-4270. [PMID: 35169838 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has highlighted neural mechanisms underlying cognitive effort-related discounting of anticipated rewards. However, findings on whether effort exertion alters the subjective value of obtained rewards are inconsistent. Here, we provide a more nuanced account of how cognitive effort affects subsequent reward processing in a novel task designed to assess effort-induced modulations of the Reward Positivity, an event-related potential indexing reward-related neural activity. We found that neural responses to both gains and losses were significantly elevated in trials requiring more versus less cognitive effort. Moreover, time-frequency analysis revealed that these effects were mirrored in gain-related delta, but not in loss-related theta band activity, suggesting that people ascribed more value to high-effort outcomes. In addition, we also explored whether individual differences in behavioral effort discounting rates and reward sensitivity in the absence of effort may affect the relationship between effort exertion and subsequent reward processing. Together, our findings provide evidence that cognitive effort exertion can increase the subjective value of subsequent outcomes and that this effect may primarily rely on modulations of delta band activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bogdanov
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Héléna Renault
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Sophia LoParco
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Anthony Ross Otto
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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43
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Dolan SC, Khindri R, Franko DL, Thomas JJ, Reilly EE, Eddy KT. Anhedonia in eating disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:161-175. [PMID: 34811779 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anhedonia, or loss of pleasure, is related to deficits in reward processing across a variety of psychiatric disorders. In light of research suggesting abnormal reward processing in eating disorders (EDs), the study of anhedonia in EDs may yield important insights into the role of reward in eating pathology. This meta-analysis and review aimed to provide both a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the existing literature on this topic. METHOD We conducted this research (or these meta-analyses) according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched four databases for both peer-reviewed and unpublished literature, and included studies only if a self-report or clinical interview measure of anhedonia was administered to a sample with an ED diagnosis. RESULTS We included 21 studies in the systematic review, and 10 studies in two meta-analyses that compared anhedonia between ED and control samples (n = 9 studies) and within different ED diagnoses (n = 5 studies). Meta-analyses revealed that anhedonia was significantly higher in ED groups compared to healthy controls, but there was no significant difference in anhedonia between ED diagnostic groups. A qualitative review of the literature also suggested that anhedonia may be correlated with increased ED symptom severity. DISCUSSION Findings indicated that anhedonia is elevated in EDs and may be a relevant treatment target. Future research should examine how self-reported anhedonia may correlate with components of reward processing in EDs in order to improve theoretical models as well as targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Dolan
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Ruchika Khindri
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Debra L Franko
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer J Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin E Reilly
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wieman ST, Arditte Hall KA, MacDonald HZ, Gallagher MW, Suvak MK, Rando AA, Liverant GI. Relationships Among Sleep Disturbance, Reward System Functioning, Anhedonia, and Depressive Symptoms. Behav Ther 2022; 53:105-18. [PMID: 35027152 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent models propose reward system dysfunction as a key mediator of the relationship between sleep and depression and anhedonia. This study explored interrelationships among sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, anhedonia, and reward responsiveness. Two-hundred and sixty undergraduate students completed questionnaires and a daily diary paradigm assessing sleep, reward responsiveness, depression, anhedonia, and positive affect over 1 week. Baseline sleep disturbance was associated with depressive symptoms, anhedonia, and reward responsiveness. Daily diary sleep parameters showed differential associations with anticipatory versus consummatory reward responsiveness and positive affect. Poorer sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, and longer awakening after sleep onset predicted blunted anticipatory and consummatory reward responsiveness, while increased sleep onset latency and lower sleep efficiency predicted only decreased consummatory reward responsiveness. All sleep indices, except sleep onset latency, were associated with positive affect. Findings demonstrate unique associations between disparate sleep disturbance and reward responsiveness elements, highlighting new treatment mechanisms for anhedonia and depression.
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45
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Liuzzi L, Chang KK, Zheng C, Keren H, Saha D, Nielson DM, Stringaris A. Magnetoencephalographic Correlates of Mood and Reward Dynamics in Human Adolescents. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3318-3330. [PMID: 34921602 PMCID: PMC9340400 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its omnipresence in everyday interactions and its importance for mental health, mood and its neuronal underpinnings are poorly understood. Computational models can help identify parameters affecting self-reported mood during mood induction tasks. Here, we test if computationally modeled dynamics of self-reported mood during monetary gambling can be used to identify trial-by-trial variations in neuronal activity. To this end, we shifted mood in healthy (N = 24) and depressed (N = 30) adolescents by delivering individually tailored reward prediction errors while recording magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Following a pre-registered analysis, we hypothesize that the expectation component of mood would be predictive of beta-gamma oscillatory power (25–40 Hz). We also hypothesize that trial variations in the source localized responses to reward feedback would be predicted by mood and by its reward prediction error component. Through our multilevel statistical analysis, we found confirmatory evidence that beta-gamma power is positively related to reward expectation during mood shifts, with localized sources in the posterior cingulate cortex. We also confirmed reward prediction error to be predictive of trial-level variations in the response of the paracentral lobule. To our knowledge, this is the first study to harness computational models of mood to relate mood fluctuations to variations in neural oscillations with MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Liuzzi
- Section of Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katharine K Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Charles Zheng
- Machine Learning Team, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Facility, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hanna Keren
- Section of Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dipta Saha
- Section of Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dylan M Nielson
- Section of Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Section of Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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46
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Zhu R, Xu Z, Su S, Feng C, Luo Y, Tang H, Zhang S, Wu X, Mai X, Liu C. From gratitude to injustice: Neurocomputational mechanisms of gratitude-induced injustice. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118730. [PMID: 34788663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gratitude shapes individuals' behaviours and impacts the harmony of society. Many previous studies focused on its association with prosocial behaviours. A possibility that gratitude can lead to moral violation has been overlooked until recently. Nevertheless, the neurocognitive mechanisms of gratitude-induced moral violation are still unclear. On the other hand, though neural correlates of the gratitude's formation have been examined, the neural underpinnings of gratitude-induced behaviour remain unknown. For addressing these two overlapped research gaps, we developed novel tasks to investigate how participants who had received voluntary (Gratitude group) or involuntary help (Control group) punished their benefactors' unfairness with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The Gratitude group punished their benefactors less than the Control group. The self-report and computational modelling results demonstrated a crucial role of the boosted protection tendency on behalf of benefactors in the gratitude-induced injustice. The fMRI results showed that activities in the regions associated with mentalizing (temporoparietal junction) and reward processing (ventral medial prefrontal cortex) differed between the groups and were related to the gratitude-induced injustice. They suggest that grateful individuals concern for benefactors' benefits, value chances to interact with benefactors, and refrain from action that perturbs relationship-building (i.e., exert less punishment on benefactors' unfairness), which reveal a dark side of gratitude and enrich the gratitude theory (i.e., the find-bind-remind theory). Our findings provide psychological, computational, and neural accounts of the gratitude-induced behaviour and further the understanding of the nature of gratitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruida Zhu
- Business School, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Song Su
- Business School, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Chunliang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, USA
| | - Honghong Tang
- Business School, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Mai
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
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Baker E, Veytsman E, Choy T, Blacher J, Stavropoulos KKM. Investigating Changes in Reward-Related Neural Correlates After PEERS Intervention in Adolescents With ASD: Preliminary Evidence of a "Precision Medicine" Approach. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:742280. [PMID: 34803765 PMCID: PMC8595219 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.742280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Social Motivation Hypothesis proposes that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience social interactions as less rewarding than their neurotypical (TD) peers, which may lead to reduced social initiation. Existing studies of the brain's reward system in individuals with ASD report varied findings for anticipation of and response to social rewards. Given discrepant findings, the anticipation of and response to social rewards should be further evaluated, particularly in the context of intervention outcome. We hypothesized that individual characteristics may help predict neural changes from pre- to post-intervention. Methods: Thirteen adolescents with ASD received the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) intervention for 16 weeks; reward-related EEG was collected before and after intervention. Fourteen TD adolescents were tested at two timepoints but did not receive intervention. Event-related potentials were calculated to measure anticipation of (stimulus-preceding negativity; SPN) and response to (reward-related positivity; RewP) social and non-social rewards. Additionally, measures of social responsiveness, social skills, and intervention-engagement were collected. Group differences were analyzed as well as individual differences using prediction models. Result: Parent-reported social responsiveness and social skills improved in adolescents with ASD after participation in PEERS. ASD adolescents displayed marginally decreased anticipation of social rewards at post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. Regression models demonstrated that older adolescents and those with lower parent-reported social motivation prior to participation in PEERS displayed marginally increased social reward anticipation (more robust SPN) from pre- to post-intervention. Participants who displayed more parent-reported social motivation before intervention and were more actively engaged in the PEERS intervention evidenced increased social reward processing (more robust RewP) from pre- to post-intervention. Conclusion: Findings suggest that there may be differences in saliency between wanting/anticipating social rewards vs. liking/responding to social rewards in individuals with ASD. Our findings support the hypothesis that identification of individual differences may predict which adolescents are poised to benefit the most from particular interventions. As such, reported findings set the stage for the advancement of "precision medicine." This investigation is a critical step forward in our ability to understand and predict individual response to interventions in individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Baker
- School of Education, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Cabeza L, Ramadan B, Cramoisy S, Houdayer C, Haffen E, Risold PY, Fellmann D, Peterschmitt Y. Chronic Distress in Male Mice Impairs Motivation Compromising Both Effort and Reward Processing With Altered Anterior Insular Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala Neural Activation. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:717701. [PMID: 34588963 PMCID: PMC8475760 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.717701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and mammals, effort-based decision-making for monetary or food rewards paradigms contributes to the study of adaptive goal-directed behaviours acquired through reinforcement learning. Chronic distress modelled by repeated exposure to glucocorticoids in rodents induces suboptimal decision-making under uncertainty by impinging on instrumental acquisition and prompting negative valence behaviours. In order to further disentangle the motivational tenets of adaptive decision-making, this study addressed the consequences of enduring distress on relevant effort and reward-processing dimensions. Experimentally, appetitive and consummatory components of motivation were evaluated in adult C57BL/6JRj male mice experiencing chronic distress induced by oral corticosterone (CORT), using multiple complementary discrete behavioural tests. Behavioural data (from novelty suppressed feeding, operant effort-based choice, free feeding, and sucrose preference tasks) collectively show that behavioural initiation, effort allocation, and hedonic appreciation and valuation are altered in mice exposed to several weeks of oral CORT treatment. Additionally, data analysis from FosB immunohistochemical processing of postmortem brain samples highlights CORT-dependent dampening of neural activation in the anterior insular cortex (aIC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA), key telencephalic brain regions involved in appetitive and consummatory motivational processing. Combined, these results suggest that chronic distress-induced irregular aIC and BLA neural activations with reduced effort production and attenuated reward value processing during reinforcement-based instrumental learning could result in maladaptive decision-making under uncertainty. The current study further illustrates how effort and reward processing contribute to adjust the motivational threshold triggering goal-directed behaviours in versatile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Cabeza
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Bahrie Ramadan
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Stephanie Cramoisy
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Houdayer
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Clinical Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire CHRU, Besançon, France.,CIC-INSERM-1431, Hôpital Universitaire CHRU, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Risold
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Dominique Fellmann
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Yvan Peterschmitt
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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van Langen MJM, van Hulst BM, Douma M, Steffers M, van de Wiel NMH, van den Ban E, Durston S, de Zeeuw P. Which Child Will Benefit From a Behavioral Intervention for ADHD? A Pilot Study to Predict Intervention Efficacy From Individual Reward Sensitivity. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1754-1764. [PMID: 32525437 PMCID: PMC8404726 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720928136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This article aims to assess whether individual differences in reward sensitivity can be used to predict which children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) will benefit most from behavioral interventions that include reinforcement. Methods: A 12-week behavioral intervention was offered to 21 children with ADHD and their parents. Reward sensitivity was assessed prior to the intervention using a combination of psychological and physiological measures. ADHD symptoms were assessed pre- and posttreatment using the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD and Normal behavior (SWAN) rating scale. Results: Lower scores on one of the questionnaire scales were associated with greater pre/posttreatment differences in ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: We found that pre/posttreatment change was associated with one measure of parent-rated reward sensitivity. Children with low impulsive negative behavior toward gaining reward improved most during treatment. This result suggests that aspects of reward-related behaviors in ADHD may be useful to predict the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrte J. M. van Langen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands,Myrte J. M. van Langen, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, HP A01.126 (B01.111), 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Miriam Douma
- University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick de Zeeuw
- University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands,Pro Persona Mental Health, Ede, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Objective: Individuals with ADHD have deficits in reward processing and related cognitive tasks such as delay discounting and risky decision-making. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are two distinct cortical areas that are involved in reward processing. Methods: Twenty children with ADHD received transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in three separate sessions with one of three montages each, including anodal/cathodal tDCS over the left dlPFC and right vmPFC respectively, the reversed montage, and a sham stimulation condition. During stimulation, in each session, participants performed the balloon analogue risk taking and chocolate delay discounting tasks. Results: A significant effect of stimulation condition on emotional processing was observed. Specifically, anodal tDCS over the right vmPFC, coupled with cathodal tDCS over the left dlPFC, reduced risky decision-making and delay discounting. Conclusion: These results imply that the left dlPFC and right vmPFC are involved in reward processing in children with ADHD. This finding is discussed in the light of the delay aversion theory of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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