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Aaronson ST, van der Vaart A, Sackeim HA. Treating Bipolar Depression Using Psilocybin-Validity Threats Regarding Efficacy and Safety-Reply. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2817595. [PMID: 38598225 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Aaronson
- Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Harold A Sackeim
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Ma Y, Kochunov P, Kvarta MD, LeGates T, Adhikari BM, Chiappelli J, van der Vaart A, Goldwaser EL, Bruce H, Hatch KS, Gao S, Chen S, Summerfelt A, Nichols TE, Hong LE. Reciprocal relationships between stress and depressive symptoms: the essential role of the nucleus accumbens. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1045-1056. [PMID: 37750294 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress and depression have a reciprocal relationship, but the neural underpinnings of this reciprocity are unclear. We investigated neuroimaging phenotypes that facilitate the reciprocity between stress and depressive symptoms. METHODS In total, 22 195 participants (52.0% females) from the population-based UK Biobank study completed two visits (initial visit: 2006-2010, age = 55.0 ± 7.5 [40-70] years; second visit: 2014-2019; age = 62.7 ± 7.5 [44-80] years). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between self-report stressful life events (SLEs) and depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional data were used to examine the overlap between neuroimaging correlates of SLEs and depressive symptoms on the second visit among 138 multimodal imaging phenotypes. RESULTS Longitudinal data were consistent with significant bidirectional causal relationship between SLEs and depressive symptoms. In cross-sectional analyses, SLEs were significantly associated with lower bilateral nucleus accumbal volume and lower fractional anisotropy of the forceps major. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with extensive white matter hyperintensities, thinner cortex, lower subcortical volume, and white matter microstructural deficits, mainly in corticostriatal-limbic structures. Lower bilateral nucleus accumbal volume were the only imaging phenotypes with overlapping effects of depressive symptoms and SLEs (B = -0.032 to -0.023, p = 0.006-0.034). Depressive symptoms and SLEs significantly partially mediated the effects of each other on left and right nucleus accumbens volume (proportion of effects mediated = 12.7-14.3%, p < 0.001-p = 0.008). For the left nucleus accumbens, post-hoc seed-based analysis showed lower resting-state functional connectivity with the left orbitofrontal cortex (cluster size = 83 voxels, p = 5.4 × 10-5) in participants with high v. no SLEs. CONCLUSIONS The nucleus accumbens may play a key role in the reciprocity between stress and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tara LeGates
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew van der Vaart
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn S Hatch
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Summerfelt
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Department of Statistics, Big Data Science Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Du X, Choa FS, Chiappelli J, Bruce H, Kvarta M, Summerfelt A, Ma Y, Regenold WT, Walton K, Wittenberg GF, Hare S, Gao S, van der Vaart A, Zhao Z, Chen S, Kochunov P, Hong LE. Combining neuroimaging and brain stimulation to test alternative causal pathways for nicotine addiction in schizophrenia. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:324-332. [PMID: 38453003 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The smoking rate is high in patients with schizophrenia. Brain stimulation targeting conventional brain circuits associated with nicotine addiction has also yielded mixed results. We aimed to identify alternative circuitries associated with nicotine addiction in both the general population and schizophrenia, and then test whether modulation of such circuitries may alter nicotine addiction behaviors in schizophrenia. In Study I of 40 schizophrenia smokers and 51 non-psychiatric smokers, cross-sectional neuroimaging analysis identified resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and multiple extended amygdala regions to be most robustly associated with nicotine addiction severity in healthy controls and schizophrenia patients (p = 0.006 to 0.07). In Study II with another 30 patient smokers, a proof-of-concept, patient- and rater-blind, randomized, sham-controlled rTMS design was used to test whether targeting the newly identified dmPFC location may causally enhance the rsFC and reduce nicotine addiction in schizophrenia. Although significant interactions were not observed, exploratory analyses showed that this dmPFC-extended amygdala rsFC was enhanced by 4-week active 10Hz rTMS (p = 0.05) compared to baseline; the severity of nicotine addiction showed trends of reduction after 3 and 4 weeks (p ≤ 0.05) of active rTMS compared to sham; Increased rsFC by active rTMS predicted reduction of cigarettes/day (R = -0.56, p = 0.025 uncorrected) and morning smoking severity (R = -0.59, p = 0.016 uncorrected). These results suggest that the dmPFC-extended amygdala circuit may be linked to nicotine addiction in schizophrenia and healthy individuals, and future efforts targeting its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may yield more effective treatment for nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Du
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Fow-Sen Choa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Summerfelt
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yizhou Ma
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William T Regenold
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Walton
- Clinical Research Grants Branch, Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George F Wittenberg
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA RR&D Center of Excellence, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Rehabilitation Neural Engineering Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Hare
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew van der Vaart
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Ma Y, Chiappelli J, Kvarta MD, Bruce H, van der Vaart A, Goldwaser EL, Du X, Sampath H, Lightner S, Endres J, Yusuf A, Yuen A, Narvaez S, Campos-Saravia D, Kochunov P, Hong LE. Effects of independent versus dependent stressful life events on major symptom domains of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2023; 9:84. [PMID: 38065979 PMCID: PMC10709301 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated two models to link stressful life events (SLEs) with the psychopathology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). We separated SLEs into independent (iSLEs, unlikely influenced by one's behavior) and dependent (dSLEs, likely influenced by one's behavior). Stress-diathesis and stress generation models were evaluated for the relationship between total, i- and d- SLEs and the severity of positive, negative, and depressive symptoms in participants with SSD. Participants with SSD (n = 286; 196 males; age = 37.5 ± 13.5 years) and community controls (n = 121; 83 males; 35.4 ± 13.9 years) completed self-report of lifetime negative total, i- and d- SLEs. Participants with SSD reported a significantly higher number of total SLEs compared to controls (B = 1.11, p = 6.4 × 10-6). Positive symptom severity was positively associated with the total number of SLEs (β = 0.20, p = 0.001). iSLEs (β = 0.11, p = 0.09) and dSLEs (β = 0.21, p = 0.0006) showed similar association with positive symptoms (p = 0.16) suggesting stress-diathesis effects. Negative symptom severity was negatively associated with the number of SLEs (β = -0.19, p = 0.003) and dSLEs (β = -0.20, p = 0.001) but not iSLEs (β = -0.04, p = 0.52), suggesting stress generation effects. Depressive symptom severity was positively associated with SLEs (β = 0.34, p = 1.0 × 10-8), and the association was not statistically stronger for dSLEs (β = 0.33, p = 2.7 × 10-8) than iSLEs (β = 0.21, p = 0.0006), p = 0.085, suggesting stress-diathesis effects. The SLE - symptom relationships in SSD may be attributed to stress generation or stress-diathesis, depending on symptom domain. Findings call for a domain-specific approach to clinical intervention for SLEs in SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew van der Vaart
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hemalatha Sampath
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Lightner
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jane Endres
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akram Yusuf
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexa Yuen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Narvaez
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danny Campos-Saravia
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Aaronson ST, van der Vaart A, Miller T, LaPratt J, Swartz K, Shoultz A, Lauterbach M, Sackeim HA, Suppes T. Single-Dose Synthetic Psilocybin With Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Type II Major Depressive Episodes: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2023:2812443. [PMID: 38055270 PMCID: PMC10701666 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Importance Bipolar II disorder (BDII) is a debilitating condition frequently associated with difficult-to-treat depressive episodes. Psilocybin has evidence for rapid-acting antidepressant effects but has not been investigated in bipolar depression. Objective To establish the safety and efficacy of psilocybin in patients with BDII in a current depressive episode. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a 12-week, open-label nonrandomized controlled trial conducted at Sheppard Pratt Hospital. Participants aged 18 to 65 years with BDII, a current depressive episode longer than 3 months, and documented insufficient benefit with at least 2 pharmacologic treatments during the current episode were invited to participate. Of 70 approached, 19 met inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The trial was conducted between April 14, 2021, and January 5, 2023. Interventions A single dose of synthetic psilocybin, 25 mg, was administered. Psychotropic medications were discontinued at least 2 weeks prior to dosing. Therapists met with patients for 3 sessions during pretreatment, during the 8-hour dosing day, and for 3 integration sessions posttreatment. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating scale (MADRS) at 3 weeks posttreatment. Secondary measures included MADRS scores 12 weeks posttreatment, the self-rated Quick Inventory of Depression Symptoms-Self Rating (QIDS-SR), and the self-rated Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF), each completed at baseline and all subsequent visits. Safety measures included the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) completed at each visit. Results Of the 15 participants in this study (6 male and 9 female; mean [SD] age, 37.8 [11.6] years), all had lower scores at week 3, with a mean (SD) change of -24.00 (9.23) points on the MADRS, (Cohen d = 4.08; 95% CI, -29.11 to -18.89; P < .001). Repeat measures analysis of variance showed lower MADRS scores at all tested posttreatment time points, including the end point (Cohen d = 3.39; 95% CI, -33.19 to -16.95; adjusted P < .001). At week 3, 12 participants met the response criterion (50% decrease in MADRS), and 11 met remission criterion (MADRS score ≤10). At the study end point, 12 patients met both response and remission criteria. QIDS-SR scores and Q-LES-Q-SF scores demonstrated similar improvements. YMRS and CSSRS scores did not change significantly at posttreatment compared to baseline. Conclusions and Relevance The findings in this open-label nonrandomized controlled trial suggest efficacy and safety of psilocybin with psychotherapy in BDII depression and supports further study of psychedelics in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Aaronson
- Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Treatment, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | | | - Tammy Miller
- Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Treatment, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey LaPratt
- Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Treatment, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kimberly Swartz
- Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Treatment, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Audrey Shoultz
- Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Treatment, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Margo Lauterbach
- Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Treatment, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Harold A. Sackeim
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York
| | - Trisha Suppes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Ma Y, Kvarta MD, Adhikari BM, Chiappelli J, Du X, van der Vaart A, Goldwaser EL, Bruce H, Hatch KS, Gao S, Summerfelt A, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Nichols TE, Hong LE, Kochunov P. Association between brain similarity to severe mental illnesses and comorbid cerebral, physical, and cognitive impairments. Neuroimage 2023; 265:119786. [PMID: 36470375 PMCID: PMC9910181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMIs) are often associated with compromised brain health, physical comorbidities, and cognitive deficits, but it is incompletely understood whether these comorbidities are intrinsic to SMI pathophysiology or secondary to having SMIs. We tested the hypothesis that cerebral, cardiometabolic, and cognitive impairments commonly observed in SMIs can be observed in non-psychiatric individuals with SMI-like brain patterns of deviation as seen on magnetic resonance imaging. 22,883 participants free of common neuropsychiatric conditions from the UK Biobank (age = 63.4 ± 7.5 years, range = 45-82 years, 50.9% female) were split into discovery and replication samples. The regional vulnerability index (RVI) was used to quantify each participant's respective brain similarity to meta-analytical patterns of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder in gray matter thickness, subcortical gray matter volume, and white matter integrity. Cluster analysis revealed five clusters with distinct RVI profiles. Compared with a cluster with no RVI elevation, a cluster with RVI elevation across all SMIs and brain structures showed significantly higher volume of white matter hyperintensities (Cohen's d = 0.59, pFDR < 10-16), poorer cardiovascular (Cohen's d = 0.30, pFDR < 10-16) and metabolic (Cohen's d = 0.12, pFDR = 1.3 × 10-4) health, and slower speed of information processing (|Cohen's d| = 0.11-0.17, pFDR = 1.6 × 10-3-4.6 × 10-8). This cluster also had significantly higher level of C-reactive protein and alcohol use (Cohen's d = 0.11 and 0.28, pFDR = 4.1 × 10-3 and 1.1 × 10-11). Three other clusters with respective RVI elevation in gray matter thickness, subcortical gray matter volume, and white matter integrity showed intermediate level of white matter hyperintensities, cardiometabolic health, and alcohol use. Our results suggest that cerebral, physical, and cognitive impairments in SMIs may be partly intrinsic via shared pathophysiological pathways with SMI-related brain anatomical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew van der Vaart
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn S Hatch
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Summerfelt
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Big Data Science Institute, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Chen J, Brunzell DH, Jackson K, van der Vaart A, Ma JZ, Payne TJ, Sherva R, Farrer LA, Gejman P, Levinson DF, Holmans P, Aggen SH, Damaj I, Kuo PH, Webb BT, Anton R, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Li MD, Kendler KS, Chen X. ACSL6 is associated with the number of cigarettes smoked and its expression is altered by chronic nicotine exposure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28790. [PMID: 22205969 PMCID: PMC3243669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia tend to be heavy smokers and are at high risk for tobacco dependence. However, the nature of the comorbidity is not entirely clear. We previously reported evidence for association of schizophrenia with SNPs and SNP haplotypes in a region of chromosome 5q containing the SPEC2, PDZ-GEF2 and ACSL6 genes. In this current study, analysis of the control subjects of the Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia (MGS) sample showed similar pattern of association with number of cigarettes smoked per day (numCIG) for the same region. To further test if this locus is associated with tobacco smoking as measured by numCIG and FTND, we conducted replication and meta-analysis in 12 independent samples (n>16,000) for two markers in ACSL6 reported in our previous schizophrenia study. In the meta-analysis of the replication samples, we found that rs667437 and rs477084 were significantly associated with numCIG (p = 0.00038 and 0.00136 respectively) but not with FTND scores. We then used in vitro and in vivo techniques to test if nicotine exposure influences the expression of ACSL6 in brain. Primary cortical culture studies showed that chronic (5-day) exposure to nicotine stimulated ACSL6 mRNA expression. Fourteen days of nicotine administration via osmotic mini pump also increased ACSL6 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice. These increases were suppressed by injection of the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine, suggesting that elevated expression of ACSL6 requires nicotinic receptor activation. These findings suggest that variations in the ACSL6 gene may contribute to the quantity of cigarettes smoked. The independent associations of this locus with schizophrenia and with numCIG in non-schizophrenic subjects suggest that this locus may be a common liability to both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Darlene H. Brunzell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kia Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Andrew van der Vaart
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pablo Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Douglas F. Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Holmans
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Resource Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Steven H. Aggen
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Raymond Anton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Treatment Research Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine 3900 and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ming D. Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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