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Gray AM, Growney CM, English T. Perceived responses, capitalization, and daily gratitude: Do age and closeness matter? Emotion 2024; 24:867-877. [PMID: 37843513 PMCID: PMC11009090 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Successful capitalization and feelings of gratitude are both dependent upon perceived responsiveness of a social partner, but they are understudied in combination and have yet to be studied jointly in a daily context. Taking a new approach to studying capitalization, the current study examines the effect of daily capitalization on momentary gratitude and investigates the role of the capitalizer's typical perceived responses to capitalization attempts (PRCA) on daily gratitude and future capitalization attempts. Age and social closeness are studied as amplifiers, as older adults prioritize positive emotional experiences and it is more common to capitalize with closer others for whom the capitalizer's good news is salient and who are thus motivated to provide support to the capitalizer. Participants (N = 290) aged 25-85 years completed a trait-level survey followed by ecological momentary assessment surveys (six per day) for 10 days. Results demonstrate that people experienced higher daily gratitude when capitalizing, especially when interacting with a social partner rated as high in closeness. Those who had higher trait active-constructive PRCA also experienced higher daily gratitude, with this effect strengthened among older adults. Perceived responses were also associated with more attempts to capitalize in daily life. This work suggests engaging in capitalization and perceiving regular enthusiastic and supportive responses to one's capitalization attempts have daily emotional and behavioral benefits. Notably, regular enthusiastic responses to capitalization attempts may be a motivator for future attempts across adulthood, but it may be particularly likely to foster feelings of gratitude in old age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tammy English
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
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Bai C, Bai B, Zhang H, Kong F, Wang S. How does gratitude relate to nurses' job satisfaction? The mediating role of resilience and stress. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2024; 21:120-127. [PMID: 38374516 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurse job satisfaction is a critical area of study with far-reaching implications for healthcare organizations, patient care, and the retention of nursing staff. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the association of gratitude with job satisfaction among Chinese nurses and examine the potential mediating roles of resilience and stress in this relationship. METHODS Two separate studies were conducted to examine our research hypotheses. In Study 1, a total of 460 nurses completed the questionnaire related to gratitude, resilience, stress, and job satisfaction. A validation study was conducted in Study 2, which consisted of 709 nurses who also completed the same measures of gratitude, resilience, and stress to ensure the repeatability of the Study 1 results. Furthermore, a different scale was used to measure nurses' job satisfaction. RESULTS The two studies consistently found that both resilience and stress mediated gratitude-job satisfaction independently among Chinese nurses. Furthermore, resilience was found to be a significantly stronger mediator than stress in the association of gratitude with job satisfaction. Finally, we found that gratitude predicted nurses' job satisfaction via the serial mediating effects of resilience and stress. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the complex interplay between gratitude, resilience, stress, and job satisfaction by demonstrating that resilience and stress act as parallel and sequential mediators between nurses' gratitude and job satisfaction. The healthcare sector can improve nurses' job satisfaction by increasing gratitude, building resilience, and reducing feelings of stress. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Nurse managers have the potential to enhance job satisfaction among nurses by implementing measures that increase gratitude, build resilience, and reduce stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Bai
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoyu Bai
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Outpatient Operating Room, Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhu N, Ye Y, Li C, Wang R, Kong F. Childhood Maltreatment and Gratitude: A Multilevel, Meta-Analytic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2024; 25:1496-1510. [PMID: 37439187 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231185305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, research on the association between childhood maltreatment (CM) and gratitude has been accumulating, but there is a lack of systematic, quantitative evaluation of existing literature. The present systematic review aims to fill this gap by conducting a three-level meta-analysis. After a comprehensive search in five English and three Chinese databases, we retrieved 33 effect sizes from 16 studies with a total sample of 13,818 participants. The results showed that CM (aggregated across forms) was negatively and moderately linked to gratitude (r = -.311, 95% CI [-0.382, -0.235], p < .001). Childhood neglect (i.e., physical and emotional neglect) exhibited more substantial effects on gratitude than emotional abuse, while the effects of childhood physical and sexual abuse were insignificant. In addition, the mean effect sizes were larger in studies with younger samples. However, the effect did not vary as functions of CM measurement, methodological rigor, whether the sample included college students only, publication type, or region of the sample. Last, we highlighted the limitations of existing research, proposed agendas for future studies, and discussed practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Ye
- Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | - Feng Kong
- Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Sheng W, Fang S. Impact of Moral Elevation on College Students' Sense of Meaning of Life: The Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Perceived Social Support. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1103-1114. [PMID: 38505348 PMCID: PMC10949382 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s441272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study examined the association between moral elevation and college students' sense of meaning of life, along with the potential mediating effects of gratitude and perceived social support on this relationship. Methods Using the convenience sampling method, the Moral Elevation Scale, the Sense of Meaning of Life Questionnaire, the Gratitude Questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used to conduct questionnaire surveys on 1088 college students (Mage=19.59 years, SD=1.46). SPSS25.0 data statistics software was used to analyze the data, and the PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to conduct the mediation effect test. Results (1) Moral elevation was significantly and positively associated with college students' sense of meaning of life (β = 0.43,p < 0.001). (2) Both gratitude and perceived social support partially mediated the relation between moral elevation and sense of meaning of life. The indirect effect of moral elevation on sense of meaning of life via gratitude was 0.11 (95% CI = [0.0709, 0.1453]), and the mediating effect accounted for 52.71%. The indirect effect of moral elevation on sense of meaning of life via perceived social support was 0.06 (95% CI = [0.0385, 0.0863]), and the mediating effect accounted for 29.41%. (3) Gratitude and perceived social support sequentially mediated the association between moral elevation and sense of meaning of life, the indirect effect through gratitude and perceived social support was 0.04 (95% CI = [0.0237, 0.0512]) and accounted for 17.88%. Conclusion This study revealed the chain mediating roles of gratitude and perceived social support in the relation between moral elevation and sense of meaning of life for Chinese college students, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for the formation of a positive sense of meaning of life and the cultivation of moral elevation among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sheng
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Fang
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
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Barton AW, Gong Q, Guttman S, Doss BD. Trajectories of Perceived Gratitude and Change Following Relationship Interventions: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Lower-Income, Help-Seeking Couples. Behav Ther 2024; 55:401-411. [PMID: 38418049 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The current study was designed to advance basic and applied research on perceived gratitude from one's partner in established couple relationships. From a three-arm randomized controlled trial involving 615 lower-income, help-seeking couples (N = 1,224 individuals), study analyses examined (a) the trajectory of perceived gratitude from one's partner among couples assigned to the wait-list condition (i.e., absent of any intervention), and (b) changes in perceived gratitude for individuals assigned to either the OurRelationship (OR) or ePREP relationship intervention condition. With respect to the first aim, levels of perceived gratitude among wait-listed couples demonstrated no significant mean increase over the 6-month period; this rate of change was significantly different from rates of change observed in other relationship constructs (e.g., satisfaction, communication, support) during the wait-list period. Being married, female, and having more children were all associated with lower initial levels of perceived gratitude. For the second aim, individuals assigned to either the OR or ePREP treatment condition demonstrated significant improvements in levels of perceived partner gratitude compared to wait-listed couples. The magnitude of program effect sizes for gratitude (d = 0.33), however, was 3%-48% smaller compared to the magnitude of program effects of other relationship constructs (0.34 < d < 0.64). Results indicated that perceived gratitude is a distinct component of couple relationships, generally lower in more established relationships, and can be improved by participating in OR or ePREP relationship interventions. Implications for research and practice related to gratitude in couple relationships are discussed.
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Abstract
Helping acts, however well intended and beneficial, sometimes involve immoral means or immoral helpers. Here, we explore whether help recipients consider moral evaluations in their appraisals of gratitude, a possibility that has been neglected by existing accounts of gratitude. Participants felt less grateful and more uneasy when offered immoral help (Study 1, N = 150), and when offered morally neutral help by an immoral helper (Study 2, N = 172). In response to immoral help or helpers, participants were less likely to accept the help and less willing to strengthen their relationship with the helper even when they accepted it. Study 3 (N = 276) showed that recipients who felt grateful when offered immoral help were perceived as less likable, less moral, and less suitable as close relationship partners than those who felt uneasy by observers. Our results demonstrate that gratitude is morally sensitive and suggest this might be socially adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yu
- University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Yubo Zhou
- University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Nussberger
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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El Keshky MES, Sarour EO. The relationships between work-family conflict and life satisfaction and happiness among nurses: a moderated mediation model of gratitude and self-compassion. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1340074. [PMID: 38450130 PMCID: PMC10914949 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1340074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers and practitioners are concerned with the impact of work-family conflict on the well-being of workers, including those in the health care sector, and previous research suggested that nurses were experiencing a range of negative outcomes. Aim To investigate the potentially mediating role of self-compassion and moderating role of gratitude in the relationships between work-family conflict and both life satisfaction and happiness among Saudi nurses. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 368 nurses (men age = 35.18, SD = 6.67, 70.65% of females). Nurses were recruited via social media using convenience sampling techniques. They completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Work-Family Conflict Scale, as well as a set of demographic questions. The data were analyzed using PROCESS MACRO model 4 and 8, and the reporting followed STROBE checklist. Results As expected, the study found a negative relationship between work-family conflict and both life satisfaction and happiness. These relationships were mediated by self-compassion. For the relationships between work-family conflict and life satisfaction and happiness, and between family-work conflict and happiness, this mediation was moderated by gratitude. Conclusion This study built on positive psychology and demonstrated that the positive personality traits of self-compassion and gratitude can engender enhanced life satisfaction and happiness among Saudi nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogeda El Sayed El Keshky
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas ObaidAllah Sarour
- Human Sciences and Design, Family Sciences Dept., King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Imai T, Sakura M. Roles of expressed gratitude and apologies in predicting reciprocal responsiveness. J Gen Psychol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38369777 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2317248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Research has indicated the critical role of responsiveness in facilitating close relationships, but what communication leads to enhanced responsiveness has not been fully explored. We hypothesized that gratitude and apologies facilitate responsiveness within friendship relationships in Japan. In Experiment 1 (n = 669), receiving gratitude, apologies, or both gratitude and apologies increased recipients' perceptions of the expresser's responsiveness more than receiving a message without either gratitude or apologies. In Experiment 2 (n = 139), the participants who received gratitude as well as receiving both gratitude and apologies (but not just apologies) wrote more responsive messages back to the expresser than those who received a message without either gratitude or apologies. Gratitude and apologies played unique roles in promoting responsiveness within friendship relationships.
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Peterson NE, Thomas M, Hunsaker S, Stewart T, Collett CJ. mHealth Gratitude Exercise Mindfulness App for Resiliency Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Staff: Three-Arm Pretest-Posttest Interventional Study. JMIR Nurs 2024; 7:e54561. [PMID: 38363595 PMCID: PMC10907946 DOI: 10.2196/54561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care is highly complex and can be both emotionally and physically challenging. This can lead health care workers to develop compassion fatigue and burnout (BO), which can negatively affect their well-being and patient care. Higher levels of resilience can potentially prevent compassion fatigue and BO. Strategies that enhance resilience include gratitude, exercise, and mindfulness. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if a 3-week daily resiliency practice, prompted via a gratitude, exercise, and mindfulness smartphone app, impacted the professional quality of life, physical activity, and happiness level of health care workers in a newborn intensive care unit setting. METHODS In total, 65 participants from a level III newborn intensive care unit at a regional hospital in the western United States completed this study. The Professional Quality of Life Scale, Physical Activity Vital Sign, and Subjective Happiness Score instruments were used to evaluate the effects of the mobile health (mHealth) intervention. Further, 2-tailed dependent paired t tests were used to evaluate participant pre- and postintervention instrument scores. Multiple imputation was used to predict scores of participants who practiced an intervention but did not complete the 3 instruments post intervention. RESULTS Dependent t tests using the original data showed that participants, as a whole, significantly improved in BO (t35=2.30, P=.03), secondary trauma stress (STS; t35=2.11, P=.04), and happiness (t35=-3.72, P<.001) scores. Compassion satisfaction (CS; t35=-1.94, P=.06) and exercise (t35=-1.71, P=.10) were trending toward, but did not reach, significance. Using the original data, only the gratitude intervention group experienced significant improvements (CS, BO, and happiness), likely due to the higher number of participants in this group. Analysis using imputed data showed that participants, as a whole, had significant improvements in all areas: CS (t64=-4.08, P<.001), BO (t64=3.39, P=.001), STS (t64=4.08, P<.001), exercise (t64=-3.19, P=.002), and happiness (t64=-3.99, P<.001). Looking at the intervention groups separately using imputed data, the gratitude group had significant improvements in CS, BO, STS, and happiness; the exercise group had significant improvements in STS and exercise; and the mindfulness group had significant improvements in CS and happiness. CONCLUSIONS Phone app delivery of resilience-enhancing interventions is a potentially effective intervention model for health care workers. Potential barriers to mHealth strategies are the technical issues that can occur with this type of intervention. Additional longitudinal and experimental studies with larger sample sizes need to be completed to better evaluate this modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E Peterson
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Michael Thomas
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Stacie Hunsaker
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | | | - Claire J Collett
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Hahn N, Brzoska P, Kiessling C. On the correlation between gratitude and resilience in medical students. GMS J Med Educ 2024; 41:Doc8. [PMID: 38504862 PMCID: PMC10946207 DOI: 10.3205/zma001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective Medical students' health and resilience have increasingly been the subject of current research in recent years. A variety of interventions are recommended to strengthen resilience or its known or suspected influencing factors, although the literature shows that the evidence on the effectiveness of the interventions is inconsistent. The present study investigated whether gratitude is a direct protective factor for resilience in medical students or whether resilience factors (optimism, self-efficacy, social support) and stress mediate the effects of gratitude on resilience. Methods 90 medical students at Witten/Herdecke University took part in the study that determined their gratitude, resilience, optimism, self-efficacy, social support and stress levels using validated questionnaires (GQ-6, RS-25, LOT-R, SWE, F-SozU, PSS). Correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. In addition, a multivariate regression analysis and a path analysis were calculated to determine the direct and indirect effects of gratitude on resilience. Results Multivariate regression analysis showed that only optimism, social support and stress were significantly associated with resilience (B=0.48, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.66; B=0.23, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.44 and B=-0.02, 95% CI: -0.03, -0.001, respectively). The direct effect of gratitude on resilience was minimal and not significant in the path analysis. However, there was an indirect effect of gratitude on resilience (B=0.321; p<0.05). Mediation via the optimism variable was mainly responsible for this effect (indirect effect B=0.197; p<0.05). Conclusion This study shows that gratitude has only a minimal direct influence on resilience. However, results indicate that optimism as a mediating factor strengthens the resilience of medical students. Against this background, it may be useful to integrate interventions that promote an optimistic attitude into medical studies in order to strengthen the mental health of future doctors in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Hahn
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Education of Personal and Interpersonal Competencies in Health Care, Witten, Germany
| | - Patrick Brzoska
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Health Services Research, Witten, Germany
| | - Claudia Kiessling
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Education of Personal and Interpersonal Competencies in Health Care, Witten, Germany
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Aday JS, Bloesch EK, Davis AK, Domoff SE, Scherr K, Woolley JD, Davoli CC. Effects of Ayahuasca on Gratitude and Relationships with Nature: A Prospective, Naturalistic Study. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38310541 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2312980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Qualitative studies and anecdotal reports suggest that experiences with ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew found in Central and South America, may be followed by individuals enduringly feeling more grateful and connected to nature. Yet, to date, these changes have been understudied. Here, participants (N = 54) completed validated surveys related to gratitude, nature relatedness, and nature appreciation one-week before, one-week after, and one-month after attending an ayahuasca retreat center. Compared to baseline, there was a significant increase in gratitude, nature relatedness, and nature appreciation at the one-week and one-month follow-ups. Ratings of mystical-type experiences and awe, but not ego dissolution, during participants' ayahuasca sessions were weakly-to-moderately correlated with these increases. The number of ayahuasca ceremonies attended at the retreat was not related to change in outcomes, underscoring the importance of the quality rather than the quantity of the experiences in post-acute change. Lastly, participant age was negatively related to the occurrence of mystical-type experiences and awe, supporting literature indicating blunted psychedelic effects with increased age. In the context of study limitations, the results suggest that mystical-type experiences and awe occasioned by ayahuasca may be linked to prosocial changes in gratitude and relationships with nature that may be beneficial to mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Aday
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
- Translational Psychedelic Research (TrPR) Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michigan Psychedelic Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily K Bloesch
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Alan K Davis
- Center for Psychedelic Drug Research and Education, College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, US
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Domoff
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Kyle Scherr
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Josh D Woolley
- Translational Psychedelic Research (TrPR) Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Golec de Zavala A, Keenan O, Ziegler M, Mazurkiewicz M, Nalberczak-Skóra M, Ciesielski P, Wahl JE, Sedikides C. Mindful- Gratitude Practice Reduces Prejudice at High Levels of Collective Narcissism. Psychol Sci 2024; 35:137-149. [PMID: 38232344 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231220902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This research tested the hypothesis that mindful-gratitude practice attenuates the robust association between collective narcissism and prejudice. In Study 1 (a between-subjects study using a nationally representative sample of 569 Polish adults; 313 female), 10 min of mindful-gratitude practice-compared to mindful-attention practice and control-did not decrease prejudice (anti-Semitism), but weakened the positive link between collective narcissism and prejudice. In Study 2 (a preregistered, randomized, controlled-trial study using a convenience sample of 219 Polish adults; 168 female), a 6-week mobile app supported training in daily mindful-gratitude practice decreased prejudice (anti-Semitism, sexism, homophobia, anti-immigrant sentiment) and its link with collective narcissism compared to a wait-list control. The hypothesis-consistent results emphasize the social relevance of mindful-gratitude practice, a time- and cost-effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Keenan
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London
| | | | | | | | - Pawel Ciesielski
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University
| | - Julia E Wahl
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
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Amonoo HL, Daskalakis E, Deary EC, Guo M, Boardman A, Keane E, Lam JA, Newcomb RA, Gudenkauf LM, Brown LA, Onyeaka HK, Lee SJ, Huffman JC, El-Jawahri A. Gratitude, optimism, and satisfaction with life and patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Psychooncology 2024; 33:e6307. [PMID: 38358117 PMCID: PMC10927460 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations between positive psychological well-being (PPWB) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs, e.g., quality of life [QOL]) have yet to be studied extensively in patients with hematologic malignancies who are allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors, despite substantial evidence that PPWB impacts PROs of other medical populations. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data examining the association of PPWB and PROs at day 100 post-transplant among 158 allogeneic HSCT recipients. Optimism, gratitude, life satisfaction, and PROs (i.e., QOL, anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms) were assessed using the Life Orientation Test-Revised, Gratitude Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version, respectively. We used linear and multivariate regressions for all analyses and controlled for patient factors. RESULTS Optimism was associated with better QOL (β = 1.46; p < 0.001) and lower levels of anxiety (β = -0.28; p < 0.001), depression (β = -0.31; p < 0.001), and PTSD (β = -0.58; p < 0.001). Gratitude was associated with better QOL (β = 1.11; p < 0.001) and lower levels of anxiety (β = -0.21; p = 0.001), depression (β = -0.14; p = 0.021), and PTSD (β = -0.32; p = 0.032). Finally, satisfaction with life was associated with better QOL (β = 1.26; p < 0.001) and lower levels of anxiety (β = -0.18; p < 0.001), depression (β = -0.21; p < 0.001), and PTSD (β = -0.49; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Optimism, gratitude, and satisfaction with life were all associated with better QOL and lower levels of psychological distress in allogeneic HSCT survivors. These data support studies to harness PPWB as a therapeutic intervention for this population throughout HSCT recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermioni L. Amonoo
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Emma C. Deary
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Emma Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Lam
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard A. Newcomb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Gudenkauf
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lydia A. Brown
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry K. Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jeff C. Huffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Areej El-Jawahri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Imai T. Why do we feel close to a person who expresses gratitude? Exploring mediating roles of perceived warmth, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. Psych J 2024; 13:79-89. [PMID: 37727954 PMCID: PMC10917096 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The literature suggests that expressed gratitude improves the interpersonal relationship between a beneficiary and a benefactor. However, there is little research that has explored why thanking provides these positive effects, so this study investigated thanking mechanisms to explain reasons why people feel close to a beneficiary who expresses gratitude. This study also examines the effects of apologies, which are sometimes used to show gratitude in Japan. In this experimental study, 671 Japanese participants reported their perceived closeness, warmth, conscientiousness, and agreeableness to a hypothetical beneficiary who expressed gratitude, apologies, or both after a benefit was provided. The results revealed that benefactors who received a message indicating gratitude and both gratitude and apologies reported higher levels of closeness toward a beneficiary than those who received a message with only apologies and a message without either gratitude or apologies. A structural equation model further indicated that warmth and conscientiousness mediated the link between expressed gratitude/apologies and perceived closeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Imai
- Department of British and American StudiesNanzan UniversityNagoyaJapan
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15
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Bandieri E, Borelli E, Bigi S, Mucciarini C, Gilioli F, Ferrari U, Eliardo S, Luppi M, Potenza L. Positive Psychological Well-Being in Early Palliative Care: A Narrative Review of the Roles of Hope, Gratitude, and Death Acceptance. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:672-684. [PMID: 38392043 PMCID: PMC10888238 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the advanced cancer setting, low psychological functioning is a common symptom and its deleterious impact on health outcomes is well established. Yet, the beneficial role of positive psychological well-being (PPWB) on several clinical conditions has been demonstrated. Early palliative care (EPC) is a recent value-based model consisting of the early integration of palliative care into standard care for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. While the late palliative care primary offers short-term interventions, predominantly pharmacological in nature and limited to physical symptom reduction, EPC has the potential to act over a longer term, enabling specific interventions aimed at promoting PPWB. This narrative review examines nine English studies retrieved from MEDLINE/PubMed, published up to October 2023, focusing on EPC and three dimensions of PPWB: hope, gratitude, and death acceptance. These dimensions consistently emerge in our clinical experience within the EPC setting for advanced cancer patients and appear to contribute to its clinical efficacy. The choice of a narrative review reflects the novelty of the topic, the limited existing research, and the need to incorporate a variety of methodological approaches for a comprehensive exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bandieri
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Eleonora Borelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Sarah Bigi
- Department of Linguistic Sciences and Foreign Literatures, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Claudia Mucciarini
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Fabio Gilioli
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Umberto Ferrari
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Sonia Eliardo
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.L.); (L.P.)
- Hematology Unit and Chair, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.L.); (L.P.)
- Hematology Unit and Chair, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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16
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Zheng X, Huang H, Yu Q. The associations among gratitude, job crafting, teacher-student relationships, and teacher psychological well-being. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1329782. [PMID: 38312394 PMCID: PMC10834698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1329782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explores the complex dynamics among gratitude, job crafting, teacher psychological well-being, and teacher-student relationships within the context of Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. Methods A sample of 456 Chinese EFL teachers participated in this study. Valid scales were administered to collect data on gratitude, job crafting, teacher psychological well-being, and teacher-student relationships. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate these relationships. Results The findings reveal significant connections between gratitude, job crafting, teacher psychological well-being, and teacher-student relationships. SEM analysis demonstrates that gratitude and job crafting have direct effects on teacher psychological well-being. Furthermore, teacher-student relationships were identified as a mediator in these relationships. Discussion This study underscores the importance of gratitude and job crafting in enhancing the psychological well-being of EFL teachers. It highlights the mediating role of positive teacher-student relationships in the associations between gratitude, job crafting, and teacher psychological well-being. These results have implications for the development of interventions and practices aimed at promoting gratitude, job crafting, and positive teacher-student relationships in the EFL teaching context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zheng
- Public English Teaching and Research Department, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hezi Huang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Quanda Yu
- Radiochemotherapy Department, First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
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17
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Puente-Díaz R, Cavazos-Arroyo J. The consumption of experiential gifts is construed as more autonomy supportive and leads to greater gratitude, especially when they are given out of love. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1254789. [PMID: 38282855 PMCID: PMC10811146 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1254789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the indirect influence of recalling the consumption of types of gifts, experiential and material, on gratitude by increasing autonomy support. In addition, we tested the conditional influence of the presumed motives of gift-givers from the perspective of gift recipients based on the postulates of Self-Determination Theory. First, participants were randomly to assigned to one of the following conditions: Consumption-of-experiential gift or consumption-of-material gift conditions. After, participants filled out a battery of questionnaires assessing autonomy support and gratitude. Results showed that the consumption of experiential gifts was construed as more autonomy supportive than the consumption of their material counterparts, which then had a positive relationship with gratitude. In experiment two, we tested the proposed mediator, autonomy support, by asking participants to either recall the consumption of the gift that was consistent with their true values or the consumption of an ordinary gift and completed a set of questions assessing autonomy support and gratitude. Results showed that recalling a gift consistent with consumers' true values led to higher levels of autonomy support than recalling an ordinary gift, which was then positively correlated with gratitude. In the third experiment, we conducted a conceptual replication of experiment one and added the examination of the presumed motives of gift-givers as a potential moderator. Results replicated the significant mediation effect found in study 1 and showed that the conditional indirect effect was stronger when gift recipients attributed integrated motives to the gift-givers. The findings were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Puente-Díaz
- Department of Business and Economics, Universidad Anáhuac México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Judith Cavazos-Arroyo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Posgrados, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to confirm whether internal coping strengths, depressive symptomatology and gratitude disposition are significant predictors of integrity in older adults. METHODS Participated 394 Ecuadorian older adults with ages between 60 and 91 years old. Self-report were applied to assess the different variables under study. Specifically, integrity, coping, resilience, self-efficacy, mood and gratitude were assessed. RESULTS A confirmatory model was estimated to predict ego-integrity. A personal adjustment factor composed of problem-focused coping strategies, resilience and self-efficacy, and gratitude showed positive and significant relationships with ego-integrity, whereas negative mood negatively predicted integrity. CONCLUSIONS Integrity is a key variable to strengthen a coherent view of one's life history and highly relevant during ageing. Having personal strengths and dispositions that facilitate adaptation to ageing and maintaining a positive mood predicts the attainment of integrity. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Integrity is an adjustment factor that facilitates adaptation to the stressors of ageing and to major life changes and loss of control indifferent areas of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Melendez
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia (Spain), Valencia, ES, Spain
| | - Iraida Delhom
- Psychology, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (Spain). Pintor Sorolla, Valencia, ES, Spain
| | - Encarnacion Satorres
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia (Spain), Valencia, ES, Spain
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19
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Cui H, Bi X, Chen W, Gao T, Qing Z, Shi K, Ma Y. Gratitude and academic engagement: exploring the mediating effects of internal locus of control and subjective well-being. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1287702. [PMID: 38187428 PMCID: PMC10768852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1287702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between gratitude and academic engagement in Chinese students. The students of some junior high schools in Guangzhou were surveyed using the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, the School Engagement Questionnaire, the Levenson's IPC Scale, and the General Well-being Schedule. A total of 708 valid responses were collected. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between gratitude and academic engagement. Subjective well-being plays a mediating role between gratitude and academic engagement. Locus of control and subjective well-being serve as serial mediators between gratitude and academic engagement. These findings suggest that promoting students' academic engagement can be achieved by fostering gratitude and improving their internal locus of control and subjective well-being. By cultivating gratitude and enhancing these factors, educators and policymakers can create a more engaging and supportive learning environment for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Cui
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bi
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Gao
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaihua Qing
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Shi
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yankun Ma
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Maksutova M, Kemp MT, Sharma SB, Shen M, Leininger L, Singer AA, Krueger M, Kim GJ, Kwakye G, Alam HB, Sandhu G. "You've Got Gratitude!"- A Multispecialty and Multi-institution Program Encouraging Expressions of Gratitude. J Surg Educ 2023; 80:1741-1744. [PMID: 37723013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Efforts to improve physician well-being have focused on gratitude, which predicts health and happiness. Despite reported benefits, expressions of gratitude in healthcare can seem infrequent. Here, we describe Gratitude-Grams, an intervention to cultivate expressions of gratitude throughout a department. METHODS/APPROACH Piloted in our Department of Surgery and adopted by others, Gratitude-Grams employs a web-based platform (Qualtrics). Program feedback was solicited during teaching conferences using an anonymous department survey. RESULTS Gratitude-Grams streamlines and encourages expressions of gratitude while minimizing maintenance, cost, and time. The platform has been highly utilized and well-received in our Department of Surgery. CONCLUSION Expressing and receiving gratitude has been shown to be critical for well-being. Gratitude-Grams is a highly utilized, simple, and attainable system to support expressions of gratitude and is ready for rapid implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Maksutova
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Michael T Kemp
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Mary Shen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa Leininger
- Department of Surgery, Graduate Medical Education Program Administrator, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew A Singer
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Education Administrative Manager, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mackenzie Krueger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Grace J Kim
- Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gifty Kwakye
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colorectal Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gurjit Sandhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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21
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Kerry N, Chhabra R, Clifton JDW. Being Thankful for What You Have: A Systematic Review of Evidence for the Effect of Gratitude on Life Satisfaction. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4799-4816. [PMID: 38047154 PMCID: PMC10693196 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s372432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies suggest a link between gratitude and life satisfaction, including experimental tests of gratitude interventions. This paper presents a systematic review of recent literature on the influence of gratitude on life satisfaction. The aim of this research is to better understand the nature of the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction and to evaluate the state of literature. Methodology A systematic search was conducted using four databases (APA PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO), targeting articles published since 2010. Correlational studies were included if they used the GQ6 measure of gratitude and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Intervention studies were included if they reported effects of a gratitude manipulation on SWLS scores. Forty-four articles (N = 16,529) focusing on gratitude and life satisfaction were ultimately selected. Among the selected studies, 18 employed experimental designs and 26 were cross-sectional studies. Five studies also presented cross-lagged analyses from two or more timepoints. Results The review indicated a substantial positive correlation between gratitude and life satisfaction. Various potential mediators were also identified, including meaning in life, social support, and self-esteem. Some experimental research suggested that gratitude interventions may increase life satisfaction compared to neutral control conditions, although evidence was mixed. There was stronger evidence for these effects in people from Western countries. However, there is no strong evidence that gratitude interventions outperform positively valenced control conditions. Thus, it is possible that the effects of intervention could be caused by demand- or placebo effects. Conclusion and Recommendation While it is clear that there is a link between gratitude and life satisfaction, the extent to which gratitude causes life satisfaction and the mechanism underlying that link require further exploration. We suggest that experimental work test effects of changes in gratitude that cannot be explained by placebo- or demand effects. We also encourage more interactive interventions as well as research that investigates third variables that could underlie both gratitude and life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kerry
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ria Chhabra
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy D W Clifton
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Mesurado B, Resett S. Growth patterns of ingroup and outgroup prosocial behavior in Colombian and Uruguayan adolescents: Examining gratitude and forgiveness as predictors of change. J Res Adolesc 2023. [PMID: 38014484 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The first goal of the current research was to study the short-term developmental patterns of ingroup and outgroup prosocial behavior during the middle adolescence stage among Uruguayan and Colombian adolescents. The second goal was to study the probability of inclusion in each trajectory class arising from gratitude and forgiveness (understood as the absence of negative emotions and the presence of positive emotions toward an aggressor) while controlling for gender and age. The study included two short-term longitudinal samples from two Latin American countries: Colombia (N = 212, M age = 13.82 years, SD = 1.25) and Uruguay (N = 269, M age = 14.02 years, SD = 1.39). The data were collected at three time points within a 3-month interval. The first finding indicated that different patterns in ingroup and outgroup prosocial behavior in adolescents emerged in both Latin American countries. Moreover, two classes-high and low-were identified in the trajectory of ingroup prosocial behavior, while three different classes-high, moderate, and low-were found in the trajectory of outgroup prosocial behavior in both countries. The results indicated that high levels of gratitude increased the probability that Uruguayan adolescents were included in the group of adolescents with high levels of ingroup prosocial behavior. High levels of positive emotions toward an aggressor (a dimension of forgiveness) increased the probability that a Colombian adolescent belonged to the group of adolescents with high levels of ingroup prosociality. Regarding outgroup prosocial behavior, different predictors were also identified between the countries. The results indicated that high levels of gratitude and positive emotions toward an aggressor increased the probability that Uruguayan adolescents were included in the group of adolescents with high or moderate levels of outgroup prosocial behavior. Only positive emotions toward an aggressor increased the probability that Colombian adolescents were included in the group of adolescents with high or moderate levels of outgroup prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Mesurado
- Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Resett
- Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Navon-Eyal M, Taubman-Ben-Ari O. Emotional and relational protective factors during pregnancy and psychological well-being and personal growth after childbirth. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37982409 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2284290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in the perinatal literature tend to focus on potential negative outcomes, but little attention has been paid to the protective factors that may be associated with better psychological well-being or positive mental changes, such as personal growth. OBJECTIVE Drawing on the Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions, the study employed a prospective design and a sequential mediation model to examine the mechanism by which protective factors during pregnancy (dispositional gratitude, perceived relationship quality with the partner, perceived maternal-foetal bonding) may be associated, in sequence, with higher psychological well-being and personal growth after childbirth among first-time mothers. METHODS The sample consisted of 515 women who were recruited through social media and completed questionnaires in two phases: Time 1, during the second half of their pregnancy; and Time 2, around 12 weeks after the birth of their first baby. RESULTS Results show that gratitude was associated with higher perceived relationship quality during pregnancy, which was associated with higher maternal-foetal bonding, which in turn was associated with higher psychological well-being and personal growth after childbirth. The indirect effects were significant. CONCLUSION The study expands knowledge of positive outcomes in the transition to motherhood, and demonstrates that positive emotions, such as gratitude, may be the first link in the chain of factors predicting better outcomes from pregnancy to childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meital Navon-Eyal
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Taubman-Ben-Ari
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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24
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Liang Z, Xiang Y. Bidirectional relations between gratitude and depression/anxiety: based on three follow-up data. J Gen Psychol 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37981730 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2275315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In the study, 512 high school students from China were followed three times over a two-year period using a follow-up study design. Based on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, a cross-lagged model was developed to investigate the bidirectional relationship between gratitude and depression/anxiety. The results showed that gratitude was significantly negatively correlated with depression and anxiety. However, gratitude did not significantly negatively predict depression and anxiety in the cross-lag analysis, while depression and anxiety did significantly negatively predict gratitude. Based on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, this study breaks the direct promoting effect of gratitude on promoting mental health in traditional cognition, and reveals the one-way predicting relationship between depression and anxiety, two typical adverse psychological emotions, on gratitude, which has important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the development of social emotions in adolescents from the perspective of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Liang
- Moral Culture Research Center of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Research Center for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Xiang
- Moral Culture Research Center of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Research Center for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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25
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Zhao H, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang Z. The Effect of Growth Mindset on Adolescents' Meaning in Life: The Roles of Self-Efficacy and Gratitude. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4647-4664. [PMID: 38024657 PMCID: PMC10655738 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s428397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prior research has demonstrated that individuals' growth mindset can predict their happiness and psychological health. As a vital gauge of psychological health, meaning in life may be connected to a growth mindset. Methods This study employs a positive psychological perspective and uses Chinese adolescents as the study population. We manipulated the level of growth mindset (high growth mindset vs low growth mindset) in two experiments to examine the effects of growth mindset on adolescents' meaning in life. Additionally, we examined the roles of self-efficacy as a mediator (Study 1) and gratitude as a moderator (Study 2). Results Study 1 revealed positive correlations among growth mindset, self-efficacy, and meaning in life. Teenagers with a high growth mindset perceived and experienced life meaning more strongly than those with a low growth mindset. Growth mindset significantly predicted meaning in life, and self-efficacy fully mediated the connection between growth mindset and meaning in life. In Study 2, the connection between growth mindset and meaning in life was moderated by gratitude: in the high-gratitude condition, teens' growth mindsets had a direct significant influence on meaning in life. In contrast, in the low-gratitude situation, growth mindset did not significantly affect meaning in life. Moreover, the fully mediating role of self-efficacy was verified. Conclusion The results reveal the mechanism of action by which adolescents' growth mindset affects their meaning in life, broadening the research related to adolescents' growth mindset and providing important theoretical inspiration and practical guidance for teachers, parents and counselling workers to help adolescents obtain higher meaning in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Li
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Tissera H, Visserman ML, Impett EA, Muise A, Lydon JE. Understanding the Links Between Perceiving Gratitude and Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Using an Accuracy and Bias Framework. Soc Psychol Personal Sci 2023; 14:900-910. [PMID: 37745832 PMCID: PMC10516740 DOI: 10.1177/19485506221137958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Perceiving a partner's gratitude has several benefits for romantic relationships. We aimed to better understand these associations by decomposing perceptions into accuracy and bias. Specifically, we examined whether accuracy and bias in perceiving a partner's experience (Study 1: Ndyads= 205) and expression (Study 2: Ndyads= 309) of gratitude were associated with romantic relationship satisfaction. Using the Truth and Bias Model of Judgment, we found that perceivers generally underestimated their partner's gratitude, and lower perceptions of gratitude were related to lower perceiver satisfaction. Perceivers reported greater satisfaction when they assumed their partner's gratitude was similar to their own. Partners reported greater satisfaction when perceivers accurately gauged their partners' gratitude experience (but not expression) and lower satisfaction when perceivers underestimated their gratitude expression (but not experience). Overall, by decomposing gratitude perceptions into accuracy and bias, we provide insight into how these components differentially relate to relationship satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy Muise
- York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hasnie A, Thompson NR, Sullivan AB. The Roles Between Gratitude, Perceived Stress, and Quality of Life Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. J Patient Exp 2023; 10:23743735231202732. [PMID: 37766812 PMCID: PMC10521275 DOI: 10.1177/23743735231202732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispositional gratitude has been negatively associated with perceived stress (PS) and positively associated with higher well-being in both general and chronically ill people. Attempts to understand the relationship between gratitude and aspects of quality of life (QOL) have been documented; however, there is limited research on determining the potential mediating effect of PS on gratitude and QOL factors in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In this cross-sectional study, participant demographics, dispositional gratitude, PS, and QOL factors were collected online via self-report measures from a sample of 68 participants diagnosed with MS. Results indicated that both dispositional gratitude and PS were associated with aspects of QOL and that PS was found to partially and indirectly account for the relationship between gratitude and improved QOL. Findings are consistent with existing research conducted with non-chronically ill samples. Clarifying relationships between PS and dispositional factors in MS is necessary to inform future interventions aimed at maintaining and enhancing an individual's QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiah Hasnie
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicolas R Thompson
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amy B Sullivan
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wang X, Song C. The impact of gratitude interventions on patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1243598. [PMID: 37809310 PMCID: PMC10551131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive psychological factors play a pivotal role in improving cardiovascular outcomes. Gratitude interventions are among the most effective positive psychological interventions, with potential clinical applications in cardiology practice. To better understand the potential clinical effects of gratitude interventions in cardiovascular disease, four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycArticles) were searched from 2005 to 2023 for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials of gratitude interventions as the intervention and that reported physiological or psychosocial outcomes were eligible for inclusion. In total, 19 studies were identified, reporting results from 2951 participants from 19 to 71 years old from both healthy populations and those with clinical diagnoses. The studies showed that gratitude not only promotes mental health and adherence to healthy behaviors but also improves cardiovascular outcomes. Gratitude may have a positive impact on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, especially asymptomatic heart failure, cardiovascular function, and autonomic nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunli Song
- The Second Hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Rakoczy J, KostyŁa M, Binder-Olibrowska KW, WrzesiŃska MA. Coping with challenges of the first months of COVID-19 pandemic among medical university community: a mixed-method study from Poland. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2023; 36:365-378. [PMID: 37681425 PMCID: PMC10663997 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Universities played a significant role in meeting the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, with both students and staff having to identify and use available coping resources. The main aim of the study was to describe the academic community's experiences of the pandemic and their impact on health and wellbeing. Related variables were also explored, such as sense of coherence (SOC), gratitude, and subjective health assessment (SHA). MATERIAL AND METHODS During the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire was sent to the community of the Medical University of Lodz. It included 4 open-ended questions on ways to remain healthy during the pandemic. The responses (N = 144) were analyzed using a general inductive approach. For the purpose of this study, the resource utilization rate (RUR) was defined and calculated based on the number of categories with responses indicating resource usage. Additionally, a Polish adaptation of the 29-item Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-29), the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6), and subjective health assessment were measured. Correlations between variables were calculated. RESULTS The main areas of resource identification and utilization were interpersonal relationships, views of reality, physical activity, pleasure activities, social contacts, and healthy diet. Physical activity has been found to be the most commonly-reported strategy of taking care of both health and emotional state more frequently among students than employees (p < 0.01). The RUR was strongly associated with SOC in male employees (ρ = 0.7, p < 0.05) and with GQ-6 in both male and female student groups (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.05 and ρ = 0.28, p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Relationships between RUR and SOC seem to be gender- and age-related. The relationships between health and resource utilization are worth exploring in the university setting. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(3):365-78.
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Affiliation(s)
- JarosŁaw Rakoczy
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena KostyŁa
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Łódź, Poland
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Diniz G, Korkes L, Tristão LS, Pelegrini R, Bellodi PL, Bernardo WM. The effects of gratitude interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2023; 21:eRW0371. [PMID: 37585888 PMCID: PMC10393216 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023rw0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gratitude has several implications. Over time, a logical relationship has been established between gratitude and well-being. In addition, researchers aimed to establish associations between gratitude and other factors of positive feelings using scientific methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to develop gratitude and its benefits to human beings. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the available scientific evidence on interventions to acquire knowledge on gratitude as a quantifiable causal factor of benefit to human beings. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies that investigated the effects of gratitude interventions. MEDLINE, Embase, and Central Cochrane databases were searched in addition to gray (Google Scholar) and manual search. Two authors independently evaluated the titles and abstracts, and selected the studies that met the inclusion criteria. The searches were conducted between January and July 2022. RESULTS Sixty-four randomized clinical trials were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that patients who underwent gratitude interventions experienced greater feelings of gratitude, better mental health, and fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression. Moreover, they experienced other benefits such as a more positive mood and emotions. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that acts of gratitude can be used as a therapeutic complement for treating anxiety and depression and can increase positive feelings and emotions in the general population. Prospero database registration: (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) under the number CRD42021250799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyze Diniz
- PlenaeSão PauloSPBrazilPlenae, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ligia Korkes
- PlenaeSão PauloSPBrazilPlenae, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luca Schiliró Tristão
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de SantosSantosSPBrazil Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Patrícia Lacerda Bellodi
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley Marques Bernardo
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Carrero I, Martínez de Ibarreta C, Valor C, Merino A. Does loving-kindness meditation elicit empathic emotions? The moderating role of self-discrepancy and self-esteem on guilt. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:919-937. [PMID: 36358020 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the emotions elicited by loving-kindness meditation (LKM) at early stages of practice is limited, despite the influence that these emotions may have on later engagement. Past work suggests that LKM may elicit emotional ambivalence at early stages of the practice, but it is still unclear whether the content of LKM activates this ambivalence and who is more likely to experience it. Given the specific content of LKM, we defend that this meditation is likely to elicit empathetic emotions, both positive (compassion and gratitude) and negative (guilt), to a greater extent than an active control. Guilt is likely to be elicited by memories of incidents where naïve meditators were not able to experience compassion and/or by the difficulties in sending compassionate love to disliked others during the meditation. Furthermore, individuals with greater self-discrepancy and lower self-esteem are more likely to experience guilt. These hypotheses were tested in two experimental studies with community and student samples (n = 55 and n = 33, respectively) and using a brief intervention. The results support the hypotheses. These findings have implications for instructors of LKM, especially when organizing meditation practices with naïve meditators who should be aware of the potential negative emotions elicited by this meditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Carrero
- School of Business Administration, Universidad Pontificia Comillas-ICADE, Alberto Aguilera, 23, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez de Ibarreta
- School of Business Administration, Universidad Pontificia Comillas-ICADE, Alberto Aguilera, 23, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Carmen Valor
- IIT-School of Business Administration, Universidad Pontificia Comillas-ICADE, Alberto Aguilera, 23, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Amparo Merino
- School of Business Administration, Universidad Pontificia Comillas-ICADE, Alberto Aguilera, 23, Madrid, 28015, Spain
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Lasota A. Crisis Experience and Purpose in Life in Men and Women: The Mediating Effect of Gratitude and Fear of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6490. [PMID: 37569030 PMCID: PMC10418392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether gratitude and fear of COVID-19 mediated the relationship between crisis experience during the pandemic and purpose in life in men and women. METHODS Six hundred and five participants aged between 18 and 60 years (M = 25.6; SD = 8.39) completed the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Scale-Short Form (GRAT-S), Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and Purpose in Life Test (PIL). In addition, the respondents were questioned about life crises during the previous six months (e.g., the death of a loved one or illness). RESULTS Men and women differed in their endorsement of gratitude or fear of COVID-19 as a mediator. Women's experiences of the crisis related both directly and indirectly to purpose in life, with gratitude and fear of COVID-19 mediating this relationship. In men, only the indirect path, from crisis experience, through gratitude, to purpose in life, turned out to be significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that coping styles differ in men and women and, as a consequence, that crisis interventions need to take gender into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lasota
- Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
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Mosteo L, Junça-Silva A, Lopes RR. Gratitude intersects with affect as a boundary condition for daily satisfaction: An affective dynamics perspective. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1028-1045. [PMID: 36527340 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study is based on the affective events theory to investigate the situational predictors for gratitude-related differences in daily affect and satisfaction. We tested a moderated mediation model in which daily microevents (daily hassles and uplifts) were related to satisfaction through affect, at the within-person level. We also tested the cross-level interaction of gratitude on this indirect relationship. A total of 195 participants participated in a 5-day diary study (195 * 5 = 975 measurement occasions). Multilevel modeling showed that, at the person-level of analysis, daily microevents were significantly related to daily affect and, in turn, to daily satisfaction. At the daily level of analysis, trait-based gratitude moderated the mediation of daily positive affect on the relationship between daily uplifts and daily satisfaction, such that it become stronger for individuals who scored lower on gratitude, but gratitude did not moderate the relationship between daily hassles, negative affect, and satisfaction. These findings make relevant theoretical contributions to understanding the power of gratitude for daily affective dynamics. These results also expand knowledge on within-person processes that explain daily affect and satisfaction, in addition to more traditional between-person factors. In sum, the present research demonstrates that "being grateful" may be associated with being happy and that individuals who are less grateful need to experience more daily uplifts and positive affect to feel satisfied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Mosteo
- Department of Psychology & Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Junça-Silva
- Department of Human Resources and Organizational Behavior, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Business Research Unit - BRU (UNIDE-IUL), Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT), Lisbon, Portugal
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Steinhausen-Wachowsky A, Martin D, Rodrigues Recchia D, Büssing A. Stability of psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic among people with an anthroposophical worldview: the influence of wondering awe and perception of nature as resources. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1200067. [PMID: 37546316 PMCID: PMC10400802 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, differences in responses and behaviors were observed among specific groups. We aimed to address how people with an anthroposophical worldview behaved with respect to the perception of burden, fears, and wellbeing. As it is an integral part of their lifestyle and convictions, we addressed the influence of wondering awe and gratitude and perception of nature and times of mindful quietness as resources to cope. Methods In two cross-sectional surveys with standardized instruments, participants were recruited in 2020 (n = 1,252) and 2021 (n = 2,273). Results Psychological wellbeing was much higher than in other studied groups and populations, with slightly lower scores in 2021 compared to the 2020 sample (Eta2 = 0.020), while the perception of the COVID-19-related burden and fear of the future were low in 2020 with a slight increase in 2021 (Eta2 = 0.033 and 0.008, respectively). Their transcendence conviction was negatively related to fears of their own infection or the infection of others. Best predictors of their wellbeing were low burden and awe/gratitude, while the best predictors of their burden were low wellbeing and lack of social contacts. Conclusion Compared to the general population in Germany, the anthroposophical lifestyle and related convictions may have buffered some of the COVID-19-related burden and helped them to stabilize their psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Steinhausen-Wachowsky
- Professorship Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany
| | - David Martin
- Chair of Medical Theory, Integrative and Anthroposophic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Daniela Rodrigues Recchia
- Chair of Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Arndt Büssing
- Professorship Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany
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Lovell B, Wetherell MA. Social support mediates the relationship between dispositional gratitude and psychological distress in caregivers of autistic children. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2084-2094. [PMID: 36617657 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2162939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Grateful caregivers report lower levels of psychological distress. Social support, engendered by gratitude and buffering against stress, might mediate this effect. Here we explored whether the protective psychological effect of dispositional gratitude might be mediated by increased social support. A sample of 126 caregivers of autistic children completed questionnaires assessing dispositional gratitude, social support and psychological distress. Gratitude inversely predicted psychological distress, as did social support after adjusting for gratitude. Gratitude positively predicted social support. Gratitude no longer predicted psychological distress after adjusting for social support. Indirect effects analysis revealed the gratitude-distress relationship occurred indirectly via social support. Grateful caregivers reported higher levels of social support, and this predicted lower psychological distress. Gratitude, relatively stable as a disposition, has a state component that is sensitive to change, and healthcare professionals might do well to recommend gratitude enhancing interventions for caregivers of autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lovell
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark A Wetherell
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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El Keshky MES, Khusaifan SJ, Kong F. Gratitude and Life Satisfaction among Older Adults in Saudi Arabia: Social Support and Enjoyment of Life as Mediators. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:527. [PMID: 37503974 PMCID: PMC10376453 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction, and the mediation role of social support and enjoyment of life among older individuals. The measures employed include the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation test; the Enjoyment of Life scale; the Satisfaction with Life scale; and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. These were administered to a sample of 260 older individuals aged between 60 and 80. The main findings revealed a positive association between gratitude and life satisfaction, and social support was a partial mediator in this relationship. Although enjoyment of life was not a direct mediator in the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction, the final model indicated a significant serial pathway from gratitude to social support and then through enjoyment of life to life satisfaction. In conclusion, enhancing gratitude, promoting the enjoyment of life, and social support to older individuals might increase their life satisfaction, which in turn might contribute to their successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogeda El Sayed El Keshky
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Assiut University, Asyut 71515, Egypt
| | - Shatha Jamil Khusaifan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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Kalamatianos A, Kounenou K, Pezirkianidis C, Kourmousi N. The Role of Gratitude in a Positive Psychology Group Intervention Program Implemented for Undergraduate Engineering Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:460. [PMID: 37366712 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, research on positive psychology for building strengths has proliferated. The present study aimed to explore the effect of gratitude in a 5-week positive psychology group program for undergraduate engineering students which included an intermediary 2-week gratitude intervention. In a mixed-design, 69 students from three engineering departments of the School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), assigned to the intervention (N = 34) and the control group (N = 35), with an average age of 21.52 years (SD = 4.63), were administered the Gratitude Questionnaire-six item form (GQ-6), the Modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). The condition experimental vs. control group was designated as the between-subjects factor, and time, that is, baseline vs. post intervention, was set as the within-subjects factor. Students who received the intervention reported significantly higher levels of gratitude. The increase in gratitude was due to the positive psychology group program. In addition, gratitude showed a significant effect on happiness and optimism, but failed to attain a significant impact on positive and negative emotions and resilience. Further research is needed to elucidate the effectiveness of positive psychology programs for undergraduate engineering students and the intervening cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kalamatianos
- Department of Education, School of Education, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- Student Counseling Center, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education, 15122 Maroussi, Greece
| | - Kalliope Kounenou
- Department of Education, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education, 15122 Maroussi, Greece
| | - Christos Pezirkianidis
- Laboratory of Positive Psychology, Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences, Syggrou Ave. 136, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Ntina Kourmousi
- Department of Education, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education, 15122 Maroussi, Greece
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Upenieks L, Krause NM. Exploring Religious/Spiritual Pathways between Practical Wisdom and Depression: Testing the Importance of The Divine Relationship in Later Life. J Relig Spiritual Aging 2023; 35:227-250. [PMID: 37397956 PMCID: PMC10312114 DOI: 10.1080/15528030.2023.2206676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The last several decades have witnessed the topic of wisdom gaining momentum in the field of positive psychology. In this study, we focus on the potentially important role of religion/spirituality, specifically beliefs about God, as a mediating mechanism underlying the relationship between practical wisdom and depression among older adults. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of older adults from the 2013 wave of the Religion, Aging, and Health Survey (n = 1,497), our results show that practical wisdom is associated with lower depressive symptoms. We also document that three God-related constructs, God-mediated control, trust in God, and gratitude towards God each partially explained the relationship between wisdom and well-being. Taken together, Christian conceptions of God as a personal, divine being, the ultimate attachment figure who is an unconditional source of love and support for believers, may be a target of older adults who have cultivated practical wisdom.
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Bazargan-Hejazi S, Dehghan K, Chou S, Bailey S, Baron K, Assari S, Marzio R, Teklehaimanot S, Kermah D, Lindstrom RW, Shirazi A, Lopez D, Bazargan M. Hope, optimism, gratitude, and wellbeing among health professional minority college students. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:1125-1133. [PMID: 34344275 PMCID: PMC10699496 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1922415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To (1) describe the level of hope, optimism, and gratitude in a sample of minority health professional college students. (2) To examine the association between hope, optimism, and gratitude with wellbeing domains. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and thirty-two (n = 132) college students from the Nursing, Medicine, and Allied Health programs. METHODS Cross-sectional survey study assessed wellbeing across the five domains of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. RESULTS Mean and Standard Deviation on hope, optimism, and gratitude were 50.2 ± 5.6; 21.7 ± 4.34; and 36.3 ± 5.35, respectively. Hope, optimism, and gratitude were positively associated with domains of wellbeing, controlling for gender and age. CONCLUSION Students maintained a positive outlook in life. Hopeful, op6timistic, and grateful students experienced positive emotion, were more engaged in their daily activities, had more supportive relationships, had a better sense of direction in life, and more often accomplished their goals. Interpretations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kaveh Dehghan
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stacy Chou
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shanelle Bailey
- College of Health and Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyla Baron
- College of Health and Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shervin Assari
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert Marzio
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Senait Teklehaimanot
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dulcie Kermah
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard W. Lindstrom
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anaheed Shirazi
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Lopez
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Perrault EK, McCullock SP, Lee DG, Hildenbrand GM, Mikkelsen DG. College student gratitude: A silver lining while evaluating a yearlong bathroom stall messaging campaign. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:1027-1035. [PMID: 33983872 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1910516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health concerns of college students are on the rise, prompting a need for communication campaigns to address ways to assist students. The current campaign utilized weekly bathroom stall messaging to address five key themes developed by a university's mental wellness task force. Participants: Undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university. Methods: A survey at pre and post-campaign implementation. Results: No significant shifts in attitudes, and only one significant behavioral increase (i.e., reaching out to academic advisers), were revealed. One silver lining was that college students were found to express gratitude to someone new a median of 5 times per month. Gratitude tended to be displayed most recently to those in their social circles, and primarily for receiving instrumental support. Conclusions: Narrowing the focus of future mental wellness campaigns is recommended. Additional recommendations for developing future mental wellness campaigns are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Perrault
- Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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41
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Lee N, Kim Y. A Study on South Korean College Students' Perceptions of Gratitude. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040281. [PMID: 37102795 PMCID: PMC10136105 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans feel happy when they experience positive emotions; gratitude is a significant inducer of positive emotions. This study investigates perceptions of gratitude among South Korean college students using the Q methodology, which enables the examination of individuals' subjectivity. We collected 227 statements from a Q population through literature reviews, paper reviews, interviews, and questionnaire surveys; from them statements, we selected 40 Q samples. The P samples included 46 college students at Dongguk University in Seoul, South Korea, and we performed data analysis with Principal Component Factor Analysis using the Quanl program. Using the results of this study, we classified gratitude into five types: Type 1 active gratitude through expression; Type 2 passive gratitude depending on conditions; Type 3 gratitude through relationships; Type 4 gratitude through internal satisfaction, and; Type 5 gratitude through materials. The results point to differences in experiences of gratitude that depend on conditions and environments, and by type. Researchers and administrators can use the results of this study to understand South Korean college students' perspectives and perceptions when planning and implementing gratitude programs that prioritize their happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namki Lee
- Department of Counseling and Coaching, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1 gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheon Kim
- Department of Counseling and Coaching, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1 gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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42
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Roche K, Mulchan S, Ayr-Volta L, Elias M, Brimacombe M, Morello C, Hinderer KA. Pilot Study on the Impact of Gratitude Journaling or Cognitive Strategies on Health Care Workers. J Pediatr Health Care 2023:S0891-5245(23)00029-9. [PMID: 36882351 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental well-being of health care workers (HCWs). This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of two psychological interventions, gratitude journaling or cognitive strategies, on pediatric HCWs. METHOD A pilot randomized parallel repeated measures design was used, with a convenience sample of 59 HCWs. Data were collected before and after the intervention period, 2 weeks after, and again 6 months later. Outcomes included depression, anxiety, meaning and purpose, feasibility, and acceptability. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants completed the study. The majority were nurses (registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses) and physicians. In both groups, depression and anxiety scores diminished, but changes were not statistically significant. The study was feasible to conduct, and subjects reported high acceptability. DISCUSSION Gratitude journaling and cognitive strategies may help mental well-being in HCWs; however, future studies with larger samples are needed.
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Newman DB, Nezlek JB, Tay L. General Gratitude and Gratitude to God: Associations with Personality and Well-Being. J Posit Psychol 2023; 19:157-165. [PMID: 38487080 PMCID: PMC10936696 DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2178958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research has focused on distinguishing general forms of gratitude from gratitude to God. We contributed to this area of research by examining correlates of personality traits and meaning in life in a cross-sectional study (N = 1,398). General gratitude was more strongly positively related to honesty-humility, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and meaning in life than gratitude to God. Moreover, gratitude to God moderated the positive relationship between general gratitude and meaning in life such that the relationship was stronger at lower than higher levels of gratitude to God. The results suggest that general forms of gratitude may be more important for well-being and positive traits than gratitude to God. General forms of gratitude may be particularly beneficial among less religious people, while gratitude to God may be particularly beneficial for people's well-being among those who are less grateful in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John B Nezlek
- William and Mary
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw
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Li B, Hu X, Chen L, Wu C. Longitudinal Relations Between School Climate and Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Role of Gratitude. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:419-430. [PMID: 36819008 PMCID: PMC9936877 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s395162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The school climate, which refers to the quality and character of school life, is associated with a wide range of developmental outcomes. Although researchers have shown considerable interest in uncovering the links between school climate and prosocial behavior, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the mediating role of gratitude between school climate and adolescents' prosocial behavior. Methods A sample of 632 Chinese adolescents (363 girls and 269 boys; Mage = 16.83 years at time 1, SD = 0.68 years) completed a battery of sociometric and self-report questionnaires that measured school climate, gratitude, and prosocial behavior in three waves. Results Correlation analysis showed that school climate, gratitude, and prosocial behavior were all significantly and positively intercorrelated across the three waves. Importantly, gratitude completely mediated the relationship between school climate and prosocial behavior (β = 0.005 [95% confidence interval = 0.001, 0.013]) in the three-wave longitudinal mediation model. Conclusion As a positive disposition, gratitude fosters prosocial behavior and serves as a mediator between school climate and prosocial behavior. This study provides a theoretical explanation for cultivating adolescents' prosocial behavior and theoretical guidelines for interventions of schools and other socializing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- School of Education Science, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Laibin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Education, Shiyuan College of Nanning Normal University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xiao Hu, Department of Education, Shiyuan College of Nanning Normal University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Litao Chen
- College of Music, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuyi Wu
- School of Education Science, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Li Z, Sial MS, Wu H, Căpușneanu S, Barbu CM. The Role of CSR Information on Social Media to Promote the Communicative Behavior of Customers: An Emotional Framework Enriching Behavioral Sciences Literature. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36829355 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that an organization's corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities affect customer behaviors such as loyalty and satisfaction. In spite of this, the role of social media in informing customers about a brand's CSR activities and in fostering customer advocacy behavior (CADB) has been underexplored. To fill this knowledge gap, this study investigates the relationship between the CSR-related communication of a banking organization and CADB. This study also examines how emotions such as customer-company identification (CCI) and gratitude as a mediator and a moderator. Using a self-administered questionnaire (n = 302), we collected data from banking customers. Hypotheses were evaluated by using structural equation modeling, which revealed that CSR positively predicts CADB, whereas there are mediating and moderating functions of CCI and GA. Theoretically, this study highlights the role of human emotions in behavior formation from the standpoint of social media. Practically, this study provides important insights for the banking sector's administrators to realize the important role of CSR communication, using different social networking websites, for converting customers into brand advocates.
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Danioni F, Paleari FG, Pelucchi S, Lombrano MR, Lumera D, Regalia C. Gratitude, Forgiveness, and Anger: Resources and Risk Factors for Italian Prison Inmates. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2023; 67:207-223. [PMID: 34622704 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211049191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adjustment of prison inmates is recently becoming a social concern. In the current study we focused on the role of gratitude, interpersonal forgiveness, and anger, which have been widely addressed as likely to influence people's health and adaptive behaviors, in shaping prison inmates' psychological wellbeing and criminal attitudes. Participants were 104 male prison inmates aged between 24 and 75 (Mage = 46.63, SD = 11.38) imprisoned in Northern Italy who were asked to fill in an anonymous self-report questionnaire. Results highlighted that all dimensions considered play an important, albeit different and highly specific, role; Gratitude is a promotional factor that enhances psychological wellbeing, whereas interpersonal forgiveness appears to be a protective factor against the adoption of a criminal attitude as violence or antisocial intent. Finally, anger is a risk factor toward both psychological wellbeing and violent behaviors. Implications of these results and further developments of the study are discussed.
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47
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Ou J, Yun H, Zhang K, Du Y, He Y, Wang Y. Prepandemic relationship satisfaction is related to postpandemic COVID-19 anxiety: A four-wave study in China. J Soc Pers Relat 2023; 40:363-383. [PMID: 38603232 PMCID: PMC9047625 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221091993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had lasting impacts on people's interpersonal relationship and mental health. Using four-wave data in China (N = 222, 54.50% female, Mage = 31.53, SD = 8.17), the current study examined whether prepandemic relationship satisfaction was related to postpandemic COVID-19 anxiety through midpandemic perceived social support and/or gratitude. The results showed that people's COVID-19 anxiety decreased from the peak to the trough stage of the pandemic; perceived social support increased markedly from prepandemic to the peak and remained stable subsequently, while relationship satisfaction remained unchanged throughout. Further, it was midpandemic perceived social support, not gratitude, that mediated the association between prepandemic relationship satisfaction and postpandemic COVID-19 anxiety, indicating that perceived social support played a crucial role in this process. Finally, it is suggested that perceived social support should be distinguished from gratitude as two different components of social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yinan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Liu A, Chen Z, Wang S, Guo J, Lin L. Relationships Between College Students' Belief in a Just World and Their Learning Satisfaction: The Chain Mediating Effects of Gratitude and Engagement. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:197-209. [PMID: 36699987 PMCID: PMC9869797 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s396702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This paper reveals the mechanism of the influence of belief in a just world on college students' learning satisfaction, and provides reference for further improving the quality of talent training in higher education. Methods By convenient sampling method, 131,894 college students from 348 undergraduate universities in China were investigated on the belief in a just world scale, gratitude scale, learning engagement scale and learning satisfaction scale. Then, SPSS, AMOS and other software were used to analyze the data. Results 1) Belief in a just world, gratitude, learning engagement and learning satisfaction are positively correlated. 2) Belief in a just world can not only directly and positively predict college students' learning satisfaction, but also indirectly and positively predict college students' learning satisfaction through gratitude and learning engagement respectively. 3) Gratitude and learning engagement play a chain mediating role between belief in a just world and learning satisfaction. Conclusion Belief in a just world positively predicts college students' learning satisfaction through gratitude and learning engagement, suggesting that colleges and universities should create a fair learning environment and enhance college students' sense of gratitude, so as to improve college students' belief in a fair world and gratitude level, thus promoting their learning engagement and finally improving their learning satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aichun Liu
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Nanjing Institute of Tourism and Hospitality, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,College of Humanities, Yantai Nanshan University, Longkou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Wang
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Guo
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- College of Humanities, Yantai Nanshan University, Longkou, People's Republic of China
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Ataíde I, Araújo P, Araújo AM, Fernandes R, Martins E, Mendes F. Grateful Workers, Satisfied Workers? A Portuguese Study about Organizational Happiness during COVID-19 Quarantine. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36829310 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although work satisfaction has been largely studied, gratitude is an emerging field within multiple sciences, including positive psychology, organizational behavior, and human resources marketing. This ex post facto study aims to characterize gratitude and understand its relations to job satisfaction in a non-probabilistic sample of 521 Portuguese workers (62.2% women), 30.90% and 69.10% in the public and private sector, respectively, mean ages of M = 43, SD = 12.6. Data were collected using anonymous questionnaires during the COVID-19 lockdown. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 26, and include Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlations, and a hierarchical linear regression model. Results confirm that Portuguese workers are grateful and satisfied at work. There were statistically significant differences between groups in sociodemographic (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05), professional (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001), and perceived living conditions variables (p < 0.05) regarding gratitude. Gratitude, alone, explains 8% of job satisfaction. According to the regression model (32.4%), perceptions of satisfaction initiatives and greater job security are also associated with higher levels of job satisfaction (23.6%). Implementation of gratitude-promoting strategies may increase job satisfaction, especially in the post-pandemic period. The investment in workers' organizational happiness, after the impacts of COVID-19 on work dynamics, is a differentiating organizations success dimension.
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Stirling FJ, Monteux S, Stoll M. Receiving thank you letters in inpatient child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): A qualitative study of nurse's experiences. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023. [PMID: 36650671 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has found that nurses in inpatient CAMHS can struggle to define their role and contribution to patient care. While gratitude has received increased attention in relation to subjective well-being in healthcare settings, the receipt of gratitude in the form of thank you letters is currently unexplored in the CAMHS context. AIM/QUESTION To gain an understanding of how inpatient CAMHS nursing staff experience receiving expressions of gratitude from patients. METHOD Adopting an exploratory qualitative approach, two focus group interviews were conducted. Participants completed a brief online follow-up questionnaire. Data were examined using thematic analysis. RESULTS Reflecting on expressions of gratitude improved understanding of professional identity, enhanced reflexivity, enhanced team cohesion and increased professional and personal confidence and motivation. DISCUSSION Expressions of gratitude appear to offer meaningful sources of feedback for nurses and support a greater sense of personal accomplishment, professional role and the relational impact of care for patients. When nurses share and discuss expressions of gratitude with colleagues this brings benefits additional to the initial receipt. IMPLICATIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH NURSING Nurses should be supported to engage in discussing and reflecting upon receiving thank you letters and other tokens of gratitude although care should be taken to support those who might experience unease or increased self-doubt.
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