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Trotta F, Da Silva S, Massironi A, Mirpoor SF, Lignou S, Ghawi SK, Charalampopoulos D. Advancing Food Preservation: Sustainable Green-AgNPs Bionanocomposites in Paper-Starch Flexible Packaging for Prolonged Shelf Life. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:941. [PMID: 38611199 PMCID: PMC11013251 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of enhancing food packaging, nanotechnology, particularly green silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs), have gained prominence for its remarkable antimicrobial properties with high potential for food shelf-life extension. Our study aims to develop corn starch-based coating materials reinforced with G-AgNPs. The mechanical properties were examined using a uniaxial tensile tester, revealing that starch coated with the highest G-AgNPs concentration (12.75 ppm) exhibited UTS of 87.6 MPa compared to 48.48 MPa of control paper, a significant (p < 0.02) 65% increase. The assessment of the WVP showcased a statistical reduction in permeability by up to 8% with the incorporation of the hydrophobic layer. Furthermore, antibacterial properties were assessed following ISO 22196:2011, demonstrating a strong and concentration-dependent activity of G-AgNPs against E. coli. All samples successfully disintegrated in both simulated environments (soil and seawater), including samples presenting G-AgNPs. In the food trial analysis, the presence of starch and G-AgNPs significantly reduced weight loss after 6 days, with cherry tomatoes decreasing by 8.59% and green grapes by 6.77% only. The results of this study contribute to the advancement of environmentally friendly packaging materials, aligning with the UN sustainable development goals of reducing food waste and promoting sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Trotta
- Metalchemy Limited, 71-75 Shelton Street, London WC2H 9JQ, UK; (S.D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Sidonio Da Silva
- Metalchemy Limited, 71-75 Shelton Street, London WC2H 9JQ, UK; (S.D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessio Massironi
- Metalchemy Limited, 71-75 Shelton Street, London WC2H 9JQ, UK; (S.D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Mirpoor
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (S.F.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Stella Lignou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (S.F.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Sameer Khalil Ghawi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (S.F.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (S.F.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.G.); (D.C.)
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Jung JW, Kim S, Kim YS, Jeong S, Lee J. Tracing microplastics from raw water to drinking water treatment plants in Busan, South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154015. [PMID: 35189238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing amount of plastic waste has raised concerns about microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments. MPs can be fragmented into nanoplastics that can pass through water treatment processes and into tap water; potentially threatening human health because of their high adsorption capacity for hazardous organic materials and their intrinsic toxicity. This case study investigates the identification, fate, and removal efficiency of MPs in Korean drinking water treatment plants. Two sites on the Nakdong River, two lake reservoirs (raw water sources), and four corresponding drinking water treatment plants were targeted to trace the amounts, types, and sizes of MPs throughout the treatment process. Monthly quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted by chemical image mapping using micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. MPs larger than 20 μm were detected, and their sizes and types were quantified using siMPle software. Overall, the number of MPs in the river sites (January to April and October to November) exceeded those in the reservoirs, but only slight differences in the number of MPs between rivers and lake reservoirs were detected from June to October. The annual average number of MPs in River A, B and Lack C and D was not distinctively different (2.65, 2.48, 2.46 and 1.87 particles/L, respectively). The majority of MPs found in raw waters were polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP) (> 60%) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (20%), in addition to polyamide (<10%) in the river and polystyrene (<10%) in the lake reservoirs. Approximately 70-80% of the MPs were removed by pre-ozonation/sedimentation; 81-88% of PE/PP was removed by this process. PET/PMMA was removed by filtration. Correlation of MPs with water quality parameters showed that the Mn concentration was moderately correlated with the MP abundance in rivers and lake reservoirs, excluding the lake with the lowest Mn concentration, while the total organic carbon was negatively correlated with the MP abundance in both rivers (A and B) and lake reservoir C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Jung
- Water quality research institute, Busan Water Authority, Busan 47210, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Kim
- Water quality research institute, Busan Water Authority, Busan 47210, South Korea
| | - Yong-Soon Kim
- Water quality research institute, Busan Water Authority, Busan 47210, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Gupta H, Verma C, Sharma A, Singh P, Somani M, Mukhopadhyay S, Shekhar A, Gupta B. Development of silver immobilized biofunctional PET Fabric for antimicrobial wound dressing. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rubin AE, Sarkar AK, Zucker I. Questioning the suitability of available microplastics models for risk assessment - A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147670. [PMID: 34029818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rise of microplastic (MP) pollution in the environment has been bolstering concerns regarding MPs' unknown environmental fate, transport, and potential toxicity toward living forms. However, the use of real environmental plastics for risk assessment is often hindered due to technical and practical challenges such as plastics' heterogeneity and their wide size distribution in the environment. To overcome this issue, most available data in the field is generated using plastic models as surrogates for environmental samples. In this critical review, we describe the gaps in risk assessments drawn from these plastic models. Specifically, we compare physicochemical properties of real environmental plastic particles to synthesized polymeric micro-beads, one of the most commonly used plastic models in current literature. Several surface and bulk characteristics including size, surface chemistry, polymer type, and morphology are shown to not only be inherently different between environmental MP's and synthesized micro-beads, but also drive behavior in fate, transport, and toxicity assays. We highlight the importance of expressing real-world physicochemical characteristics in representative MP models and outline how current state-of-the-art models are limited in this regard. To address this issue, we suggest future areas of research such as combinations of mechanical, photochemical, and thermal degradation processes to simulate real-world weathering, all in an effort to increase realism of plastic modeling and allow more robust and reliable environmental MP risk assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ethan Rubin
- Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Kumar Sarkar
- Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ines Zucker
- Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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5
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In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers by grafting for obtaining versatile antimicrobial materials. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nguyenova H, Vokata B, Zaruba K, Siegel J, Kolska Z, Svorcik V, Slepicka P, Reznickova A. Silver nanoparticles grafted onto PET: Effect of preparation method on antibacterial activity. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Grumezescu AM, Stoica AE, Dima-Bălcescu MȘ, Chircov C, Gharbia S, Baltă C, Roșu M, Herman H, Holban AM, Ficai A, Vasile BS, Andronescu E, Chifiriuc MC, Hermenean A. Electrospun Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanofibers Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles: Novel Approach in Anti-Infective Therapy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1039. [PMID: 31315266 PMCID: PMC6679131 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major pollutant polymer, due to its wide use in food packaging and fiber production industries worldwide. Currently, there is great interest for recycling the huge amount of PET-based materials, derived especially from the food and textile industries. In this study, we applied the electrospinning technique to obtain nanostructured fibrillary membranes based on PET materials. Subsequently, the recycled PET networks were decorated with silver nanoparticles through the chemical reduction method for antimicrobial applications. After the characterization of the materials in terms of crystallinity, chemical bonding, and morphology, the effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal strains, was investigated. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility tests were performed in order to open up potential biomedical applications, such as wound dressings or implant coatings. Silver-decorated fibers showed lower cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects and increased antibiofilm activity, thus highlighting the potential of these systems for antimicrobial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- ICUB, Research Institute of Bucharest University, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Elena Stoica
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cristina Chircov
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sami Gharbia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Cornel Baltă
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Marcel Roșu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Hildegard Herman
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- ICUB, Research Institute of Bucharest University, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania
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Vanitha Kumari G, Mathavan T, Srinivasan R, Jothirajan MA. The Influence of Physical properties on the Antibacterial Activity of Lysine Conjugated Chitosan Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Neděla O, Slepička P, Švorčík V. Surface Modification of Polymer Substrates for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1115. [PMID: 28934132 PMCID: PMC5666921 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
While polymers are widely utilized materials in the biomedical industry, they are rarely used in an unmodified state. Some kind of a surface treatment is often necessary to achieve properties suitable for specific applications. There are multiple methods of surface treatment, each with their own pros and cons, such as plasma and laser treatment, UV lamp modification, etching, grafting, metallization, ion sputtering and others. An appropriate treatment can change the physico-chemical properties of the surface of a polymer in a way that makes it attractive for a variety of biological compounds, or, on the contrary, makes the polymer exhibit antibacterial or cytotoxic properties, thus making the polymer usable in a variety of biomedical applications. This review examines four popular methods of polymer surface modification: laser treatment, ion implantation, plasma treatment and nanoparticle grafting. Surface treatment-induced changes of the physico-chemical properties, morphology, chemical composition and biocompatibility of a variety of polymer substrates are studied. Relevant biological methods are used to determine the influence of various surface treatments and grafting processes on the biocompatibility of the new surfaces-mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation is studied as well as other potential applications of the surface-treated polymer substrates in the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldřich Neděla
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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10
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Kang C, Kim SS, Ahn D, Kim SJ, Lee J. Effective surface attachment of Ag nanoparticles on fibers using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride and improvement of antimicrobial properties. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01636k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional m-aramid fibers with antimicrobial properties by reaction of glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride with silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chankyu Kang
- Ministry of Employment and Labor
- Major Industrial Accident Prevention Center
- Yeosu-si 59631
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Soo Kim
- Department of Textile Engineering and Technology
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Ahn
- Department of Textile Engineering and Technology
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Textile Engineering and Technology
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Textile Engineering and Technology
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan
- Republic of Korea
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Marchetti F, Palmucci J, Pettinari C, Pettinari R, Marangoni M, Ferraro S, Giovannetti R, Scuri S, Grappasonni I, Cocchioni M, Maldonado Hodar FJ, Gunnella R. Preparation of Polyethylene Composites Containing Silver(I) Acylpyrazolonato Additives and SAR Investigation of their Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29676-29687. [PMID: 27762551 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel composite materials PEn (n = 1-9) have been prepared by an easily up-scalable embedding procedure of three different families of Ag(I) acylpyrazolonato complexes in polyethylene (PE) matrix. In details, PE1-PE3 composites contain polynuclear [Ag(QR)]n complexes, PE4-PE6 contain mononuclear [Ag(QR)(L)m] complexes and PE7-PE9 are loaded with mononuclear [Ag(QR) (PPh3)2] complexes, respectively (where L = 1-methylimidazole or 2-ethylimidazole, m = 1 or 2, and HQR = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-RC(═O)-5-pyrazolone, where in detail HQfb, R = -CF2CF2CF3; HQcy, R = -cyclo-C6H11; HQbe, R = -C(H)═C(CH3)2). The PEn composites, prepared by using a 1:1000 w/w silver additive/polyethylene ratio, have been characterized in bulk by IR spectroscopy and TGA analyses, which confirmed that the properties of polyethylene matrix are essentially unchanged. AFM, SEM, and EDX surface techniques show that silver additives form agglomerates with dimensions 10-100 μm on the polyethylene surface, with a slight increment of surface roughness of pristine plastic within 50 nm. However, the elastic properties of the composites are essentially the same of PE. The antibacterial activity of all composites has been tested against three bacterial strains (E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus) and results show that two classes of composites, PE1-PE3 and PE4-PE6, display high and persistent bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity, comparable to PE embedded with AgNO3. By contrast, composites PE7-PE9 exhibit a reduced antibacterial action. Contact and release tests in several conditions for specific migration of Ag+ from plastics, indicate a very limited but time persistent release of silver ions from PE1-PE6 composites, thus suggesting that they are potential antibacterial materials for future applications. Instead, PE7-PE9 almost do not release silver, only trace levels of silver ions being detected, in accordance with their reduced antibacterial action. None of the composites is toxic against higher organisms, as confirmed by D. magna test of ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marchetti
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Section, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
- ICCOM, CNR 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Jessica Palmucci
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Section, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Claudio Pettinari
- ICCOM, CNR 62032 Camerino, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Section, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Riccardo Pettinari
- ICCOM, CNR 62032 Camerino, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Section, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Mirko Marangoni
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Section, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Stefano Ferraro
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Section, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Rita Giovannetti
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Section, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Stefania Scuri
- Research Centre for Hygienistic, Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino , Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Iolanda Grappasonni
- Research Centre for Hygienistic, Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino , Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Mario Cocchioni
- Research Centre for Hygienistic, Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino , Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | | | - Roberto Gunnella
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Section, University of Camerino , Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
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Fragal VH, Cellet TS, Pereira GM, Fragal EH, Costa MA, Nakamura CV, Asefa T, Rubira AF, Silva R. Covalently-layers of PVA and PAA and in situ formed Ag nanoparticles as versatile antimicrobial surfaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:329-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reznickova A, Siegel J, Slavikova N, Kolska Z, Staszek M, Svorcik V. Metal nanoparticles designed PET: Preparation, characterization and biological response. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Synthesis of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)–copper nanocomposite beads by in-situ suspension polymerization and deposition method – A comparative study. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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