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Kim BH, Chao W, Hadas E, Borjabad A, Potash MJ, Volsky DJ. EcoHIV Infection of Primary Murine Brain Cell Cultures to Model HIV Replication and Neuropathogenesis. Viruses 2024; 16:693. [PMID: 38793575 PMCID: PMC11125688 DOI: 10.3390/v16050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EcoHIV is a chimeric HIV that replicates in mice in CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and microglia (but not in neurons), causing lasting neurocognitive impairment resembling neurocognitive disease in people living with HIV. The present study was designed to develop EcoHIV-susceptible primary mouse brain cultures to investigate the indirect effects of HIV infection on neuronal integrity. RESULTS We used two EcoHIV clones encoding EGFP and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM), mixed mouse brain cells, or enriched mouse glial cells from two wild-type mouse strains to test EcoHIV replication efficiency, the identity of productively infected cells, and neuronal apoptosis and integrity. EcoHIV replicated efficiently in BMM. In mixed brain cell cultures, EcoHIV targeted microglia but did not cause neuronal apoptosis. Instead, the productive infection of the microglia activated them and impaired synaptophysin expression, dendritic density, and axonal structure in the neurons. EcoHIV replication in the microglia and neuronal structural changes during infection were prevented by culture with an antiretroviral. CONCLUSIONS In murine brain cell cultures, EcoHIV replication in the microglia is largely responsible for the aspects of neuronal dysfunction relevant to cognitive disease in infected mice and people living with HIV. These cultures provide a tool for further study of HIV neuropathogenesis and its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boe-Hyun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.-H.K.); (W.C.); (E.H.); (A.B.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Wei Chao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.-H.K.); (W.C.); (E.H.); (A.B.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Eran Hadas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.-H.K.); (W.C.); (E.H.); (A.B.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Alejandra Borjabad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.-H.K.); (W.C.); (E.H.); (A.B.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Mary Jane Potash
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.-H.K.); (W.C.); (E.H.); (A.B.); (M.J.P.)
| | - David J. Volsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.-H.K.); (W.C.); (E.H.); (A.B.); (M.J.P.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Valeriano A, Bondaug F, Ebardo I, Almonte P, Sabugaa MA, Bagnol JR, Latayada MJ, Macalalag JM, Paradero BD, Mayes M, Balanay M, Alguno A, Capangpangan R. Predicting cytotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles using regularized regression models: an in silico approach. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 34:591-604. [PMID: 37551411 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2242785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in various industries has demonstrated their effectiveness over the years. However, modifications to NPs' physicochemical properties can lead to toxicological effects. Therefore, understanding the toxicity behaviour of NPs is crucial. In this paper, regularized regression models, such as ridge, LASSO, and elastic net, were constructed to predict the cytotoxicity of various engineered NPs. The dataset utilized in this study was compiled from several journals published between 2010 and 2022. Data exploration revealed missing values, which were addressed through listwise deletion and kNN imputation, resulting in two complete datasets. The ridge, LASSO, and elastic net models achieved F1 scores ranging from 91.81% to 92.65% during internal validation and 92.89% to 93.63% during external validation on Dataset 1. On Dataset 2, the models attained F1 scores between 92.16% and 92.43% during internal validation and 92% and 92.6% during external validation. These results indicate that the developed models effectively generalize to unseen data and demonstrate high accuracy in classifying cytotoxicity levels. Furthermore, the cell type, material, cell source, cell tissue, synthesis method, and coat or functional group were identified as the most important descriptors by the three models across both datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valeriano
- Research on Environment and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Research Division, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Philippines
| | - F Bondaug
- Research on Environment and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Research Division, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Philippines
- Department of Science and Technology, Science Education Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - I Ebardo
- Research on Environment and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Research Division, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Philippines
- Department of Science and Technology, Science Education Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - P Almonte
- Research on Environment and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Research Division, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Philippines
| | - M A Sabugaa
- Research on Environment and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Research Division, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Philippines
| | - J R Bagnol
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Southeastern Philippines, Davao City, Philippines
| | - M J Latayada
- Department of Mathematics, Caraga State University, Butuan City, Philippines
| | - J M Macalalag
- Department of Mathematics, Caraga State University, Butuan City, Philippines
| | - B D Paradero
- Information, Communication and Technology Center, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Philippines
| | - M Mayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, NH, USA
| | - M Balanay
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - A Alguno
- Department of Physics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - R Capangpangan
- Research on Environment and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Research Division, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Philippines
- College of Marine and Allied Sciences, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Philippines
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Kim BH, Hadas E, Kelschenbach J, Chao W, Gu CJ, Potash MJ, Volsky DJ. CCL2 is required for initiation but not persistence of HIV infection mediated neurocognitive disease in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6577. [PMID: 37085605 PMCID: PMC10121554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV enters the brain within days of infection causing neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in up to half of infected people despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy. The virus is believed to enter the brain in infected monocytes through chemotaxis to the major monocyte chemokine, CCL2, but the roles of CCL2 in established NCI are not fully defined. We addressed this question during infection of conventional and CCL2 knockout mice with EcoHIV in which NCI can be verified in behavioral tests. EcoHIV enters mouse brain within 5 days of infection, but NCI develops gradually with established cognitive disease starting 25 days after infection. CCL2 knockout mice infected by intraperitoneal injection of virus failed to develop brain infection and NCI. However, when EcoHIV was directly injected into the brain, CCL2 knockout mice developed NCI. Knockout of CCL2 or its principal receptor, CCR2, slightly reduced macrophage infection in culture. Treatment of mice prior to and during EcoHIV infection with the CCL2 transcriptional inhibitor, bindarit, prevented brain infection and NCI and reduced macrophage infection. In contrast, bindarit treatment of mice 4 weeks after infection affected neither brain virus burden nor NCI. Based on these findings we propose that HIV enters the brain mainly through infected monocytes but that resident brain cells are sufficient to maintain NCI. These findings suggest that NCI therapy must act within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boe-Hyun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eran Hadas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer Kelschenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chao-Jiang Gu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mary Jane Potash
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Ha L, Yang B, Wang S, An Y, Wang H, Cui Y. Effect of Moxibustion on Behavioral Changes and Expression of APP and BACE1 in Hippocampus of SAMP8 Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:3598930. [PMID: 32855649 PMCID: PMC7443240 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3598930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of moxibustion on cognitive function of aging mice, to observe the effect of moxibustion on protein and gene expression of APP metabolism pathway, and to explore the mechanism of action in moxibustion. METHODS 24 SAMP8 were randomly divided into 2 groups (12 in each group): moxibustion group and model group. 12 SAMR1 mice were used as blank controls. Mice in the moxibustion group were treated with moxibustion for 8 weeks, 10 minutes each time, 5 times a week, and for a total of 8 weeks. The model group and the blank group were treated with sham-moxibustion. Behavior tests were used to detect the learning and memory ability of each group of mice. Immunohistochemical, western blot, and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of APP and BACE1. Furthermore, the expressions of miR-29 and miR-101 were observed by RT-PCR method to explore the mechanism of moxibustion at the genetic level. RESULTS In this study, relative to normal mice, we found that aging mice showed behavioral changes consistent with the onset of AD. However, moxibustion interventions were able to mitigate these effects to some degree in aging mice. In addition, moxibustion was proved to regulate APP metabolism pathway at protein and gene level through molecular biology tests. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the effect of moxibustion intervention on cognitive function in aging mice is related to the regulation of genes and proteins involved in APP metabolism pathway; this may be a potential target for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Ha
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shaosong Wang
- Beijing TCM Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu An
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingxue Cui
- Beijing TCM Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
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Cellular Prion Protein Combined with Galectin-3 and -6 Affects the Infectivity Titer of an Endogenous Retrovirus Assayed in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167293. [PMID: 27936017 PMCID: PMC5147886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are infectious and fatal neurodegenerative diseases which require the cellular prion protein, PrPC, for development of diseases. The current study shows that the PrPC augments infectivity and plaque formation of a mouse endogenous retrovirus, MuLV. We have established four neuronal cell lines expressing mouse PrPC, PrP+/+; two express wild type PrPC (MoPrPwild) and the other two express mutant PrPC (MoPrPmut). Infection of neuronal cells from various PrP+/+ and PrP-/- (MoPrPKO) lines with MuLV yielded at least three times as many plaques in PrP+/+ than in PrP-/-. Furthermore, among the four PrP+/+ lines, one mutant line, P101L, had at least 2.5 times as many plaques as the other three PrP+/+ lines. Plaques in P101L were four times larger than those in other PrP+/+ lines. Colocalization of PrP and CAgag was seen in MuLV-infected PrP+/+ cells. In the PrP-MuLV interaction, the involvement of galectin-3 and -6 was observed by immunoprecipitation with antibody to PrPC. These results suggest that PrPC combined with galectin-3 and -6 can act as a receptor for MuLV. P101L, the disease form of mutant PrPC results suggest the genetic mutant form of PrPC may be more susceptible to viral infection.
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Involvement of endogenous retroviruses in prion diseases. Pathogens 2013; 2:533-43. [PMID: 25437206 PMCID: PMC4235691 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For millions of years, vertebrates have been continuously exposed to infection by retroviruses. Ancient retroviral infection of germline cells resulted in the formation and accumulation of inherited retrovirus sequences in host genomes. These inherited retroviruses are referred to as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), and recent estimates have revealed that a significant portion of animal genomes is made up of ERVs. Although various host factors have suppressed ERV activation, both positive and negative functions have been reported for some ERVs in normal and abnormal physiological conditions, such as in disease states. Similar to other complex diseases, ERV activation has been observed in prion diseases, and this review will discuss the potential involvement of ERVs in prion diseases.
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Shimada A, Hasegawa-Ishii S. Senescence-accelerated Mice (SAMs) as a Model for Brain Aging and Immunosenescence. Aging Dis 2011; 2:414-435. [PMID: 22396891 PMCID: PMC3295080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Senescence-Accelerated Mouse (SAM) represents a group of inbred mouse strains developed as a model for the study of human aging and age-related diseases. Senescence-prone (SAMP) strains exhibit an early onset of age-related decline in the peripheral immunity such as thymic involution, loss of CD4(+) T cells, impaired helper T cell function, decreased antibody-forming capacity, dysfunction of antigen-presenting cells, decreased natural killer activity, increased auto-antibodies, and susceptibility to virus infection. Senescence-prone SAMP10 mice undergo age-related changes in the brain such as brain atrophy, shrinkage and loss of cortical neurons, retraction of cortical neuronal dendrites, loss of dendritic spines, loss of synapses, impaired learning and memory, depressive behavior, accumulation of neuronal DNA damage, neuronal ubiquitinated inclusions, reduced hippocampal cholinergic receptors, decreased neurotrophic factors, decreased hippocampal zinc and zinc transporters, increased sphyngomyelinase, and elevated oxidative-nitrative stress. Recent data indicating increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain of SAMP10 mice are directing investigators toward an integration of immune and neural abnormalities to enhance understanding of the principles of brain aging. We highlight how mouse brain cells adopt cytokine-mediated responses and how SAMP10 mice are defective in these responses. SAMP10 model would be useful to study how age-related disturbances in peripheral immunity have an impact on dysregulation of brain tissue homeostasis, resulting in age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuyoshi Shimada
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Atsuyoshi Shimada, Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan.
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