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Andersen CJ, Huang L, Zhai F, Esposito CP, Greco JM, Zhang R, Woodruff R, Sloan A, Van Dyke AR. Consumption of Different Egg-Based Diets Alters Clinical Metabolic and Hematological Parameters in Young, Healthy Men and Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:3747. [PMID: 37686779 PMCID: PMC10490185 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs-particularly egg yolks-are a rich source of bioactive nutrients and dietary compounds that influence metabolic health, lipid metabolism, immune function, and hematopoiesis. We investigated the effects of consuming an egg-free diet, three egg whites per day, and three whole eggs per day for 4 weeks on comprehensive clinical metabolic, immune, and hematologic profiles in young, healthy adults (18-35 y, BMI < 30 kg/m2 or <30% body fat for men and <40% body fat for women, n = 26) in a 16-week randomized, crossover intervention trial. We observed that average daily macro- and micronutrient intake significantly differed across egg diet periods, including greater intake of choline during the whole egg diet period, which corresponded to increased serum choline and betaine without altering trimethylamine N-oxide. Egg white and whole egg intake increased serum isoleucine while whole egg intake reduced serum glycine-markers of increased and decreased risk of insulin resistance, respectively-without altering other markers of glucose sensitivity or inflammation. Whole egg intake increased a subset of large HDL particles (H6P, 10.8 nm) and decreased the total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio and % monocytes in female participants using combined oral contraceptive (COC) medication (n = 11) as compared to female non-users (n = 10). Whole egg intake further increased blood hematocrit whereas egg white and whole egg intake reduced blood platelet counts. Changes in clinical immune cell counts between egg white and whole egg diet periods were negatively correlated with several HDL parameters yet positively correlated with measures of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and insulin sensitivity. Overall, the intake of whole eggs led to greater overall improvements in micronutrient diet quality, choline status, and HDL and hematologic profiles while minimally-yet potentially less adversely-affecting markers of insulin resistance as compared to egg whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Andersen
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Lindsey Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Fangyi Zhai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Christa Palancia Esposito
- Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing and Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA;
| | - Julia M. Greco
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Rachael Woodruff
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Allison Sloan
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Aaron R. Van Dyke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA;
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Serum ferritin levels are associated with frequent consumption of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods among women of childbearing age in Nandi County, Kenya. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e6. [PMID: 35291280 PMCID: PMC8889082 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on consumption patterns of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods and their influence on iron status among women of childbearing age (WCA) is scarce in Kenya despite iron deficiency being rampant. The present study investigated consumption patterns of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods on iron status among WCA in Kapsabet Ward, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design. A sample of 160 respondents was systematically selected proportionately in the eight villages. Consumption patterns of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods were assessed using a modified 7-d Food Frequency Questionnaire. Venous blood (2 ml) was drawn from participants. Serum ferritin and C-reactive proteins were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Consumption patterns of iron- and ascorbate-rich foods were analysed using descriptive statistics. Multivariable regression was conducted to investigate the association between iron- and ascorbate-rich foods consumption and iron status. Confounding variables such as consumption of foods high phytate levels, milk and milk products, recent major blood losses and parasitic infections were controlled for during analysis. The prevalence of iron deficiency among the WCA was 45⋅0 %. Iron-rich foods were rarely (<2 times/week) consumed by the respondents with the majority reporting infrequent consumption: meat (61⋅3 %), sardines (61⋅9 %), oranges (54⋅4 %) and fortified breakfast cereals (94⋅4 %), except for kale and beans. Iron- (iron-fortified porridge, meat, sardines, beans, amaranth and spider plants) and ascorbate- (oranges and mangoes) rich foods positively predicted (AOR = 4⋅851, P = 0⋅021) the normal iron status of WCA. WCA should consume above 2 intakes per week of each iron- and ascorbate-rich food for better iron status outcomes.
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Varikuti SR, Parasannavar DJ, Rajkumar H, Bhukya T, Satyanarayana U, Kumar M. The Role of Gene Variants in the Iron Metabolism of Anemic Adolescent Girls. Cureus 2021; 13:e20128. [PMID: 34877231 PMCID: PMC8641257 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and the role of genetic variants in determining the iron status in adolescent girls are not yet well-understood. This study aims to investigate the association of the rs602662, rs1049296, rs1805051, rs855791, rs224589, and rs11568350 genes with IDA and iron bio-status parameters. Methods This study consisted of 132 patients (IDA group) and 110 healthy controls. The genotype was analyzed through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results No differences were noted in the distribution of genotype and allele frequency single nucleotide polymorphism between the IDA and control group. In the IDA group, the GA carriers of rs602662 had a higher hemoglobin concentration (P=0.02) and packed cell volume (P=0.007), whereas transferrin saturation was increased in AA (P=0.02). The genetic variants rs1049296, rs1805051, rs224589, and rs855791 had a non-statistical significance on hematological parameters. Both the GT and TT carriers of the rs11568350 gene showed a low hemoglobin concentration (P=0.02 and <0.001) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in GT carrier (P=0.01), whereas the TT risk of this gene showed a decreased packed cell volume (P=0.01). In the control patients, no association was observed with serum iron and hematological parameters. Conclusion Of these genetic variants, the GG and GA genotype frequency in rs602662 and the GG, GT, and TT in rs11568350 were associated with low iron status in anemic patients compared to the control patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Reddy Varikuti
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Devaraj J Parasannavar
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Hemalatha Rajkumar
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Tulja Bhukya
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Uppala Satyanarayana
- Biochemistry Division, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, IND
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Dietary iron to total energy intake ratio and type 2 diabetes incidence in a longitudinal 12-year analysis of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Cohort Study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4453-4461. [PMID: 34085096 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent study found iron consumption has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Even though, high iron intake is correlated with total caloric intake, most studies have evaluated the individual effect of iron and total caloric intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iron intake, in conjunction with total energy intake, on developing T2DM. We also investigated the interactions between dietary iron and energy ratios (IERs) and iron-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the development of T2DM. METHODS The study was carried out in Ansan and Ansung, Korea, between March 2001 and December 2014. A total of 6413 participants (3073 men and 3340 women), aged 40-69 years, were enrolled in this study. The mean follow-up period was 8.4 years. The study population was divided into quartiles based on IERs with cut-off points at 4.54, 5.41, and 6.29. The odds ratios (ORs) for new-onset T2DM were calculated across each quartile of IERs and a random forest model was constructed using the default settings to predict new-onset T2DM. To confirm the interaction among IERs, SNPs, and the incidence of T2DM, we measured the predictive power of new-onset T2DM using IER and six SNPs in genes related to iron metabolism [rs855791 (TPMRSS6), rs38116479 (TF), rs1799852 (TF), rs2280673, rs1799945 (HFT), rs180562 (HFE)]. RESULTS The prevalence of T2DM was 762 (11.8%). IERs showed a positive association with T2DM. The ORs were 1.30 (95% CI 1.02-1.67), 1.20 (95% CI 0.94-1.56), and 1.43 (95% CI 1.11-1.86) across the IER quartiles after adjusting for non-dietary and dietary metabolic risk factors. When the IER was 1.89-fold higher than the reference group, the risk of developing T2DM increased by 43% (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.11-1.86). CONCLUSION A higher IER was positively associated with developing T2DM independent of dietary or non-dietary risk factors. We also found the possible interactions between the identified SNPs and iron intake in relations to T2DM.
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Jallow MW, Campino S, Prentice AM, Cerami C. Association of common TMPRSS6 and TF gene variants with hepcidin and iron status in healthy rural Gambians. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8075. [PMID: 33850216 PMCID: PMC8044158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies in Europeans and Asians have identified numerous variants in the transmembrane protease serine 6 (TMPRSS6) and transferrin (TF) genes that are associated with changes in iron status. We sought to investigate the effects of common TMPRSS6 and TF gene SNPs on iron status indicators in a cohort of healthy Africans from rural Gambia. We measured iron biomarkers and haematology traits on individuals participating in the Keneba Biobank with genotype data on TMPRSS6 (rs2235321, rs855791, rs4820268, rs2235324, rs2413450 and rs5756506) and TF (rs3811647 and rs1799852), n = 1316. After controlling for inflammation, age and sex, we analysed the effects of carrying either single or multiple iron-lowering alleles on iron status. TMPRSS6 rs2235321 significantly affected plasma hepcidin concentrations (AA genotypes having lower hepcidin levels; F ratio 3.7, P = 0.014) with greater impact in individuals with low haemoglobin or ferritin. No other TMPRSS6 variant affected hepcidin. None of the TMPRSS6 variants nor a TMPRSS6 allele risk score affected other iron biomarkers or haematological traits. TF rs3811647 AA carriers had 21% higher transferrin (F ratio 16.0, P < 0.0001), 24% higher unsaturated iron-binding capacity (F ratio 12.8, P < 0.0001) and 25% lower transferrin saturation (F ratio 4.3, P < 0.0001) compared to GG carriers. TF rs3811647 was strongly associated with transferrin, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) with a single allele effect of 8-12%. There was no association between either TF SNP and any haematological traits or iron biomarkers. We identified meaningful associations between TMPRSS6 rs2235321 and hepcidin and replicated the previous findings on the effects of TF rs3811647 on transferrin and iron binding capacity. However, the effects are subtle and contribute little to population variance. Further genetic and functional studies, including polymorphisms frequent in Africa populations, are needed to identify markers for genetically stratified approaches to prevention or treatment of iron deficiency anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momodou W Jallow
- Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Carla Cerami
- Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, P.O. Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia.
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Jallow MW, Campino S, Saidykhan A, Prentice AM, Cerami C. Common Variants in the TMPRSS6 Gene Alter Hepcidin but not Plasma Iron in Response to Oral Iron in Healthy Gambian Adults: A Recall-by-Genotype Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab014. [PMID: 33817543 PMCID: PMC7994066 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of genetic determinants in mediating iron status in Africans is not fully understood. Genome-wide association studies in non-African populations have revealed genetic variants in the transmembrane protease serine 6 gene (TMPRSS6) that are associated with the risk of anemia. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of risk alleles for low iron status, namely TMPRSS6 rs2235321, rs855791, and rs4820268, on responses to oral iron in healthy Gambian adults. METHODS Using a recall-by-genotype design, participants were selected from a pregenotype cohort of 3000 individuals in the Keneba Biobank (Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine). Participants were invited to participate in the study based on 9 genotype combinations obtained from 3 TMPRSS6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs2235321, rs855791, and rs4820268. The participants fasted overnight and then ingested a single oral dose of ferrous sulfate (130 mg elemental iron). Blood samples were collected prior to iron ingestion and at 2 and 5 h after the oral iron dose. The effects of genotype on hepcidin and plasma iron parameters were assessed. RESULTS A total of 251 individuals were enrolled. Homozygous carriers of the major TMPRSS6 alleles at each of the SNPs had higher plasma hepcidin at baseline (rs2235321: GG compared with AA = 9.50 compared with 6.60 ng/ml, P = 0.035; rs855791: GG compared with AG = 9.50 compared with 4.96 ng/mL, P = 0.015; rs4820268: AA compared with GG = 9.50 compared with 3.27 ng/mL, P = 0.002) and at subsequent timepoints. In most subjects, hepcidin concentrations increased following iron ingestion (overall group mean = 4.98 ± 0.98 ng/mL at 5 h, P < 0.001), but double heterozygotes at rs2235321 and rs855791 showed no increase (0.36 ± 0.40 ng/mL at 5 h, P = 0.667). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that common TMPRSS6 variants influence hepcidin concentrations, but not iron status indicators either at baseline or following a large oral dose of iron. These results suggest that genetic variations in the TMPRSS6 gene are unlikely to be important contributors to variations in iron status in Africans.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (# NCT03341338).
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Affiliation(s)
- Momodou W Jallow
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Campino
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasana Saidykhan
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Carla Cerami
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
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Peinado AB, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Romero-Parra N, Barba-Moreno L, Rael B, Maestre-Cascales C, Rojo-Tirado MA, Castro EA, Benito PJ, Ortega-Santos CP, Santiago E, Butragueño J, García-de-Alcaraz A, Rojo JJ, Calderón FJ, García-Bataller A, Cupeiro R. Methodological Approach of the Iron and Muscular Damage: Female Metabolism and Menstrual Cycle during Exercise Project (IronFEMME Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020735. [PMID: 33561085 PMCID: PMC7831010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Background: The increase in exercise levels in the last few years among professional and recreational female athletes has led to an increased scientific interest about sports health and performance in the female athlete population. The purpose of the IronFEMME Study described in this protocol article is to determine the influence of different hormonal profiles on iron metabolism in response to endurance exercise, and the main markers of muscle damage in response to resistance exercise; both in eumenorrheic, oral contraceptive (OC) users and postmenopausal well-trained women. Methods: This project is an observational controlled randomized counterbalanced study. One hundered and four (104) active and healthy women were selected to participate in the IronFEMME Study, 57 of which were eumenorrheic, 31 OC users and 16 postmenopausal. The project consisted of two sections carried out at the same time: iron metabolism (study I) and muscle damage (study II). For the study I, the exercise protocol consisted of an interval running test (eight bouts of 3 min at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed), whereas the study II protocol was an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (10 sets of 10 repetitions of plate-loaded barbell parallel back squats at 60% of their one repetition maximum (1RM) with 2 min of recovery between sets). In both studies, eumenorrheic participants were evaluated at three specific moments of the menstrual cycle: early-follicular phase, late-follicular phase and mid-luteal phase; OC users performed the trial at two moments: withdrawal phase and active pill phase. Lastly, postmenopausal women were only tested once, since their hormonal status does not fluctuate. The three-step method was used to verify the menstrual cycle phase: calendar counting, blood test confirmation, and urine-based ovulation kits. Blood samples were obtained to measure sex hormones, iron metabolism parameters, and muscle damage related markers. Discussion: IronFEMME Study has been designed to increase the knowledge regarding the influence of sex hormones on some aspects of the exercise-related female physiology. Iron metabolism and exercise-induced muscle damage will be studied considering the different reproductive status present throughout well-trained females’ lifespan. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04458662 on 2 July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Victor M. Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Barba-Moreno
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Maestre-Cascales
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 2850 Concepción, Chile
| | - Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Antonio García-de-Alcaraz
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Rojo
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Calderón
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Bataller
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.M.A.-M.); (N.R.-P.); (L.B.-M.); (B.R.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.R.-T.); (E.A.C.); (P.J.B.); (J.B.); (A.G.-d.-A.); (J.J.R.); (F.J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Jallow MW, Cerami C, Clark TG, Prentice AM, Campino S. Differences in the frequency of genetic variants associated with iron imbalance among global populations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235141. [PMID: 32609760 PMCID: PMC7329092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia is a major health problem affecting approximately 1.2 billion people worldwide. Young children, women of reproductive age and pregnant women living in sub-Saharan Africa are the most vulnerable. It is estimated that iron deficiency accounts for half of anaemia cases. Apart from nutritional deficiency, infection, inflammation and genetic factors are the major drivers of anaemia. However, the role of genetic risk factors has not been thoroughly investigated. This is particularly relevant in African populations, as they carry high genetic diversity and have a high prevalence of anaemia. Multiple genetic variations in iron regulatory genes have been linked to impaired iron status. Here we conducted a literature review to identify genetic variants associated with iron imbalance among global populations. We compare their allele frequencies and risk scores and we investigated population-specific selection among populations of varying geographic origin using data from the Keneba Biobank representing individuals in rural Gambia and the 1000 Genomes Project. We identified a significant lack of data on the genetic determinants of iron status in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the studies on genetic determinants of iron status have been conducted in Europeans. Also, we identified population differences in allele frequencies in candidate putative genetic risk factors. Given the disproportionately high genetic diversity in African populations coupled with their high prevalence of iron deficiency, there is need to investigate the genetic influences of low iron status in Sub-Saharan Africa. The resulting insights may inform the future implementation of iron intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momodou W. Jallow
- Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SC); (MWJ)
| | - Carla Cerami
- Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Taane G. Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- Nutrition Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SC); (MWJ)
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9
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Personalized Nutrition for Management of Micronutrient Deficiency-Literature Review in Non-bariatric Populations and Possible Utility in Bariatric Cohort. Obes Surg 2020; 30:3570-3582. [PMID: 32564308 PMCID: PMC7378102 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery can effectively treat morbid obesity; however, micronutrient deficiencies are common despite recommendations for high-dose supplements. Genetic predisposition to deficiencies underscores necessary identification of high-risk candidates. Personalized nutrition (PN) can be a tool to manage these deficiencies. Methods Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles involving genetic testing, micronutrient metabolism, and bariatric surgery were included. Results Studies show associations between genetic variants and micronutrient metabolism. Research demonstrates genetic testing to be a predictor for outcomes among obesity and bariatric surgery populations. There is limited research in bariatric surgery and micronutrient genetic variants. Conclusion Genotype-based PN is becoming feasible to provide an effective treatment of micronutrient deficiencies associated with bariatric surgery. The role of genomic technology in micronutrient recommendations needs further investigation.
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Fernandez-Jimenez MC, Moreno G, Wright I, Shih PC, Vaquero MP, Remacha AF. Iron Deficiency in Menstruating Adult Women: Much More than Anemia. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2020; 1:26-35. [PMID: 33786470 PMCID: PMC7784796 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is highly prevalent in women of child-bearing age. However, their nonhematological symptoms have been overlooked. This study aims to analyze the nonhematological features and symptoms of IDA in a group of women of reproductive age and the changes occurred during iron therapy. Materials and Methods: IDA women underwent dietary, physical activity, menstrual blood loss, and cognitive function assessment at baseline. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Executive attention was tested by the flanker task and working memory by the 2-back task. Oral iron therapy (ferrous sulfate) was given to 35 women for 8 weeks and the changes in iron status, biochemical markers, cognitive function, and nonhematological symptoms were evaluated. Results: Patients presented nonhematological symptoms: pica, 32.4%; cheilitis, 20.6%; restless legs syndrome (RLS), 20.6%; diffuse hair loss, 55.9%; and ungual alterations, 38.2%. Two or more symptoms were present in 58.8% of women. Serum iron and working memory were correlated at baseline. Multivariate analyses show associations (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) between pica and reaction time in the working memory test (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.19-3.87, p = 0.012); RLS with total serum protein (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.06-0.92, p = 0.043); and cheilitis with mean corpuscular hemoglobin (OR 0.388, 95% CI 0.189-0.799, p = 0.01). Pica, cheilitis, and RLS completely resolved with iron therapy, and ungual alterations and hair loss improved in 92.3% and 84.2% of women, respectively. Better performance in executive attention and working memory was observed after iron therapy. Conclusions: More attention should be given to the nonhematological manifestations of IDA to improve the quality of life of menstruating women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Moreno
- Hematology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ione Wright
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pei-Chun Shih
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Vaquero
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel F. Remacha
- Hematology Laboratory Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Blanco-Rojo R, Vaquero MP. Iron bioavailability from food fortification to precision nutrition. A review. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Batar B, Bavunoglu I, Hacioglu Y, Cengiz M, Mutlu T, Yavuzer S, Yavuzer H, Cuhadar Ercelebi D, Erhan D, Unal S, Tunckale A, Guven M. The role of TMPRSS6 gene variants in iron-related hematological parameters in Turkish patients with iron deficiency anemia. Gene 2018; 673:201-205. [PMID: 29928945 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
TMPRSS6 gene mutations can result in iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and cause an increased iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin, levels. TMPRSS6 encodes a serine protease, matriptase-2, which functions as negative regulatory protein of hepcidin transcription. Thus, TMPRSS6 variations might be risk factors for IDA. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of rs855791, rs4820268, rs5756506, rs2235324, rs2413450, rs2111833, rs228919, and rs733655 SNPs in TMPRSS6 gene with IDA susceptibility and iron-related clinical parameters. The study consisted of 150 IDA patients and 100 healthy controls. We analyzed the genotype distributions by using Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) technique. We did not find any statistically differences for all SNPs between patients and controls (P > 0.05). In IDA patients, variations rs855791 and rs2413450 were associated with increased RBC (P = 0.03) and TIBC (P = 0.04), respectively. Also, increased of TIBC for rs4820268 (P < 0.05). On the other hand, in control group, rs5756506 was associated with two parameters, Hb (P = 0.02) and Hct (P = 0.03). We did not find markedly hepcidin levels in IDA patients compared to controls (P = 0.32). Our findings suggest that TMPRSS6 variations may not be risk factors for IDA. However, TMPRSS6 polymorphisms are associated with increased many iron-related hematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadir Batar
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty of Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Isil Bavunoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Hacioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahir Cengiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Mutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Yavuzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yavuzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Cuhadar Ercelebi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Erhan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Unal
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydin Tunckale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Guven
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Baeza-Richer C, Arroyo-Pardo E, Blanco-Rojo R, Toxqui L, Remacha A, Vaquero MP, López-Parra AM. Genetic contribution to iron status: SNPs related to iron deficiency anaemia and fine mapping of CACNA2D3 calcium channel subunit. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Athiyarath R, Shaktivel K, Abraham V, Singh D, Bondu JD, Chapla A, George B, Srivastava A, Edison ES. Association of genetic variants with response to iron supplements in pregnancy. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:474. [PMID: 26024779 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is high in India where iron supplementation is a regular practice. The response to oral iron is influenced by several factors such as age, body mass index, gravida, socioeconomic status, food, vitamin deficiency and compliance to supplements. The major challenge is to understand the various modulators of iron status in this high-risk group so that we can improve the diagnosis and the management of these patients. The current study was designed to evaluate the iron status during pregnancy and to identify factors which might be influencing their response to oral iron. We investigated a total of 181 pregnant women with anemia (Hb < 11 g/dl) and evaluated the impact of probable factors on anemia and their iron status. Assessment of the response was based on hemoglobin and serum ferritin or transferrin saturation level after 8 and 20 weeks of iron supplementation. Socioeconomic, clinical, hematological, biochemical and genetic factors were all evaluated. Molecular analysis revealed that HFE variant allele (G) (rs1799945) was significantly associated with an adequate response to iron supplementation. We identified five subjects with a sustained poor response, and targeted re-sequencing of eleven iron-related genes was performed in them. We have identified seven novel variants in them, and in silico analysis suggested that these variants may have an iron regulatory effect. Taken together, our findings underscore the association of genetic variants with response to supplements in pregnancy, and they can be extended to other diseases where anemia and iron deficiency coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Athiyarath
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
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15
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Gichohi-Wainaina WN, Melse-Boonstra A, Swinkels DW, Zimmermann MB, Feskens EJ, Towers GW. Common Variants and Haplotypes in the TF, TNF-α, and TMPRSS6 Genes Are Associated with Iron Status in a Female Black South African Population. J Nutr 2015; 145:945-53. [PMID: 25809685 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.209148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with iron status in European and Asian populations, have the same relation within the African population. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations of reported SNPs with iron markers in a South African cohort. METHODS Hemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin (SF) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations, and body iron (BI) stores were measured in women (n = 686; range, 32-86 y) who were part of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study. Thirty-two SNPs in 12 genes were selected based on existing genome-wide association study data. RESULTS In the transferrin (TF) gene, SF and BI were significantly lower in the heterozygote genotype (AG) of reference SNP (rs) 1799852 (P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively) and sTfR concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.004) than the homozygote minor allele genotype (AA), whereas transferrin receptor and BI concentrations were significantly lower in the heterozygote genotype (AG) of rs3811647 (both P = 0.03) than the homozygote wild-type (AA) and minor allele groups (GG). The chromosome 6 allele combination (AAA) consisting of rs1799964 and rs1800629 both in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and rs2071592 in nuclear factor κB inhibitor-like protein 1 (NFKBIL1) was associated with higher odds for low SF concentrations (SF < 15 μg/L; OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.79) than the allele combinations AGA, GGT, and AGT. The chromosome 22 allele combination (GG) consisting of rs228918 and rs228921 in the transmembrane protease serine 6 (TMPRSS6) gene was associated with lower odds for increased sTfR concentrations (sTfR > 8.3mg/L; OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.98) than the allele combination AA. CONCLUSIONS Various SNPs and allele combinations in the TF, TNF-α, and TMPRSS6 genes are associated with iron status in black South African women; however, these association patterns are different compared with European ancestry populations. This stresses the need for population-specific genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alida Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- The Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine, and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Edith J Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Wayne Towers
- Center of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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16
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Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: a hypothesis. Nutrients 2015; 7:2324-44. [PMID: 25849944 PMCID: PMC4425147 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential in oxygen transport and participates in many enzymatic systems in the body, with important roles in collagen synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. The relationship between iron and bone health comes from clinical observations in iron overload patients who suffered bone loss. The opposite scenario—whether iron deficiency, with or without anemia, affects bone metabolism—has not been fully addressed. This is of great interest, as this nutrient deficiency is a worldwide public health problem and at the same time osteoporosis and bone alterations are highly prevalent. This review presents current knowledge on nutritional iron deficiency and bone remodeling, the biomarkers to evaluate iron status and bone formation and resorption, and the link between iron and bone metabolism. Finally, it is hypothesized that chronic iron deficiency induces bone resorption and risk of osteoporosis, thus complete recovery from anemia and its prevention should be promoted in order to improve quality of life including bone health. Several mechanisms are suggested; hence, further investigation on the possible impact of chronic iron deficiency on the development of osteoporosis is needed.
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17
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Inter-ethnic differences in genetic variants within the transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6) gene associated with iron status indicators: a systematic review with meta-analyses. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 10:442. [PMID: 25416640 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6), is likely to be involved in iron metabolism through its pleiotropic effect on hepcidin concentrations. Recently, genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in the TMPRSS6 gene to be linked to anaemia and low iron status. To get a more precise evaluation of identified TMPRSS6 single nucleotide polymorphism associations with iron status in cohorts of differing continental ancestry, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analyses. We searched the literature using HuGE Navigator, Pubmed and Scopus databases for primarily genome-wide association studies using TMPRSS6 as a free term. Fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to obtain summary estimates of associations. Eleven studies comprised Caucasian populations, four included an Asian population and one study included an African-American population. Differences in minor allele frequencies of 8 TMPRSS6 SNPs (rs855791, rs4820268, rs2111833, rs1421312, rs228921, rs228918, rs228919 and rs575620) across ethnic groups were observed, with the MAF of rs855791 significantly higher in Asian populations than in Caucasians (0.55 vs 0.42, P < 0.0001). In the meta-analysis, the A allele of rs855791 was associated with lower Hb and ferritin concentrations in all populations. This allele was also associated with increased serum transferrin receptor and transferrin concentrations. We observed similar associations for the G allele in rs4820268. Clear disparities in associations were found for the African-American population, although not statistically significant. Associations between TMPRSS6 SNPs and anaemia are consistent across Caucasian and Asian populations. This study highlights the need to conduct studies in African populations where iron deficiency is of utmost public health significance.
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18
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Beck KL, Conlon CA, Kruger R, Coad J. Dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency for young women living in industrialized countries: a review. Nutrients 2014; 6:3747-76. [PMID: 25244367 PMCID: PMC4179187 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a concern in both developing and developed (industrialized) countries; and young women are particularly vulnerable. This review investigates dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency in young women living in industrialized countries. Dietary factors including ascorbic acid and an elusive factor in animal protein foods (meat; fish and poultry) enhance iron absorption; while phytic acid; soy protein; calcium and polyphenols inhibit iron absorption. However; the effects of these dietary factors on iron absorption do not necessarily translate into an association with iron status and iron stores (serum ferritin concentration). In cross-sectional studies; only meat intake has consistently (positively) been associated with higher serum ferritin concentrations. The enhancing effects of ascorbic acid and meat on iron absorption may be negated by the simultaneous consumption of foods and nutrients which are inhibitory. Recent cross-sectional studies have considered the combination and timing of foods consumed; with mixed results. Dietary interventions using a range of focused dietary measures to improve iron status appear to be more effective than dietary approaches that focus on single nutrients or foods. Further research is needed to determine optimal dietary recommendations for both the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Beck
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Cathryn A Conlon
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Coad
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
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Toxqui L, Pérez-Granados AM, Blanco-Rojo R, Wright I, Vaquero MP. A simple and feasible questionnaire to estimate menstrual blood loss: relationship with hematological and gynecological parameters in young women. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:71. [PMID: 24886470 PMCID: PMC4046034 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Menstrual blood loss (MBL) has been shown to be an important determinant in iron status, work performance and well-being. Several methods have been developed to estimate MBL, the standard quantitative method however has limited application in clinical practice as it is expensive and requires women to collect, store and submit their sanitary products for analysis. We therefore aimed to develop a MBL-score based on a questionnaire, and to validate it by several hematological and biochemical parameters in women of childbearing age. Methods A total of 165 healthy young women were recruited. Hematological (hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte, leucocyte and platelet counts) and iron status (serum iron, serum ferritin, serum transferrin, and total iron binding capacity) parameters were analyzed at baseline. Women were asked to fulfill two gynecological questionnaires: a general questionnaire, to inform about the volunteer’s general menstrual characteristics; and a MBL questionnaire, to provide details of the duration of menstruation, number of heavy blood loss days, and number and type of pads and/or tampons used during the heaviest bleeding day, for all consecutive menstrual periods during 16 weeks. A MBL-score was calculated for each period and women, and its reliability determined by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Pearson’s linear correlation tests were performed between blood parameters and the MBL-score. Two clusters were formed according the MBL-score (cluster 1: low MBL and cluster 2: high MBL). Results Significant higher MBL-score was observed in women who reported having a history of anemia (p = 0.015), staining the bed at night during menstruation (p < 0.001) and suffering inter-menstrual blood loss (p = 0.044), compared to those who did not. Women who used hormonal contraceptives presented lower MBL-scores than the others (p = 0.004). The MBL-score was negatively associated with log-ferritin (p = 0.006) and platelet count (p = 0.011). Women in cluster 1 presented higher ferritin (p = 0.043) than women in cluster 2. Conclusions We developed an easy and practical method for estimating menstrual blood loss based on a score calculated from a questionnaire in healthy women at childbearing age. The MBL-score is highly reliable and reflects menstrual blood loss validated by hematological and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M Pilar Vaquero
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Blanco-Rojo R, Toxqui L, López-Parra AM, Baeza-Richer C, Pérez-Granados AM, Arroyo-Pardo E, Vaquero MP. Influence of diet, menstruation and genetic factors on iron status: a cross-sectional study in Spanish women of childbearing age. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4077-87. [PMID: 24663082 PMCID: PMC3975385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the combined influence of diet, menstruation and genetic factors on iron status in Spanish menstruating women (n = 142). Dietary intake was assessed by a 72-h detailed dietary report and menstrual blood loss by a questionnaire, to determine a Menstrual Blood Loss Coefficient (MBLC). Five selected SNPs were genotyped: rs3811647, rs1799852 (Tf gene); rs1375515 (CACNA2D3 gene); and rs1800562 and rs1799945 (HFE gene, mutations C282Y and H63D, respectively). Iron biomarkers were determined and cluster analysis was performed. Differences among clusters in dietary intake, menstrual blood loss parameters and genotype frequencies distribution were studied. A categorical regression was performed to identify factors associated with cluster belonging. Three clusters were identified: women with poor iron status close to developing iron deficiency anemia (Cluster 1, n = 26); women with mild iron deficiency (Cluster 2, n = 59) and women with normal iron status (Cluster 3, n = 57). Three independent factors, red meat consumption, MBLC and mutation C282Y, were included in the model that better explained cluster belonging (R2 = 0.142, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the combination of high red meat consumption, low menstrual blood loss and the HFE C282Y mutation may protect from iron deficiency in women of childbearing age. These findings could be useful to implement adequate strategies to prevent iron deficiency anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Laura Toxqui
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Ana M López-Parra
- Department of Toxicology and Health Legislation, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Carlos Baeza-Richer
- Department of Toxicology and Health Legislation, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Ana M Pérez-Granados
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Arroyo-Pardo
- Department of Toxicology and Health Legislation, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - M Pilar Vaquero
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Both dietary and nondietary factors contribute to iron deficiency, the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. Identifying dietary factors associated with iron deficiency is challenging due to the number of components in food affecting iron absorption. This review describes recent advances in dietary approaches to assessing iron-related nutrition. RECENT FINDINGS Most research investigating the relationship between dietary intake and iron deficiency has focussed on individual foods and nutrients, despite several components in foods influencing iron absorption. More recently, studies have considered the overall diet and combinations of foods eaten, through the analysis of dietary patterns and practices. This includes the development and validation of dietary assessment tools to assess iron-related dietary patterns. SUMMARY Dietary pattern analysis which considers the whole diet and combinations of foods eaten may enhance our understanding of how diet impacts on iron deficiency. The analysis of dietary patterns offers an alternative and complementary approach to the traditional focus on individual foods and nutrients when investigating dietary factors associated with iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Beck
- aInstitute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, North Shore City bDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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22
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Rhodes SL, Buchanan DD, Ahmed I, Taylor KD, Loriot MA, Sinsheimer JS, Bronstein JM, Elbaz A, Mellick GD, Rotter JI, Ritz B. Pooled analysis of iron-related genes in Parkinson's disease: association with transferrin. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 62:172-8. [PMID: 24121126 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologic features of Parkinson's disease (PD) include death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, presence of α-synuclein containing Lewy bodies, and iron accumulation in PD-related brain regions. The observed iron accumulation may be contributing to PD etiology but it also may be a byproduct of cell death or cellular dysfunction. To elucidate the possible role of iron accumulation in PD, we investigated genetic variation in 16 genes related to iron homeostasis in three case-control studies from the United States, Australia, and France. After screening 90 haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the genes of interest in the US study population, we investigated the five most promising gene regions in two additional independent case-control studies. For the pooled data set (1289 cases, 1391 controls) we observed a protective association (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.96) between PD and a haplotype composed of the A allele at rs1880669 and the T allele at rs1049296 in transferrin (TF; GeneID: 7018). Additionally, we observed a suggestive protective association (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.74-1.02) between PD and a haplotype composed of the G allele at rs10247962 and the A allele at rs4434553 in transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2; GeneID: 7036). We observed no associations in our pooled sample for haplotypes in SLC40A1, CYB561, or HFE. Taken together with previous findings in model systems, our results suggest that TF or a TF-TFR2 complex may have a role in the etiology of PD, possibly through iron misregulation or mitochondrial dysfunction within dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Rhodes
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Australia
| | - Ismaïl Ahmed
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Biostatistics team, INSERM U1018, F-94276 le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94276 le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson, Bldg E5, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Marie-Anne Loriot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR-S 775, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, Unité Fonctionnelle de Pharmacogénétique et Oncologie Moléculaire, France
| | - Janet S Sinsheimer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Box 708822, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088, USA; Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951766, Room 5303 Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1766, USA; Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Social and Occupational Determinants of Health, INSERM U1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France; Univ Versailles St-Quentin, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif France
| | - George D Mellick
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson, Bldg E5, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
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23
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Blanco-Rojo R, Pérez-Granados AM, Toxqui L, Zazo P, de la Piedra C, Vaquero MP. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency, bone remodelling and iron status in iron-deficient young women consuming an iron-fortified food. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:695-703. [PMID: 22618893 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron and vitamin D deficiencies are two of the most widespread nutritional disorders in the world. Our aim was to know whether the consumption of an iron-fortified fruit juice modifies bone remodelling and the possible influence of baseline vitamin D status on the recovery of iron status in a group of iron-deficient women. METHODS Iron biomarkers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and dietary intake were measured in 123 iron-deficient menstruating women. A subgroup (n = 41) participated in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of 16-weeks during winter. They consumed a placebo fruit juice (P) or iron-fortified fruit juice (F). Dietary intake, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathormone (PTH), bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aminoterminal telopeptide of collagen I (NTX) and iron biomarkers were determined. RESULTS Ninety-two per cent of the iron-deficient women were vitamin D deficient or insufficient. Transferrin saturation and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were positively correlated. Iron status improved in F, 25-hydroxyvitamin D decreased in F and P, and PTH, ALP and NTX levels were within the normal range and did not vary. Women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 50 nmol/L compared with 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L showed a higher increase in transferrin saturation (a marker of iron supply to tissues) during iron recovery. CONCLUSION The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is very high in iron-deficient women. The recovery of iron status by consuming an iron-fortified food does not affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels; however, the increase in iron supply to tissues is lower if the women also present vitamin D deficiency. Although bone health does not seem to be affected in this group of women, correction of iron and vitamin D deficiencies should be promoted in young women to improve present and future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Sørensen E, Grau K, Berg T, Simonsen AC, Magnussen K, Erikstrup C, Hansen MB, Ullum H. A genetic risk factor for low serum ferritin levels in Danish blood donors. Transfusion 2012; 52:2585-9. [PMID: 22486183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is a frequent side effect of blood donation. In recent years, several studies have described genetic variants associated with iron concentrations. However, the impact of these variants on iron levels is unknown in blood donors. Knowledge of genetic variants that predispose donors to iron deficiency would allow bleeding frequency and iron supplementation to be tailored to the individual donor. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The genotypes of five specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three genes that have been previously associated with iron status and/or restless leg syndrome (RLS) were investigated in two groups of female blood donors. The first group had low iron stores (serum ferritin ≤ 12 µg/L, n = 657), and the second group had normal to high iron stores (serum ferritin > 30 µg/L, n = 645). Genotype distribution for each of the SNPs was compared between the two groups. RESULTS Homozygosity for the T-allele of BTBD9 rs9296249 was associated with lower serum ferritin. The odds ratio for low serum ferritin was 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.77; p = 0.03) when comparing donors with the TT genotype with donors with the CT genotype. CONCLUSION A frequent polymorphism in BTBD9 was significantly associated with serum ferritin. This polymorphism has previously been associated with RLS, but not low iron stores in blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
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