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Liu P, Ding P, Sun C, Chen S, Lowe S, Meng L, Zhao Q. Lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer: function and mechanism. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:405. [PMID: 37803421 PMCID: PMC10559534 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased lymphangiogenesis and lymph node (LN) metastasis are thought to be important steps in cancer metastasis, and are associated with patient's poor prognosis. There is increasing evidence that the lymphatic system may play a crucial role in regulating tumor immune response and limiting tumor metastasis, since tumor lymphangiogenesis is more prominent in tumor metastasis and diffusion. Lymphangiogenesis takes place in embryonic development, wound healing, and a variety of pathological conditions, including tumors. Tumor cells and tumor microenvironment cells generate growth factors (such as lymphangiogenesis factor VEGF-C/D), which can promote lymphangiogenesis, thereby inducing the metastasis and diffusion of tumor cells. Nevertheless, the current research on lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer is relatively scattered and lacks a comprehensive understanding. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide a detailed perspective on molecules and signal transduction pathways that regulate gastric cancer lymphogenesis, which may provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Liu
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Ping'an Ding
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - Shuya Chen
- Newham University Hospital, Glen Road, Plaistow, London, E13 8SL, England, UK
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Lingjiao Meng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
- Research Center of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - Qun Zhao
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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Regulation of pleiotropic physiological roles of nitric oxide signaling. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110496. [PMID: 36252791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a highly diffusible, ubiquitous signaling molecule and a free radical that is naturally synthesized by our body. The pleiotropic effects of NO in biological systems are due to its reactivity with different molecules, such as molecular oxygen (O2), superoxide anion, DNA, lipids, and proteins. There are several contradictory findings in the literature pertaining to its role in oncology. NO is a Janus-faced molecule shown to have both tumor promoting and tumoricidal effects, which depend on its concentration, duration of exposure, and location. A high concentration is shown to have cytotoxic effects by triggering apoptosis, and at a low concentration, NO promotes angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor progression. Upregulated NO synthesis has been implicated as a causal factor in several pathophysiological conditions including cancer. This dichotomous effect makes it highly challenging to discover its true potential in cancer biology. Understanding the mechanisms by which NO acts in different cancers helps to develop NO based therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. This review addresses the physiological role of this molecule, with a focus on its bimodal action in various types of cancers.
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Pasha A, Kumbhakar DV, Doneti R, Kumar K, Dharmapuri G, Poleboyina PK, S. K. H, Basavaraju P, Pasumarthi D, S. D. A, Soujanya P, Arnold Emeson I, Bodiga V, Pawar SC. Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) by Andrographolide and In Vitro Evaluation of Its Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects on Cervical Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6692628. [PMID: 33815659 PMCID: PMC8010528 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work is aimed at investigating the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cervical cancer and identifying a potential iNOS inhibitor. The data mining studies performed advocated iNOS to be a promising biomarker for cancer prognosis, as it is highly overexpressed in several malignant cancers. The elevated iNOS was found to be associated with poor survival and increased tumor aggressiveness in cervical cancer. Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR investigations of iNOS showed significant upregulation of endogenous iNOS expression in the cervical tumor samples, thus making iNOS a potent target for decreasing tumor inflammation and aggressiveness. Andrographolide, a plant-derived diterpenoid lactone, is widely reported to be effective against infections and inflammation, causing no adverse side effects on humans. In the current study, we investigated the effect of andrographolide on the prognostic value of iNOS expression in cervical cancer, which has not been reported previously. The binding efficacy of andrographolide was analyzed by performing molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. Multiple parameters were used to analyze the simulation trajectory, like root mean square deviation (RMSD), torsional degree of freedom, protein-root mean square fluctuations (P-RMSF), ligand RMSF, total number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, secondary structure elements (SSE) of the protein, and protein complex with the time-dependent functions of MDS. Ligand-protein interactions revealed binding efficacy of andrographolide with tryptophan amino acid of iNOS protein. Cancer cell proliferation, cell migration, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis-mediated cell death were assessed in vitro, post iNOS inhibition induced by andrographolide treatment (demonstrated by Western blot). Results. Andrographolide exhibited cytotoxicity by inhibiting the in vitro proliferation of cervical cancer cells and also abrogated the cancer cell migration. A significant increase in apoptosis was observed with increasing andrographolide concentration, and it also induced cell cycle arrest at G1-S phase transition. Our results substantiate that andrographolide significantly inhibits iNOS expression and exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Pasha
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Divya Vishambhar Kumbhakar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Ravinder Doneti
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Gangappa Dharmapuri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046 Telangana, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Poleboyina
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Heena S. K.
- Department of Pathology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, 500095 Telangana, India
| | - Preethi Basavaraju
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepthi Pasumarthi
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Annapurna S. D.
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Pavani Soujanya
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana, India
| | - I. Arnold Emeson
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Vijayalaxmi Bodiga
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana, India
| | - Smita C. Pawar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
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Wang H, Li QF, Chow HY, Choi SC, Leung YC. Arginine deprivation inhibits pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion and EMT via the down regulation of Snail, Slug, Twist, and MMP1/9. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 76:73-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Souza LS, Puziol LC, Tosta CL, Bittencourt MLF, Ardisson JS, Kitagawa RR, Filgueiras PR, Kuster RM. Analytical methods to access the chemical composition of an Euphorbia tirucalli anticancer latex from traditional Brazilian medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:255-265. [PMID: 30928500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia tirucalli L. is widely used by Brazilian folk medicine, mainly for its anticancer activity. However, its commercialization was banned by The Brazilian National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) due to the presence of some compounds considered toxic, such as the diterpene esters. AIM OF THE STUDY Chemical and biological analyses were performed with the Brazilian Euphorbia tirucalli latex to support its wide traditional use in Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS Latex was collected by using two procedures, in a solution of dichloromethane: methanol (3:1, 100 mL) and in 100 mL of distilled water. The first procedure was concentrated as a crude extract and the second one was partitioned with hexane and dichloromethane. The partitions and crude extract were subjected to phytochemical analyses using three different methods: Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with electrospray ionization sources in negative mode (ESI(-)) as well as in tandem mass spectrometry ESI(-) MS/MS and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization in positive mode (APCI(+)), Gas Chromatography coupled Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). The cytotoxic potential was evaluated using the crude extract in macrophages RAW 264.7 and Gastric Adenocarcinoma (AGS) cancer cells. The evaluation of immunomodulatory activity was made through the detection of Nitric Oxide (NO) and cytokines as Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). RESULTS GC-MS showed the presence of some esters of fatty acids, for instance myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid and, mainly, triterpenes such as euphol and tirucallol. With NMR, most of the signals were related to triterpenoids euphol and tirucallol. However, when the latex was analyzed with ESI(-) FT-ICR MS, a wide variety of molecules from different classes of natural products (fatty acids, diterpenes, triterpenes, steroids) were found. On the other hand, when APCI(+)FT-ICR MS was used, the ion M+. At ratio mass-charge (m/z) 426.38567, related to triterpenes euphol and tirucallol masses, presented the most intense peak, with a mass error of -0.11, indicating high accuracy. Diterpene esters from 4-deoxyphorbol and ingenol were identified only by ESI(-)FT-ICR MS and ESI(-)FT-ICR MS/MS. When evaluated biologically, the crude latex showed immunomodulatory activity, as it reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and NO, and the effect on NO reduction was more significant, obtaining in a similar result to the N(ω)-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) standards, as well as significant cytotoxic activity with half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 69.43 ± 1.29 μg/mL against AGS without damaging healthy ones. CONCLUSION It was verified that the Brazilian Euphorbia tirucalli latex consists mainly of the triterpenes euphol and tirucallol, which may be the main cause of the anticancer activity attributed to the plant, but many other minor compounds could have been determined by the FT-ICR MS method, such as the diterpene esters. It has antitumor potential because it acts selectively against cancer cells and it also prevents the progression of tumors, because it carries an important immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Silva de Souza
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Letícia C Puziol
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Luz Tosta
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Milena L F Bittencourt
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29047-105, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Santa Ardisson
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29047-105, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Kitagawa
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29047-105, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Roberto Filgueiras
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Machado Kuster
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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de Jesus Souza M, de Moraes JA, Da Silva VN, Helal-Neto E, Uberti AF, Scopel-Guerra A, Olivera-Severo D, Carlini CR, Barja-Fidalgo C. Helicobacter pylori urease induces pro-inflammatory effects and differentiation of human endothelial cells: Cellular and molecular mechanism. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12573. [PMID: 30907046 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori urease (HPU) is a key virulence factor that enables bacteria to colonize and survive in the stomach. We early demonstrated that HPU, independent of its catalytic activity, induced inflammatory and angiogenic responses in vivo and directly activated human neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have investigated the effects of HPU on endothelial cells, focusing on the signaling mechanism involved. METHODS Monolayers of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were stimulated with HPU (up to 10 nmol/L): Paracellular permeability was accessed through dextran-FITC passage. NO and ROS production was evaluated using intracellular probes. Proteins or mRNA expressions were detected by Western blotting and fluorescence microscopy or qPCR assays, respectively. RESULTS Treatment with HPU enhanced paracellular permeability of HMEC-1, preceded by VE-cadherin phosphorylation and its dissociation from cell-cell junctions. This caused profound alterations in actin cytoskeleton dynamics and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation. HPU triggered ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production by endothelial cells. Increased intracellular ROS resulted in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and upregulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Higher ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression was associated with increased neutrophil adhesion on HPU-stimulated HMEC monolayers. The effects of HPU on endothelial cells were dependent on ROS production and lipoxygenase pathway activation, being inhibited by esculetin. Additionally, HPU improved vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) expression. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the pro-inflammatory properties of HPU drive endothelial cell to a ROS-dependent program of differentiation that contributes to the progression of H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele de Jesus Souza
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Alfredo de Moraes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Redox Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vany Nascimento Da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edward Helal-Neto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Augusto Frantz Uberti
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute (BRAINS-InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriele Scopel-Guerra
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Deiber Olivera-Severo
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Célia R Carlini
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute (BRAINS-InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cote B, Rao D, Alany RG, Kwon GS, Alani AW. Lymphatic changes in cancer and drug delivery to the lymphatics in solid tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:16-34. [PMID: 31461662 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although many solid tumors use the lymphatic system to metastasize, there are few treatment options that directly target cancer present in the lymphatic system, and those that do are highly invasive, uncomfortable, and/or have limitations. In this review we provide a brief overview of lymphatic function and anatomy, discusses changes that befall the lymphatics in cancer and the mechanisms by which these changes occur, and highlight limitations of lymphatic drug delivery. We then go on to summarize relevant techniques and new research for targeting cancer populations in the lymphatics and enhancing drug delivery intralymphatically, including intralymphatic injections, isolated limb perfusion, passive nano drug delivery systems, and actively targeted nanomedicine.
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de Oliveira GA, Cheng RYS, Ridnour LA, Basudhar D, Somasundaram V, McVicar DW, Monteiro HP, Wink DA. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Carcinogenesis of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:1059-1077. [PMID: 27494631 PMCID: PMC5488308 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer taken together constitutes one of the most common cancers worldwide with a broad range of etiological mechanisms. In this review, we have examined the impact of nitric oxide (NO) on the etiology of colon, colorectal, gastric, esophageal, and liver cancers. Recent Advances: Despite differences in etiology, initiation, and progression, chronic inflammation has been shown to be a common element within these cancers showing interactions of numerous pathways. NO generated at the inflammatory site contributes to the initiation and progression of disease. The amount of NO generated, time, and site vary and are an important determinant of the biological effects initiated. Among the nitric oxide synthase enzymes, the inducible isoform has the most diverse range, participating in numerous carcinogenic processes. There is emerging evidence showing that inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) plays a central role in the process of tumor initiation and/or development. CRITICAL ISSUES Redox inflammation through NOS2 and cyclooxygenase-2 participates in driving the mechanisms of initiation and progression in GI cancers. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the underlying mechanism involved in NOS2 activation can provide new insights into important prevention and treatment strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 1059-1077.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciele Almeida de Oliveira
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert Y S Cheng
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Debashree Basudhar
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Veena Somasundaram
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hugo Pequeno Monteiro
- 2 Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David A Wink
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
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Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is an important event in the progress of metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this article is to assess the role of lymphangiogenesis on CRC. In peritumoral areas of CRC, the lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) is higher than those in normal colorectal tissues. Morever, the high LMVD is correlated with DFS and local recurrence in CRC. The VEGF-C/VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 pathway, sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM) are involved in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis in CRC. Inhibition of the VEGF-C/VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 pathway by specific antibodies has been reported to efficiently inhibit experimental tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in animal experiments. Although lymphangiogenesis has been reported to play an important role in the occurrence of colon cancer and to be associated with prognosis, it remains unclear whether it is a valid therapeutic target molecule. Further study of the potential of targeting this process for anti-lymphatic therapies is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciyou Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China. E-mail.
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Samadi AK, Bilsland A, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Bishayee A, Azmi AS, Lokeshwar BL, Grue B, Panis C, Boosani CS, Poudyal D, Stafforini DM, Bhakta D, Niccolai E, Guha G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Fujii H, Honoki K, Mehta K, Aquilano K, Lowe L, Hofseth LJ, Ricciardiello L, Ciriolo MR, Singh N, Whelan RL, Chaturvedi R, Ashraf SS, Shantha Kumara HMC, Nowsheen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Helferich WG, Yang X. A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S151-S184. [PMID: 25951989 PMCID: PMC4635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State Univeristy, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Vannini F, Kashfi K, Nath N. The dual role of iNOS in cancer. Redox Biol 2015; 6:334-343. [PMID: 26335399 PMCID: PMC4565017 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the 10 smallest molecules found in nature. It is a simple gaseous free radical whose predominant functions is that of a messenger through cGMP. In mammals, NO is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of which there are three isoforms. Neuronal (nNOS, NOS1) and endothelial (eNOS, NOS3) are constitutive calcium-dependent forms of the enzyme that regulate neural and vascular function respectively. The third isoform (iNOS, NOS2), is calcium-independent and is inducible. In many tumors, iNOS expression is high, however, the role of iNOS during tumor development is very complex and quite perplexing, with both promoting and inhibiting actions having been described. This review will aim to summarize the dual actions of iNOS-derived NO showing that the microenvironment of the tumor is a contributing factor to these observations and ultimately to cellular outcomes. NO is pro- and anti-tumorigenic. High concentrations of NO maybe anti-tumorigenic. iNOS produces high concentrations of NO and relates to tumor growth or its inhibition. iNOS is associated with cytotoxicity, apoptosis and bystander anti-tumor effects. Tumor- and stromal-iNOS, and the ‘cell situation’ contribute to anti or pro-tumor effects. Dual role of iNOS is influenced by the cell situation and is environment dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vannini
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Niharika Nath
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, NY 10023, United States.
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Cancer stem cells, lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic metastasis. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:438-47. [PMID: 25497008 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although current opinion indicates that tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis plays a key role in promoting the initial spread of malignant tumors, the mechanism that underlies lymphatic spread is not clear. The recent discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in human tumors has challenged our current understanding of tumor recurrence, drug resistance, and metastasis, and opens up new research directions on how cancer cells are capable of switching from dormancy to malignancy. CSCs can be directly and indirectly involved in tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and ultimately promote lymphatic metastasis. However, the details and the possible relationship between CSCs, lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic metastasis remain ambiguous, and the origin of tumor lymphatic endothelial cells is controversial. Elucidation of these factors may provide useful information for future research and cancer treatment. In this article, we summarize current knowledge of CSCs, tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic metastasis and attempt to find an association between key molecular and cellular mechanisms. We provide an overview of CSCs and lymphatic vasculature as potential therapeutic targets. CSC- and lymphatic vasculature-targeted therapy may bring new hope for cancer treatment.
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Liu J, Liu C, Qiu L, Li J, Zhang P, Sun Y. Overexpression of both platelet-derived growth factor-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor-C and its association with lymphangiogenesis in primary human non-small cell lung cancer. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:128. [PMID: 24972450 PMCID: PMC4085714 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic spread of tumor through lymphatic vasculature is an important adverse prognostic factor in a variety of human cancer and tumor lymphangiogenesis requires the interplay of several growth factors. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C are two important molecules involving in tumor metastasis and lymphangiogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the coexpression of PDGF-BB and VEGF-C in primary human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with lymphangiogenesis. METHODS Using immunohistochemical staining, PDGF-BB and VEGF-C expression were detected in 109 primary NSCLC tissues, while the lymphatic micro-vessel density (LMVD) was counted. RESULTS Of 109 cases, PDGF-BB and VEGF-C overexpression was 66.97% (73/109) and 65.14% (71/109), respectively. 52 (47.7%) had overexpression of both PDGF-BB and VEGF-C (P+V+), 21 (19.3%) overexpression of PDGF-BB but low expression of VEGF-C (P+V-), 19(17.4%) overexpression of VEGF-C but low expression of PDGF-BB (P-V+) and 17(15.6%) low expression of both PDGF-BB and VEGF-C (P-V-). PDGF-BB expression was positively related to that of VEGF-C (r=0.451, p=0.034). LMVD in cases with P+V+was much higher than those with P-V- (p=0.004). In addition, the patients with P+V+were younger and also had larger tumor size, more likely lymph node metastasis and worse histological differentiation than those with P-V-. Moreover, the overall survival (OS) of patients with P+V+was shorter than those with P-V- (p=0.015). CONCLUSION Coexpression of both PDGF-BB and VEGF-C was associated with lymphangiogenesis and poor prognosis in NSCLC, and might play a critical role in NSCLC progression. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2261801312571320.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, No, 105,Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P,R, China.
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