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Nikvand AA, Nouri M, Gharibi D, Rakhshandeh R. Population shifts in some faeces and rumen bacteria profiles and subsequent blood LPS and lactate concentrations in lambs in the early period of subacute ruminal acidosis. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:891-898. [PMID: 36286253 PMCID: PMC10029879 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that ruminal acidosis can induce harmal population shifts in some ruminal bacteria profiles. However, there is little information related to alterations in faecal and ruminal bacterial communities and relevant serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in sheep with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate alterations in the defined faecal and ruminal bacteria profiles and serum LPS and blood lactate concentrations in lambs with empirically induced SARA. METHODS Fifteen lambs were served and undergone to induce SARA during a 7-day period. Faecal and ruminal samples were taken to measure the pH and to perform the bacteriological works at 0 (just before induction), 8, 9, and 10 days of the challenge. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum LPS and lactate levels. The rumen and faecal samples were cultured to specify colony-forming units (CFU) for Escherichia coli, Streptococcus Group D (SGD), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). RESULTS Serum LPS value had no significant increase in the affected lambs with SARA. Significant increasing trends were observed in faecal E. coli and LAB populations (p < 0.01). Rumen bacteriology revealed a rising trend for LAB and a falling trend for SGD populations (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Unlike cattle, LPS appears to be of minor importance in the pathogenesis of SARA in sheep. The increased ruminal and faecal LAB (4.00 × 107 CFU/ml or g) are proposed as valuable biomarkers for improving nutritional strategy and screening SARA in lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbas Nikvand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Darioush Gharibi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rahman Rakhshandeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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2
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Colombo EA, Cooke RF, Araújo ACR, Harvey KM, Pohler KG, Brandão AP. Supplementing a blend of magnesium oxide to feedlot cattle: effects on ruminal, physiological, and productive responses. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6482785. [PMID: 34951640 PMCID: PMC8919815 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment evaluated ruminal, physiological, and productive responses of feedlot cattle consuming a corn-based finishing diet that included different levels of a magnesium oxide (MG) blend. Yearling cattle (58 heifers and 62 steers) were ranked by sex and initial body weight (BW; 407 ± 3.1 kg), and allocated to 4 groups of 30 animals each. Groups were housed in one of four drylot pens (30 × 12 m) equipped with GrowSafe automated feeding systems (Model 6000E, 4 bunks/pen) during the experiment (days -14 to 117). On day 0, groups were randomly assigned to receive a total-mixed ration without (CON; n = 30) or with the inclusion (as-fed basis) of MG at 0.25% (MG25; n = 30), 0.50% (MG50; n = 30), or 0.75% (MG75; n = 30) until slaughter on day 118. Individual feed intake was recorded daily, and BW was recorded every 14 d and prior to slaughter (day 117). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112, and hair samples were collected on days 0, 56, and 112 from the tail-switch. On day 42, eight rumen-cannulated steers (BW = 492 ± 8.0 kg) were housed with yearling cattle (1 pair/pen). Pairs rotated among groups every 14 d, resulting in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design (n = 8/treatment; days 42 to 98). Rumen pH was measured on days 7 and 14 of each period (0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 h). Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine if inclusion of MG (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, or 0.75% of the diet) yielded linear or quadratic effects, and to explore overall effect of MG supplementation (CON vs. MG25 + MG50 + MG75). No treatment differences were noted (P ≥ 0.31) for BW gain, feed intake, or feed efficiency. Cattle supplemented with MG tended to have less carcass marbling (P = 0.07) compared with CON. Inclusion of MG linearly increased (P < 0.01) mean plasma concentrations of magnesium and tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.09) mean plasma concentrations of haptoglobin. Cattle supplemented with MG had greater (P < 0.01) mean plasma concentrations of cortisol compared with CON. Hair cortisol concentration did not differ between treatments on day 56 (P ≥ 0.25) and linearly decreased (P < 0.01) with MG inclusion on day 112 (treatment × day; P = 0.02). Inclusion of MG linearly increased (P = 0.03) mean rumen pH, but these outcomes were mostly noted during the last two sampling of the day (treatment × hour; P = 0.02). Collectively, supplemental MG was effective in controlling rumen pH in cattle receiving a corn-based finishing diet, but without improvements in feedlot performance and carcass merit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Science − Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX 77845,
USA
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science − Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX 77845,
USA,Corresponding author:
| | - Ana Clara R Araújo
- Department of Animal Science − Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX 77845,
USA,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia,
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP
18618-970, Brazil
| | - Kelsey M Harvey
- Prairie Research Unit – Mississippi State
University, Prairie, MS 39756, USA
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science − Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX 77845,
USA
| | - Alice P Brandão
- Department of Animal Science − Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX 77845,
USA
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Theurer ME, Fox JT, McCarty TM, McCollum RM, Jones TM, Simpson J, Martin T. Evaluation of the reticulorumen pH throughout the feeding period for beef feedlot steers maintained in a commercial feedlot and its association with liver abscesses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:899-908. [PMID: 34609179 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.8.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reticulorumen pH of beef feedlot steers throughout the feeding period and to assess the association between the respective durations that the reticulorumen pH was ≤ 5.6 (subacute ruminal acidosis) and ≤ 5.2 (acute ruminal acidosis) and liver abscess severity. ANIMALS 59 feedlot steers (mean body weight, 349.5 kg). PROCEDURES On day 0, each steer was orally administered an electronic bolus that monitored the reticulorumen pH every 10 minutes for 150 days. Steers were transitioned from a starter to intermediate ration on day 8 (transition 1) and from the intermediate to finish ration on day 19 (transition 2). The ration carbohydrate and megacalorie contents increased with each transition. During each transition, the lower megacalorie ration was fed at the 8:00 am feeding and the higher megacalorie ration was fed at the 2:00 pm feeding for 3 days before the higher megacalorie ration was fed extensively. Steers were sent to slaughter after 182 days; each carcass was assessed for liver abscesses. RESULTS The diurnal reticulorumen pH pattern was characterized by a peak at 7:00 am and nadir at 8:00 pm. The mean percentages of time that the reticulorumen pH was ≤ 5.6 and ≤ 5.2 were more than 10-fold greater during transition 1, compared with during transition 2, and were significantly greater for steers with extensive liver abscesses than for steers without extensive liver abscesses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Efforts to minimize the duration that the reticulorumen pH is ≤ 5.6 might mitigate liver abscess formation in feedlot cattle.
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Gelsinger SL, Coblentz WK, Zanton GI, Ogden RK, Akins MS. Physiological effects of starter-induced ruminal acidosis in calves before, during, and after weaning. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:2762-2772. [PMID: 31882217 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to nutritionally induce or blunt ruminal acidosis in young calves and to compare indicators of rumen and systemic health. Ten bull calves (n = 5/diet) were ruminally cannulated at 3 wk of age and received milk replacer and 1 of 2 calf starter diets that were designed to cause (AC; pelleted, 42.7% starch, 15.1% neutral detergent fiber, 57.8% nonfiber carbohydrates) or blunt (BL; texturized, 35.3% starch, 25.3% neutral detergent fiber, 48.1% nonfiber carbohydrates) ruminal acidosis. Mean birth weight was 38.7 ± 1.3 kg. Body weight and calf starter intake were measured weekly. Rumen contents were sampled at -8, -4, 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h relative to starter feeding during wk 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 of age. Blood was collected from the jugular vein during the same weeks for complete blood cell count, blood pH, and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Rate of starter consumption was assessed during wk 16. Marker systems were used to estimate liquid passage and volatile fatty acid absorption rates. Calves were slaughtered at 17 wk, and rumen tissue was collected and assessed for papillae length, width, and degree of tissue degradation. Mean ruminal pH ± standard error was 5.37 ± 0.24 and 5.63 ± 0.24 for AC and BL calves, respectively. Lowest pH values were observed the week after weaning. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations were 131.5 and 124.8 ± 2.4 mM in AC and BL calves, respectively, and increased with age and time after feeding. Dry matter intake was lower in AC calves at wk 4 and remained lower through wk 16. Rate of starter consumption was also lower in AC calves at wk 16. Body weight also was also lower for AC calves from wk 5 through 16. Blood hemoglobin and hematocrit were lower in AC calves, but other blood characteristics were not different. Rumen volume increased with age and tended to be greater in BL calves. Passage rate and papillae length and width were not different between diets, but AC calves experienced a greater degree of tissue degradation. Ruminal acidosis symptoms in calves appear similar to those in adult cattle, and the etiology of the disease seems to follow similar mechanisms. It is clear from this study that symptoms can be moderated by diet, but further research is needed to determine whether symptoms can be nutritionally prevented or whether calves that experience ruminal acidosis are more susceptible to the disease as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Gelsinger
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
| | - W K Coblentz
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Marshfield, WI 54449
| | - G I Zanton
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706
| | - R K Ogden
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Marshfield, WI 54449
| | - M S Akins
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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5
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Takemura K, Shingu H, Mizuguchi H, Kim YH, Sato S, Kushibiki S. Effects of forage feeding on rumen fermentation, plasma metabolites, and hormones in Holstein calves during pre- and postweaning periods1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2220-2229. [PMID: 30873561 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the amount of forage intake by calves around the time of weaning could affect ruminal pH levels. Several studies have also proposed that subacute ruminal acidosis in mature cows is a risk factor for various metabolic disorders and production diseases. In this study, we examined the effects of forage feeding on ruminal pH, ruminal fermentation, rumen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, plasma metabolites, and hormonal concentrations in calves during pre- and postweaning periods. Sixteen male Holstein calves were used. At 7 wk of age, calves were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments: calves in the HAY group (n = 8) were fed starter with forage, and those in the CON group (n = 8) were fed starter without any forage. All calves were weaned at 8 wk of age. The amounts of starter and mixed hay were gradually increased until the end of the experiment (age, 11 wk). Ruminal pH was measured continuously every 10 min using an indwelling sensor. Rumen fluid and peripheral blood samples were obtained prior to morning feedings at -1, 0, 1, and 3 wk after weaning. Compared with the HAY group, in the CON group, the average daily ruminal pH was lower (P < 0.05) and the duration of ruminal pH values below 5.6 was longer (P < 0.05). Regarding ruminal VFA profiles, compared with the HAY group, the CON group had lower (P < 0.05) acetate to propionate ratios at 1 and 3 wk after weaning. Rumen LPS concentrations tended to be higher (P < 0.1) in the CON group than in the HAY group; however, concentrations of LPS-binding protein, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A in the peripheral blood did not differ significantly. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were markedly higher (P < 0.05) in the CON group than in the HAY group at 1 and 3 wk after weaning. There was a linear decrease in plasma growth hormone (GH) levels in the CON group after the start of the experiment, and its concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in the CON group than in the HAY group at 0 and 3 wk after weaning. The results indicated that forage provision during pre- and postweaning periods helped prevent decrease in ruminal pH, change in ruminal fermentation, and liver alteration, and helped maintain plasma GH levels, which suggests that calves around the time of weaning need forage intake with starter to maintain proper metabolic and hormonal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takemura
- Yamagata Prefectural Syonai Livestock Hygiene Division, Mikawa, Yamagata, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shingu
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Yo-Han Kim
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Hidalgo AI, Carretta MD, Alarcón P, Manosalva C, Müller A, Navarro M, Hidalgo MA, Kaehne T, Taubert A, Hermosilla CR, Burgos RA. Pro-inflammatory mediators and neutrophils are increased in synovial fluid from heifers with acute ruminal acidosis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:225. [PMID: 31269952 PMCID: PMC6610826 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ruminal acidosis (ARA) is a metabolic disease of cattle characterized by an aseptic synovitis. ARA is the result of an increased intake of highly fermentable carbohydrates that frequently occurs in dairy cattle subjected to high production requirements. In human joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout, several pro-inflammatory molecules are increased in the synovial fluid, including cytokines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), metalloproteinases, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The aim of this study was to identify the presence of proinflammatory mediators and neutrophils in the synovial fluid of heifers with ARA, induced by an oligofructose overload. Five heifers were challenged with an oligofructose overload (13 g/kg BW) dissolved in water. As a control, a similar vehicle volume was used in four heifers. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the tarso-crural joint and PGE2, IL-6, IL-1β, ATP, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, glucose, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cellular free DNA, NETs, and serpin B1 were analyzed at 0, 9, and 24 h post treatment. RESULTS At 9 h post oligofructose overload, an increase of IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, serpin B1 and LDH was detected in the joints when compared to the control group. At 24 h, the synovial fluid was yellowish, viscous, turbid, and contained abundant neutrophils. An increase of DNA-backbone-like traps, histone 3 (H3cit), aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps (aggNETs), and serpin B1 were observed 24 h post treatment. Furthermore, albumins, LDH, ATP, MMP-9, IL-6, and IL-1β were increased after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS The overall results indicate that IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2, were the earliest proinflammatory parameters that increased in the synovial fluid of animals with ARA. Furthermore, the most sever inflammatory response in the joint was observed after 24 h and could be associated with a massive presence of neutrophils and release of aggNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra I Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María D Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ananda Müller
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Max Navarro
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Thilo Kaehne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44-0, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos R Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Klevenhusen F, Kleefisch MT, Zebeli Q. Feeding hay rich in water-soluble carbohydrates improves ruminal pH without affecting rumination and systemic health in early lactation dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:466-476. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenja Klevenhusen
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Maria-Theresia Kleefisch
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Humer E, Kröger I, Neubauer V, Schedle K, Reisinger N, Zebeli Q. Supplementing phytogenic compounds or autolyzed yeast modulates ruminal biogenic amines and plasma metabolome in dry cows experiencing subacute ruminal acidosis. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9559-9574. [PMID: 30031584 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) causes ruminal dysbiosis, thereby increasing the risk of systemic metabolic disorders in cattle. We recently showed that supplementation with phytogenic compounds (PHY) or autolyzed yeast (AY) counteracted negative effects of SARA by improving ruminal pH and microbiome. This study investigated the effects of an intermittent SARA challenge on the ruminal concentration of biogenic amines (BA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as well as on the blood metabolome. We also evaluated effects of PHY and AY on the latter variables. Eight rumen-cannulated nonlactating Holstein cows were arranged in an incomplete 4 × 3 Latin square design with 4 experimental runs and 3 treatment groups. During each run, cows were switched from an all-forage diet (baseline) to an intermittent concentrate-challenge diet with a forage:concentrate ratio of 35:65 (dry matter basis) to induce SARA for 1 (SARA1) or 2 (SARA2) wk, separated by 1 wk of forage-only feeding. The 3 treatment groups were no additive as control, PHY, or AY. During baseline, SARA1 and SARA2 rumen fluid samples were collected for analysis of BA and LPS. Blood samples were taken during baseline and SARA1 for a targeted metabolomics approach. High-concentrate feeding caused a 9-fold increase in ruminal LPS during SARA1 and an 11-fold increase in SARA2 compared with the baseline. Elevated concentrations of ruminal BA were found during both SARA periods, with histamine showing the strongest increase during SARA1. Moreover, a decrease in phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelines, and several AA in the blood during SARA1 were detected. Supplementation of PHY decreased concentrations of LPS (-43%), histamine (-66%), pyrrolidine (-38%), and spermine (-54%) in SARA1 and cadaverine in SARA2 (-50%). Moreover, cows that received PHY had higher concentrations of cholesterol (+26%), several AA, and phosphatidylcholines in SARA1 compared with control cows. For AY, decreases in ruminal ethanolamine (-21%), methylamine (-52%), histamine (-54%), spermidine (-44%), and spermine (-80%) in SARA1 were observed, whereas in the blood an increase in tryptophan was noticed. In conclusion, the SARA was associated with markedly increased concentrations of LPS and BA in the rumen fluid and undesirable shifts in the plasma metabolome. Supplementation of PHY and AY counteracted some of these changes and therefore may help in attenuating negative effects of high-concentrate feeding in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - I Kröger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - V Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - K Schedle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11/1, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - N Reisinger
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Q Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Marchesini G, Mottaran D, Contiero B, Schiavon E, Segato S, Garbin E, Tenti S, Andrighetto I. Use of rumination and activity data as health status and performance indicators in beef cattle during the early fattening period. Vet J 2017; 231:41-47. [PMID: 29429486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the level of activity and rumination in young bulls and to assess whether these data can be used as indicators of health status and average daily weight gain (ADG). Two groups of animals (period 1: n=108 animals; period 2: n=106 animals) were fitted with sensors to measure daily activity and rumination, were weighed on arrival and at the end of the trial (70 days) and were checked twice daily to verify their health condition. Any clinical signs and therapies were recorded. The dishomogeneity index of rumination (DR), and the daily dishomogeneity indices of activity (DDA) and rumination (DDR), were calculated. Bulls had an ADG of 1.42±0.38kg/day and showed an average duration of daily rumination of 404±63min and an average activity of 474±46 bits, respectively. Animals characterised by low ADG had lower values of minimum daily rumination (P=0.01) and DDA (P<0.001), and a greater rumination range (P=0.007) and DR (P=0.003). Bovine respiratory disease and lameness were detected 31 and five times, respectively; among affected animals, the average daily activity, rumination and DDA were lower (P<0.05) at 3-6days before the onset of visible clinical signs, whereas DDR increased compared to the values when individuals were apparently healthy. The use of individual sensors appears promising for the early diagnosis of disease in beef cattle and for improving herd management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Marchesini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy.
| | - Davide Mottaran
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy
| | - Eliana Schiavon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy
| | - Severino Segato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Garbin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy
| | - Sandro Tenti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy
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Qumar M, Khiaosa-ard R, Klevenhusen F, Plaizier J, Zebeli Q. Gastrointestinal endotoxin and metabolic responses in cows fed and recovered from two different grain-rich challenges. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Marchesini G, Serva L, Garbin E, Mirisola M, Andrighetto I. Near-infrared calibration transfer for undried whole maize plant between laboratory and on-site spectrometers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1345660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Marchesini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Serva
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Garbin
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Mirisola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Macdonald AGC, Bourgon SL, Palme R, Miller SP, Montanholi YR. Evaluation of blood metabolites reflects presence or absence of liver abscesses in beef cattle. Vet Rec Open 2017; 4:e000170. [PMID: 28890789 PMCID: PMC5574433 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2016-000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver abscesses constitute a prominent concern regarding animal health and profitability of the beef industry. Our objective was to evaluate potential biliary and blood indicators of liver abscesses. Twenty-nine beef bulls (initially averaging 356±70.5 kg and 253±30 days of age) were fed a high-concentrate diet during a performance test of 112 days, during which blood was collected at nine time points spaced 0.5-13 days apart within 56 days before slaughter. At the abattoir, blood and bile were collected and livers were inspected for liver abscesses. Results indicated that liver abscesses are associated with elevated levels of plasma cortisol and aspartate aminotransferase, and decreased levels of albumin, cholesterol and testosterone over the period before slaughter. Based on the blood samples collected during exsanguination, the presence of liver abscesses was associated with lower concentrations of thyroxine, albumin, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase, and is suggested to be associated with lower blood carbon dioxide (P=0.08) and lower biliary cortisol metabolites (P=0.07). Albumin and cholesterol are established indicators of hepatic function and are consistently related to the presence of liver abscesses. Identifying blood parameters that predict liver abscesses has practical implications for cattle husbandry and for ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie L Bourgon
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Vetmeduni, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Stephen P Miller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Angus Genetics Inc., Saint Joseph, MO, 64506, USA
| | - Yuri R Montanholi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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Laporte-Uribe JA. The role of dissolved carbon dioxide in both the decline in rumen pH and nutritional diseases in ruminants. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De Nardi R, Marchesini G, Li S, Khafipour E, Plaizier KJC, Gianesella M, Ricci R, Andrighetto I, Segato S. Metagenomic analysis of rumen microbial population in dairy heifers fed a high grain diet supplemented with dicarboxylic acids or polyphenols. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:29. [PMID: 26896166 PMCID: PMC4759956 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two feed supplements on rumen bacterial communities of heifers fed a high grain diet. Six Holstein-Friesian heifers received one of the following dietary treatments according to a Latin square design: no supplement (control, C), 60 g/day of fumarate-malate (organic acid, O) and 100 g/day of polyphenol-essential oil (P). Rumen fluid was analyzed to assess the microbial population using Illumina sequencing and quantitative real time PCR. Results The P treatment had the highest number of observed species (P < 0.10), Chao1 index (P < 0.05), abundance based coverage estimated (ACE) (P < 0.05), and Fisher’s alpha diversity (P < 0.10). The O treatment had intermediate values between C and P treatments with the exception of the Chao1 index. The PCoA with unweighted Unifrac distance showed a separation among dietary treatments (P = 0.09), above all between the C and P (P = 0.05). The O and P treatments showed a significant increase of the family Christenenellaceae and a decline of Prevotella brevis compared to C. Additionally, the P treatment enhanced the abundance of many taxa belonging to Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Tenericutes phyla due to a potential antimicrobial activity of flavonoids that increased competition among bacteria. Conclusions Organic acid and polyphenols significantly modified rumen bacterial populations during high-grain feeding in dairy heifers. In particular the polyphenol treatment increased the richness and diversity of rumen microbiota, which are usually high in conditions of physiological rumen pH and rumen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Nardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Marchesini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - Shucong Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2 N2, Canada.
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2 N2, Canada.
| | - Kees J C Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2 N2, Canada.
| | - Matteo Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - Rebecca Ricci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - Severino Segato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
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Suagee JK, Splan RK, Swyers KL, Geor RJ, Corl BA. Effects of High-Sugar and High-Starch Diets on Postprandial Inflammatory Protein Concentrations in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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De Nardi R, Marchesini G, Plaizier JC, Li S, Khafipour E, Ricci R, Andrighetto I, Segato S. Use of dicarboxylic acids and polyphenols to attenuate reticular pH drop and acute phase response in dairy heifers fed a high grain diet. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:277. [PMID: 25425091 PMCID: PMC4255931 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the ability of two feed additives, a fumarate-malate (FM) and a polyphenol-essential oil mixture (PM), in attenuating the drop of ruminal pH and the metabolic and immune response resulting from an excessively high grain diet. Six heifers were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square experiment and fed a low starch (LS) diet for 14 d, followed by a high starch (HS) diet for 8 d (NDF 33.6%, starch 30.0% DM). In the last 5 days of each period, barley meal was added to decrease rumen pH. During HS feeding all animals were randomly assigned to one of the following three dietary treatments: no supplement/control (CT), a daily dose of 60 g/d of FM, or 100 g/d of PM. Reticular pH was continuously recorded using wireless boluses. On d 21 of each period, rumen fluid was collected by rumenocentesis (1400 h), together with blood (0800 h) and fecal samples (0800, 1400, and 2100 h). RESULTS The correlation coefficient of pH values obtained using the boluses and rumenocentesis was 0.83. Compared with CT and PM, the FM treatment led to a lower DMI. Nadir pH was lowest during CT (5.40, 5.69, and 5.62 for CT, FM and PM, respectively), confirming the effectiveness of both supplements in reducing the pH drop caused by high grain feeding. This result was confirmed by the highest average time spent daily below 5.6 pH (199, 16 and 18 min/d) and by the highest acetate to propionate ratio of the CT fed heifers. The PM decreased the concentrations of neutrophils (2.9, 3.2, and 2.8 10(9)/L) and acute phase proteins: SAA (37.1, 28.6 and 20.1 μg/mL), LBP (4.1, 3.8, and 2.9 μg/mL), and Hp (675, 695 and 601 μg/mL). Free lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were detected in blood and feces, but their concentrations were not affected by treatments, as the remaining blood variables. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that both additives could be useful in attenuating the effects of excessive grain feeding on rumen pH, but the PM supplement was more effective than FM in reducing the inflammatory response compared to CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Nardi
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD) 35020, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Marchesini
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD) 35020, Italy.
| | - Jan C Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Shucong Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Ricci
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD) 35020, Italy.
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD) 35020, Italy.
| | - Severino Segato
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD) 35020, Italy.
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Marchesini G, De Nardi R, Ricci R, Andrighetto I, Serva L, Segato S. Effects of Carbohydrase-Inhibiting Compounds on in VitroRumen Fermentation. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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De Nardi R, Marchesini G, Stefani AL, Barberio A, Andrighetto I, Segato S. Effect of feeding fine maize particles on the reticular pH, milk yield and composition of dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:504-10. [PMID: 23826742 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The particle size of cereal grains has been found to modulate the rate of passage from the rumen and the digestibility of starch and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), but few studies have examined its impact on reticular pH. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding finely ground maize on the risk of ruminal acidosis, milk yield and composition. Twelve Holstein-Friesian cows were assigned to one of two experimental groups and fed according to a cross-over design. Diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous and were characterised by the same NDF and ADF, differing only in maize particle size. In the control diet (Ct), the maize meal was ground to 1.0 mm, whereas in the experimental diet, it was finely ground (Fg) to 0.5 mm. The pH and temperature of the reticulum were continuously measured in eight cows throughout the trial using indwelling sensors. Dry matter intake was higher in cows offered Fg diet than in Ct (19.0 vs. 20.3 kg/day; p = 0.067). However, milk yield (p = 0.855) and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) (p = 0.724) did not show any differences between the diets. Casein (2.48 vs. 2.57%; p = 0.035) and crude protein (CP) (3.18 vs. 3.31%; p = 0.021) resulted higher in Fg. Similarly, starch digestibility increased in animals offered Fg diet versus Ct (0.94 vs. 0.98; p = 0.078). Among the reticular parameters, the Fg-fed cows spent a significantly higher time below the 5.5 pH threshold (15 vs. 61 min/day; p = 0.047) and had an average daily variation in reticular pH characterised by a lower nadir pH (5.95 vs. 5.72; p < 0.001) and a higher pH range (0.79 vs. 0.94; p = 0.003). In this study, grain particle size affected the risk of the onset of ruminal acidosis. Therefore, it should be carefully considered when formulating rations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Nardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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