|
1
|
Lee S, Yang S, Shim WS, Song E, Han S, Park SS, Choi S, Joo SH, Park SJ, Shin B, Kim D, Kim H, Jung Y, Lee KT, Chung EK. Development and Validation of an Improved HPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Total and Unbound Lenalidomide in Human Plasma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1340. [PMID: 39458668 PMCID: PMC11511013 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 10/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a fully validated HPLC-MS/MS method for quantifying total and unbound lenalidomide concentrations in human plasma. METHODS Unbound concentrations were measured using plasma ultrafiltrate prepared with Amicon® Centrifugal Filters. Lenalidomide and lenalidomide-d5 (internal standard) were extracted from 50 μL of human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatography was conducted with a Halo® C18 column using 0.1% formic acid and methanol (20:80, v/v) as the mobile phase. The mass spectrometer was operated in a positive ion mode with an electrospray ionization interface and multiple reaction monitoring modes. RESULTS Calibration curves were linear over the range of 5 to 1000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.996) for both the total and unbound lenalidomide. For total lenalidomide concentrations, between-run precision (coefficients of variation) and accuracy were 1.70-7.65% and 94.45-101.10%, respectively. For unbound concentrations, inter-day precision and accuracy were 1.98-10.55% and 93.95-98.48%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed a highly reproducible, sensitive, and efficient bioanalytical method using a smaller volume of plasma sample (50 μL) with a relatively short run time (2.5 min). The proposed analytical method was successfully applied to measure total and unbound lenalidomide concentrations at various time points in multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Seungwon Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Seob Shim
- Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Eunseo Song
- Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Seunghoon Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suein Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Sung Hwan Joo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjin Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsu Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujung Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
- Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (S.Y.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.); (B.S.); (D.K.); (H.K.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Li Y, Hu Y, Tu Z, Ning Z, He Q, Fu J. Research on the Mechanism of Action of a Citrinin and Anti-Citrinin Antibody Based on Mimotope X27. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100655. [PMID: 33066313 PMCID: PMC7602013 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays are developed based on antigen–antibody interactions. A mimotope is an effective recognition receptor used to study the mechanism of action of antigens and antibodies, and is used for improving the sensitivity of the antibody. In this study, we built a 3D structure of the citrinin (CIT) mimotope X27 and anti-CIT single-chain antibody fragment (ScFv) through a “homologous modeling” strategy. Then, CIT and X27 were respectively docked to anti-CIT ScFv by using the “molecular docking” program. Finally, T28, F29, N30, R31, and Y32 were confirmed as the key binding sites in X27. Furthermore, the result of the phage-ELISA showed that the mutational phage lost the binding activity to the anti-CIT ScFv when the five amino acids were mutated to “alanine”, thereby proving the correctness of the molecular docking model. Lastly, a site-directed saturation strategy was adopted for the sites (T28, F29, N30, R31, and Y32). Eighteen different amino acids were introduced to each site on average. The activities of all mutants were identified by indirect competitive ELISA. The sensitivities of mutants T28F, T28I, F29I, F29V, N30T, and N30V were 1.83-, 1.37-, 1.70-, 2.96-, 1.31-, and 2.01-fold higher than that of the wild-type, respectively. In conclusion, the binding model between the CIT and antibody was elaborated for the first time based on the mimotope method, thereby presenting another strategy for improving the sensitivity of citrinin detection in immunoassays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.H.)
| | - Yucheng Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Zhui Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.H.)
| | - Zhenqiang Ning
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Qinghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jinheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|