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Al-Kurbi AA, Aliyev E, AlSa’afin S, Aamer W, Palaniswamy S, Al-Maraghi A, Kilani H, Akil AAS, Stotland MA, Fakhro KA. A Complex Intrachromosomal Rearrangement Disrupting IRF6 in a Family with Popliteal Pterygium and Van der Woude Syndromes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040849. [PMID: 37107607 PMCID: PMC10137688 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clefts of the lip and/or palate (CL/P) are considered the most common form of congenital anomalies occurring either in isolation or in association with other clinical features. Van der woude syndrome (VWS) is associated with about 2% of all CL/P cases and is further characterized by having lower lip pits. Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is a more severe form of VWS, normally characterized by orofacial clefts, lower lip pits, skin webbing, skeletal anomalies and syndactyly of toes and fingers. Both syndromes are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, usually caused by heterozygous mutations in the Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) gene. Here we report the case of a two-generation family where the index presented with popliteal pterygium syndrome while both the father and sister had clinical features of van der woude syndrome, but without any point mutations detected by re-sequencing of known gene panels or microarray testing. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) followed by local de novo assembly, we discover and validate a copy-neutral, 429 kb complex intra-chromosomal rearrangement in the long arm of chromosome 1, disrupting the IRF6 gene. This variant is copy-neutral, novel against publicly available databases, and segregates in the family in an autosomal dominant pattern. This finding suggests that missing heritability in rare diseases may be due to complex genomic rearrangements that can be resolved by WGS and de novo assembly, helping deliver answers to patients where no genetic etiology was identified by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya A. Al-Kurbi
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Elbay Aliyev
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Sana AlSa’afin
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Waleed Aamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | | | | | - Houda Kilani
- Division of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | | | - Mitchell A. Stotland
- Division of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Khalid A. Fakhro
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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Josh F, Soekamto TH, Marzoeki D, Faruk M. Bartsocas-Papas syndrome: The first case report of severe autosomal recessive form from Indonesia. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 79:436-439. [PMID: 33529824 PMCID: PMC7851448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bartsocas-Papas syndrome (BPS) is an autosomal recessive form of Popliteal Pterygium syndrome (PPS). It is a very rare disease characterized by congenital craniofacial anomalies, popliteal webbing, and genitourinary and musculoskeletal anomalies. Almost all of the cases were reported in dead intrauterine pregnancies. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present a 10-month-old boy with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate, abnormal scalp hair, an absence of both upper eyelids, choanal atresia, syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers of the right hand, agenesis fingers on the left hand, bilateral popliteal pterygia, bilateral talipes equinovarus, agenesis of the toes of both lower extremities, intercrural webbing, an absence of testis, and scrotal anomaly. Multistage surgical correction was performed for the multiple congenital malformations. CONCLUSION We report the first case of BPS from Indonesia. Gradual management should be performed according to the patient's age and available facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fonny Josh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | | | - Djohansjah Marzoeki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Faruk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
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Microdeletion of the entire IRF6 gene in a Subsaharian African's family with Van der Woude syndrome. Clin Dysmorphol 2020; 29:24-27. [PMID: 30946036 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletion of the entire interferon regulatory factory 6 (IRF 6) gene is a rare cause of Van der Woude syndrome (VDW) with only few cases reported in medical literature. Its occurrence in multiple affected members of a family is exceptional. The aim of this presentation was to describe a Central African family with typical VDW phenotype carrying an IRF6 gene deletion. Here we reported phenotype features of members of a Central African family with VDW syndrome consisting of labioalveolar cleft, depressions of the lower lip with labial fistulae (lip pits), submucosal clefts and cleft palate. Mutation analysis by means of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and chromosomal microarray revealed a 374.070 kb, deletion encompassing the entire IRF6 gene in four affected family members. Microdeletion of the entire IRF6 gene causes the classical VDW syndrome phenotype.
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XU Y, QIAN Y, YAO W, DONG M. [Genetic analysis of a family of Van der Woude syndrome]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:378-383. [PMID: 31901040 PMCID: PMC8800747 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.08.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze clinical and genetic features of a family affected with Van der Woude syndrome. METHODS The umbilical cord blood of the proband and the peripheral blood of the parents were used for the whole exon sequencing to find the candidate gene.Peripheral blood of 9 members of the family were collected for Sanger sequencing verification, bioinformatics analysis and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis. RESULTS The proband was diagnosed with cleft lip and palate by ultrasound. His father and grandmother had hollow lower lip and all other family members did not have the similar phenotype. A missense c.263A>G (p.N88S) mutation was found in exon 4 of IRF6 gene in the proband, his father and his grandmother.The mutation was not found in other family members. CONCLUSIONS A missense c.263A>G (p.N88S) mutation in IRF6 gene probably underlies the pathogenesis of Van der Woude syndrome in the family and the mutation has been firstly discovered in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Minyue DONG
- 董旻岳(1964—), 男, 博士, 主任医师, 博士生导师, 主要从事生殖遗传学研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4344-7924
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Fu JM, Leslie EJ, Scott AF, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Scharpf RB, Ruczinski I. Detection of de novo copy number deletions from targeted sequencing of trios. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:571-578. [PMID: 30084993 PMCID: PMC6378941 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION De novo copy number deletions have been implicated in many diseases, but there is no formal method to date that identifies de novo deletions in parent-offspring trios from capture-based sequencing platforms. RESULTS We developed Minimum Distance for Targeted Sequencing (MDTS) to fill this void. MDTS has similar sensitivity (recall), but a much lower false positive rate compared to less specific CNV callers, resulting in a much higher positive predictive value (precision). MDTS also exhibited much better scalability. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION MDTS is freely available as open source software from the Bioconductor repository. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Fu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Alan F Scott
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Scharpf
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Advani HV, Barrett AN, Evans MI, Choolani M. Challenges in non-invasive prenatal screening for sub-chromosomal copy number variations using cell-free DNA. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:1067-1075. [PMID: 28950403 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has revolutionized the approach to prenatal fetal aneuploidy screening. Many commercial providers now offer analyses for sub-chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs). Here, we review the use of NIPS in the context of screening for microdeletions and microduplications, issues surrounding the choice of disorders tested for, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with the inclusion of microdeletions to current NIPS. Several studies have claimed benefits; however, we suggest that microdeletions have not demonstrated a low enough false positive rate to be deemed practical or ethically acceptable, especially considering their low positive predictive values. Because a positive NIPS result should be confirmed using diagnostic techniques, and false positive rates are as high as 90% for some microdeletions, diagnostic testing seems preferable when the goal is to maximize the detection of microdeletion or microduplication syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna V Advani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela N Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark I Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Comprehensive Genetics and Fetal Medicine Foundation of America, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Lei TY, Wang HT, Li F, Cui YQ, Fu F, Li R, Liao C. Application of high resolution SNP arrays in patients with congenital oral clefts in south China. J Genet 2017; 95:801-809. [PMID: 27994178 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) has proven to be a powerful tool in postnatal patients with intellectual disabilities. However, the diagnostic capability of CMA in patients with congenital oral clefts remain mysterious. Here, we present our clinical experience in implementing whole-genome high-resolution SNP arrays to investigate 33 patients with syndromic and nonsyndromic oral clefts in whom standard karyotyping analyses showed normal karyotypes. We aim to identify the genomic aetiology and candidate genes in patients with congenital oral clefts. CMA revealed copy number variants (CNVs) in every patient, which ranged from 2 to 9 per sample. The size of detected CNVs varied from 100 to 3.2 Mb. In 33 patients, we identified six clinically significant CNVs. The incidence of clinically significant CNVs was 18.2% (6/33). Three of these six CNVs were detected in patients with nonsyndromic clefts, including one who presented with isolated cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) and two with cleft palate only (CPO). The remaining three CNVs were detected in patients with syndromic clefts. However, no CNV was detected in patients with cleft lip only (CLO). The six clinically significant CNVs were as follows: 8p23.1 microduplication (198 kb); 10q22.2-q22.3 microdeletion (1766 kb); 18q12.3 microduplication (638 kb); 20p12.1 microdeletion (184 kb); 6q26 microdeletion (389 kb); and 22q11.21-q11.23 microdeletion (3163 kb). In addition, two novel candidate genes for oral clefts, KAT6B and MACROD2, were putatively identified. We also found a CNV of unknown clinical significance with a detection rate of 3.0% (1/33). Our results further support the notion that CNVs significantly contributed to the genetic aetiology of oral clefts and emphasize the efficacy of whole-genome high-resolution SNP arrays to detect novel candidate genes in patients with syndromic and nonsyndromic clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ying Lei
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.
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Tan EC, Lim HW, Lim ECP, Lee ST. A Novel Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Mutation in an Asian Family With Van der Woude Syndrome. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2016; 54:442-445. [PMID: 27243668 DOI: 10.1597/15-327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by orofacial clefting and lip pits. Mutations in the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 6 gene (IRF6) have been identified in individuals with VWS. We performed direct sequencing of the gene for molecular investigation of a proband with Bangladeshi-Malay ancestry. A novel transition mutation (c.113T>C), which resulted in an amino acid substitution (p.Ile38Thr) in the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain was detected. Testing of family members showed that the mutation segregated with the VWS phenotype for members of her immediate family. Although there is some phenotypic variability, all of the affected members are of the female gender.
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Rincic M, Rados M, Krsnik Z, Gotovac K, Borovecki F, Liehr T, Brecevic L. Complex intrachromosomal rearrangement in 1q leading to 1q32.2 microdeletion: a potential role of SRGAP2 in the gyrification of cerebral cortex. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:19. [PMID: 26900403 PMCID: PMC4761178 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Van der Woude syndrome (MIM: 119300, VWS) is a dominantly inherited and the most common orofacial clefting syndrome; it accounts for ~2 % of all cleft lip and palate cases. Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by significant limitations, both in intellectual functioning (cognitive deficit) and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills. Karyotyping has been the first standard test for the detection of genetic imbalance in patients with ID for more than 35 years. Advances in genetic diagnosis have laid chromosomal microarrays (CMA) as a new standard and first first-line test for diagnosis of patients with ID, as well as other conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders or multiple congenital anomalies. Case Presentation The present case was initially studied due to unexplained cognitive deficit. Physical examination at the age of 18 years revealed cleft palate, lower lip pits and hypodontia, accompanied with other dysmorphic features and absence of speech. Brain MRI uncovered significantly reduced overall volume of gray matter and cortical gyrification. Banding cytogenetics revealed an indistinct intrachromosomal rearrangement in the long arm of one chromosome 1, and subsequent microarray analyses identified a 5.56 Mb deletion in 1q32.1-1q32.3, encompassing 52 genes; included were the entire IRF6 gene (whose mutations/deletions underlay VWS) and SRGAP2, a gene with an important role in neuronal migration during development of cerebral cortex. Besides, a duplication in 3q26.32 (1.9 Mb in size) comprising TBL1XR1 gene was identified. Multicolor banding for chromosome 1 and molecular cytogenetics applying a battery of locus-specific probes covering 1q32.1 to 1q44 characterized a four breakpoint-insertional-rearrangement-event, resulting in 1q32.1-1q32.3 deletion. Conclusions Considering that the human-specific three-fold segmental duplication of SRGAP2 gene evolutionary corresponds to the beginning of neocortical expansion, we hypothesize that aberrations in SRGAP2 are strong candidates underlying specific brain abnormalities, namely reduced volume of grey matter and reduced gyrification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-016-0221-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rincic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milan Rados
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Gotovac
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, and University Hospital Center Zagreb, Šalata 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovecki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, and University Hospital Center Zagreb, Šalata 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lukrecija Brecevic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Younkin SG, Scharpf RB, Schwender H, Parker MM, Scott AF, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Ruczinski I. A genome-wide study of inherited deletions identified two regions associated with nonsyndromic isolated oral clefts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:276-83. [PMID: 25776870 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA copy number variants play an important part in the development of common birth defects such as oral clefts. Individual patients with multiple birth defects (including oral clefts) have been shown to carry small and large chromosomal deletions. METHODS We investigated the role of polymorphic copy number deletions by comparing transmission rates of deletions from parents to offspring in case-parent trios of European ancestry ascertained through a cleft proband with trios ascertained through a normal offspring. DNA copy numbers in trios were called using the joint hidden Markov model in the freely available PennCNV software. All statistical analyses were performed using Bioconductor tools in the open source environment R. RESULTS We identified a 67 kb region in the gene MGAM on chromosome 7q34, and a 206 kb region overlapping genes ADAM3A and ADAM5 on chromosome 8p11, where deletions are more frequently transmitted to cleft offspring than control offspring. CONCLUSIONS These genes or nearby regulatory elements may be involved in the etiology of oral clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Younkin
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
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Genome-wide copy number scan identifies IRF6 involvement in Van der Woude syndrome in an Indian family. Genet Res (Camb) 2014; 96:e12. [PMID: 25579819 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672314000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is an autosomal dominant developmental malformation presenting with bilateral lower lip pits related to cleft lip, cleft palate and other malformations. We performed a whole-genome copy number variations (CNVs) scan in an Indian family with members suffering from VWS using 2·6 million combined SNP and CNV markers. We found CNVs affecting IRF6, a known candidate gene for VWS, in all three cases, while none of the non-VWS members showed any CNVs in the IRF6 region. The duplications and deletions of the chromosomal critical region in 1q32-q41 confirm the involvement of CNVs in IRF6 in South Indian VWS patients. Molecular network analysis of these and other cleft lip/palate related module genes suggests that they are associated with cytokine-mediated signalling pathways and response to interferon-gamma mediated signalling pathways. This is a maiden study indicating the involvement of CNVs in IRF6 in causing VWS in the Indian population.
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Genetics of cleft lip and/or cleft palate: Association with other common anomalies. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:381-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Butali A, Mossey PA, Adeyemo WL, Eshete MA, Gaines LA, Even D, Braimah RO, Aregbesola BS, Rigdon JV, Emeka CI, James O, Ogunlewe MO, Ladeinde AL, Abate F, Hailu T, Mohammed I, Gravem PE, Deribew M, Gesses M, Adeyemo AA, Murray JC. Novel IRF6 mutations in families with Van Der Woude syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome from sub-Saharan Africa. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:254-60. [PMID: 24936515 PMCID: PMC4049366 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFC) are complex genetic traits that are often classified as syndromic or nonsyndromic clefts. Currently, there are over 500 types of syndromic clefts in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, of which Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the most common (accounting for 2% of all OFC). Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is considered to be a more severe form of VWS. Mutations in the IRF6 gene have been reported worldwide to cause VWS and PPS. Here, we report studies of families with VWS and PPS in sub-Saharan Africa. We screened the DNA of eight families with VWS and one family with PPS from Nigeria and Ethiopia by Sanger sequencing of the most commonly affected exons in IRF6 (exons 3, 4, 7, and 9). For the VWS families, we found a novel nonsense variant in exon 4 (p.Lys66X), a novel splice-site variant in exon 4 (p.Pro126Pro), a novel missense variant in exon 4 (p.Phe230Leu), a previously reported splice-site variant in exon 7 that changes the acceptor splice site, and a known missense variant in exon 7 (p.Leu251Pro). A previously known missense variant was found in exon 4 (p.Arg84His) in the PPS family. All the mutations segregate in the families. Our data confirm the presence of IRF6-related VWS and PPS in sub-Saharan Africa and highlights the importance of screening for novel mutations in known genes when studying diverse global populations. This is important for counseling and prenatal diagnosis for high-risk families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peter A Mossey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee Dundee, Scotland
| | | | | | - LauRen A Gaines
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Dee Even
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | - Jennifer V Rigdon
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Olutayo James
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Fikre Abate
- Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Taye Hailu
- Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa
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