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Periferakis AT, Periferakis A, Periferakis K, Caruntu A, Badarau IA, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Scheau C, Caruntu C. Antimicrobial Properties of Capsaicin: Available Data and Future Research Perspectives. Nutrients 2023; 15:4097. [PMID: 37836381 PMCID: PMC10574431 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a phytochemical derived from plants of the genus Capsicum and subject of intensive phytochemical research due to its numerous physiological and therapeutical effects, including its important antimicrobial properties. Depending on the concentration and the strain of the bacterium, capsaicin can exert either bacteriostatic or even bactericidal effects against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while in certain cases it can reduce their pathogenicity by a variety of mechanisms such as mitigating the release of toxins or inhibiting biofilm formation. Likewise, capsaicin has been shown to be effective against fungal pathogens, particularly Candida spp., where it once again interferes with biofilm formation. The parasites Toxoplasma gondi and Trypanosoma cruzi have been found to be susceptible to the action of this compound too while there are also viruses whose invasiveness is significantly dampened by it. Among the most encouraging findings are the prospects for future development, especially using new formulations and drug delivery mechanisms. Finally, the influence of capsaicin in somatostatin and substance P secretion and action, offers an interesting array of possibilities given that these physiologically secreted compounds modulate inflammation and immune response to a significant extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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Elbaramawi SS, Eissa AG, Noureldin NA, Simons C. Exploring Proteus mirabilis Methionine tRNA Synthetase Active Site: Homology Model Construction, Molecular Dynamics, Pharmacophore and Docking Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1263. [PMID: 37765071 PMCID: PMC10535265 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of Proteus mirabilis infections is considered to be complicated as the organism has become resistant to numerous antibiotic classes. Therefore, new inhibitors should be developed, targeting bacterial molecular functions. Methionine tRNA synthetase (MetRS), a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, is essential for protein biosynthesis offering a promising target for novel antibiotics discovery. In the context of computer-aided drug design (CADD), the current research presents the construction and analysis of a comparative homology model for P. mirabilis MetRS, enabling development of novel inhibitors with greater selectivity. Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software was used to build a homology model for P. mirabilis MetRS using Escherichia coli MetRS as a template. The model was evaluated, and the active site of the target protein predicted from its sequence using conservation analysis. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed to evaluate the stability of the modeled protein structure. In order to evaluate the predicted active site interactions, methionine (the natural substrate of MetRS) and several inhibitors of bacterial MetRS were docked into the constructed model using MOE. After validation of the model, pharmacophore-based virtual screening for a systemically prepared dataset of compounds was performed to prove the feasibility of the proposed model, identifying possible parent compounds for further development of MetRS inhibitors against P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S. Elbaramawi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (S.S.E.); (A.G.E.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Ahmed G. Eissa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (S.S.E.); (A.G.E.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Nada A. Noureldin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (S.S.E.); (A.G.E.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Claire Simons
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
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Periferakis A, Periferakis K, Badarau IA, Petran EM, Popa DC, Caruntu A, Costache RS, Scheau C, Caruntu C, Costache DO. Kaempferol: Antimicrobial Properties, Sources, Clinical, and Traditional Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315054. [PMID: 36499380 PMCID: PMC9740324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a category of plant-derived compounds which exhibit a large number of health-related effects. One of the most well-known and studied flavonoids is kaempferol, which can be found in a wide variety of herbs and plant families. Apart from their anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, kaempferol and its associated compounds also exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities. The development of drugs and treatment schemes based on these compounds is becoming increasingly important in the face of emerging resistance of numerous pathogens as well as complex molecular interactions between various drug therapies. In addition, many of the kaempferol-containing plants are used in traditional systems all over the world for centuries to treat numerous conditions. Due to its variety of sources and associated compounds, some molecular mechanisms of kaempferol antimicrobial activity are well known while others are still under analysis. This paper thoroughly documents the vegetal and food sources of kaempferol as well as the most recent and significant studies regarding its antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
- Orasis Acupuncture Institute, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Madalina Petran
- Department of Biochemistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Grigore Alexandrescu Emergency Children’s Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Codruta Popa
- Department of Biochemistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Clinic, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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Olaniyi OO, Li H, Zhu Y, Cui L. Metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to multiple antibiotics via heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 113:394-402. [PMID: 34963547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of maggots derived from chicken faeces as fish diets might serve as a vehicle for the widespread of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment. Heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy (D2O-Raman) was applied to detect the metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to different concentrations of combined colistin, kanamycin, and vancomycin. By incubating the samples with D2O and antibiotics, metabolically active bacterial cells to antibiotics were distinguished from those inactive by the exhibition of C-D Raman band. Using the C-D band as a universal metabolic biomarker, 96% and 100% of cells in chicken faeces and maggots were revealed to be metabolically active to 1 × minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the afore-mentioned antibiotics. A noticeable decrease in the percentage of active cells from 96% to 76% in faeces and 100% to 93% in maggots was observed at 5 × MIC of antibiotics. However, these ratios were still far above that obtained from the same faeces (1.84%) and maggots (0.51%) samples using a cultivation method, indicating the wide presence of nongrowing but metabolically active bacterial cells under antibiotic treatment. Conclusively, the culture-independent D2O-Raman approach detected and quantified a large portion of metabolically active indigenous bacteria to multiple antibiotics in their native environments, illustrating the great potential risks of these active cells to spread antibiotic resistance via food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladipo Oladiti Olaniyi
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704 Akure, Nigeria
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongguan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Tauseef A, Zafar M, Syyed E, Thirumalareddy J, Sood A, Mirza M. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) in diabetic patients: Treat or not to treat: A prospective, observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1963-1969. [PMID: 34195132 PMCID: PMC8208176 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1894_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The term asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) refers to the isolation of bacteria in a urine specimen of individuals who denied symptoms of urinary tract infection. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease involving multiple organ systems, hallmarked for its chronicity and thus-forth endless complications including asymptomatic bacteriuria. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the characteristics of asymptomatic bacteriuria and antibiotic susceptibility pattern amongst patients with diabetes. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods and Material: The study included all those patients with a diagnosis of diabetes with no signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection but showing the growth of an organism in urine culture. Pregnant females and subjects who used antibiotics in last two weeks were excluded. A total of 222 urine cultures were observed prospectively who met the inclusion criteria through non-probability consecutive sampling. Results: Out of 222 urine cultures observed, mean age of subjects were 62.89 ± 13.77 out of which 76% were females, and 61% had a family history of diabetes. The most frequent organisms isolated were Escherichia. Coli (E. Coli), Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter species. A total of 20 subjects got dual bacterial growth in their cultures among which 17 subjects had a growth of Enterococcus with any other pathogen causing UTI. Gender, family history of diabetes, levels of HBA1c, and older age groups all were found significantly associated with ASB. Conclusions: Our study is the first to analyze and study the associated risk factors amongst ASB in DM patients, and to identify the pathogens involved along with assessing their antibiotic resistance profiles. Also, due to the increase resistance to antibiotics we would recommend to use antibiotics in ASB patients only if they have any two or more comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Tauseef
- Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University Hospital Program, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maryam Zafar
- Resident Physician in Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Erum Syyed
- Medical Student at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Joseph Thirumalareddy
- Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University Hospital Program, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Akshat Sood
- Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University Hospital Program, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohsin Mirza
- Associate Program Director, Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University Hospital Program, Omaha, NE, USA
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Msomi NN, Padayachee T, Nzuza N, Syed PR, Kryś JD, Chen W, Gront D, Nelson DR, Syed K. In Silico Analysis of P450s and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism in the Bacterial Class Gammaproteobacteria. Molecules 2021; 26:1538. [PMID: 33799696 PMCID: PMC7998510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of lifestyle on shaping the genome content of an organism is a well-known phenomenon and cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs/P450s), heme-thiolate proteins that are ubiquitously present in organisms, are no exception. Recent studies focusing on a few bacterial species such as Streptomyces, Mycobacterium, Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes revealed that the impact of lifestyle affected the P450 repertoire in these species. However, this phenomenon needs to be understood in other bacterial species. We therefore performed genome data mining, annotation, phylogenetic analysis of P450s and their role in secondary metabolism in the bacterial class Gammaproteobacteria. Genome-wide data mining for P450s in 1261 Gammaproteobacterial species belonging to 161 genera revealed that only 169 species belonging to 41 genera have P450s. A total of 277 P450s found in 169 species grouped into 84 P450 families and 105 P450 subfamilies, where 38 new P450 families were found. Only 18% of P450s were found to be involved in secondary metabolism in Gammaproteobacterial species, as observed in Firmicutes as well. The pathogenic or commensal lifestyle of Gammaproteobacterial species influences them to such an extent that they have the lowest number of P450s compared to other bacterial species, indicating the impact of lifestyle on shaping the P450 repertoire. This study is the first report on comprehensive analysis of P450s in Gammaproteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombizethu Nokuphiwa Msomi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.N.M.); (T.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Tiara Padayachee
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.N.M.); (T.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Nomfundo Nzuza
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.N.M.); (T.P.); (N.N.)
| | - Puleng Rosinah Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Justyna Dorota Kryś
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wanping Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Dominik Gront
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Khajamohiddin Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.N.M.); (T.P.); (N.N.)
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7
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Asghar MS, Akram M, Singh M, Yasmin F, Yaseen R, Ahmed N, Siddiqui M, Hassan M, Rasheed U, Ali A. Characteristics of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e13562. [PMID: 33791179 PMCID: PMC8004580 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The term asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) refers to the isolation of bacteria in a urine specimen of individuals without any symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease involving multiple organ systems, characterized by its chronicity and hence endless complications including ASB. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of ASB and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among patients with diabetes. Materials and methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The study included patients with a diagnosis of diabetes with no signs and symptoms of UTI but who still showed the growth of an organism in urine culture. A total of 222 urine cultures were analyzed retrospectively, ensuring that they met the inclusion criteria through non-probability consecutive sampling. Results The mean age of the study participants was 62.89 ± 13.77 years; 76% of them were females, and 61% had a family history of diabetes. The most frequent organisms isolated were Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species. A total of 20 subjects had dual bacterial growth in their cultures, with Enterococcus species (n=17) being the most common organism. Gender, family history of diabetes, levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and advanced age were all found significantly associated with ASB. Conclusion Our study is the first of its kind to analyze and examine the risk factors associated with ASB in DM patients, and to identify the pathogens involved, along with assessing their antibiotic resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Akram
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Manjeet Singh
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Farah Yasmin
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Rabail Yaseen
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Mariam Siddiqui
- Internal Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Maira Hassan
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Uzma Rasheed
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Abraish Ali
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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Laway BA, Nabi T, Bhat MH, Fomda BA. Prevalence, clinical profile and follow up of asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with type 2 diabetes-prospective case control study in Srinagar, India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:455-459. [PMID: 33601179 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is more prevalent in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients than non diabetics, but its significance is not fully known. This study was done to estimate the prevalence, clinical profile, risk factors and follow up of ASB in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients compared with matching healthy controls. METHODS Prospective, case-control study involving 400 T2D patients without symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) and 200 age and sex matched healthy controls. Apart from clinical and biochemical parameters, samples for urine examination and culture were taken from all the subjects. ASB was defined as ≥105 colony-forming units/ml of one or two organisms in the absence of symptoms of UTI. RESULTS The prevalence of ASB was significantly higher in T2D (17.5%) as compared to controls (10%). E. coli was the most common organism. On multivariate analysis, postmenopausal state, prior history of UTI, uncontrolled diabetes and longer duration of disease were associated with increased risk of ASB. Presence of ASB was significantly associated with symptomatic UTI at the 6-month follow up without deterioration of renal parameters. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic bacteriuria was more prevalent in people with diabetes than those without diabetes. The presence of ASB may be considered a risk factor for subsequent symptomatic UTI on follow up but has no adverse effect on kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir A Laway
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Tauseef Nabi
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Moomin H Bhat
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir A Fomda
- Department of Endocrinology and Microbiology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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9
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He K, Hu Y, Shi JC, Zhu YQ, Mao XM. Prevalence, risk factors and microorganisms of urinary tract infections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study in China. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018. [PMID: 29520146 PMCID: PMC5834170 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s147078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur more frequently in diabetic patients. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and microorganisms of UTIs in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients and methods A total of 3,652 Chinese inpatients with T2D were reviewed and data on their clinical characteristics, symptoms of UTIs, random blood glucose, HbA1c, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, insulin autoantibody, albumin excretion rate in 24-hour urine, urine culture and susceptibility to antibiotics, and so on were collected. Binary logistic analysis was performed to look for risk factors of UTIs. Results There were 409 (11.2%) patients suffering from UTIs. Gender, age, random blood glucose, insulin autoantibody and albumin excretion rate in 24-hour urine were the risk factors of UTIs in diabetic patients. The percentage of positive urine cultures was higher in the asymptomatic bacteriuria patients than in symptomatic patients (P<0.001). The incidence of septicemia was considerable in the UTIs and asymptomatic bacteriuria groups. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogenic microorganism isolated in diabetic patients with UTIs, and one-half of the E. coli infections were multidrug resistant. Furthermore, meropenem was the most effective antibiotic on E. coli. Conclusion We suggest that a routine urine analysis or urine culture should be conducted in patients with T2D diabetes who have the identified risk factors. The UTIs might affect the islet function or blood glucose control in patients with T2D. Before a doctor decides to prescribe antibiotics to a diabetic patient with UTIs, the drug sensitivity test should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Qing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium and is well known for its ability to robustly swarm across surfaces in a striking bulls'-eye pattern. Clinically, this organism is most frequently a pathogen of the urinary tract, particularly in patients undergoing long-term catheterization. This review covers P. mirabilis with a focus on urinary tract infections (UTI), including disease models, vaccine development efforts, and clinical perspectives. Flagella-mediated motility, both swimming and swarming, is a central facet of this organism. The regulation of this complex process and its contribution to virulence is discussed, along with the type VI-secretion system-dependent intra-strain competition, which occurs during swarming. P. mirabilis uses a diverse set of virulence factors to access and colonize the host urinary tract, including urease and stone formation, fimbriae and other adhesins, iron and zinc acquisition, proteases and toxins, biofilm formation, and regulation of pathogenesis. While significant advances in this field have been made, challenges remain to combatting complicated UTI and deciphering P. mirabilis pathogenesis.
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Pérez Díaz CE, Ojeda JSB. Utilidad del gram de orina en patología quirúrgica urológica: una herramienta olvidada. Rev Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-789x(14)50005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Ipe DS, Sundac L, Benjamin WH, Moore KH, Ulett GC. Asymptomatic bacteriuria: prevalence rates of causal microorganisms, etiology of infection in different patient populations, and recent advances in molecular detection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 346:1-10. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak S. Ipe
- School of Medical Sciences; Centre for Medicine and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast; QLD; Australia
| | - Lana Sundac
- Department of Medicine; Gold Coast Hospital; Southport; QLD; Australia
| | | | - Kate H. Moore
- Department of Urogynaecology; The St George Hospital; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; Australia
| | - Glen C. Ulett
- School of Medical Sciences; Centre for Medicine and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast; QLD; Australia
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Chiu PF, Huang CH, Liou HH, Wu CL, Wang SC, Chang CC. Long-term renal outcomes of episodic urinary tract infection in diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:41-3. [PMID: 22995654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urinary tract infection (UTI) exists in 9%-20% of female and 3%-11% of male patients with diabetes. Diabetic patients experience increased risk of bacteremia, hospitalization, and mortality; however, few studies report long-term renal outcomes of episodic UTI in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated 225 diabetic patients admitted with UTI from 2001 to 2011. Based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on admission, we divided the patients into early- (GFR ≥30 ml/min; n=131) and late-stage (stages 4 and 5, GFR <30 ml/min; n=94) CKD groups. We compared admission risk factors, post-UTI GFR decline and its long term trend between these groups. RESULTS Poor glycemic control contributed to admission with UTI in the early- and late-stage CKD patients (glycosylated hemoglobin: (9.7±2.8% versus 8.6±2.6%). Early-stage CKD patients exhibited higher urinary glucose. Besides, acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred on admission in late-stage CKD patients (mean eGFR 14.2 ml/min). However, if the infection was cured, almost all diabetic patients reverted to their GFR trends 6 months later. CONCLUSIONS Late-stage CKD diabetic patients with UTI are at increased risk of superimposed AKI. Almost all patients gradually reverted to their GFR trend later after infection was cured. Early recognition of complicating AKI factors and aggressive treatment of symptomatic UTI instead of antibiotic prophylaxis for asymptomatic bacteriuria are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Fang Chiu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Casqueiro J, Casqueiro J, Alves C. Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: A review of pathogenesis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16 Suppl 1:S27-36. [PMID: 22701840 PMCID: PMC3354930 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.94253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, infectious diseases are more frequent and/or serious in patients with diabetes mellitus, which potentially increases their morbimortality. The greater frequency of infections in diabetic patients is caused by the hyperglycemic environment that favors immune dysfunction (e.g., damage to the neutrophil function, depression of the antioxidant system, and humoral immunity), micro- and macro-angiopathies, neuropathy, decrease in the antibacterial activity of urine, gastrointestinal and urinary dysmotility, and greater number of medical interventions in these patients. The infections affect all organs and systems. Some of these problems are seen mostly in diabetic people, such as foot infections, malignant external otitis, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, and gangrenous cholecystitis. In addition to the increased morbidity, infectious processes may be the first manifestation of diabetes mellitus or the precipitating factors for complications inherent to the disease, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia. Immunization with anti-pneumococcal and influenza vaccines is recommended to reduce hospitalizations, deaths, and medical expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Casqueiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Universitario Prof. Edgard Santos, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Janine Casqueiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Universitario Prof. Edgard Santos, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cresio Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Universitario Prof. Edgard Santos, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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