Vascular anomaly in bilateral ectopic kidney: a case report

Pelvic kidney with double, venous drainage

An ectopic kidney is defined as an atypically placed kidney, due to improper migration from the fetal pelvis, during embryogenesis. The presented CT scan of 72-year-old male with pain and visible hematuria reveals that the right kidney is located in the pelvis. The ectopic kidney has malrotation with a calcified artery and 2 veins. One draining in the right common iliac vein and the other connected to the left common iliac vein-near the bifurcation of vena cava inferior. Usually, pelvic ectopy is asymptomatic. However, it may lead to elevated blood pressure, increased risk of stone formation, infections, and traumatism, due to the atypical anatomical position. Variations in the anatomy of the kidney and its vascular supply are of clinical importance. It is possible to encounter a radiological, surgical, or cancer case, such as the presented.

Persisting subcardinal vein associated with unilateral ectopic pelvic kidney

Absence of left kidney was noted during routine anatomy dissection of a male cadaver of South Indian origin. On examination of the abdomen and pelvic cavities; an ovoid mass of tissue was found in the pelvis, anterolateral to the sacrum. Further dissection revealed the presence of an ectopic left side kidney. The ectopic kidney was lying inferior to the sigmoid colon and anterior to the bifurcation of left common iliac vessel. It was supplied by numerous aberrant vessels from the terminal part of abdominal aorta. One of the renal veins which drain the ectopic kidney was found to be persisting subcardinal vein and it is a novel finding. Such ectopic pelvic kidneys are susceptible to blunt trauma, iatrogenic injuries as well as pathologic manifestations.

A unilateral pelvic kidney with variant vasculature: clinical significance

The incidence of ectopic pelvic kidney accounts for ~1 of 2500 live births. Although pelvic kidneys are most often asymptomatic, they may be associated with several pathologies including hypertension. As pelvic kidney results from a brief interference of the ascension of the developing kidney, it is frequently accompanied by an atypical and variable blood supply. The presence of multiple arteries and veins and their abnormal course and morphology are associated with surgical and radiological significance. Malrotation of the kidney with extrarenal calyces further predisposes the pelvic kidney to recurrent urinary tract infections. This report describes a rare case of a unilateral pelvic kidney with vascular and calyceal variations, and this case is reported to provide additional insight into this variation and its correlation to clinical practice.

Crossed Unfused Ectopic Pelvic Kidneys: A Case Illustration

Crossed unfused ectopia constitutes a very rare variant of ectopic kidneys, with an approximate incidence of 1 : 75000. We hereby describe a rare case of an incidental finding of crossed unfused ectopic kidneys, in a 45-year-old gentleman incidentally found to have a bladder lesion. The unique blood supply of his kidneys has also been described. The present case also highlights the different subtypes of renal ectopia, the different embryological hypotheses behind their presentation, and the various systematic anomalies, associated with them. Variations in vasculature of ectopic kidneys have been only described in case reports and are crucial to recognize in case any further intervention is needed.

An extremely rare case of unilateral renal arterial and venous multiple deformity, combined with duplex pelvis and malrotation

Renal vascular deformity (RVD) happens during the embryonic period when kidneys ascend into the lumber region. However, the exact etiology of this deformity remains unknown. RVD is not a rare congenital anomaly in urology as many cases with vascular deformity have been reported.However, no case has been reported with unilateral kidney almost in the normal position, but with several different branches of ectopic arteries-one even receiving the arterial supply from the contralateral iliac artery-and ectopic veins, one of which forms a collateral circulation with the portal vein. Moreover, it is quite interesting that this case of RVD is combined with another abnormality-duplex pelvis and renal malrotation. We will present this extremely rare case of multiple malformation of the right renal vascular deformity combined with duplex pelvis and malrotation.