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Chacón C, Mounieres C, Ampuero S, Urzúa U. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Aged Nulliparous Mouse Ovary Suggests a Stress State That Promotes Pro-Inflammatory Lipid Signaling and Epithelial Cell Enrichment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:513. [PMID: 38203684 PMCID: PMC10779227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) incidence and mortality peaks at post-menopause while OC risk is either reduced by parity or increased by nulliparity during fertile life. The long-term effect of nulliparity on ovarian gene expression is largely unknown. In this study, we describe a bioinformatic/data-mining analysis of 112 coding genes upregulated in the aged nulliparous (NP) mouse ovary compared to the aged multiparous one as reference. Canonical gene ontology and pathway analyses indicated a pro-oxidant, xenobiotic-like state accompanied by increased metabolism of inflammatory lipid mediators. Up-regulation of typical epithelial cell markers in the aged NP ovary was consistent with synchronized overexpression of Cldn3, Ezr, Krt7, Krt8 and Krt18 during the pre-neoplastic phase of mOSE cell cultures in a former transcriptome study. In addition, 61/112 genes were upregulated in knockout mice for Fshr and for three other tumor suppressor genes (Pten, Cdh1 and Smad3) known to regulate follicular homeostasis in the mammalian ovary. We conclude that the aged NP ovary displays a multifaceted stress state resulting from oxidative imbalance and pro-inflammatory lipid signaling. The enriched epithelial cell content might be linked to follicle depletion and is consistent with abundant clefts and cysts observed in aged human and mouse ovaries. It also suggests a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in the mOSE of the aged NP ovary. Our analysis suggests that in the long term, nulliparity worsens a variety of deleterious effects of aging and senescence thereby increasing susceptibility to cancer initiation in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Chacón
- Laboratorio de Genómica Aplicada, Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Constanza Mounieres
- Laboratorio de Genómica Aplicada, Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Sandra Ampuero
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Ulises Urzúa
- Laboratorio de Genómica Aplicada, Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.C.); (C.M.)
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Molecular Regulation of Androgen Receptors in Major Female Reproductive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147556. [PMID: 35886904 PMCID: PMC9322163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three main types of cancer in the female reproductive system, specifically ovarian cancer (OVCA), endometrial cancer (EC), and cervical cancer (CC). They are common malignant tumors in women worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, androgen receptors (ARs) have been found to be closely related to the occurrence, progression, prognosis, and drug resistance of these three types of tumors. This paper summarizes current views on the role of AR in female reproductive system cancer, the associations between female reproductive system cancers and AR expression and polymorphisms. AR regulates the downstream target genes transcriptional activity and the expression via interacting with coactivators/corepressors and upstream/downstream regulators and through the gene transcription mechanism of “classical A/AR signaling” or “non-classical AR signaling”, involving a large number of regulatory factors and signaling pathways. ARs take part in the processes of cancer cell proliferation, migration/invasion, cancer cell stemness, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. These findings suggest that the AR and related regulators could target the treatment of female reproductive system cancer.
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Gómora MJ, Morales-Vásquez F, Pedernera E, Perez-Montiel D, López-Basave H, Villa AR, Hernández-Martínez A, Mena E, Mendez C. Sexual steroid hormone receptors profiles of ovarian carcinoma in Mexican women. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1006-1012. [PMID: 30012649 PMCID: PMC6198187 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The significance of the presence of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in ovarian cancer patient survival has been a matter of numerous studies. This study was aimed to describe the expression profile of the three sexual steroid receptors in high-grade serous, endometrioid, mucinous and low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and its association to the proliferation index in patients with primary ovarian carcinoma diagnosis, before any treatment. Eighty-one samples were obtained from the National Institute of Cancerology in Mexico City and were evaluated for the presence of AR, ER, PR and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry. The four subtypes of ovarian carcinoma displays a specific profile of the eight possible combinations of the steroid receptors with significant differences within the profile and the histological subtypes. High-grade serous carcinoma was characterized by a high frequency of both, triple-negative and AR+ ER- PR+ profiles. Endometrioid carcinoma presented a higher frequency of triple-positive profile. The presence of only AR+ profile was not observed in the endometrioid tumors. The relationship of the receptor profile with the proliferation index in the tumor epithelium shows that the expression of only ER is associated to a reduced proliferation index in endometrioid carcinoma. Steroid hormone receptor expression and co-expression could help characterize ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Gómora
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Flavia Morales-Vásquez
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Enrique Pedernera
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Delia Perez-Montiel
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Horacio López-Basave
- Departamento de Cirugía Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Antonio R Villa
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Azucena Hernández-Martínez
- Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Esteban Mena
- Unidad de Apoyo Académico, Secretaría General, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Carmen Mendez
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Mendez:
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Panoulis K, Christantoni E, Pliatsika P, Anagnostis P, Goulis DG, Kondi-Pafiti A, Armeni E, Augoulea A, Triantafyllou N, Creatsa M, Lambrinoudaki I. Expression of gonadal steroid receptors in the ovaries of post-menopausal women with malignant or benign endometrial pathology: a pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:613-7. [PMID: 26036714 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1021324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to investigate the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), as well as their subtypes [alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ)], in the ovaries of postmenopausal women with benign or malignant endometrial pathology. Twenty postmenopausal women (age 66.2 ± 7.4 years) were included, diagnosed with benign (n = 10) or malignant [(serous/papillary (n = 4), endometrioid (n = 6)] endometrial lesions. Higher ERβ and PR ovarian expressions were observed comparing women with endometrioid versus non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (p = 0.022 and p = 0.029, respectively). Age, age at menarche and presence of hypertension were negatively associated with ERs and PR expression. The expression of ERα and ERβ was inversely correlated with menopausal age, which was not verified for PR. No significant association was observed between ERs or PR expression and benign or malignant endometrial pathology. Higher expression of ERβ and PR in the postmenopausal ovary is associated with the presence of a less aggressive type of endometrial cancer, comparing women with endometrioid versus non-endometrioid lesions. The expression pattern of ovarian receptors did not differ regarding the development of benign or malignant endometrial lesions. Larger observational studies are necessary to confirm the significance of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Panoulis
- a Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Evanthia Christantoni
- a Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Paraskevi Pliatsika
- a Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- b Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece , and
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- b Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece , and
| | - Agathi Kondi-Pafiti
- a Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Eleni Armeni
- a Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Areti Augoulea
- a Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Nikolaos Triantafyllou
- c First Neurology Department , Aiginiteion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Creatsa
- a Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- a Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Gibson DA, Simitsidellis I, Collins F, Saunders PTK. Evidence of androgen action in endometrial and ovarian cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:T203-18. [PMID: 24623742 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer are common gynaecological malignancies. The impact of androgen action in these cancers is poorly understood; however, there is emerging evidence to suggest that targeting androgen signalling may be of therapeutic benefit. Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is an increased risk of EC associated with exposure to elevated levels of androgens, and genetic variants in genes related to both androgen biosynthesis and action are associated with an increased risk of both EC and ovarian cancer. Androgen receptors (ARs) may be a potential therapeutic target in EC due to reported anti-proliferative activities of androgens. By contrast, androgens may promote growth of some ovarian cancers and anti-androgen therapy has been proposed. Introduction of new therapies targeting ARs expressed in EC or ovarian cancer will require a much greater understanding of the impacts of cell context-specific AR-dependent signalling and how ARs can crosstalk with other steroid receptors during progression of disease. This review considers the evidence that androgens may be important in the aetiology of EC and ovarian cancer with discussion of evidence for androgen action in normal and malignant endometrial and ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Gibson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ioannis Simitsidellis
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Frances Collins
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Philippa T K Saunders
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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