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Bisetegn FS, Azene H, Ahmed KS, Wadilo F, Tufa EG. Extended spectrum and metalo beta lactamase producing gram negative bacterial pathogens from cockroaches collected at hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:87. [PMID: 39135145 PMCID: PMC11321132 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockroaches can pose a significant health risk in hospital environments because they may serve as reservoirs and vectors for nosocomial pathogens. Cockroaches harbor epidemiologically significant extended spectrum and metalo beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacterial pathogens, which complicate nosocomial infections. OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study is to determine aetiology and phenotypic extended spectrum and metalo beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria pathogens from cockroaches collected in hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was employed from February to May 2022 to determine the antibiotic resistance producing bacterial isolates from cockroaches by giving special emphasis to metalo beta lactamase and extended spectrum beta lactamase production from different wards of WSUCSH. Cockroaches were collected with hands wearing sterile gloves. External homogenate was prepared and incubated microbiologically by using different culture media and differentiated biochemically. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. ESBL production was conducted using double disc synergy method and double disk method was used to detect MBL enzyme detection. Descriptive statistics was used to determine prevalence and percentage. RESULT Out of 245 cockroaches, 108 Gram negative bacteria were isolated. K. pneumoniae 29(26.9%) was the most predominant bacteria and Enetrobacter spp. 8(7.4%), was the least. All, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and Enterobacter isolates were pan-resistant to Ampicillin. P.aeruginosa and P.mirabilis antibiotics showed ≥ 80% resistant for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid antibiotics. Cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and imipenem showed relative efficacy compared with other antibiotics. Out of 78 amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistant isolates, 42(34.7%) were ESBL producers. ESBL production is more depicted by P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and E. coli. The overall prevalence of MBL production is 29(23.1%). K. pneumoniae P. aeruginosa, E.coli, A. baumannii, Enterobacter spp and K.oxytoca revealed MBL production. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of ESBL and MBL producing nosocomial agents from hospital cockroaches was 34.7% and 23.1% respectively. P.aeruginosa, A.baumannii, K.pneumoniae and E.coli showed pronounced ESBL production. All bacterial isolates except P. mirabilis and C. freundii showed MBL production. The needed to evaluate our antibiotic stewardship program and antibiotic resistance detection for treatment is mandatory. The impact of cockroach as a source of AMR should be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fithamlak Solomon Bisetegn
- School of Medical Laboratory, College of health sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, P.O.Box: 138, Ethiopia.
| | - Habtamu Azene
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Khawaja Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Medical laboratory sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Fiseha Wadilo
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Efrata Girma Tufa
- School of public health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Danasekaran R. One Health: A Holistic Approach to Tackling Global Health Issues. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:260-263. [PMID: 38665439 PMCID: PMC11042131 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_521_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
One Health approach is a concept which provides a comprehensive framework to address the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health in tackling global health challenges. It emphasizes the urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach to effectively address emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental degradation. The article highlights the importance of collaboration, communication, and coordination among diverse stakeholders as well as the integration of human and animal healthcare systems. It emphasizes the significance of sharing data, expertise, and resources to enhance disease surveillance and rapid response. The transformative potential of One Health in addressing global health issues and creating a resilient future is underscored. This article provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals, emphasizing the integration of disciplines to safeguard health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Danasekaran
- Department of Community Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shakibaie MR, Modaresi F, Azizi O, Tadjrobehkar O, Ghaemi MM. Conformational changes in the AdeB transmembrane efflux pump by amphiphilic peptide Mastoparan-B, down-regulates expression of the adeB Gene and restores antibiotics Susceptibility.. [DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTNo report exists on the role of Mastoparan B (MP-B) as an RND efflux pump inhibitor in multi-drug resistant (MDR)Acinetobacter baumannii. Here, we performed a series of in-silico experiments to predict the inhibition of the AdeB efflux pump by MP-B as a drug target agent. For this reason, an MDR strain ofA. baumanniiwas subjected to MICs against 12 antibiotics as well as MP-B. Expression of the adeB gene in the presence and absence of sub-MIC of MP-B was studied by qRT-PCR. It was found that MP-B had potent antimicrobial activity (MIC=1 μg/ml) associated with a 20-fold decrease in theadeB gene expression at the sub-MIC level. The stereochemical analysis using several automated servers confirmed that the AdeB protein is an inner membrane of the RND tripartite complex system with helix-turn-helix conformation and a pore rich in Phe, Ala, and Lys residue. Furthermore, 20 ligands were generated from the initial docked poses to create the correct protein-peptide complexes using the BioLiP pipeline. The pose showed high Z=1.2, C=1.41, TM=0.99, and RMSD=4.4 scores was selected for docking purposes. The molecular docking via AutoDock/Vina revealed that MP-B form H-bound with Val 499, Phe 454, Thr 474, Ser 461, Gly 465, and Tyr 468 residues of the AdeB helix-5 and caused a shift in the dihedral angle (Φ/Ψ) by distances of 9.0 Å, 9.3 Å, and 9.6 Å, respectively. This shift in folding was detected by AlphaFold 2 and influenced the overall druggability of the protein. From the above results, we concluded that MP-B can be a good candidate for bacterial efflux pump inhibition.
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Kumari M, Bhattarai NR, Rai K, Pandit TK, Khanal B. Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter: Detection of ESBL, MBL, bla NDM-1 Genotype, and Biofilm Formation at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:8168000. [PMID: 36536809 PMCID: PMC9759386 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8168000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Acinetobacter species is an important hospital-acquired pathogen. The rapid development of resistance to multiple drugs and the ability to form biofilm make these bacteria more adaptable to survive in healthcare facilities, thus posing a challenge to their effective management. Objective This study aimed to characterize clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and ability to form biofilm. Resistant Acinetobacter was further analyzed for the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo β-lactamases (MBLs), carbapenemase production, and presence of blaNDM-1 gene. Materials and Methods A total of 324 Acinetobacter species were isolated from various clinical specimens which were submitted to the Department of Microbiology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, and were studied for antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of ESBL and MBL production, and formerly biofilm formation was performed by standard microbiological methods. PCR was carried out to determine the presence of the blaNDM-1 gene. Results The predominant Acinetobacter species isolated was A calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex (Acb complex) 167 (51.5%). Among those, all A. species 128 (40%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). In which 13 (4.0%) were ESBL producers, 70 (61.9%) were MBL, and 12 (10.6%) were carbapenemases producers. The blaNDM1 gene was present in 33 isolates. Thirty-seven percent (121/324) of isolates formed biofilm. The majority of A. species were resistant to cefotaxime 73.8% (239) and cefepime 74.4% (241). A significant proportion of biofilm producers were MDR (p < 0.001). Conclusion Drug-resistant Acinetobacter formed a substantial proportion of this hospital's samples with a large presence of the bla NDM-1 gene. A matter of great concern is the association of multidrug-resistant phenotype with biofilm formation. This situation warranted stringent surveillance and adherence to infection prevention and control practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Narayan Raj Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Keshav Rai
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Tejendra Kumar Pandit
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Basudha Khanal
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Heuer C, Preuss JA, Buttkewitz M, Scheper T, Segal E, Bahnemann J. A 3D-printed microfluidic gradient generator with integrated photonic silicon sensors for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4950-4961. [PMID: 36412200 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With antimicrobial resistance becoming a major threat to healthcare settings around the world, there is a paramount need for rapid point-of-care antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) diagnostics. Unfortunately, most currently available clinical AST tools are lengthy, laborious, or are simply inappropriate for point-of-care testing. Herein, we design a 3D-printed microfluidic gradient generator that automatically produces two-fold dilution series of clinically relevant antimicrobials. We first establish the compatibility of these generators for classical AST (i.e., broth microdilution) and then extend their application to include a complete on-chip label-free and phenotypic AST. This is accomplished by the integration of photonic silicon chips, which provide a preferential surface for microbial colonization and allow optical tracking of bacterial behavior and growth at a solid-liquid interface in real-time by phase shift reflectometric interference spectroscopic measurements (PRISM). Using Escherichia coli and ciprofloxacin as a model pathogen-drug combination, we successfully determine the minimum inhibitory concentration within less than 90 minutes. This gradient generator-based PRISM assay provides an integrated AST device that is viable for convenient point-of-care testing and offers a promising and most importantly, rapid alternative to current clinical practices, which extend to 8-24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Heuer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 320003 Haifa, Israel.
| | - John-Alexander Preuss
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Buttkewitz
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 320003 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
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The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections among the Iranian ICU patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Catalán P, Wood E, Blair JMA, Gudelj I, Iredell JR, Beardmore RE. Seeking patterns of antibiotic resistance in ATLAS, an open, raw MIC database with patient metadata. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2917. [PMID: 35614098 PMCID: PMC9133080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance represents a growing medical concern where raw, clinical datasets are under-exploited as a means to track the scale of the problem. We therefore sought patterns of antibiotic resistance in the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) database. ATLAS holds 6.5M minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 3,919 pathogen-antibiotic pairs isolated from 633k patients in 70 countries between 2004 and 2017. We show most pairs form coherent, although not stationary, timeseries whose frequencies of resistance are higher than other databases, although we identified no systematic bias towards including more resistant strains in ATLAS. We sought data anomalies whereby MICs could shift for methodological and not clinical or microbiological reasons and found artefacts in over 100 pathogen-antibiotic pairs. Using an information-optimal clustering methodology to classify pathogens into low and high antibiotic susceptibilities, we used ATLAS to predict changes in resistance. Dynamics of the latter exhibit complex patterns with MIC increases, and some decreases, whereby subpopulations' MICs can diverge. We also identify pathogens at risk of developing clinical resistance in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Catalán
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos, Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Leganés, Spain.
| | - Emily Wood
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Jessica M A Blair
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ivana Gudelj
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Jonathan R Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital,Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert E Beardmore
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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Ganeshan S, Shakibaie MR, Rajagopal R. Insights from the molecular docking analysis of colistin with the PmrA protein model from Acinetobacter baumannii. Bioinformation 2022; 18:41-49. [PMID: 35815194 PMCID: PMC9200612 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. Therefore, it is of interest to design and develop drugs against Acinetobacter baumannii. A strain of AB showing MIC 32 µg/ml against colistin was isolated from a hospital environment in Iran. Hence, we document data to glean insights from the molecular docking analysis of colistin with the PmrA protein from this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Ganeshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Tips college of arts and science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641107, India
| | - Mohammad Reza Shakibaie
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rajaguru Rajagopal
- Research Scholar Department of Pharmaceutics, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Pondicherry-605006, India
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Akhter S, Hossain MW, Sultana S, Ferdous Jharna J, Sultana Meghla N, Alam R, Anis-Ul-Haque K, Mashiar Rahman M. Ruellia prostrata Poir. activity evaluated by phytoconstituents, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and in silico molecular functions. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ali A, Liaqat S, Tariq H, Abbas S, Arshad M, Li WJ, Ahmed I. Neonatal calf diarrhea: A potent reservoir of multi-drug resistant bacteria, environmental contamination and public health hazard in Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149450. [PMID: 34426357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Though emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the environment is a demonstrated worldwide phenomenon, limited research is reported about the prevalence of resistant bacteria in fecal ecology of neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) animals in Pakistan. The present study aimed to identify and assess the prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their resistance potential in the fecal ecology of NCD diseased animals of Pakistan. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM, blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M, qnrS) was also investigated. A total of 51 bacterial isolates were recovered from feces of young diarrheic animals (n = 11), collected from 7 cities of Pakistan and identified on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Selected isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to characterize the blaTEM, blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M, qnrS and mcr-1 antibiotic resistance genes. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences (Accession numbers: LC488898 to LC488948), all isolates were identified that belonged to seventeen genera with the highest prevalence rate for phylum Proteobacteria and genus Bacillus (23%). Antibiotic susceptibility explained the prevalence of resistance in isolates ciprofloxacin (100%), ampicillin (100%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (85%), tetracycline (75%), amoxicillin (55%), ofloxacin (50%), ceftazidime (45%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (45%), levofloxacin (30%), cefpodoxime (25%), cefotaxime (25%), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (20%), and imipenem (10%). MICs demonstrated that almost 90% isolates were multi-drug resistant (against at least three antibiotics), specially against ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline with the highest resistance levels for Shigella sp. (NCCP-421) (MIC-CIP up to 75 μg mL-1) and Escherichia sp. (NCCP-432) (MIC-TET up to 250 μg mL-1). PCR-assisted detection of antibiotic resistance genes showed that 54% isolates were positive for blaTEM gene, 7% isolates were positive for blaCTX-M gene, 23% isolates were positive for each of qnrS and mcr-1 genes, 23% isolates were co-positive in combinations of qnrS and mcr-1 genes and blaTEM and mcr-1 genes, whereas none of the isolate showed presence of blaNDM-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- National Microbial Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Bio-resources Conservation Institute (BCI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Liaqat
- National Microbial Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Bio-resources Conservation Institute (BCI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Tariq
- National Microbial Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Bio-resources Conservation Institute (BCI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Abbas
- Department of Zoology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- National Microbial Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Bio-resources Conservation Institute (BCI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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In silico Characterization of Biofilm-Associated Protein (Bap) Identified in a Multi-drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolate. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jommid.9.4.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Ghahraman MRK, Hosseini-Nave H, Azizi O, Shakibaie MR, Mollaie HR, Shakibaie S. Molecular characterization of lpxACD and pmrA/B two-component regulatory system in the colistin resistance Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ghahraman MRK, Hosseini-Nave H, Azizi O, Shakibaie MR, Mollaie HR, Shakibaie S. Molecular characterization of lpxACD and pmrA/B two-component regulatory system in the colistin resistance Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ghahraman MRK, Hosseini-Nave H, Azizi O, Shakibaie MR, Mollaie HR, Shakibaie S. Molecular characterization of lpxACD and pmrA/B two-component regulatory system in the colistin resistance Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Joshi K, Mazumder B, Chattopadhyay P, Bora NS, Goyary D, Karmakar S. Graphene Family of Nanomaterials: Reviewing Advanced Applications in Drug delivery and Medicine. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:195-214. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181031162208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene in nano form has proven to be one of the most remarkable materials. It has a single
atom thick molecular structure and it possesses exceptional physical strength, electrical and electronic
properties. Applications of the Graphene Family of Nanomaterials (GFNs) in different fields of therapy
have emerged, including for targeted drug delivery in cancer, gene delivery, antimicrobial therapy, tissue
engineering and more recently in more diseases including HIV. This review seeks to analyze current
advances of potential applications of graphene and its family of nano-materials for drug delivery and
other major biomedical purposes. Moreover, safety and toxicity are the major roadblocks preventing the
use of GFNs in therapeutics. This review intends to analyze the safety and biocompatibility of GFNs
along with the discussion on the latest techniques developed for toxicity reduction and biocompatibility
enhancement of GFNs. This review seeks to evaluate how GFNs in future will serve as biocompatible
and useful biomaterials in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Odeyemi SW, Afolayan AJ. Characterization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Albuca setosa Aqueous Bulb Extract. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x18500230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biologically synthesized nanoparticles are rapidly evolving because it is cost effective and eco-friendly, this also contributes to its preference over nanoparticles from other sources. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Albuca setosa aqueous bulb (ASB) extracts and the biological activities evaluated. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized from ASB extracts using silver nitrate and characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antioxidant activity was determined by evaluating the effect on 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, 2,2[Formula: see text]-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS). The antibacterial potential was investigated on selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria while the cytotoxicity was evaluated on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (ATCC HTB-26). Albuca setosa silver nanoparticles (AS-AgNPs) was formed within 60 min reaction time of UV–Vis absorption. The FTIR showed that acid anhydride, alkene, amine, aldehyde, ester, ketone and carbonyl groups contributed to the synthesis of the AS-AgNPs, while SEM and TEM showed stable irregular shaped monodispersed silver nanoparticles with average size of 7 nm. The XRD patterns revealed diffraction peaks at [Formula: see text] and 92.37∘ that was indexed to (1 1 0), (1 1 0), (1 0 0), (1 0 0) and (1 0 0) planes of face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles possess good antioxidant activity with IC50 of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml for DPPH and ABTS, respectively, and inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus with MIC of 25 and 15[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml respectively. AS-AgNPs also revealed higher cytotoxic efficacy against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with IC50 of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml. AS-AgNPs showed acceptable size and shape of nanoparticles and could therefore be a potential source of antimicrobial and anticancer agents. It can be concluded that the synthesized AS-AgNPs is a good source of anticancer agent with broad spectrum of antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wale Odeyemi
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Rebic V, Masic N, Teskeredzic S, Aljicevic M, Abduzaimovic A, Rebic D. The Importance of Acinetobacter Species in the Hospital Environment. Med Arch 2018; 72:325-329. [PMID: 30524162 PMCID: PMC6282909 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2018.72.330-334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acinetobacter species is associated with health care associated infections especially in patients on respiratory therapy equipment and indwelling catheters. They are becoming increasingly drug resistant. The knowledge of the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter spp. is important. AIMS The study is undertaken to estimate the prevalence rate, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolates. in Acinetobacter spp. from various clinical samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS The isolates of Acinetobacter species obtained from various clinical specimen. Specimens were processed by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests of the Acinetobacter isolates were done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS Out of 622 isolates, 399 isolates were from inpatients (62,18%) and 223 were from outpatients (37,82%). More than 90% of isolates displayed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, caftriaxon and amikacin. Resistance to gentamicin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were also common. Least resistance was seen to piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. A total of 125 Acinetobacter isolates were analyzed, out of which 78.4 % were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Of these MDR isolates, 17.24% were pan-resistant. A. baumannii was the most common species responsible for wound infection (84,8%), pneumonia(96,15%), abscess (72.7%), urinary tract infection (85,7%) and septicemia(89,5%). CONCLUSION Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is critical in the treatment of infections caused by Acinetobacter. Continued surveillance of prevalent organisms in ICUs, combined with preventive measures remains absolutely essential in efforts to prevent or limit the spread of Acinetobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velma Rebic
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nejra Masic
- Public Health Center, Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanela Teskeredzic
- Department of Microbiology, Public Hospital Travnik, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mufida Aljicevic
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amila Abduzaimovic
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Damir Rebic
- Clinical for Nephrology, Clinical Center of Sarajevo University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Davoudi-Monfared E, Khalili H. The threat of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria in a Middle East region. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1831-1880. [PMID: 30425536 PMCID: PMC6203168 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s176049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the status of carbapenem-resistant microorganisms in the Middle East countries are scarce. The aim of this review was to collect available data regarding resistance to carbapenems in a Middle East region. Available data regarding carbapenem-resistant isolates were considered for evaluation in this review. Biomedical electronic databases were systematically searched to find related articles. The key terms used were "carbapenem-resistant, resistant gram-negative bacilli, Enterobacteriaceae, fermenting and non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella and Iran". After primary screening, 275 relevant articles were selected to be assessed thoroughly. Resistance rate to carbapenems was reported between 1% and 86% during years 2006-2018. Most of the carbapenem-resistant microorganisms were isolated from burn patients. Modified Hodge test was a commonly used phenotypic test. Only in few studies, genotypic assays were considered. Pattern of antibiotic use can affect emergence of resistant microorganisms. Rational use of drugs, and specifically, antibiotics is a challenging issue in developing countries. Mean number of drugs per prescription in these countries was higher than the World Health Organization standards. Overuse of antibiotics, especially injectable ones, and easy access to antibiotics without prescription is a warning alarm for future antibiotic resistance in developing countries. Establishing antimicrobial stewardship's programs is new in the hospitals. Unfortunately, rules and regulatory issues to restrict antibiotic access in community pharmacies and prescription by general physicians are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Davoudi-Monfared
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Hossein Khalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Ranjbar R, Tolon SS, Zayeri S, Sami M. The Frequency of Antibiotic Resistance and ESBLs Among Clinically Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Patients in a Major Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:254-260. [PMID: 30197699 PMCID: PMC6110056 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics limits treatment options, increases morbidity and mortality, and raises the risk of antibiotic-associated adverse events. Antibacterial resistance emerges rapidly following an increase in the consumption of antibiotics against infectious diseases. The spread of ESBL producing strains has a limiting factor based on antibiotic function for the treatment of infections particularly caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and distribution of blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV genes among A. baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples at a major hospital in Teheran, Iran. Methods: A. baumannii strains were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The disc diffusion and combined discs methods were used for testing antimicrobial susceptibility and to identify the strains producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL), respectively. DNA extraction was done by boiling method. Finally, the frequency of resistant genes including blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV in ESBL producing isolates was studied by PCR. Results: Gender distribution in this study was 53 (53%) samples for men and 47 (47%) for women. Totally, one hundred A. baumannii strains were isolated. More than 93% of the isolates were multi drug resistant. The highest to lowest antibiotic resistance was observed against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (98%), ceftriaxone (96%), cefotaxime (94%), and ceftazidime (93%), respectively. The frequency of positive phenotypic test of ESBL was 19% and 16% for CAZ-C and CTX-C, respectively. The frequency of blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV genes was 52.1, 43.4, and 21.7, respectively. Conclusion: A. baumannii isolates exhibited an extremely worrying level of antibiotic resistance, and a high percentage of the isolates showed MDR in this study. This is a serious warning because ESBLs are a major threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics that are currently available for medical uses. The frequency of genes encoded ESBL isolates of A. baumannii may be due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad S Tolon
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Zayeri
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Tewari R, Chopra D, Wazahat R, Dhingra S, Dudeja M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of an Emerging Multidrug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogen: Acinetobacter baumannii. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:129-134. [PMID: 30899194 PMCID: PMC6422561 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) bacterium, a nosocomial pathogen associated with a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options have emerged as a serious problem throughout the world. The present study aimed to assess the current levels of antibiotic susceptibility among the isolates of Acinetobacter species. The sensitivity patterns were analysed from various clinical specimens obtained from both in-patients and outpatients of a teaching hospital. Isolation was performed on 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar. Urine samples were inoculated into CLED agar. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the disc diffusion method. A total of 16,452 samples were collected. The total number of samples positive for Acinetobacter species was 67 (0.4%). The highest number of isolates 26 (38.8%) were obtained from urine. Majority 80.3% of the isolates exhibited resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to colistin (100%). The susceptibility rate of A. baumannii isolates was 80% for tigecycline and 53.3% for carbapenem. Combination therapies including colistin and tigecycline seem to be the rational treatment for MDR A. baumannii until new alternatives come forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Tewari
- Department of Microbiology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-62, India
| | - Deepti Chopra
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasna, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India
| | - Rushna Wazahat
- Department of Microbiology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-62, India
| | - Shreya Dhingra
- Department of Microbiology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-62, India
| | - Mridu Dudeja
- Department of Microbiology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-62, India
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Eltai NO, Yassine HM, Al Thani AA, Abu Madi MA, Ismail A, Ibrahim E, Alali WQ. Prevalence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of food handlers in Qatar. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:78. [PMID: 29983931 PMCID: PMC6019201 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well documented that food handlers harbor and shed enteric foodborne pathogens causing foodborne disease outbreaks. However, little known on enteric antibiotic resistant (AR) bacteria carriage in food handlers. The objective of this study was to establish a baseline prevalence of fecal AR E. coli among food handlers in Qatar. Methods Fecal samples were collected from 456 migrant food handlers of different nationalities arriving in Qatar on a work permit between January 2015 and December 2016. These samples (25 g each) were collected based on the availability and examination schedule at the Medical Commission facility from those consented to participate. Isolated E. coli bacteria were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nine antibiotics using the E-test method and Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Results From the 78 E. coli positive samples (17.1%, n = 456), 60% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, whereas, 27% were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Seven isolates (9%, n = 78) were ESBL producers of which five were MDR. Individual AR E. coli frequencies to the nine antibiotics were not significantly (P > 0.05) different by nationality. Conclusions Based on our findings, we revealed that individual resistant E. coli and MDR resistant E. coli were common in fecal samples of food handlers in Qatar. This may indicate that food handlers can potentially contaminate foods with AR E. coli, a possible public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla O. Eltai
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A. Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed Ismail
- Laboratory Services, Medical Commission, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Emad Ibrahim
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Walid Q. Alali
- College of Public Health, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Present Address: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Alain, United Arab Emirates
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Eriodictyol protects against Staphylococcus aureus-induced lung cell injury by inhibiting alpha-hemolysin expression. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:64. [PMID: 29671126 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium that causes various diseases in both humans and animals. With the increased prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, the therapeutic effects of commonly used antibiotics are limited against S. aureus infection. Novel treatment strategies and new antibiotics are needed urgently to address this concern. Many studies have shown that virulence factors secreted from S. aureus play vital roles in their pathogenic processes. Alpha-hemolysin (Hla), an important exotoxin in S. aureus, is one such virulence factor that increases sensitivity of multiple host cells to S. aureus resulting in various diseases. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid compound that exists in many fruits and vegetables. In this study, eriodictyol was demonstrated to inhibit the expression of Hla by hemolysis assays, western blotting, and RT-qPCR at the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration. In live/dead and cytotoxicity assays, the results showed that eriodictyol protected A549 cells against Hla-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner. The minimal inhibitory concentration of eriodictyol against S. aureus was 512 µg/mL. Eriodictyol can downregulate S. aureus Hla at both the expressional and transcriptional levels without affecting S. aureus growth. In addition, cell assays had proved that eriodictyol could protect A549 cells against Hla damage. Eriodictyol could therefore have the potential to treat S. aureus infection targeting Hla.
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Vahidi Emami H, Khalilian M, Yadollahi Movahhed N. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Prevalence of PER and VEB Resistance Genes among Clinical Isolates of ESBL-Producing Acinetobacter Baumannii. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Clinical Samples in Kermanshah, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.61522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Distribution of Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes Among Acinetobacter Baumannii Strains Isolated From Burn Patients in Tehran, Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.57263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Prevalence of ESBLs in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from intensive care unit (ICU) of Ghaem hospital, Mashhad, Iran. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Adegoke AA, Faleye AC, Singh G, Stenström TA. Antibiotic Resistant Superbugs: Assessment of the Interrelationship of Occurrence in Clinical Settings and Environmental Niches. Molecules 2016; 22:E29. [PMID: 28035988 PMCID: PMC6155606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing threat to global health posed by antibiotic resistance remains of serious concern. Human health remains at higher risk due to several reported therapeutic failures to many life threatening drug resistant microbial infections. The resultant effects have been prolonged hospital stay, higher cost of alternative therapy, increased mortality, etc. This opinionated review considers the two main concerns in integrated human health risk assessment (i.e., residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistant genes) in various compartments of human environment, as well as clinical dynamics associated with the development and transfer of antibiotic resistance (AR). Contributions of quorum sensing, biofilms, enzyme production, and small colony variants in bacteria, among other factors in soil, water, animal farm and clinical settings were also considered. Every potential factor in environmental and clinical settings that brings about AR needs to be identified for the summative effects in overall resistance. There is a need to embrace coordinated multi-locational approaches and interrelationships to track the emergence of resistance in different niches in soil and water versus the hospital environment. The further integration with advocacy, legislation, enforcement, technological innovations and further research input and recourse to WHO guidelines on antibiotic policy would be advantageous towards addressing the emergence of antibiotic resistant superbugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ayodeji Adegoke
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, 520211 Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Adekunle Christopher Faleye
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Gulshan Singh
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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De Novo Synthesis and Functional Analysis of Polyphosphate-Loaded Poly(Ethylene) Glycol Hydrogel Nanoparticles Targeting Pyocyanin and Pyoverdin Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a Model Intestinal Pathogen. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:1058-1068. [PMID: 27761766 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of colonization of multidrug resistant pathogens and the major source of life-threatening complications in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Eradication measures using antibiotics carry further risk of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment can adversely shift the intestinal microbiome toward domination by resistant pathogens. Therefore, approaches directed to prevent replacement of health promoting microbiota with resistant pathogens should be developed. The use of non-microbicidal drugs to create microenvironmental conditions that suppress virulence of pathogens is an attractive strategy to minimize the negative consequences of intestinal microbiome disruption. We have previously shown that phosphate is depleted in the intestinal tract following surgical injury, that this depletion is a major "cue" that triggers bacterial virulence, and that the maintenance of phosphate abundance prevents virulence expression. However, the use of inorganic phosphate may not be a suitable agent to deliver to the site of the host-pathogen interaction since it is readily adsorbed in small intestine. Here we propose a novel drug delivery approach that exploits the use of nanoparticles that allow for prolonged release of phosphates. We have synthesized phosphate (Pi) and polyphosphate (PPi) crosslinked poly (ethylene) glycol (PEG) hydrogel nanoparticles (NP-Pi and NP-PPi, respectively) that result in sustained delivery of Pi and PPi. NP-PPi demonstrated more prolonged release of PPi as compared to the release of Pi from NP-Pi. In vitro studies indicate that free PPi as well NP-PPi are effective compounds for suppressing pyoverdin and pyocyanin production, two global virulence systems of virulence of P. aeruginosa. These studies suggest that sustained release of polyphosphate from NP-PPi can be exploited as a target for virulence suppression of lethal pathogenic phenotypes in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Modarresi F, Azizi O, Shakibaie MR, Motamedifar M, Mansouri S. Cloning and expression of quorum sensing N-acyl-homoserine synthase (LuxI) gene detected in Acinetobacter baumannii. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 8:139-46. [PMID: 27307980 PMCID: PMC4906721 DOI: pmid/27307980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In present study we aimed to clone the luxI gene encoding N-acyl-homoserine synthase detected in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and study its expression in Escherichia coli transformants. Materials and Methods: Four A. baumannii hospital strains which demonstrated strong biofilm activity were selected in this investigation. The presence of luxI gene was detected using PCR technique. Purified PCR product DNA was initially cloned into pTG19 and transformed to E. coli DH5α. The gene was then recovered from agarose gel and ligated by T4 DNA ligase into pET28a expression vector using NdeI and XhoI enzymes. pET28a + luxI was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The luxI putative gene was further detected in the transformants by colony PCR. Expression of the luxI gene in the recombinant E. coli BL21 cells was studied by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the presence of N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) was checked by colorimetric assay and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results: We successfully cloned AHL gene from A. baumannii strain 23 to pET28a expression vector. There was four fold increases in expression of luxI in the transformants (P ≤ 0.05). It was found that, strain 23 and the transformants showed highest amount of AHL activity (OD = 1.524). The FT-IR analysis indicated stretching C=O bond of the lactone ring and primary amides (N=H) at 1764.69 cm−1 and 1659.23 cm−1 respectively. Conclusion: From above results we concluded that, luxI in A. baumannii is indeed responsible for AHL production and not regulation and pET28a vector allows efficient AHL expression in E. coli BL21 transformants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Modarresi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Afzalipuor School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Azizi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Afzalipuor School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shakibaie
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Afzalipuor School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran; Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kerman, Iran; Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Departments of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahla Mansouri
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Afzalipuor School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
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Modarresi F, Azizi O, Shakibaie MR, Motamedifar M, Mosadegh E, Mansouri S. Iron limitation enhances acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) production and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Virulence 2016; 6:152-61. [PMID: 25622119 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2014.1003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important source of infections in intensive care units (ICUs) of our hospitals in Kerman, Iran and the most frequently isolated strains produce biofilm. There is a little information about role of iron (Fe) levels on acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) production and biofilm formation in this microorganism. In the present study, we investigated the influence of iron-III limitation on AHL, siderophore, catechol and virulence factors in the biofilm forming clinical strains of A. baumannii. A total of 65 non-duplicated multidrug resistance (MDR) strains of A. baumannii were isolated from patients in ICUs of 2 hospitals in Kerman, Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility, siderophore and other iron chelators, hemolysis, cell twitching motility, capsule, gelatinase and DNase were studied. Presence of quorum sensing, LuxI and LuxR genes was detected by multiplex-PCR. AHL activity quantified by colorimetric method and the functional groups were determined by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Biofilm formation was detected by microtiter plate technique. All of the isolates were resistant to third generation of cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, whereas, 78% and 81% were resistant to amikacin and carbapenems, respectively. The siderophore activity was highest at 20 μM Fe(3+) (70%); however, it decreased to 45% as concentration of Fe(3+) increased to 80 μM. Furthermore, screening of the isolates for LuxI and LuxR genes showed that presence of both genes required in the isolates with high AHL activity. FT-IR analysis indicated C=O bond of the lactone ring and primary amides. Significantly, a higher amount of AHL (70%) was detected in the presence of low concentration of iron-III (20 μM); as iron concentration increased to 80 μM, the AHL activity was reduced to 40% (P ≤ 0.05). All the isolates exhibited twitching motility and had a capsule. No any gelatinase or DNase activity was detected. Quantification of the biofilm formation introduced 23 isolates with efficient attachment to microplate wells and strong biofilm. We found that both the AHL production and biofilm formation were regulated by iron concentration in a dose dependent manner. These findings provide evidence that iron limitation plays an important regulatory role in AHL and siderophore production resulting in strong or weak biofilm, thereby helping the organism to persist in less available micronutrient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Modarresi
- a Department of Microbiology and Virology ; Kerman University of Medical Sciences ; Kerman , Iran
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Sobouti B, Khosravi N, Daneshvar A, Fallah S, Moradi M, Ghavami Y. Prevalence of beta lactamase producing species of pseudomonas and acinetobacter in pediatric burn patients. ANNALS OF BURNS AND FIRE DISASTERS 2015; 28:171-177. [PMID: 27279802 PMCID: PMC4883600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Burn wound infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in burn victims. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species are among the most common organisms complicating burn wounds. Presence of extended spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL) genes plays an important role in spreading ß-lactam resistant strains of these organisms and is a serious condition in the treatment of the affected patients. As a result, we aimed to determine the prevalence of SHV, TEM, PER and VIM ß-lactamases in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species isolates from burn wound swabs of children with burn injury. In this descriptive observational study, 107 Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates collected from burn patients were subjected to PCR assay. Using PCR method and DNA sequencing, the existence of SHV-, TEM-, PER- and VIM-type ß-lactamase encoding genes were determined. Out of the 107 Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates, 66 (77.6%) were ESBL positive, 26.2% were positive for SHV gene, 37.4% were positive for TEM gene, 14% were positive for PER gene and 15.9% of them harbored VIM gene. More than half of the Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter strains in our pediatric burn unit harbor ß-lactamase encoding genes that make them resistant to a wide range of ß-lactam antibiotics. Consequently, it is suggested to choose an appropriate antibiotic regimen based on the antibiogram pattern of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Sobouti
- Shahid Motahari Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N. Khosravi
- Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Daneshvar
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Fallah
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Moradi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Y. Ghavami
- Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Modarresi F, Azizi O, Shakibaie MR, Motamedifar M, Valibeigi B, Mansouri S. Effect of iron on expression of efflux pump (adeABC) and quorum sensing (luxI, luxR) genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. APMIS 2015; 123:959-68. [PMID: 26350174 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistance-nodulation-division efflux system (RND) adeABC contributes to intrinsic resistance to various drug classes in Acinetobacter baumannii. Similarly, quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the biofilm formation and pathogenicity of this bacterium. The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of iron limitation on the expression of efflux pump (adeABC) genes and QS (luxI, luxR) system by relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, DNA sequence and phylogenetic relatedness of biofilm-associated protein (Bap) gene was also investigated. Sixty-five multidrug-resistant isolates of A. baumannii were recovered from ICU patients of three hospitals in Kerman, Iran. The isolates were highly resistant to at least 11 antibiotics (MIC ≥64 μg/mL); however, 87% and 89% were susceptible to colistin and tigecycline, respectively (MIC 0.05 μg/mL) (p ≤ 0.05). We detected the presence of RND efflux pump, QS, and bap genes with the frequencies of 92% (adeA), 61.5% (adeB), 84.6% (adeC), 80% (luxI), 61% (luxR), and 66% (bap), respectively. qRT-PCR analysis showed that in some isolates, expression of both adeABC and luxI/R was increased more than fourfold in the presence of low iron (20 μm), suggesting the additional regulatory role of iron on both efflux pump and QS system. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis on the strong biofilm forming isolates confirmed that the fragments amplified were indeed part of bap gene and deduced sequence was similar to A. baumannii K9B410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Modarresi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Azizi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shakibaie
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran.,Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kerman, Iran.,Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.,Departments of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Valibeigi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahla Mansouri
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
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Prestinaci F, Pezzotti P, Pantosti A. Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathog Glob Health 2015; 109:309-18. [PMID: 26343252 DOI: 10.1179/2047773215y.0000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1328] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious global public health threats in this century. The first World Health Organization (WHO) Global report on surveillance of AMR, published in April 2014, collected for the first time data from national and international surveillance networks, showing the extent of this phenomenon in many parts of the world and also the presence of large gaps in the existing surveillance. In this review, we focus on antibacterial resistance (ABR), which represents at the moment the major problem, both for the high rates of resistance observed in bacteria that cause common infections and for the complexity of the consequences of ABR. We describe the health and economic impact of ABR, the principal risk factors for its emergence and, in particular, we illustrate the highlights of four antibiotic-resistant pathogens of global concern - Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, non-typhoidal Salmonella and Mycobacterium tuberculosis - for whom we report resistance data worldwide. Measures to control the emergence and the spread of ABR are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Prestinaci
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome, Italy
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Farsiani H, Mosavat A, Soleimanpour S, Nasab MN, Salimizand H, Jamehdar SA, Ghazvini K, Aryan E, Baghani AA. Limited genetic diversity and extensive antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in north-east Iran. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:767-773. [PMID: 25991693 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the mechanisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among the isolates obtained from different wards of a teaching hospital in the city of Mashhad in north-east Iran. Between January 2012 and the end of June 2012, 36 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from different wards of Ghaem Hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and epsilometer testing (E-test) were performed. The genetic resistance determinants of A, B and D classes of β-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs), efflux pumps and ISAba1 elements were assessed by PCR. Repetitive extragenic palindromic element (REP)-PCR was performed to find the genetic relatedness of the isolates. Colistin was the most effective antibiotic of those tested, where all isolates were susceptible. E-test results revealed high rates of resistance to imipenem, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. The majority of isolates (97 %) were multidrug-resistant. OXA-51, OXA-23 and tetB genes were detected in all isolates, but OXA-58, IMP and tetA were not detected. The prevalence of OXA-24, bla(TEM), bla(ADC), bla(VIM) and adeB were 64, 95, 61, 64 and 86 %, respectively. ISAba1 was found to be inserted into the 5' end of OXA-23 in 35 isolates (97 %). Of the AMEs, aadA1 (89 %) was the most prevalent, followed by aphA1 (75 %). The band patterns reproduced by REP-PCR showed that 34 out of 36 isolates belonged to one clone and two singletons were identified. The results confirmed that refractory A. baumannii isolates were widely distributed and warned the hospital infection control team to exert strict measures to control the infection. An urgent surveillance system should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Farsiani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Naderi Nasab
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Himen Salimizand
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Amel Jamehdar
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Aryan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Baghani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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35
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Cochrane JR, Exner CJ, Jolliffe KA. Total Synthesis and Reassignment of the Structures of the Antimicrobial Lipodepsipeptides Circulocin γ and δ. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4491-500. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Cochrane
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudia J. Exner
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina A. Jolliffe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
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Gupta N, Gandham N, Jadhav S, Mishra RN. Isolation and identification of Acinetobacter species with special reference to antibiotic resistance. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6:159-62. [PMID: 25810655 PMCID: PMC4367029 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.149116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter is clinically important pathogen with widespread resistance to various antibiotics. We assessed the incidence of Acinetobacter infection at a tertiary care hospital, analyze their resistance pattern and identify the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo β-lactamases (MBLs). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, India over a period of 2 years. Acinetobacter species were isolated from various clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology. After identification, Acinetobacter isolates were speciated and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the standard disc diffusion method. ESBL and MBL production was detected by the double disc synergy test and combined disc diffusion test respectively. Results: Of 3298 infected samples, 111 (3.36%) were found to be Acinetobacter. The most predominant species was Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (Acb) complex (72%). High incidence of resistance was recorded for piperacillin (55%), followed by ceftriaxone (46%) and ceftazidime (46%). Isolation rate and antibiotic resistance was higher in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of the hospital. ESBL and MBL production was detected in 31.5% and 14.4% of the isolates respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: A high level of antibiotic resistance was observed in our study and maximum isolation rate of Acinetobacter was in the ICUs. Acb complex was the most predominant and most resistant species. The analysis of susceptibility pattern will be useful in understanding the epidemiology of this organism in our hospital setup, which will help in treating individual cases and controlling the spread of resistant isolates to other individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nageswari Gandham
- Department of Microbiology, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Savita Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravindra Nath Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Su YB, Peng B, Han Y, Li H, Peng XX. Fructose Restores Susceptibility of Multidrug-Resistant Edwardsiella tarda to Kanamycin. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1612-20. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-bin Su
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol,
School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Lab Aquat Food Safety, School of
Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Peng
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8197, United States
| | | | - Hui Li
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol,
School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Lab Aquat Food Safety, School of
Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan-xian Peng
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol,
School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Lab Aquat Food Safety, School of
Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
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Moradi J, Hashemi FB, Bahador A. Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran: A Systemic Review of the Published Literature. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015; 6:79-86. [PMID: 25938016 PMCID: PMC4411348 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acinetobacter baumannii is a bacterium responsible for health care-associated infections, and it frequently develops multiple drug resistance (MDR). The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii in Iran has increased, and this may cause significant clinical problems. Therefore, in order to elucidate the development of antibiotic resistance, we performed a systematic review of the literature published on antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii reported in Iran. METHODS Thirty-six publications that met the criteria for inclusion were reviewed from an initial 87 papers. Selected papers published between 2008 and September 2014, were categorized on the basis of the sample collecting year been between 2001 and 2013. RESULTS Analysis of data revealed that, in general, there was an increase in antimicrobial resistance. During the initial time point of these studies (2001-2007) there was a high rate of resistance to all antibiotics, with the exception of carbapenems, lipopeptides, and aminoglycosides that had a low resistance rate in comparison with the others. Also, the resistance rate was increased in one group of these three antimicrobial groups from 2010 to 2013. In particular, there was an increase in resistance to carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem) from 2010-2011 and 2012-2013, whereas no significant change in the resistance rate of the other two antimicrobial groups (lipopeptides and aminoglycosides) during the study time was observed, although we did observe certain trends in amikacin (aminoglycoside group antibiotic) between 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii in Iran has increased, which may very well affect the antimicrobial resistance of this organism worldwide. Based on these results, novel prevention and treatment strategies against A. baumannii infections are warranted. Furthermore, these data may assist in revising treatment guidelines and regional policies in care units to slow the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Azizi O, Shakibaie MR, Modarresi F, Shahcheraghi F. Molecular Detection of Class-D OXA Carbapenemase Genes in Biofilm and Non-Biofilm Forming Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e21042. [PMID: 25789134 PMCID: PMC4350054 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Emergence and spread of carbapenemase (blaOXA) genes in multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) forming biofilm complicated treatment of the patients infected with this microorganism particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of molecular class-D OXA carbapenemase in biofilm and non-biofilm forming strains of MDR-AB. Materials and Methods: A total of 65 strains of MDR-AB were isolated from the patients hospitalized in the ICU of two hospitals in Kerman, Iran. The isolates were identified by conventional microbiological tests as well as API 20NE assay. Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out by disk diffusion method; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carbapenems was measured by E-test. The presence of blaOXA genes among the isolates were studied by duplex-polymerase chain reaction and application of appropriate primers. Biofilm formation was detected by microtiter plate method. Results: The isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, piperacillin, nalidixic acid and third generation cephalosporins such as tigecycline (7%; n = 5) and colistin (13%; n = 8). Among the isolates, 77% (n = 50) exhibited high MIC (265μg/mL) for imipenem. Both the blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 like genes coexisted in all the isolates; while, blaOXA-24/40 like gene was only detected in 29 imipenem-resistant strains (P ≤ 0.05). The blaOXA-58 like gene was not detected among the isolated strains. Quantification of biofilm introduced 23 isolates (including blaOXA-24/40 strains) with efficient attachment to microtiter plate; while, those isolates without blaOXA-24/40, or imipenem-sensitive strains formed weak or no biofilm. Conclusions: Coexistence of the blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24/40 like genes, along with formation of strong biofilm, in MDR-AB strains particularly with indiscriminate use of imipenem, complicated treatment of the patients infected with these bacteria in the hospitals understudy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azizi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shakibaie
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Reza Shakibaie, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133408226, Fax: +98-3413221671, E-mail:
| | - Farzan Modarresi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Fereshteh Shahcheraghi
- Microbiology Research Center, Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
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Vakili B, Khorvash F, Fazeli H, Khaleghi M. Detection of quinolone-resistance mutations of parC gene in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 19:567-70. [PMID: 25197301 PMCID: PMC4155714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to screen of parC gene mutations in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from intensive care units (ICUs) of Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy isolates of A. baumannii between March 2011 and June 2012 were studied. Susceptibility test was established by E-test method. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing was performed for detection of parC gene mutation. RESULTS 77.1% of specimens were highly resistant. Mutation at position 80 in parC was observed in 93% of isolates. CONCLUSION High proportion of A. baumannii isolates had a mutation in parC that can play an important role in increased incidence of these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vakili
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islami Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzin Khorvash
- Assistant Professor, Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fazeli
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Hossein Fazeli, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Canter, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Moj Khaleghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Obeidat N, Jawdat F, Al-Bakri AG, Shehabi AA. Major biologic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospital environmental and patients' respiratory tract sources. Am J Infect Control 2014; 42:401-4. [PMID: 24679567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective study investigated major biologic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospital environment and respiratory tract samples of patients admitted to adult intensive care units (ICUs) at the Jordan University Hospital. METHODS A baumannii isolates from both sources were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and for presence of specific metallo-β-lactamase genes (VIM-2, IMP-1) and OXA-type β-lactamase genes (OXA-type) using polymerase chain reaction and biofilm formation and surviving under various temperatures and pH conditions. RESULTS The majority of A baumannii isolates from environmental and patients sources was multidrug resistant (MDR), except for colistin and tigecycline. All A baumannii examined carried a blaOXA51-like gene, 58% has a blaOXA23-like gene, and 38.8% has a blaOXA24-like gene. Representative MDR A baumannii isolates from both sources were capable to form biofilm. A baumannii environmental isolates were capable to survive for a longer time in tap, normal saline, and distilled water than respiratory tract isolates with pH range of 4.5 to 8 and temperature between 18°C to 37°C. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that A baumannii isolates from the patients' respiratory tract and hospital environment carried much similar multidrug resistance patterns and biologic characteristics. In conclusion, this study shows that all MDR A baumannii strains survived well in the hospital environment, especially in water and moist environment and produced biofilm, which might be responsible for high colonization in the respiratory tract of patients in ICU.
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Čivljak R, Giannella M, Di Bella S, Petrosillo N. Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? A review of in vitro data in the literature from the 21st century. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:249-64. [PMID: 24392752 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.878647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has been associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria. 'ESKAPE' (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acintobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens play a major role in the rapidly changing scenario of antimicrobial resistance in the 21st century. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic that was abandoned in developed countries due to its association with fatal aplastic anemia. However, it is still widely used in the developing world. In light of the emerging problem of multi-drug resistant pathogens, its role should be reassessed. Our paper reviews in vitro data on the activity of chloramphenicol against ESKAPE pathogens. Susceptibility patterns for Gram-positives were good, although less favorable for Gram-negatives. However, in combination with colistin, chloramphenicol was found to have synergistic activity. The risk-benefit related to chloramphenicol toxicity has not been analyzed. Therefore, extra precautions should be taken when prescribing this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Čivljak
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević" University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Inverse correlation of Acinetobacter spp. resistance rate and ciprofloxacin utilization. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 67:273-5. [PMID: 24252812 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Eom SH, Lee DS, Kang YM, Son KT, Jeon YJ, Kim YM. Application of yeast Candida utilis to ferment Eisenia bicyclis for enhanced antibacterial effect. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:569-82. [PMID: 23700145 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, fermentation broth of Eisenia bicyclis with Candia utilis YM-1 exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and food-borne pathogenic bacteria. To perform a more detailed investigation on the antibacterial activity, the fermented broth of E. bicyclis was extracted with methanol and further fractionated with organic solvents. After 1-day fermentation, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble extract exhibited the highest anti-MRSA activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 128 to 512 μg/mL, suggesting that the fermentation of E. bicyclis with C. utilis YM-1 may enhance antibacterial activity against MRSA. This effect was correlated to the result obtained by an increase in total phenolic contents in EtOAc-soluble extract. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that eckol, dieckol, dioxinodehydroeckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol-A contents in the EtOAc-soluble extract increased significantly. Thus, these results show that anti-MRSA activity of E. bicyclis fermented with C. utilis most likely originated from phlorotannins and allow the possible application of a variety of seaweed functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Eom
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
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