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Ayanniyi OO, Lu Z, Zhang H, Li C, Luo S, Wang C, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Yang C. Epidemiological survey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in Anhui Province, China. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 101:102059. [PMID: 37690183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases have continued to increase worldwide in both developing and many developed countries due to the widespread of different tick species and tick's adaptability to different climatic weather. In order to investigate the prevalence of the tick-borne pathogens, EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples were aseptically collected from 765 pet dogs in twenty veterinary clinics located in sixteen prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province, China, and the samples were examined and analyzed for tick-borne pathogens using both microscopy and PCR. Our result analysis revealed 17(2.22%) positive samples to Babesia spp and 4(0.52%) positive samples to Hepatozoon spp, of which case of co-infection was recorded in Lu'An and Chuzhou. The BLAST analysis results of the 18S rRNA gene revealed that the dogs were infected with Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis. All samples were negative for Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Rickettsia spp. This is the first molecular report of B. gibsoni and H. canis in dogs in Anhui, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Opeyemi Ayanniyi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Zhenxiao Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Chunqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Shishang Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Chuanchen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Qianming Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China.
| | - Qingxun Zhang
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100076, China.
| | - Congshan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China.
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2
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Atelerix algirus, the North African Hedgehog: Suitable Wild Host for Infected Ticks and Fleas and Reservoir of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Tunisia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080953. [PMID: 34451417 PMCID: PMC8399139 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small wild mammals are an important element in the emergence and transmission of vector-borne pathogens (VBPs). Among these species, hedgehogs have been found to be a reservoir of VBPs and host of arthropod vectors. Surveillance of VBPs in wildlife and their arthropods are crucial in a one health context. We conducted an exploratory study to screen Atelerix algirus hedgehogs and their infesting ticks and fleas for VBPs using a high throughput microfluidic real-time PCR system. Tested biopsies from hedgehogs were found to be naturally infected by Theileria youngi, Hepatozoon sp., Ehrlichia ewingii, Coxiella burnetii, and Candidatus Ehrlichia shimanensis. Similarly, Haemaphysalis erinacei and Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick species were infected by Ehrlichia ewingii, Rickettsia spp., Rickettsia massiliae, Borrelia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia lusitaniae and Anaplasma sp. Archaeopsylla erinacei fleas were infected by Rickettsia asembonensis, Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia massiliae. Co-infections by two and three pathogens were detected in hedgehogs and infesting ticks and fleas. The microfluidic real-time PCR system enabled us not only to detect new and unexpected pathogens, but also to identify co-infections in hedgehogs, ticks, and fleas. We suggest that hedgehogs may play a reservoir role for VBPs in Tunisia and contribute to maintaining enzootic pathogen cycles via arthropod vectors.
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Abstract
Anemia is a clinically important syndrome in small ruminants. Anemia can be divided into regenerative and nonregenerative forms. Differentials for regenerative anemia include hemorrhage owing to gastrointestinal or external parasitism or hemostatic disorders, and hemolysis owing to infectious, osmotic, toxic, and nutritional causes. Differentials for nonregenerative anemia include inflammatory and chronic diseases, renal failure, pancytopenia, copper deficiency, and heavy metal toxicosis. Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by chronic gastrointestinal and external hemorrhage or nutritional deficiency and may be mildly regenerative or nonregenerative. Appropriate diagnostic tests are described along with treatments, including blood transfusion, parasite control, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Johns
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, 700 Southwest 30th Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Meera Heller
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, One Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Mohammed OB, Amor NMS, Omer SA, Alagaili AN. Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria sp. from hedgehogs (Paraechinus aethiopicus) in Saudi Arabia. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:476-483. [PMID: 33306194 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted molecular detection and characterization of piroplasms that infect the Ethiopian or desert hedgehogs (Paraechinus aethiopicus) in Saudi Arabia. Blood samples from 112 (68 males and 44 females) desert hedgehogs from Unaizah, Central Saudi Arabia were screened for Theileria/Babesia DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing specific primers amplifying the partial 18S small subunit rRNA gene. Theileria DNA was detected in 51 samples (45·5%), giving a prevalence of 45·5%. Theileria DNA was found in 33 (48·5%) males and 18 (40·9%) females, and there was no significant difference (P > 0·05) in the prevalence between males and females. Similarly, there was no significant difference (P > 0·05) in the prevalence between juveniles (40%) and adults (46·7%). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of Theileria in hedgehogs collected from May to September and the period from October to April (P = 0·003). Four haplotypes of Theileria sp. in hedgehogs were detected and designated as H1-H4. H1 was the predominant haplotype and found in 80·8% of the positive individuals. Partial sequences of the 18S rRNA of Theileria sp. from hedgehogs grouped with Theileria spp. that are benign. This study is the first report of the occurrence of Theileria spp. in Saudi Arabian desert hedgehogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Mohammed
- Mammals Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N M S Amor
- Mammals Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystem, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S A Omer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, University Centre for Women Students, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A N Alagaili
- Mammals Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Detection of Theileria spp. in ticks, sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus), and livestock in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2641-2648. [PMID: 32556503 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Theileria species, with a broad geographic distribution, infect a wide range of both domestic and wild animals and are transmitted by ixodid ticks. Currently, there is no comprehensive report regarding the distribution of Theileria spp. in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, especially in Ganze Tibetan autonomous prefecture (153,700 km2) and Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture (84,242 km2) of Sichuan province, China. In this study, we collected blood samples from yaks (n = 144) (Bos grunniens), Tibetan sheep (n = 92), and Tibet horses (n = 142) in Ganze and Ngawa.Theileria sinensis, T. luwenshuni, and T. equi were the dominant Theileria species detected in yaks, Tibetan sheep, and horses with the total infection rates of 25.7% (37/144), 75.0% (69/92), and 51.4% (73/142), respectively. For ectoparasites, T. luwenshuni was the only Theileria species detected in sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus) with an infection rate of 30.8% (8/26). The total infection rates of T. sinensis in Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, Dermacentor everestianus, and Rhipicephalus microplus were 34.6% (36/104), 34.0% (17/50), and 51.3% (58/113), respectively. Theileria spp., belonging to T. sergenti/buffeli/orientalis group, were only detected in R. microplus collected in Danba county of Ganze with a total infection rate of 39.9% (19/48). Our results provide important data of the epidemiology of Theileria spp. in livestock and ectoparasites and will assist with the implementation of measures to control theileriosis transmission in eastern Tibetan Plateau, China.
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Li XW, Zhang XL, Huang HL, Li WJ, Wang SJ, Huang SJ, Shao JW. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Babesia in pet dogs in Shenzhen, China. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 70:101452. [PMID: 32120143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is an important global tick-borne infectious disease of domestic dogs and wild canids. B. gibsoni and B. vogeli are the most widespread species mainly endemic in dog population in southern and eastern regions of China. In this study, 272 blood samples were collected from pet dogs in five districts of Shenzhen, China. Babesia DNA was detected in 30 samples with an overall prevalence of 11.0 % in pet dogs in Shenzhen. The difference in the positive rate between female and male pet dogs, among different breed, and among the five sampling sites was not significant, while the age and health status of pet dogs significantly influence the positive rate of Babesia spp. infection. Sequencing results showed the presence of only B. vogeli in all of the samples tested. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 30 strains of Babesia identified in this study shared the highest identity with B. vogeli. In sum, all results of this study showed a considerable high infection rate of Babesia spp. in pet dogs, and B. vogeli was the only Babesia species infecting pet dogs in Shenzhen city. Such information is necessary to help to elucidate the epidemiology of canine babesiosis in Shenzhen, and it is necessary to actively monitor this disease in pet dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Lian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Preventive Research of Emerging Animal Diseases, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Lan Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Shu-Jian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Preventive Research of Emerging Animal Diseases, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Wei Shao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Bawm S, Kakisaka K, Thu MJ, Chel HM, Oo YMN, Soe NC, Win SY, Htun LL, Win MM, Suzuki H, Nakao R, Katakura K. First molecular detection of Theileria luwenshuni from goats in Myanmar. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3361-3364. [PMID: 30187170 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne intracellular protozoan parasites of the Theileria genus infect a wide range of both domestic and wild animals. In the present study, we describe the first PCR detection of Theileria luwenshuni in the blood of goats in Myanmar. Nested PCR targeting the Theileria 18S rRNA gene resulted in seven positive goats in central and northern Myanmar. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products revealed that all seven sequences were identical and showed 100% identity with T. luwenshuni sequences in GenBank from goats and sheep in China. Since T. luwenshuni parasites have recently been discovered and shown to have nationwide distribution in China, they might have been introduced into Myanmar via transboundary movement of infected domestic small ruminants and/or wild animals from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saw Bawm
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Keita Kakisaka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - May June Thu
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar.,Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hla Myet Chel
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Yamon Min Nyunt Oo
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Nyein Chan Soe
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Shwe Yee Win
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Lat Lat Htun
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Mar Mar Win
- Rector Office, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Ecology and Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ken Katakura
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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He L, Miao X, Hu J, Huang Y, He P, He J, Yu L, Malobi N, Shi L, Zhao J. First Molecular Detection of Babesia gibsoni in Dogs from Wuhan, China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1577. [PMID: 28871243 PMCID: PMC5566568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine piroplasmosis is a significant disease in dogs caused by Babesia and Theileria parasites. The clinical manifestations range from mild illness to serious disease depending on the parasite species and the physical condition of the infected dog. Canine piroplasmosis has been reported to be prevalent in China. However, no molecular evidence of the disease has been reported in pet dogs from Wuhan. In this study, 118 blood samples were randomly collected from pet dogs in veterinary clinics. The blood samples were subjected to both microscopic examination and reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization assays to detect piroplasm infection. Parasites were observed in 10 blood samples via microscopic examination, whereas there were 14 Babesia gibsoni-positive RLB tests. Phylogenetic analysis was performed after the 18S rRNA and ITS gene sequences from the 14 positive samples were cloned and sequenced. The results confirmed the existence of B. gibsoni in this area. This is the first molecular report of canine babesiosis in pet dogs from Wuhan, China. Pet dogs are companion animals, and the prevalence of babesiosis will be of concern in daily life. This study will help veterinarians better understand the prevalence of canine babesiosis and provide a guide for disease control in pet dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jinfang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Pei He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Junwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Ngabu Malobi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Ligang Shi
- Luoyang Center for Animal Disease Control and PreventionLuoyang, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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Abdallah MO, Niu Q, Yang J, Hassan MA, Yu P, Guan G, Chen Z, Liu G, Luo J, Yin H. Identification of 12 Piroplasms Infecting Ten Tick Species in China Using Reverse Line Blot Hybridization. J Parasitol 2017; 103:221-227. [DOI: 10.1645/16-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Omar Abdallah
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
| | - Muhammad Adeel Hassan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
| | - Peifa Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China. Correspondence should be sent to Hong Yin at:
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10
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Yu PF, Niu QL, Liu ZJ, Yang JF, Chen Z, Guan GQ, Liu GY, Luo JX, Yin H. Molecular epidemiological surveillance to assess emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne infections in tick samples from China evaluated by nested PCRs. Acta Trop 2016; 158:181-188. [PMID: 26943995 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was performed to detect eight pathogens in ticks collected from grass tips or animals in the southern, central and northeast regions of China. DNA samples extracted from ticks were collected from ten different locations in eight provinces of China and subjected to screening for tick-borne pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Babesia/Theileria spp., Ehrlichia ruminantium, Coxiella burnetii, and Francisella tularensis, using nested PCR assays and sequencing analysis. The results indicated that Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Babesia/Theileria spp. were detected in all of the investigated provinces. Ehrlichia spp. was also found in all of the surveyed areas, except Guangxi, Luobei and Tonghe counties in Heilongjiang province. The average prevalence of these pathogens was 18.4% (95% CI=12.8-42.5), 60.3% (95% CI=18.2-65.3), 26.0% (95% CI=25.8-65.1), and 28.7% (95% CI=5.6-35.2), respectively. A sequencing analysis of the pCS20 gene of E. ruminantium revealed an E. ruminantium-like organism (1/849, 0.1%, 95% CI=0-0.3) in one tick DNA sample extracted from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Hunan. In addition, Borrelia americana in Ixodes persulcatus, Babesia occultans in Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and both Rhipicephalus sanguineus and an Ehrlichia muris-like organism in R. (B.) microplus was detected, possibly for the first time in China. Four DNA sequences closely related to Borrelia carolinensis and/or Borrelia bissettii from Haemaphysalis longicornis, Candidatus Rickettsia principis from H. qinghaiensis, and I. persulcatus and Ehrlichia canis (named E. canis-like) from Haemaphysalis bispinosa were also detected in this work.
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11
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Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria infection in cattle and yaks from Tibet Plateau Region, China. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2647-52. [PMID: 27000088 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Theileriosis continues to threaten the livestock industry worldwide, but comprehensive epidemiological surveys for this disease have not been conducted in the Tibet Plateau Region, China. In this study, we screened 154 cattle blood samples from the Tibet Plateau Region (Lhasa, Lhoka, and Tianzhu), China, for detection of Theileria pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers. The results revealed that the prevalence was 6.9 % (2/29) for Theileria orientalis and 27.6 % (8/29) for Theileria sinensis in Lhasa, 0 % (0/30) for T. orientalis and 26.7 % (8/30) for T. sinensis in Lhoka, and 0 % (0/95) for T. orientalis and 30.5 % (29/95) for T. sinensis in Tianzhu. Interestingly, Theileria luwenshuni, which was a previously reported pathogenic Theileria sp. in sheep and goats, was detected in blood samples from cattle and yaks for the first time, with a prevalence of 10 % (3/30) in Lhoka and 1.1 % (1/95) in Tianzhu. No other Theileria sp. was detected in these samples. T. sinensis and T. orientalis infections were detected in cattle and yaks, and T. luwenshuni was discovered for the first time in cattle and yaks in the Tibet Plateau Region, China.
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Chemkhi J, Souguir H, Ali IBH, Driss M, Guizani I, Guerbouj S. Natural infection of Algerian hedgehog, Atelerix algirus (Lereboullet 1842) with Leishmania parasites in Tunisia. Acta Trop 2015; 150:42-51. [PMID: 26086952 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Tunisia, Leishmania parasites are responsible of visceral leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum species while three cutaneous disease forms are documented: chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania killicki, sporadic cutaneous form (SCL) caused by L. infantum and the predominant zoonotic cutaneous leishmanaisis (ZCL) due to Leishmania major. ZCL reservoirs are rodents of the Psammomys and Meriones genera, while for SCL the dog is supposed to be a reservoir. Ctenodactylus gundii is involved in the transmission of L. killicki. However, other mammals could constitute potential reservoir hosts in Tunisia and other North African countries. In order to explore the role of hedgehogs as potential reservoirs of leishmaniasis, specimens (N=6) were captured during July-November period in 2011-2013 in an SCL endemic area in El Kef region, North-Western Tunisia. Using morphological characteristics, all specimens were described and measured. Biopsies from liver, heart, kidney and spleen of each animal were used to extract genomic DNA, which was further used in PCR assays to assess the presence of Leishmania parasites. Different PCRs targeting kinetoplast minicircles, ITS1, mini-exon genes and a repetitive Leishmania- specific sequence, were applied. To further identify Leishmania species involved, RFLP analysis of amplified fragments was performed with appropriate restriction enzymes. Using morphological characters, animals were identified as North African hedgehogs, also called Algerian hedgehogs, that belong to the Erinaceidae family, genus Atelerix Pomel 1848, and species algirus (Lereboullet, 1842). PCR results showed in total that all specimens were Leishmania infected, with different organs incriminated, mainly liver and spleen. Results were confirmed by direct sequencing of amplified fragments. Species identification showed that all specimens were infected with L. major, three of which were additionally co-infected with L. infantum. The present study demonstrates, for the first time in Tunisia, natural infection of hedgehog animals (Atelerix algirus) by the Leishmania parasites species L. major and L. infantum. L. major is also detected for the first time in wild animals captured in the North Western part of the country; likewise for the co-infection of these animals by the 2 Leishmania species. This mammal could play a potential reservoir role in epidemiology of SCL or ZCL and could contribute to emergence or extension of ZCL in the studied region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomaa Chemkhi
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses (LR11IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hejer Souguir
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses (LR11IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Insaf Bel Hadj Ali
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses (LR11IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Driss
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses (LR11IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Guizani
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses (LR11IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souheila Guerbouj
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses (LR11IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Xu D, Zhang J, Shi Z, Song C, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Dong H, Wei L, El-Mahallawy HS, Kelly P, Xiong W, Wang H, Li J, Zhang X, Gu J, Wang C. Molecular detection of vector-borne agents in dogs from ten provinces of China. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:501. [PMID: 26428085 PMCID: PMC4589947 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many vector-borne agents are potential zoonoses and cause substantial morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide, there are limited data on these organisms in dogs of China. Methods Quantitative PCRs for vector-borne agents were performed to investigate their prevalences in convenience whole blood samples obtained from 1114 dogs from 21 veterinary clinics and a commercial dog breeding facility in ten provinces of China. In addition, the PCRs were performed on 146 Rhipicephalus sanguineus senso lato and 37 Linognathus setosus collected from dogs in the commercial dog breeding facility. Results DNAs of Babesia gibsoni and B. vogeli (1.2 %), Ehrlichia canis (1.3 %), Hepatozoon canis (1.8 %) and Theileria orientalis (0.1 %) or a closely related organism were detected in the bloods of the dogs studied, and Babesia vogeli (3.4 %) and Ehrlichia canis (4.1 %) in R. sanguineus senso lato. The qPCRs for Anaplasma spp., Dirofilaria immitis and Leishmania spp. were negative for all blood samples, ticks and lice. At least one vector-borne agent was found in dogs from 5 of the 10 provinces investigated in this study. Overall, 4.4 % (49/1117) of the dogs studied were positive for at least one vector-borne agent with the prevalence being highest in the commercial breeding colony (24/97; 24.7 %). Conclusions Our study confirms that B. vogeli, B. gibsoni, H. canis, and E. canis occur in China. Also, we present evidence that T. orientalis or a closely related organism can infect dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengsheng Shi
- China Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chunlian Song
- Yunnan Agricultural University College of Animal Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Xinjiang Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Urumchi, Xinjiang, 830052, China.
| | - Yongqing Hao
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China.
| | - Haiju Dong
- Henan Agricultural University College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 45002, China.
| | - Lanjing Wei
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Heba S El-Mahallawy
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts & Nevis, West Indies.
| | - Wenbin Xiong
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Jianji Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhong Gu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Chengming Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
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Li Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Yang J, Li Y, Li Q, Qin G, Chen Z, Guan G, Luo J, Yin H. Report of Theileria luwenshuni and Theileria sp. RSR from cervids in Gansu, China. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2023-9. [PMID: 25820647 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Theileria parasites are important tick-borne pathogens of animals and cause huge economic losses worldwide. Here, we undertook to assess the prevalence of Theileria spp. in cervids in Gansu, China, based on PCR analysis and sequencing of the 18S rRNA genes. Molecular survey showed that Theileria luwenshuni and Theileria sp. RSR were frequently found in Gansu cervids, and the prevalence of T. luwenshuni was 66.7% (n = 9, 6/9) in roe deer in Zhengning County, 58.3% (n = 12, 7/12) in sika deer in Ningxian County, 50% (n = 10, 5/10) in sika deer and 42.9% (n = 14, 6/14) in red deer in Weiyuan County. The prevalence of Theileria sp. RSR was 77.8% (n = 9, 7/9) in roe deer in Zhengning County, 75% (n = 12, 9/12) in sika deer in Ningxian County, 60.0% (n = 10, 6/10) in sika deer, and 50.0% (n = 14, 7/14) in red deer in Weiyuan County. The co-prevalence of the two T. luwenshuni and Theileria sp. RSR was 55.6% (n = 5, 5/9) in roe deer in Zhengning County, 50% (n = 12, 6/12) in sika deer in Ningxian county, 50% (n = 10, 5/10) in sika deer and 35.7% (n = 14, 5/14) in red deer in Weiyuan County, respectively. No other Theileria species was found in these samples. T. luwenshuni and Theileria sp. RSR were detected for the first time in cervids in Gansu, China. Animal experiments showed that four sheep were inoculated with roe deer blood from Zhengning, sika deer blood from Ningxian, sika deer blood, and red deer blood from Weiyuan, respectively, and the Theileria isolated from these inoculated sheep was identified as T. luwenshuni, but Theileria sp. RSR was not detected in these sheep. Our results extend our understanding of the epidemiology of cervine theileriosis in Gansu, China, and will facilitate the implementation of measures to control theileriosis in cervids and small ruminants. This was the first report to demonstrate the occurrence of T. luwenshuni from roe deer, sika deer, and red deer worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, People's Republic of China,
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Zhou X, Xia S, Huang JL, Tambo E, Zhuge HX, Zhou XN. Human babesiosis, an emerging tick-borne disease in the People's Republic of China. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:509. [PMID: 25403908 PMCID: PMC4254216 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesiosis is a typical zoonotic, emerging disease caused by a tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan of Babesia spp. that also can be transmitted by blood transfusion. Babesiosis imposes an increasing public-health threat. We reviewed and mapped epidemiological studies on Babesia in vectors and/or rodents in the People’s Republic of China (P.R. China) and found that B. microti was the predominant species detected in the investigated regions such as Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Fujian provinces and Taiwan island. We reviewed a series of sporadic human babesiosis cases collected from 1940’s to 2013, in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Taiwan and Zhejiang and other regions including a main endemic area of malaria on the China-Myanmar border areas in P.R. China. Clinical manifestations of human babesiosis were also reviewed. Human babesiosis may have previously been overlooked in P.R. China due to a lack of medical awareness and the limitation of clinical diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis; Key Laboratory of Parasite & Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, No.199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis; Key Laboratory of Parasite & Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Lei Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, No.199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ernest Tambo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis; Key Laboratory of Parasite & Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Biochemistry Department, Centers for Sustainable Malaria Control, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Hong-Xiang Zhuge
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, No.199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis; Key Laboratory of Parasite & Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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