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Seok JW, Lee J, Kim M, Kim MJ, Shin HY, Kim SW. Plasma Myokine Profiles in Patients With AChR- and MuSK-Ab-Positive Myasthenia Gravis. J Clin Neurol 2023; 19:469-477. [PMID: 37455510 PMCID: PMC10471556 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myokines include cytokines secreted by muscle fibers, which are the final targets of myasthenia gravis (MG). This pilot study investigated whether myokine plasma concentrations are altered in patients with MG and assessed the association between the concentration of each myokine and disease severity. METHODS We compared the plasma concentrations of 15 myokines in 63 patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody (Ab)-positive MG and 14 with muscle-specific tyrosine kinase Ab-positive MG (MuSK MG) with those in 15 healthy controls. Plasma myokine concentrations were measured using a Luminex multiplex assay kit with magnetic beads that contained Abs for 15 myokines. Correlations between myokine concentration and clinical scale results were analyzed. RESULTS The concentration of fractalkine in plasma was higher in MG (median [interquartile range]=419.6 [38.7-732.5] pg/mL) than in controls (158.5 [0.0-313.2] pg/mL, p=0.034). The leukemia inhibitory factor concentration was also found to be higher in MuSK MG (29.9 [8.7-40.1] pg/mL) than in healthy controls (7.6 [0.0-15.6] pg/mL, p=0.013). Fatty-acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) concentrations in plasma were positively associated with clinical parameters for MG severity, including scores on the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score (p=0.008), Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (p=0.003), and Myasthenia Gravis Composite (p=0.024) scales. FABP3 concentration in plasma tended to decrease after treatment in patients without additional relapse but increased in those with further relapse. CONCLUSIONS The plasma myokine profile was significantly altered in patients with MG. FABP3 concentration may be useful in assessing disease severity and predicting the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Woon Seok
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinny Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - MinGi Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Meng S, Wang T, Zhao Q, Hu Q, Chen Y, Li H, Liu C, Liu D, Hong X. Proteomics Analysis of Plasma-Derived Exosomes Unveils the Aberrant Complement and Coagulation Cascades in Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:123-137. [PMID: 36507906 PMCID: PMC9830643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis and polymyositis (DM/PM) are systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by proximal muscle weakness. The underlying pathogenetic mechanism of this disease remains under-researched. Here, using proteomics analysis, a great overlap of differentially expressed plasma exosomal proteins involved in the complement and coagulation cascade pathway, including FGA, FGB, FGG, C1QB, C1QC, and VWF, was identified in DM/PM patients versus healthy controls. Correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of complement-associated proteins (C1QB and C1QC) correlated positively with CRP, ESR, and platelet count. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that complement and coagulation cascade-associated proteins could be strong predictors for DM/PM. In addition, we also identified several other proteins that were differentially expressed in DM and PM. The selected candidate proteins were further validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Together, our findings indicate that these exosome-derived proteins might participate in microvascular damage in DM/PM through the activation of the complement and coagulation cascade pathway and function as biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of DM/PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Meng
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College
of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College
of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China,Integrated
Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College
of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China,Integrated
Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiu Hu
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College
of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College
of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College
of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China,Integrated
Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cuilian Liu
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College
of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College
of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China,
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College
of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China,
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3
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Mizutani S, Nishio J, Kondo K, Motomura K, Yamada Z, Masuoka S, Yamada S, Muraoka S, Ishii N, Kuboi Y, Sendo S, Mikami T, Imai T, Nanki T. Treatment with an Anti-CX3CL1 Antibody Suppresses M1 Macrophage Infiltration in Interstitial Lung Disease in SKG Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050474. [PMID: 34067842 PMCID: PMC8156344 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CX3CL1; fractalkine) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its inhibition was found to attenuate arthritis in mice as well as in a clinical trial. Therefore, we investigated the effects of an anti-CX3CL1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on immune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD) in SKG mice, which exhibit similar pathological and clinical features to human RA-ILD. CX3CL1 and CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), the receptor for CX3CL1, were both expressed in the fibroblastic foci of lung tissue and the number of bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) cells was elevated in ILD in SKG mice. No significant changes were observed in lung fibrosis or the number of BALF cells by the treatment with anti-CX3CL1 mAb. However, significantly greater reductions were observed in the number of M1 macrophages than in M2 macrophages in the BALF of treated mice. Furthermore, CX3CR1 expression levels were significantly higher in M1 macrophages than in M2 macrophages. These results suggest the stronger inhibitory effects of the anti-CX3CL1 mAb treatment against the alveolar infiltration of M1 macrophages than M2 macrophages in ILD in SKG mice. Thus, the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis may be involved in the infiltration of inflammatory M1 macrophages in RA-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizutani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; (S.M.); (J.N.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Junko Nishio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; (S.M.); (J.N.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.)
- Department of Immunopathology and Immunoregulation, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kanoh Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; (S.M.); (J.N.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Kaori Motomura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; (S.M.); (J.N.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Zento Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; (S.M.); (J.N.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Shotaro Masuoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; (S.M.); (J.N.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Soichi Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; (S.M.); (J.N.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Sei Muraoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; (S.M.); (J.N.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Naoto Ishii
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; (N.I.); (Y.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Yoshikazu Kuboi
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; (N.I.); (Y.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Sho Sendo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan;
| | - Toshio Imai
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; (N.I.); (Y.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; (S.M.); (J.N.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (S.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3762-4151 (ext. 6591)
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4
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Tanaka Y, Hoshino-Negishi K, Kuboi Y, Tago F, Yasuda N, Imai T. Emerging Role of Fractalkine in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:241-253. [PMID: 33178636 PMCID: PMC7649223 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s277991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects joints and is characterized by synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion associated with neovascularization and infiltration of proinflammatory cells. The introduction of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs has dramatically changed the treatment of RA over the last 20 years. However, fewer than 50% of RA patients enter remission, and 10–15% are treatment refractory. There is currently no cure for RA. Fractalkine (FKN, also known as CX3CL1) is a cell membrane-bound chemokine that can be induced on activated vascular endothelial cells. FKN has dual functions as a cell adhesion molecule and a chemoattractant. FKN binds specifically to the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, which is selectively expressed on subsets of immune cells such as patrolling monocytes and killer lymphocytes. The FKN–CX3CR1 axis is thought to play important roles in the initiation of the inflammatory cascade and can contribute to exacerbation of tissue injury in inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, studies in animal models have shown that inhibition of the FKN–CX3CR1 axis not only improves rheumatic diseases but also reduces associated complications, such as pulmonary fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. Recently, a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody, E6011, showed promising efficacy with a dose-dependent clinical response and favorable safety profile in a Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with RA (NCT02960438). Taken together, the preclinical and clinical results suggest that E6011 may represent a new therapeutic approach for rheumatic diseases by suppressing a major contributor to inflammation and mitigating concomitant cardiovascular and fibrotic diseases. In this review, we describe the role of the FKN–CX3CR1 axis in rheumatic diseases and the therapeutic potential of anti-FKN monoclonal antibodies to fulfill unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Muraoka S, Nishio J, Kuboi Y, Imai T, Nanki T. Rationale for and clinical development of anti-fractalkine antibody in rheumatic diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1309-1319. [PMID: 32401060 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1764931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatic diseases are inflammatory diseases that damage target organs via multiple subsets of immune cells. Fractalkine (FKN) acts as chemoattractant as well as adhesion molecule. It contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases through multiple mechanisms: the migration of monocytes and cytotoxic effector T cells, the proliferation and activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. FKN has potential as a new therapeutic target, and clinical trials on anti-FKN monoclonal antibodies for RA are ongoing. FKN-targeted therapy has been developed and a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody is currently being tested in phase 2 clinical trials. Areas covered: This review summarizes accumulated evidence on the involvement of FKN in RA and other rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), osteoarthritis, and systemic vasculitis. Expert opinion: A phase 1/2a clinical trial on anti-FKN demonstrated its safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy. Anti-FKN therapy has potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis and interstitial lung diseases associated with RA. Based on recent findings, other rheumatic diseases, including SLE, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and SS, may also be treated using anti-FKN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Muraoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology and Immunoregulation, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Yamada S, Miyoshi S, Nishio J, Mizutani S, Yamada Z, Kusunoki N, Sato H, Kuboi Y, Hoshino-Negishi K, Ishii N, Imai T, Mikami T, Nakano H, Kawai S, Nanki T. Effects of CX3CL1 inhibition on murine bleomycin-induced interstitial pneumonia. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220959903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment for interstitial pneumonia (IP) associated with collagen diseases has not been established. There is a need to elucidate the pathogenesis of IP and develop a novel therapy. We aimed to clarify the role of chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1, also known as fractalkine) in IP. Methods: Bleomycin (BLM) was intratracheally administered to C57BL/6 mice to induce IP. For treatment with control Ab or anti-CX3CL1 mAb, the mice were administered either Ab three times per week for 2 weeks from the day of BLM administration until euthanasia. Expressions of CX3CL1 and its unique receptor CX3CR1 in the lung tissue were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Cellular infiltration and lung fibrosis were evaluated based on hematoxylin-eosin-staining and Sirius red staining of the lung tissue sections, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 were strongly expressed in the lung tissue from mice with BLM-induced IP (BLM-IP). Treatment with anti-CX3CL1 mAb did not significantly alter inflammatory cell infiltration or fibrosis in the lung tissue. However, the number of M1-like macrophages in BALF was decreased and surface CD3 expression on T cells was increased by anti-CX3CL1 mAb treatment. Conclusions: Inhibition of CX3CL1 decreased inflammatory cells and may attenuate T cell activation in BALF. CX3CL1 inhibitor may have the potential to suppress the infiltration and activation of immune cells in IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shion Miyoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishio
- Department of Immunopathology and Immunoregulation, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizutani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zento Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kusunoki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Inflammation and Pain Control Research, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoto Ishii
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kawai
- Department of Inflammation and Pain Control Research, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Feng M, Guo H, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liang Z, Zhao X, Qin Y, Wu Y, Liu G, Gao C, Luo J. Absolute reduction of regulatory T cells and regulatory effect of short-term and low-dose IL-2 in polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Chemokines in rheumatic diseases: pathogenic role and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:731-746. [PMID: 31705045 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, a family of small secreted chemotactic cytokines, and their G protein-coupled seven transmembrane spanning receptors control the migratory patterns, positioning and cellular interactions of immune cells. The levels of chemokines and their receptors are increased in the blood and within inflamed tissue of patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions control the recruitment of leukocytes into tissue, which are central to the pathogenesis of these rheumatic diseases. Although the blockade of various chemokines and chemokine receptors has yielded promising results in preclinical animal models of rheumatic diseases, human clinical trials have, in general, been disappointing. However, there have been glimmers of hope from several early-phase clinical trials that suggest that sufficiently blocking the relevant chemokine pathway might in fact have clinical benefits in rheumatic diseases. Hence, the chemokine system remains a promising therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases and requires further study.
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9
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Biomarkers in Adult Dermatomyositis: Tools to Help the Diagnosis and Predict the Clinical Outcome. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9141420. [PMID: 30766892 PMCID: PMC6350546 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9141420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis pathophysiology is complex. In recent years, medical research has identified molecules associated with disease activity. Besides providing insights into the driving mechanisms of dermatomyositis, these findings could provide potential biomarkers. Activity markers can be used to monitor disease activity in clinical trials and may also be useful in daily practice. This article reviews molecules that could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring dermatomyositis disease activity.
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10
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ADAM-17 is expressed in the inflammatory myopathy and is involved with interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:1017-1024. [PMID: 29411180 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The "A disintegrin and metalloprotease" (ADAM) family is thought to play an important role in tissue destruction and inflammatory reactions. ADAM-17 was first described as the protease responsible for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α shedding. Here, we have shown the expression of ADAM-17 in inflammatory myopathy and demonstrated the role of inflammation in interstitial lung diseases (ILD). ADAM-17 in inflammatory myopathy serum [polymyositis (n = 26), dermatomyositis (n = 34), and clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (n = 10)] and healthy control (n = 19) was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between ADAM-17 and clinical data was examined. Finally, we performed immunohistological analysis to investigate the expression of ADAM-17 on the muscles of the inflammatory myopathy patients. ADAM-17 in inflammatory myopathy was significantly higher than that in healthy control (mean ± SEM, 1048 ± 312 and 36 ± 18 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.05). ADAM-17 in post-treatment with corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressant serum was significantly decreased compared with that in pre-treatment serum (1465 ± 562 and 1059 ± 503 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.01). ADAM-17 was significantly positively correlated with fractalkine/CX3CL1 and CXCL16. In addition, ADAM-17 in inflammatory myopathy with ILD patients (n = 46) was significantly higher than that in non-ILD patients (n = 24) (1379 ± 454 and 413 ± 226 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.05). We found the expression of ADAM-17 on muscle biopsy tissue. ADAM-17 is expressed in inflammatory myopathies especially ILD, suggesting that ADAM-17 plays a role in lung fibrosis. ADAM-17 may be a potential target in inflammatory myopathies with ILD.
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11
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Altered chemokine receptor expression in the peripheral blood lymphocytes in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Cytokine 2017; 99:316-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Afzali AM, Ruck T, Wiendl H, Meuth SG. Animal models in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: How to overcome a translational roadblock? Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:478-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Ceribelli A, De Santis M, Isailovic N, Gershwin ME, Selmi C. The Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis: a Critical Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 52:58-70. [PMID: 26780034 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIMs, including polymyositis and dermatomyositis) remains largely enigmatic, despite advances in the study of the role played by innate immunity, adaptive immunity, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors in an orchestrated response. Several factors are involved in the inflammatory state that characterizes the different forms of IIMs which share features and mechanisms but are clearly different with respect to the involved sites and characteristics of the inflammation. Cellular and non-cellular mechanisms of both the immune and non-immune systems have been identified as key regulators of inflammation in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, particularly at different stages of disease, leading to the fibrotic state that characterizes the end stage. Among these, a special role is played by an interferon signature and complement cascade with different mechanisms in polymyositis and dermatomyositis; these differences can be identified also histologically in muscle biopsies. Numerous cellular components of the adaptive and innate immune response are present in the site of tissue inflammation, and the complexity of idiopathic inflammatory myositis is further supported by the involvement of non-immune mechanisms such as hypoxia and autophagy. The aim of this comprehensive review is to describe the major pathogenic mechanisms involved in the onset of idiopathic inflammatory myositis and to report on the major working hypothesis with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ceribelli
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, via A. Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, via A. Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Natasa Isailovic
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, via A. Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, via A. Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Cairns BE, O'Brien M, Dong XD, Gazerani P. Elevated Fractalkine (CX3CL1) Levels in the Trigeminal Ganglion Mechanically Sensitize Temporalis Muscle Nociceptors. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3695-3706. [PMID: 27209190 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that after nerve injury or tissue inflammation, fractalkine (CX3CL1) released from dorsal root ganglion neurons acts on satellite glial cells (SGCs) through CX3C receptor 1 (CX3CR1) to induce neuroplastic changes. The existence and importance of fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling in the trigeminal ganglia has not yet been clarified. This study investigated (1) whether trigeminal ganglion neurons that innervate temporalis muscle and their associated SGCs contain fractalkine and/or express CX3CR1, (2) if intraganglionic injection of fractalkine increases the mechanical sensitivity of temporalis muscle afferent fibers, (3) whether complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation of the temporalis muscle alters the expression of fractalkine or its receptor in the trigeminal ganglion, and (4) if intraganglionic administration of CX3CR1 antibodies alters afferent mechanical sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry and in vivo electrophysiological recordings in male and female rats were used to address these questions. It was found that ∼50 % of temporalis ganglion neurons and ∼25 % of their associated SGCs express CX3CR1, while only neurons expressed fractalkine. Temporalis muscle inflammation increased the expression of fractalkine, but only in male rats. Intraganglionic injection of fractalkine (25 g/ml; 3 μl) induced prolonged afferent mechanical sensitization. Intraganglionic injection of CX3CR1 antibody increased afferent mechanical threshold, but this effect was greater in controls than in rats with CFA-induced muscle inflammation. These findings raise the possibility that basal fractalkine signalling within the trigeminal ganglion plays an important role in mechanical sensitivity of masticatory muscle sensory afferent fibers and that inhibition of CX3CR1 signaling within the trigeminal ganglia may induce analgesia through a peripheral mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Cairns
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7-D3, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Melissa O'Brien
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xu-Dong Dong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7-D3, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark.
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15
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Takada T, Aoki A, Asakawa K, Sakagami T, Moriyama H, Narita I, Sato S. Serum cytokine profiles of patients with interstitial lung disease associated with anti-CADM-140/MDA5 antibody positive amyopathic dermatomyositis. Respir Med 2015; 109:1174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Chirkova T, Lin S, Oomens AGP, Gaston KA, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Meng J, Stobart CC, Cotton CU, Hartert TV, Moore ML, Ziady AG, Anderson LJ. CX3CR1 is an important surface molecule for respiratory syncytial virus infection in human airway epithelial cells. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2543-2556. [PMID: 26297201 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children, and causes disease throughout life. Understanding the biology of infection, including virus binding to the cell surface, should help develop antiviral drugs or vaccines. The RSV F and G glycoproteins bind cell surface heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) through heparin-binding domains. The G protein also has a CX3C chemokine motif which binds to the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. G protein binding to CX3CR1 is not important for infection of immortalized cell lines, but reportedly is so for primary human airway epithelial cells (HAECs), the primary site for human infection. We studied the role of CX3CR1 in RSV infection with CX3CR1-transfected cell lines and HAECs with variable percentages of CX3CR1-expressing cells, and the effect of anti-CX3CR1 antibodies or a mutation in the RSV CX3C motif. Immortalized cells lacking HSPGs had low RSV binding and infection, which was increased markedly by CX3CR1 transfection. CX3CR1 was expressed primarily on ciliated cells, and ∼50 % of RSV-infected cells in HAECs were CX3CR1+. HAECs with more CX3CR1-expressing cells had a proportional increase in RSV infection. Blocking G binding to CX3CR1 with anti-CX3CR1 antibody or a mutation in the CX3C motif significantly decreased RSV infection in HAECs. The kinetics of cytokine production suggested that the RSV/CX3CR1 interaction induced RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted protein), IL-8 and fractalkine production, whilst it downregulated IL-15, IL1-RA and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Thus, the RSV G protein/CX3CR1 interaction is likely important in infection and infection-induced responses of the airway epithelium, the primary site of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Chirkova
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Songbai Lin
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonius G P Oomens
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kelsey A Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher C Stobart
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Calvin U Cotton
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Martin L Moore
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Assem G Ziady
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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17
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Chen F, Lu X, Shu X, Peng Q, Tian X, Wang G. Predictive value of serum markers for the development of interstitial lung disease in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a comparative and prospective study. Intern Med J 2015; 45:641-7. [PMID: 25827843 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Chen
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - X. Lu
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - X. Shu
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Q. Peng
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - X. Tian
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - G. Wang
- Department of Rheumatology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
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18
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Lu X, Peng Q, Wang G. Discovery of new biomarkers of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 444:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Zhang L, Fu XH, Yu Y, Shui RH, Li C, Zeng HY, Qiao YL, Ni LY, Wang Q. Treatment with CA-074Me, a Cathepsin B inhibitor, reduces lung interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of polymyositis. J Transl Med 2015; 95:65-77. [PMID: 25384123 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CB) is involved in the turnover of proteins and has various roles in maintaining the normal metabolism of cells. In our recent study, CB is increased in the muscles of polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM). However, the role of CB in interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been reported. ILD is a frequent complication of PM/DM, which is the leading cause of death in PM/DM. It carries high morbidity and mortality in connective tissue diseases, characterized by an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and induced fibrosis, resulting in respiratory failure. The etiology and pathogenesis of ILD remain incompletely understood. This study investigated whether treatment with CA-074Me, a specific inhibitor of CB, attenuates ILD in PM. CB expression, inflammation, and fibrosis were analyzed in the lung tissues from patients with PM/DM. The animal model of PM was induced in guinea pigs with Coxsackie virus B1 (CVB1). CA-074Me was given 24 h after CVB1 injection for 7 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and lung tissues were collected for the following analysis. Inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis cells, and cytokines were assessed by histological examinations and immunohistochemical analyses, western blot analysis and transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. In patients with PM/DM, the protein levels of CB were significantly elevated in lung tissues compared with healthy controls, which correlated with increases in inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly, the expression of CB, inflammation and fibrosis, CD8(+) T cell, CD68(+) cell, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta1 infiltrations, and apoptotic cell death were significantly increased in lung tissues of the guinea-pig model of CVB1-induced PM. These changes were attenuated by the administration of CA-074Me. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PM/DM increases CB expression in lung tissues and inhibition of CB reduces ILD in a guinea-pig model of CVB1-induced PM. This finding suggests that CB may be a potential therapeutic target for ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruo-Hong Shui
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu-Lei Qiao
- Department of thoracic surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li-Yan Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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20
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Oh IS, Suh DW, Park SR, Ha KY. Fractalkine receptor chemokine (CX3CR1) influences on cervical and lumbar disc herniation. Indian J Orthop 2015; 49:239-44. [PMID: 26015616 PMCID: PMC4436493 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.152505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herniation of nuclear or disc material along with, inflammatory chemokines such as prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase and nitric oxide has definite correlation, possibly they are over produced. CX3CL1 and its receptor (CX3CR1) are part of chemokine system involved in leukocyte recruitment and adhesion in chronic inflammatory disease, but its role in spinal herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) is unknown. We evaluated the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in patients with disc herniation to clarify the role of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in the disc degeneration and to compare between cervical and lumbar HNP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mRNA concentrations of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 chemokine were analyzed in the surgically obtained disc specimens from C-HNP (n = 13) and L-HNP (n = 13) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The localization of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 chemokine in the disc of C-HNP and L-HNP patients was determined using immunohistochemical study. Blood samples from patients with C-HNP and L-HNP patients were stained for CX3CR1 with flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS The CX3CL1 positive cell ratio in the discs was observed in both groups by immunohistochemical study. CX3CR1 was strongly expressed on endothelial cells in C-spine disc, but sparely expressed in L-spine disc. There was greater CX3CR1 mRNA expression in C-HNP patients than in L-HNP patients as quantified by reversal transcription-PCR (P = 0.010). CX3CR1 positive cell frequencies and CX3CR1 expression levels were increased in CD4 (+) T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells from patients with C-HNP (P = 0.210 and P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS This study identified that increases in CX3CL1 and CX3CR1-expressing cells are significantly related to pathomechanism of HNP for the first time. Especially, CD4 (+) T-cells and NK cells expressing CX3CR1 may play an important role in developing C-HNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Soo Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Whan Suh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ryeoll Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee-Yong Ha
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Address for correspondence: Prof. Kee-Yong Ha, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Ban Po-Dong, Seo Cho-Ku, Seoul 137-040, South Korea. E-mail:
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21
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McHugh KJ, Tao SL, Saint-Geniez M. Porous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for retinal pigment epithelium transplantation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:1754-62. [PMID: 24550370 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation is a promising strategy for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, previous attempts at subretinal RPE cell transplantation have experienced limited success due to poor adhesion, organization, and function on aged or diseased Bruch's membrane. Instead, cell-based strategies may benefit from a synthetic scaffold that mimics the functions of healthy Bruch's membrane to promote the formation of a functional RPE monolayer while maintaining metabolite exchange between the vasculature and outer retina. METHODS This study evaluated the behavior of human RPE on nanopatterned porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) film as a potential scaffold for therapeutic transplantation. Fetal human RPE (fhRPE) was cultured on porous PCL, nonporous PCL, or Costar porous polyester transwells for up to 8 weeks and assessed using light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, transepithelial resistance, quantitative PCR, ELISAs, and phagocytosis assays. RESULTS fhRPE on porous PCL displayed improved markers of maturity and function compared with both porous polyester transwells and nonporous PCL, including pigmentation, increased cell density, superior barrier function, up-regulation of RPE-specific genes, and polarized growth factor secretion. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that porous PCL is an attractive scaffold for RPE transplantation. In addition to being biocompatible with the subretinal space, porous PCL also allows for trans-scaffold metabolite transport and significantly improves RPE cell behavior compared to nonporous PCL or porous polyester transwells.
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22
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Schaumberg DA, Rose L, DeAngelis MM, Semba RD, Hageman GS, Chasman DI. Prospective study of common variants in CX3CR1 and risk of macular degeneration: pooled analysis from 5 long-term studies. JAMA Ophthalmol 2014; 132:84-95. [PMID: 24287500 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The CX3CR1 gene is implicated as a candidate gene for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through several lines of evidence. There is uncertainty, however, as to whether common genetic variants in CX3CR1 alter risk of AMD, since prior studies have been inconsistent and mostly limited to evaluation of 2 nonsynonymous variants, T280M (rs3732378) and V249I (rs3732379). OBJECTIVE To determine if common variants in CX3CR1 predict future risk of AMD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective nested case-control study within 5 large study populations with long-term follow-up. We measured genotypes for T280M, V249I, and 13 other common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CX3CR1 gene among people who developed AMD (n = 1110, including 369 with neovascular AMD) and 2532 age- and sex-matched controls. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We determined the incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs for incidence of AMD for each variant and examined interactions with other AMD-associated variants and modifiable risk factors. RESULTS In additive genetic models, we identified nonsignificant associations with AMD for T280M (RR, 0.87; P = .07) and 3 other SNPs, rs2853707 (RR, 0.88; P = .07), rs12636547 (RR, 0.85; P = .10), and rs1877563 (RR, 0.84; P = .06), 1 of which, rs2853707, is positioned in the CX3CR1 promoter region and was associated with neovascular AMD (RR, 0.75; P = .03). We observed that a recessive model was a better fit to the data for some SNPs, with associations between rs11715522 and AMD (RR, 1.27; P = .03) and between rs2669845 (RR, 3.10; P = .04), rs2853707 (RR, 0.48; P = .050), and rs9868689 (RR, 0.31; P = .02) and neovascular AMD. Moreover, in exploratory analyses, we identified a number of possible interactions including between V249I and rs2669845 and dietary intake of ω-3 fatty acids (P = .004 and P = .009, respectively) for AMD; between rs2669845 and obesity (P = .03) for neovascular AMD; between T280M and complement component 3 (C3) R102G for AMD (P = .03); between rs2669845 and Y402H in complement factor H for AMD (P = .04); and between rs2669845, rs2853707, and V249I and C3 R102G for neovascular AMD (P = .008; .04; and .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study failed to identify significant associations between common CX3CR1 variants and AMD after considering the number of SNPs analyzed and multiple comparisons. However, we observed evidence consistent with recessive modes of association and that an effect of CX3CR1 variants may depend on other factors including dietary intake of ω-3 fatty acids, obesity, and genotypes at CFH Y402H and C3 R102G. If replicated in other populations, these findings would support a role for CX3CR1 in AMD but also suggest that its role may involve mechanisms that are independent of the T280M/V249I variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Schaumberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts3Department
| | - Lynda Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Oh IS, Suh DW, Ha KY. Hypertrophy of the ligament flavum in degenerative lumbar stenosis associated with the increased expression of fractalkine (CX3CL1)/CX3CR1 chemokine. Connect Tissue Res 2013; 54:380-5. [PMID: 24060055 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.848199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor (CX3CR1) comprise a chemokine system involved in leukocyte recruitment and adhesion in chronic inflammatory disease, but its role in spinal diseases is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 chemokine on hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF) in degenerative lumbar stenosis (DLS) compared with that of non-degenerative spinal condition (NDS) of the lumbar spine and correlation between expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 chemokine and thickness of LF. The mRNA concentrations of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 chemokine were analyzed in the surgically obtained LF specimens from DLS (n = 10) and NDS (n = 11) by real-time PCR. The localization of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 chemokine within the LF was determined using immunohistochemical study. Plasma levels of soluble FKN (sFKN) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The thickness of the LF was measured with axial T1-weighted MRI. The cells that express CX3CL1/CX3CR1 chemokine ratio in the LF observed in DLS group were substantially higher than in NDS group. In ELISA, the plasma levels of sFKN was significantly increased in DLS compared with patients in the other groups (p = 0.006). There was greater CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression in DLS as quantified by RT-PCR (p = 0.004, 0.010). Thickness of LF in patients was significantly correlated with serum CX3CL1 level (R(2) = 0.824, p = 0.003) and with mRNA expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 (R(2) = 0.671, p = 0.000) (R(2) = 0.514, p = 0.001). This study identified for the first time that increases in CX3CL1 and CX3CR1-expressing cells are significantly related to LF hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Soo Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea and
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