1
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Ling YF, Bonebrake TC. Consistent heat tolerance under starvation across seasonal morphs in Mycalesis mineus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 271:111261. [PMID: 35728756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat tolerance is a key trait for understanding insect responses to extreme heat events, but tolerance may be modulated by changes in food availability and seasonal variability in temperature. Differences in sensitivity and resistance across life stages are also important determinants of species responses. Using a full-factorial experimental design, we here investigated the effects of larval starvation, adult starvation, and seasonal morph (developmental temperature) on heat tolerance of a seasonally polyphenic butterfly, Mycalesis mineus, in both larval and adult stages. While starvation and rearing temperature profoundly influenced various life history traits in the insect, none of the treatments affected adult heat tolerance. There was also no evidence of reduced heat tolerance in larvae under starvation stress, though larval thermal tolerance was higher by ~1 °C at the higher developmental temperature. The lack of a starvation effect was unexpected given the general physiological cost of heat tolerance mechanisms. This might be attributed to the ability to tolerate heat being preserved under resource-based trade-offs due to its critical role in ensuring insect survival. Invariant heat tolerance in M. mineus shows that some insects may have thermal capacity to cope with extreme heat under short-term starvation and seasonality disruptions, though more prolonged changes may have greater consequences. The capacity to maintain key physiological function under multiple stressors will be crucial for species resilience in future novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet Fung Ling
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Timothy C Bonebrake
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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2
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Hui-Yun T, Chiba H, Lohman DJ, Yen SH, Aduse-Poku K, Ohshima Y, Wu LW. Out of Asia: Intercontinental dispersals after the Eocene-Oligocene transition shaped the zoogeography of Limenitidinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 170:107444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Conserved ancestral tropical niche but different continental histories explain the latitudinal diversity gradient in brush-footed butterflies. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5717. [PMID: 34588433 PMCID: PMC8481491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global increase in species richness toward the tropics across continents and taxonomic groups, referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient, stimulated the formulation of many hypotheses to explain the underlying mechanisms of this pattern. We evaluate several of these hypotheses to explain spatial diversity patterns in a butterfly family, the Nymphalidae, by assessing the contributions of speciation, extinction, and dispersal, and also the extent to which these processes differ among regions at the same latitude. We generate a time-calibrated phylogeny containing 2,866 nymphalid species (~45% of extant diversity). Neither speciation nor extinction rate variations consistently explain the latitudinal diversity gradient among regions because temporal diversification dynamics differ greatly across longitude. The Neotropical diversity results from low extinction rates, not high speciation rates, and biotic interchanges with other regions are rare. Southeast Asia is also characterized by a low speciation rate but, unlike the Neotropics, is the main source of dispersal events through time. Our results suggest that global climate change throughout the Cenozoic, combined with tropical niche conservatism, played a major role in generating the modern latitudinal diversity gradient of nymphalid butterflies.
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4
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Krupitsky AV, Shapoval NA, Schepetov DM, Ekimova IA, Lukhtanov VA. Phylogeny, species delimitation and biogeography of the endemic Palaearctic tribe Tomarini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The tribe Tomarini is represented by the sole genus Tomares, comprising about eight species distributed from the western Mediterranean to Central Asia. We carried out a multilocus phylogenetic and a biogeographical analysis to test the taxonomy of the genus by several molecular species delimitation methods and reveal patterns shaping the current distribution of Tomares. The phylogenetic analysis based on four molecular markers recovered the monophyly of the genus and recovered two deep-branching lineages: an African clade and an Asian clade. Species delimitation analyses suggested six or ten putative species depending on the method applied. The haplotype network analysis of the Tomares nogelii clade revealed no phylogeographical and taxonomic structure. We consider the taxon Tomares nesimachus (syn. nov.) a synonym of T. nogelii and reinstate Tomares callimachus dentata stat. rev. for populations from south-eastern Turkey. Tomares originated between the early Oligocene and the early Miocene, most probably in south-west Asia. The split of the most recent common ancestor of Tomares occurred between the middle-late Miocene and middle-late Pliocene, probably as a response to increasing aridification and habitat fragmentation. Differentiation of the Asian clade took place in south-west Asia during the Pliocene and Pleistocene and coincided temporally with the evolution of Tomares host plants of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Krupitsky
- Department of Entomology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, GSP-1, korp. 12, Moscow, Russia
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nazar A Shapoval
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry M Schepetov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, GSP-1, korp. 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Ekimova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, GSP-1, korp. 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Aduse-Poku K, van Bergen E, Sáfián S, Collins SC, Etienne RS, Herrera-Alsina L, Brakefield PM, Brattström O, Lohman DJ, Wahlberg N. Miocene Climate and Habitat Change Drove Diversification in Bicyclus, Africa's Largest Radiation of Satyrine Butterflies. Syst Biol 2021; 71:570-588. [PMID: 34363477 PMCID: PMC9016770 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other regions, the drivers of diversification in Africa are poorly understood. We studied a radiation of insects with over 100 species occurring in a wide range of habitats across the Afrotropics to investigate the fundamental evolutionary processes and geological events that generate and maintain patterns of species richness on the continent. By investigating the evolutionary history of Bicyclus butterflies within a phylogenetic framework, we inferred the group's origin at the Oligo-Miocene boundary from ancestors in the Congolian rainforests of central Africa. Abrupt climatic fluctuations during the Miocene (ca. 19-17 Ma) likely fragmented ancestral populations, resulting in at least eight early-divergent lineages. Only one of these lineages appears to have diversified during the drastic climate and biome changes of the early Miocene, radiating into the largest group of extant species. The other seven lineages diversified in forest ecosystems during the late Miocene and Pleistocene when climatic conditions were more favourable-warmer and wetter. Our results suggest changing Neogene climate, uplift of eastern African orogens, and biotic interactions might have had different effects on the various subclades of Bicyclus, producing one of the most spectacular butterfly radiations in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Aduse-Poku
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.,Biology Department, University of Richmond, Richmond, 138 UR Drive, USA.,Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Perimeter College, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Erik van Bergen
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Steve C Collins
- African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, 0800 Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rampal S Etienne
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul M Brakefield
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oskar Brattström
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.,African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, 0800 Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya.,University of Glasgow, School of Life Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - David J Lohman
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, USA.,Ph.D. Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA.,Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan35, SE-223, 62 Lund, Sweden
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6
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Pyrcz TW, Collins S, Lachowska-Cierlik D, Lees DC, Sáfian S, Florczyk K. A Malagasy element in Continental Africa: a new subspecies of the rare Amauris nossima (Nymphalidae, Danainae) from the Kenyan coast. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2020.1824588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz W Pyrcz
- Entomology Department, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Steve Collins
- African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dorota Lachowska-Cierlik
- Entomology Department, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Szabolcs Sáfian
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Florczyk
- Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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7
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Toussaint EFA, Ellis EA, Gott RJ, Warren AD, Dexter KM, Storer C, Lohman DJ, Kawahara AY. Historical biogeography of Heteropterinae skippers via Beringian and post‐Tethyan corridors. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint
- Natural History Museum of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Emily A. Ellis
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Riley J. Gott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Andrew D. Warren
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Kelly M. Dexter
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Caroline Storer
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - David J. Lohman
- Biology Department City College of New YorkCity University of New York New York NY USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, Graduate Center City University of New York New York NY USA
- Entomology Section National Museum of Natural History Manila Philippines
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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8
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Halali S, van Bergen E, Breuker CJ, Brakefield PM, Brattström O. Seasonal environments drive convergent evolution of a faster pace-of-life in tropical butterflies. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:102-112. [PMID: 33099881 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
New ecological niches that may arise due to climate change can trigger diversification, but their colonisation often requires adaptations in a suite of life-history traits. We test this hypothesis in species-rich Mycalesina butterflies that have undergone parallel radiations in Africa, Asia, and Madagascar. First, our ancestral state reconstruction of habitat preference, using c. 85% of extant species, revealed that early forest-linked lineages began to invade seasonal savannahs during the late Miocene-Pliocene. Second, rearing replicate pairs of forest and savannah species from the African and Malagasy radiation in a common garden experiment, and utilising published data from the Asian radiation, demonstrated that savannah species consistently develop faster, have smaller bodies, higher fecundity with an earlier investment in reproduction, and reduced longevity, compared to forest species across all three radiations. We argue that time-constraints for reproduction favoured the evolution of a faster pace-of-life in savannah species that facilitated their persistence in seasonal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Halali
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Erik van Bergen
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.,Research Centre of Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Casper J Breuker
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Paul M Brakefield
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Oskar Brattström
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.,School of Health and Life Sciences, University of West Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, Scotland
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9
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A release from developmental bias accelerates morphological diversification in butterfly eyespots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27474-27480. [PMID: 33093195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008253117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Development can bias the independent evolution of traits sharing ontogenetic pathways, making certain evolutionary changes less likely. The eyespots commonly found on butterfly wings each have concentric rings of differing colors, and these serially repeated pattern elements have been a focus for evo-devo research. In the butterfly family Nymphalidae, eyespots have been shown to function in startling or deflecting predators and to be involved in sexual selection. Previous work on a model species of Mycalesina butterfly, Bicyclus anynana, has provided insights into the developmental control of the size and color composition of individual eyespots. Experimental evolution has also shown that the relative size of a pair of eyespots on the same wing surface is highly flexible, whereas they are resistant to diverging in color composition, presumably due to the underlying shared developmental process. This fixed color composition has been considered as a prime example of developmental bias with significant consequences for wing pattern evolution. Here, we test this proposal by surveying eyespots across the whole subtribe of Mycalesina butterflies and demonstrate that developmental bias shapes evolutionary diversification except in the genus Heteropsis which has gained independent control of eyespot color composition. Experimental manipulations of pupal wings reveal that the bias has been released through a novel regional response of the wing tissue to a conserved patterning signal. Our study demonstrates that development can bias the evolutionary independence of traits, but it also shows how bias can be released through developmental innovations, thus, allowing rapid morphological change, facilitating evolutionary diversification.
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10
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Purchart L, Hula V, Fric ZF. Comparison of the biogeographic origin of three terrestrial arthropod groups in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen). RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-020-00926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Halali S, Brakefield PM, Collins SC, Brattström O. To mate, or not to mate: The evolution of reproductive diapause facilitates insect radiation into African savannahs in the Late Miocene. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1230-1241. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Halali
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | | | - Oskar Brattström
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI) Nairobi Kenya
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12
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Toussaint EFA, Müller CJ, Morinière J, Tänzler R, Balke M. A glide over the Indo-Australian geological maze: repeated transgressions of Lydekker’s and Wallace’s Lines in archdukes, barons and dukes (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae: Adoliadini). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Archdukes, barons, counts, dukes and marquises are forest-dwelling butterflies found in mainland Asia and most islands of the Indo-Australian archipelago west of Wallace’s Line, with only a few species occurring as far east as the Bismarck Archipelago. This pattern is unusual among butterfly groups of the region, which often present more widespread geographical ranges bearing little signature of Lydekker’s and Wallace’s Lines. Using a molecular multimarker matrix, we infer the first dated phylogeny for this clade and estimate its biogeographical history. We recover the Oriental genus Euthalia as polyphyletic, although other genera are monophyletic. The clade originated in continental Indomalaya in the late Oligocene ~24 Mya, when the Indo-Australian archipelago was at one of the most dynamic stages of its orogeny. Multiple independent colonization events towards the Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, Australia and New Guinea suggest the relative permeability of Lydekker’s and Wallace’s Lines to these butterflies. Colonization of Melanesia took place twice, probably before the recent formation of Sulawesi. The study of Indo-Australian Adoliadini provides additional evidence that biogeographical barriers long thought to prevent exchange between the Asian and Australian biotas are, in fact, permeable especially to vagile insect lineages in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jérôme Morinière
- SNSB-Zoological State Collection, Münchhausenstraße, Munich, Germany
| | - Rene Tänzler
- SNSB-Zoological State Collection, Münchhausenstraße, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Balke
- SNSB-Zoological State Collection, Münchhausenstraße, Munich, Germany
- GeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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13
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Molleman F, Javoiš J, Davis RB, Whitaker MRL, Tammaru T, Prinzing A, Õunap E, Wahlberg N, Kodandaramaiah U, Aduse‐Poku K, Kaasik A, Carey JR. Quantifying the effects of species traits on predation risk in nature: A comparative study of butterfly wing damage. J Anim Ecol 2019; 89:716-729. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Freerk Molleman
- Department of Systematic Zoology Faculty of Biology Institute of Environmental Biology A. Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
- IISER‐TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution (ICREEE) IISER Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram India
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Juhan Javoiš
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Robert B. Davis
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Melissa R. L. Whitaker
- Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Entomological Collection ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Toomas Tammaru
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- Université de Rennes 1Ecosystèmes Biodiversité Evolution (ECOBIO)Rennes France
| | - Erki Õunap
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | | | - Ullasa Kodandaramaiah
- IISER‐TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution (ICREEE) IISER Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Kwaku Aduse‐Poku
- Department of Biology University of Richmond Richmond VA USA
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Ants Kaasik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - James R. Carey
- Department of Entomology University of California, Davis Davis CA USA
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14
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Balamurali GS, Edison A, Somanathan H, Kodandaramaiah U. Spontaneous colour preferences and colour learning in the fruit-feeding butterfly, Mycalesis mineus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Joshi J, Edgecombe GD. Evolutionary biogeography of the centipede genus Ethmostigmus from Peninsular India: testing an ancient vicariance hypothesis for Old World tropical diversity. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:41. [PMID: 30709332 PMCID: PMC6359765 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the relative influence of vicariance and dispersal in shaping Old World tropical biodiversity remains a challenge. We aimed to infer the roles of these alternative biogeographic processes using a species time-tree for the centipede genus Ethmostigmus from the Old World tropics. Additionally, we explored fine-scale biogeographic patterns for an endemic radiation of Ethmostigmus from the peninsular Indian Plate (PIP), an area with complex geological and climatic history. RESULTS Divergence time estimates suggest that Ethmostigmus began diversifying in the Late Cretaceous, 99 (± 25) million years ago (Ma), its early biogeographic history shaped by vicariance. Members of Ethmostigmus in PIP form a monophyletic group that underwent endemic radiation in the Late Cretaceous, 72 (± 25) Ma. In contrast, a new species of Ethmostigmus from north-east India formed a clade with African/Australian species. Fine-scale biogeographic analyses in PIP predict that Indian Ethmostigmus had an ancestor in southern-central parts of the Western Ghats. This was followed by four independent dispersal events from the southern-central Western Ghats to the Eastern Ghats, and between different parts of the Western Ghats in the Cenozoic. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with Gondwanan break-up driving the early evolutionary history of the genus Ethmostigmus. Multiple dispersal events coinciding with geo-climatic events throughout the Cenozoic shaped diversification in PIP. Ethmostigmus species in PIP are restricted to wet forests and have retained that niche throughout their diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavi Joshi
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
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16
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Balmer AJ, Brakefield PM, Brattström O, van Bergen E. Developmental plasticity for male secondary sexual traits in a group of polyphenic tropical butterflies. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Balmer
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Paul M. Brakefield
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Oskar Brattström
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Erik van Bergen
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
- Inst. Gulbenkian de Ciência; Oeiras Portugal
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17
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Nokelainen O, van Bergen E, Ripley BS, Brakefield PM. Adaptation of a tropical butterfly to a temperate climate. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Osozawa S, Takáhashi M, Wakabayashi J. Quaternary vicariance of Ypthima butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and systematics in the Ryukyu Islands and Oriental region. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Hundsdoerfer AK, Päckert M, Kehlmaier C, Strutzenberger P, Kitching IJ. Museum archives revisited: Central Asiatic hawkmoths reveal exceptionally high late Pliocene species diversification (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Hundsdoerfer
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Königsbrücker Landstr. 159 Dresden D-01109 Germany
| | - Martin Päckert
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Königsbrücker Landstr. 159 Dresden D-01109 Germany
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F); Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt am Main D-60325 Germany
| | - Christian Kehlmaier
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Königsbrücker Landstr. 159 Dresden D-01109 Germany
| | - Patrick Strutzenberger
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Königsbrücker Landstr. 159 Dresden D-01109 Germany
| | - Ian J. Kitching
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
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van Bergen E, Osbaldeston D, Kodandaramaiah U, Brattström O, Aduse-Poku K, Brakefield PM. Conserved patterns of integrated developmental plasticity in a group of polyphenic tropical butterflies. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:59. [PMID: 28241743 PMCID: PMC5327525 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental plasticity is thought to have profound macro-evolutionary effects, for example, by increasing the probability of establishment in new environments and subsequent divergence into independently evolving lineages. In contrast to plasticity optimized for individual traits, phenotypic integration, which enables a concerted response of plastic traits to environmental variability, may affect the rate of local adaptation by constraining independent responses of traits to selection. Using a comparative framework, this study explores the evolution of reaction norms for a variety of life history and morphological traits across five related species of mycalesine butterflies from the Old World tropics. RESULTS Our data indicate that an integrated response of a suite of key traits is shared amongst these species. Interestingly, the traits that make up the functional suite are all known to be regulated by ecdysteroid signalling in Bicyclus anynana, one of the species included in this study, suggesting the same underlying hormonal regulator may be conserved within this group of polyphenic butterflies. We also detect developmental thresholds for the expression of alternative morphs. CONCLUSIONS The phenotypic plasticity of a broad suite of morphological and life history traits is integrated and shared among species from three geographically independent lineages of mycalesine butterflies, despite considerable periods of independent evolution and exposure to disparate environments. At the same time, we have detected examples of evolutionary change where independent traits show different patterns of reaction norms. We argue that the expression of more robust phenotypes may occur by shifting developmental thresholds beyond the boundaries of the typical environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Bergen
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.
- Present Address: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, P-2780, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Dave Osbaldeston
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Ullasa Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, CET campus, Trivandrum, 695016, India
| | - Oskar Brattström
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Kwaku Aduse-Poku
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- Present Address: Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, Convent Avenue at 138th Street, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Paul M Brakefield
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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Aduse-Poku K, Brakefield PM, Wahlberg N, Brattström O. Expanded molecular phylogeny of the genus Bicyclus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) shows the importance of increased sampling for detecting semi-cryptic species and highlights potentials for future studies. SYST BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2016.1226979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Aduse-Poku
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Current address: Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, Convent Avenue at 138th Street, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Paul M. Brakefield
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Brattström
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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Genomic Mining of Phylogenetically Informative Nuclear Markers in Bark and Ambrosia Beetles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163529. [PMID: 27668729 PMCID: PMC5036811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep level insect relationships are generally difficult to resolve, especially within taxa of the most diverse and species rich holometabolous orders. In beetles, the major diversity occurs in the Phytophaga, including charismatic groups such as leaf beetles, longhorn beetles and weevils. Bark and ambrosia beetles are wood boring weevils that contribute 12 percent of the diversity encountered in Curculionidae, one of the largest families of beetles with more than 50000 described species. Phylogenetic resolution in groups of Cretaceous age has proven particularly difficult and requires large quantity of data. In this study, we investigated 100 nuclear genes in order to select a number of markers with low evolutionary rates and high phylogenetic signal. A PCR screening using degenerate primers was applied to 26 different weevil species. We obtained sequences from 57 of the 100 targeted genes. Sequences from each nuclear marker were aligned and examined for detecting multiple copies, pseudogenes and introns. Phylogenetic informativeness (PI) and the capacity for reconstruction of previously established phylogenetic relationships were used as proxies for selecting a subset of the 57 amplified genes. Finally, we selected 16 markers suitable for large-scale phylogenetics of Scolytinae and related weevil taxa.
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Nokelainen O, Ripley BS, van Bergen E, Osborne CP, Brakefield PM. Preference for C4 shade grasses increases hatchling performance in the butterfly, Bicyclus safitza. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5246-55. [PMID: 27551380 PMCID: PMC4984501 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Miocene radiation of C4 grasses under high-temperature and low ambient CO 2 levels occurred alongside the transformation of a largely forested landscape into savanna. This inevitably changed the host plant regime of herbivores, and the simultaneous diversification of many consumer lineages, including Bicyclus butterflies in Africa, suggests that the radiations of grasses and grazers may be evolutionary linked. We examined mechanisms for this plant-herbivore interaction with the grass-feeding Bicyclus safitza in South Africa. In a controlled environment, we tested oviposition preference and hatchling performance on local grasses with C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways that grow either in open or shaded habitats. We predicted preference for C3 plants due to a hypothesized lower processing cost and higher palatability to herbivores. In contrast, we found that females preferred C4 shade grasses rather than either C4 grasses from open habitats or C3 grasses. The oviposition preference broadly followed hatchling performance, although hatchling survival was equally good on C4 or C3 shade grasses. This finding was explained by leaf toughness; shade grasses were softer than grasses from open habitats. Field monitoring revealed a preference of adults for shaded habitats, and stable isotope analysis of field-sampled individuals confirmed their preference for C4 grasses as host plants. Our findings suggest that plant-herbivore interactions can influence the direction of selection in a grass-feeding butterfly. Based on this work, we postulate future research to test whether these interactions more generally contribute to radiations in herbivorous insects via expansions into new, unexploited ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossi Nokelainen
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EJUK
| | - Brad S. Ripley
- Department of BotanyRhodes UniversityP.O. Box 94Grahamstown6140South Africa
| | - Erik van Bergen
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EJUK
| | - Colin P. Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
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Bergen E, Barlow HS, Brattström O, Griffiths H, Kodandaramaiah U, Osborne CP, Brakefield PM. The stable isotope ecology of mycalesine butterflies: implications for plant–insect co‐evolution. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bergen
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Henry S. Barlow
- Genting Tea Estate P.O. Box 10139 50704 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Oskar Brattström
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EA UK
| | - Ullasa Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
- School of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram CET Campus Trivandrum 695016 India
| | - Colin P. Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - Paul M. Brakefield
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
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Brattström O, Aduse-Poku K, Collins SC, DI Micco DE Santo T, Brakefield PM. Revision of the Bicyclus sciathis species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with descriptions of four new species and corrected distributional records. SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 41:207-228. [PMID: 27076698 PMCID: PMC4810357 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a thorough revision of the sciathis species group of the butterfly genus Bicyclus (Kirby). Type materials are discussed and in several cases lectotypes are assigned to specimens from original type series. Four new, and morphologically distinct, species are described (B. elishiae Brattström sp.n., B. heathi Brattström sp.n., B. sigiussidorum Brattström sp.n. and B. subtilisurae Brattström sp.n.), along with a comprehensive molecular phylogeny that includes exemplar taxa of all currently recognized species. We also investigate the types of all previously synonymized taxa and in the process invalidate the name B. ewondo Libert. This was done after finding the previously missing holotype of B. makomensis (Strand), which clearly belongs to the same species and thereby gives the older name priority. The phylogeny showed that some distinctly different species were surprisingly closely related, suggesting a high rate of morphological evolution in parts of the sciathis group. The distributional records for the group are updated after investigating over 1700 specimens kept in a range of museum collections. Many species previously thought to be broadly sympatric were found to have much more restricted ranges, with the previous overestimations probably based on misidentified specimens. The higher level of allopatry now established will make identification of many morphologically similar species easier. The fact that species often have smaller ranges than previously known, meaning that the level of endemism for African butterflies is likely to be higher than current estimates, has important implications for conservation management. An identification key for males of all 13 currently recognized species in the species group is included. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:837A9D4C-779A-4497-8176-7151D409DFA5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Brattström
- University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge Cambridge U.K
| | - Kwaku Aduse-Poku
- University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge Cambridge U.K
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