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Messeder JVS, Carlo TA, Zhang G, Tovar JD, Arana C, Huang J, Huang CH, Ma H. A highly resolved nuclear phylogeny uncovers strong phylogenetic conservatism and correlated evolution of fruit color and size in Solanum L. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:765-780. [PMID: 38798267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mutualisms between plants and fruit-eating animals were key to the radiation of angiosperms. Still, phylogenetic uncertainties limit our understanding of fleshy-fruit evolution, as in the case of Solanum, a genus with remarkable fleshy-fruit diversity, but with unresolved phylogenetic relationships. We used 1786 nuclear genes from 247 species, including 122 newly generated transcriptomes/genomes, to reconstruct the Solanum phylogeny and examine the tempo and mode of the evolution of fruit color and size. Our analysis resolved the backbone phylogeny of Solanum, providing high support for its clades. Our results pushed back the origin of Solanum to 53.1 million years ago (Ma), with most major clades diverging between 35 and 27 Ma. Evolution of Solanum fruit color and size revealed high levels of trait conservatism, where medium-sized berries that remain green when ripe are the likely ancestral form. Our analyses revealed that fruit size and color are evolutionary correlated, where dull-colored fruits are two times larger than black/purple and red fruits. We conclude that the strong phylogenetic conservatism shown in the color and size of Solanum fruits could limit the influences of fruit-eating animals on fleshy-fruit evolution. Our findings highlight the importance of phylogenetic constraints on the diversification of fleshy-fruit functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor S Messeder
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tomás A Carlo
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Guojin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Juan David Tovar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, 69060-001, Brazil
| | - César Arana
- Museo de Historia Natural and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, 15072, Peru
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Center of Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chien-Hsun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Center of Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Zhang L, Morales-Briones DF, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhang T, Huang CH, Guo P, Zhang K, Wang Y, Wang H, Shang FD, Ma H. Phylogenomics insights into gene evolution, rapid species diversification, and morphological innovation of the apple tribe (Maleae, Rosaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2102-2120. [PMID: 37537712 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Maleae is one of the most widespread tribes of Rosaceae and includes several important fruit crops and ornamental plants. We used nuclear genes from 62 transcriptomes/genomes, including 26 newly generated transcriptomes, to reconstruct a well-supported phylogeny and study the evolution of fruit and leaf morphology and the possible effect of whole genome duplication (WGD). Our phylogeny recovered 11 well-supported clades and supported the monophyly of most genera (except Malus, Sorbus, and Pourthiaea) with at least two sampled species. A WGD was located to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Maleae and dated to c. 54 million years ago (Ma) near the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, supporting Gillenieae (x = 9) being a parental lineage of Maleae (x = 17) and including duplicate regulatory genes related to the origin of the fleshy pome fruit. Whole genome duplication-derived paralogs that are retained in specific lineages but lost in others are predicted to function in development, metabolism, and other processes. An upshift of diversification and innovations of fruit and leaf morphologies occurred at the MRCA of the Malinae subtribe, coinciding with the Eocene-Oligocene transition (c. 34 Ma), following a lag from the time of the WGD event. Our results provide new insights into the Maleae phylogeny, its rapid diversification, and morphological and molecular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Department of Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Diego F Morales-Briones
- Princess Therese von Bayern chair of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, Munich, 80638, Germany
| | - Yujie Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guojin Zhang
- Department of Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Taikui Zhang
- Department of Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chien-Hsun Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fu-De Shang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Yang X, Wang Y, Liu TX, Liu Q, Liu J, Lü TF, Yang RX, Guo FX, Wang YZ. CYCLOIDEA-like genes control floral symmetry, floral orientation, and nectar guide patterning. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2799-2820. [PMID: 37132634 PMCID: PMC10396386 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Actinomorphic flowers usually orient vertically (relative to the horizon) and possess symmetric nectar guides, while zygomorphic flowers often face horizontally and have asymmetric nectar guides, indicating that floral symmetry, floral orientation, and nectar guide patterning are correlated. The origin of floral zygomorphy is dependent on the dorsoventrally asymmetric expression of CYCLOIDEA (CYC)-like genes. However, how horizontal orientation and asymmetric nectar guides are achieved remains poorly understood. Here, we selected Chirita pumila (Gesneriaceae) as a model plant to explore the molecular bases for these traits. By analyzing gene expression patterns, protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions, and encoded protein functions, we identified multiple roles and functional divergence of 2 CYC-like genes, i.e. CpCYC1 and CpCYC2, in controlling floral symmetry, floral orientation, and nectar guide patterning. CpCYC1 positively regulates its own expression, whereas CpCYC2 does not regulate itself. In addition, CpCYC2 upregulates CpCYC1, while CpCYC1 downregulates CpCYC2. This asymmetric auto-regulation and cross-regulation mechanism might explain the high expression levels of only 1 of these genes. We show that CpCYC1 and CpCYC2 determine asymmetric nectar guide formation, likely by directly repressing the flavonoid synthesis-related gene CpF3'5'H. We further suggest that CYC-like genes play multiple conserved roles in Gesneriaceae. These findings shed light on the repeated origins of zygomorphic flowers in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tian-Feng Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Rui-Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng-Xian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin-Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Sinnott-Armstrong MA, Middleton R, Ogawa Y, Jacucci G, Moyroud E, Glover BJ, Rudall PJ, Vignolini S, Donoghue MJ. Multiple origins of lipid-based structural colors contribute to a gradient of fruit colors in Viburnum (Adoxaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:643-655. [PMID: 36229924 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Structural color is poorly known in plants relative to animals. In fruits, only a handful of cases have been described, including in Viburnum tinus where the blue color results from a disordered multilayered reflector made of lipid droplets. Here, we examine the broader evolutionary context of fruit structural color across the genus Viburnum. We obtained fresh and herbarium fruit material from 30 Viburnum species spanning the phylogeny and used transmission electron microscopy, optical simulations, and ancestral state reconstruction to identify the presence/absence of photonic structures in each species, understand the mechanism producing structural color in newly identified species, relate the development of cell wall structure to reflectance in Viburnum dentatum, and describe the evolution of cell wall architecture across Viburnum. We identify at least two (possibly three) origins of blue fruit color in Viburnum in species which produce large photonic structures made of lipid droplets embedded in the cell wall and which reflect blue light. Examining the full spectrum of mechanisms producing color in pl, including structural color as well as pigments, will yield further insights into the diversity, ecology, and evolution of fruit color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A Sinnott-Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rox Middleton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Av, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gianni Jacucci
- UMR 8552, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure-Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Edwige Moyroud
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 ILR, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Michael J Donoghue
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Liu X, Cai HM, Wang WQ, Lin W, Su ZW, Ma ZH. Why is the beautyberry so colourful? Evolution, biogeography, and diversification of fruit colours in Callicarpa (Lamiaceae). PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:6-19. [PMID: 36876305 PMCID: PMC9975479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit colour is essential to seed dispersal, speciation, and biological diversity in global ecosystems. The relationship between fruit-colour variation and species diversification has long been of interest in evolutionary biology, but remains poorly understood at the genus level. Here, we used Callicarpa, a typical representative of pantropical angiosperm, to analyse whether fruit colours are correlated with biogeographic distribution, dispersal events, and diversification rate. We estimated a time-calibrated phylogeny for Callicarpa and reconstructed ancestral fruit colour. Utilizing phylogenetic methods, we estimated the major dispersal events across the phylogenetic tree and the most likely fruit colours related to each dispersal event, and tested whether the dispersal frequencies and distances of the four fruit colours between major biogeographical areas were equal. We then tested whether fruit colours are correlated with latitude, elevation, and diversification rate. Biogeographical reconstructions showed that Callicarpa originated in the East Asia and Southeast Asia during the Eocene (∼35.53 Ma) and diverse species diverged mainly in the Miocene and lasted into the Pleistocene. Large-scale dispersal events were significantly associated with violet-fruited lineages. Furthermore, different fruit colours were markedly correlated with different latitudes and elevations (e.g., violet fruits were correlated with higher latitudes and elevations; red fruits and black fruits with lower latitudes; white fruits with higher elevations). Notably, violet fruits were statistically associated with highest diversification rates, driving fruit colour variation among different regions globally. Our results contribute to further understanding why fruit colour is so variable at the genus level of angiosperms in different areas around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Cai
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wen-Qiao Wang
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Su
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hui Ma
- Department of Agricultural College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
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Nevo O, Valenta K, Helman A, Ganzhorn JU, Ayasse M. Fruit scent as an honest signal for fruit quality. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:139. [PMID: 36451093 PMCID: PMC9710009 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fleshy fruits evolved to be attractive to seed dispersers through various signals such as color and scent. Signals can evolve through different trajectories and have various degrees of reliability. The strongest substrate on which reliable signals can evolve is when there is an inherent link between signal and reward, rendering cheating costly or impossible. It was recently proposed that aliphatic esters in fruit scent may be predictive of sugar content due to their synthesis from products of sugar fermentation. We test this hypothesis on a case study of wild fig species (Ficus tiliifolia) from Madagascar, which relies on seed dispersal by lemurs. RESULTS We found a strong positive correlation between signal (esters) and reward (sugar). We also found that non-esters, including direct fermentation products, in fruit scent do not indicate sugar levels, which implies that this relationship is not simply a product of fruit maturation wherein more mature fruits emit more scent and contain more sugar. CONCLUSIONS While based on a single taxon, these results strongly support the hypothesis that a biochemical link between ester synthesis and sugar may render the ester fraction of fruit scent an honest signal for fruit quality, with consequences for animal sensory and feeding ecology, and the evolution of plants in the context of seed dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Nevo
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany. .,Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Kim Valenta
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Annabella Helman
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jörg U. Ganzhorn
- grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617Animal Ecology and Conservation, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Sinnott‐Armstrong MA, Ogawa Y, van de Kerkhof GT, Vignolini S, Smith SD. Convergent evolution of disordered lipidic structural colour in the fruits of Lantana strigocamara (syn. L. camara hybrid cultivar). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:898-906. [PMID: 35590489 PMCID: PMC9328138 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The majority of plant colours are produced by anthocyanin and carotenoid pigments, but colouration obtained by nanostructured materials (i.e. structural colours) is increasingly reported in plants. Here, we identify a multilayer photonic structure in the fruits of Lantana strigocamara and compare it with a similar structure in Viburnum tinus fruits. We used a combination of transmission electron microscopy (EM), serial EM tomography, scanning force microscopy and optical simulations to characterise the photonic structure in L. strigocamara. We also examine the development of the structure during maturation. We found that the structural colour derives from a disordered, multilayered reflector consisting of lipid droplets of c.105 nm that form a plate-like structure in 3D. This structure begins to form early in development and reflects blue wavelengths of light with increasing intensity over time as the structure develops. The materials used are likely to be lipid polymers. Lantana strigocamara is the second origin of a lipid-based photonic structure, convergently evolved with the structure in Viburnum tinus. Chemical differences between the lipids in L. strigocamara and those of V. tinus suggest a distinct evolutionary trajectory with implications for the signalling function of structural colours in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A. Sinnott‐Armstrong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Colorado‐BoulderBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAVGrenoble38000France
| | | | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Stacey D. Smith
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Colorado‐BoulderBoulderCO80309USA
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Donoghue MJ, Eaton DAR, Maya-Lastra CA, Landis MJ, Sweeney PW, Olson ME, Cacho NI, Moeglein MK, Gardner JR, Heaphy NM, Castorena M, Rivas AS, Clement WL, Edwards EJ. Replicated radiation of a plant clade along a cloud forest archipelago. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1318-1329. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Odintsova A. Morphogenesis of fruit as a subject matter for the carpological studies. UKRAINIAN BOTANICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ukrbotj79.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the concept of fruit morphogenesis is treated in the context of implementation of the evo-devo approach in carpology. A new viewpoint on the fruit morphogenesis is proposed and justified, comprising the pre-anthetic, as well as post-anthetic periods of fruit development, id est, development of the gynoecium, and development of the fruit itself. It is proposed to recognize ontogenetical (individual) and evolutionary (historical) aspects of fruit morphogenesis, the first of them we can study directly, while the second aspect can be only hypothesized or treated as a theoretical model of fruit evolution in consequence of some presumed changes in the individual fruit morphogenesis. In this article these aspects are named as "ontomorphogenesis" and "phylomorphogenesis" of the fruit, correspondingly. Our concept of ontomorphogenesis of the fruit involves four components that could not be brought together, such as changes in the morphological structure of the gynoecium, abscission of the extragynecial floral parts and the style, histogenesis of the fruit wall and other fruit parts, and terminal stages of the fruit morphogenesis (dehiscence, splitting, or abscission). The current state of studies of these components in the individual and evolutionary contexts is discussed. By examining the patterns of fruit evolution, we should consider factors acting at both the post-anthetic and pre-anthetic periods of fruit ontomorphogenesis.
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10
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Takahashi K, Takahashi K. Alpine ericaceous dwarf shrubs as summer food resources for Asiatic black bears in Japan. URSUS 2022. [DOI: 10.2192/ursus-d-20-00013.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Takahashi
- Faculty of Tourism and Environmental Studies, Nagano University, Japan
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Division of Gene Research, Department of Life Science, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Japan
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11
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Frost LA, O'Leary N, Lagomarsino LP, Tank DC, Olmstead RG. Phylogeny, classification, and character evolution of tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1982-2001. [PMID: 34669193 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE As a family of Neotropical origin and primarily Neotropical distribution, the Verbenaceae are a good but understudied system with which to understand Neotropical evolution. Tribe Citharexyleae comprises three genera: Baillonia, Citharexylum-one of the largest genera in Verbenaceae-and Rehdera. A molecular phylogenetic approach was taken to resolve intergeneric relationships in Citharexyleae and infrageneric relationships in Citharexylum. The phylogeny is used to elucidate character evolution in a widespread, morphologically diverse Neotropical genus. METHODS Seven plastid regions, two nuclear ribosomal spacers, and six low-copy nuclear loci were analyzed for 64 species of Citharexyleae. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and multispecies coalescent approaches. Habit, presence or absence of thorns, inflorescence architecture, flower color, fruit color, and geography were examined to identify diagnostic character states for clades within Citharexylum. RESULTS Rehdera is resolved as sister to Citharexylum, and Baillonia nested within Citharexylum. Two species, C. oleinum and C. tetramerum, are not closely related to tribe Citharexyleae, but may be related to members of tribe Duranteae instead. Seven clades within Citharexylum are inferred, each characterized by a combination of geography, fruit color and/or maturation, and inflorescence architecture. There is evidence of correlated evolution between habit, axillary inflorescences, and flower number per inflorescence. Shrubs with reduced inflorescences have evolved repeatedly. CONCLUSIONS A subgeneric classification for Citharexylum is proposed. Although suites of associated traits are found, character morphology has been labile throughout Citharexylum's evolutionary history. Morphological diversity may be related to adaptation to differing mesic and xeric habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Frost
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nataly O'Leary
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Labardén 200, San Isidro, Argentina
| | - Laura P Lagomarsino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - David C Tank
- Department of Botany & Rocky Mountain Herbarium, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA
| | - Richard G Olmstead
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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12
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Fruit secondary metabolites shape seed dispersal effectiveness. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:1113-1123. [PMID: 34509316 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) play a central role in seed dispersal and fruit defense, with potential for large impacts on plant fitness and demography. Yet because PSMs can have multiple interactive functions across seed dispersal stages, we must systematically study their effects to determine the net consequences for plant fitness. To tackle this issue, we integrate the role of fruit PSMs into the seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) framework. We describe PSM effects on the quantity and quality of animal-mediated seed dispersal, both in pairwise interactions and diverse disperser communities, as well as trade-offs that occur across dispersal stages. By doing so, this review provides structure to a rapidly growing field and yields insights into a critical process shaping plant populations.
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13
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Santana SE, Kaliszewska ZA, Leiser-Miller LB, Lauterbur ME, Arbour JH, Dávalos LM, Riffell JA. Fruit odorants mediate co-specialization in a multispecies plant-animal mutualism. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210312. [PMID: 34375556 PMCID: PMC8354748 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread notion that animal-mediated seed dispersal led to the evolution of fruit traits that attract mutualistic frugivores, the dispersal syndrome hypothesis remains controversial, particularly for complex traits such as fruit scent. Here, we test this hypothesis in a community of mutualistic, ecologically important neotropical bats (Carollia spp.) and plants (Piper spp.) that communicate primarily via chemical signals. We found greater bat consumption is significantly associated with scent chemical diversity and presence of specific compounds, which fit multi-peak selective regime models in Piper. Through behavioural assays, we found Carollia prefer certain compounds, particularly 2-heptanol, which evolved as a unique feature of two Piper species highly consumed by these bats. Thus, we demonstrate that volatile compounds emitted by neotropical Piper fruits evolved in tandem with seed dispersal by scent-oriented Carollia bats. Specifically, fruit scent chemistry in some Piper species fits adaptive evolutionary scenarios consistent with a dispersal syndrome hypothesis. While other abiotic and biotic processes likely shaped the chemical composition of ripe fruit scent in Piper, our results provide some of the first evidence of the effect of bat frugivory on plant chemical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene E. Santana
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | - M. Elise Lauterbur
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jessica H. Arbour
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Liliana M. Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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14
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Analysis of the Physical Properties of Seeds of Selected Viburnum Species for the Needs of Seed Sorting Operations. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viburnum is a genus of colorful and ornamental plants popular in landscape design on account of their high esthetic appeal. The physical properties of viburnum seeds have not been investigated in the literature to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the seeds of selected Viburnum species and to search for potential relationships between their physical attributes for the needs of seed sorting operations. The basic physical parameters of the seeds of six Viburnum species were measured, and the relationships between these attributes were determined in correlation and regression analyses. The average values of the evaluated parameters were determined in the following range: terminal velocity—from 5.6 to 7.9 m s−1, thickness—from 1.39 to 1.87 mm, width—from 3.59 to 6.33 mm, length—from 5.58 to 7.44 mm, angle of external friction—from 36.7 to 43.8°, mass—from 16.7 to 35.0 mg. The seeds of V. dasyanthum, V. lentago and V. sargentii should be sorted in air separators, and the seeds of V. lantana and V. opulus should be processed with the use of mesh screens with round apertures to obtain uniform size fractions. The seeds of V. rhytodophyllum cannot be effectively sorted into batches with uniform seed mass, but they can be separated into groups with similar dimensions.
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15
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Landis MJ, Eaton DAR, Clement WL, Park B, Spriggs EL, Sweeney PW, Edwards EJ, Donoghue MJ. Joint Phylogenetic Estimation of Geographic Movements and Biome Shifts during the Global Diversification of Viburnum. Syst Biol 2020; 70:67-85. [PMID: 32267945 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogeny, molecular sequences, fossils, biogeography, and biome occupancy are all lines of evidence that reflect the singular evolutionary history of a clade, but they are most often studied separately, by first inferring a fossil-dated molecular phylogeny, then mapping on ancestral ranges and biomes inferred from extant species. Here we jointly model the evolution of biogeographic ranges, biome affinities, and molecular sequences, while incorporating fossils to estimate a dated phylogeny for all of the 163 extant species of the woody plant clade Viburnum (Adoxaceae) that we currently recognize in our ongoing worldwide monographic treatment of the group. Our analyses indicate that while the major Viburnum lineages evolved in the Eocene, the majority of extant species originated since the Miocene. Viburnum radiated first in Asia, in warm, broad-leaved evergreen (lucidophyllous) forests. Within Asia, we infer several early shifts into more tropical forests, and multiple shifts into forests that experience prolonged freezing. From Asia, we infer two early movements into the New World. These two lineages probably first occupied warm temperate forests and adapted later to spreading cold climates. One of these lineages (Porphyrotinus) occupied cloud forests and moved south through the mountains of the Neotropics. Several other movements into North America took place more recently, facilitated by prior adaptations to freezing in the Old World. We also infer four disjunctions between Asia and Europe: the Tinus lineage is the oldest and probably occupied warm forests when it spread, whereas the other three were more recent and in cold-adapted lineages. These results variously contradict published accounts, especially the view that Viburnum radiated initially in cold forests and, accordingly, maintained vessel elements with scalariform perforations. We explored how the location and biome assignments of fossils affected our inference of ancestral areas and biome states. Our results are sensitive to, but not entirely dependent upon, the inclusion of fossil biome data. It will be critical to take advantage of all available lines of evidence to decipher events in the distant past. The joint estimation approach developed here provides cautious hope even when fossil evidence is limited. [Biogeography; biome; combined evidence; fossil pollen; phylogeny; Viburnum.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Landis
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Deren A R Eaton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wendy L Clement
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Road, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA
| | - Brian Park
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Spriggs
- The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1300 Centre Street, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Patrick W Sweeney
- Division of Botany, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 208118, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Erika J Edwards
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Division of Botany, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 208118, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael J Donoghue
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Division of Botany, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 208118, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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16
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Valenta K, Nevo O. The dispersal syndrome hypothesis: How animals shaped fruit traits, and how they did not. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Valenta
- Department of Anthropology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Omer Nevo
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm University Ulm Germany
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