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Filippova KO, Ermakov AM, Popov AL, Ermakova ON, Blagodatsky AS, Chukavin NN, Shcherbakov AB, Baranchikov AE, Ivanov VK. Mitogen-like Cerium-Based Nanoparticles Protect Schmidtea mediterranea against Severe Doses of X-rays. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021241. [PMID: 36674757 PMCID: PMC9864839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel radioprotectors are strongly demanded due to their numerous applications in radiobiology and biomedicine, e.g., for facilitating the remedy after cancer radiotherapy. Currently, cerium-containing nanomaterials are regarded as promising inorganic radioprotectors due to their unrivaled antioxidant activity based on their ability to mimic the action of natural redox enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase and to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are by far the main damaging factors of ionizing radiation. The freshwater planarian flatworms are considered a promising system for testing new radioprotectors, due to the high regenerative potential of these species and an excessive amount of proliferating stem cells (neoblasts) in their bodies. Using planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, we tested CeO2 nanoparticles, well known for their antioxidant activity, along with much less studied CeF3 nanoparticles, for their radioprotective potential. In addition, both CeO2 and CeF3 nanoparticles improve planarian head blastema regeneration after ionizing irradiation by enhancing blastema growth, increasing the number of mitoses and neoblasts' survival, and modulating the expression of genes responsible for the proliferation and differentiation of neoblasts. The CeO2 nanoparticles' action stems directly from their redox activity as ROS scavengers, while the CeF3 nanoparticles' action is mediated by overexpression of "wound-induced genes" and neoblast- and stem cell-regulating genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O. Filippova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Artem M. Ermakov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Moscow Region Pedagogical State University, Moscow 141014, Russia
| | - Anton L. Popov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga N. Ermakova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Artem S. Blagodatsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Nikita N. Chukavin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Moscow Region Pedagogical State University, Moscow 141014, Russia
| | - Alexander B. Shcherbakov
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander E. Baranchikov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir K. Ivanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Sridhar D, Aboobaker A. Monitoring Chromatin Regulation in Planarians Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Followed by Sequencing (ChIP-seq). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2450:529-547. [PMID: 35359327 PMCID: PMC9761535 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Planarians are an accessible model system to study animal regeneration and stem cells. Over the last two decades, new molecular techniques have provided us with powerful tools to understand whole-body regeneration and pluripotent adult stem cells specifically. We describe a method for performing Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) on planarian cells that relies on FACS to isolate different cell populations followed by immunoprecipitation and library preparation for next-generation sequencing. Whole-genome profiling of histone modifications enables a greater understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in development, pluripotency, and differentiation. This protocol adds to the growing list of functional genomic approaches to study whole-body regeneration in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sridhar
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aziz Aboobaker
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Ermakov AM, Kamenskikh KA, Ermakova ON, Blagodatsky AS, Popov AL, Ivanov VK. Planarians as an In Vivo Experimental Model for the Study of New Radioprotective Substances. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111763. [PMID: 34829634 PMCID: PMC8615267 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation causes the death of the most actively dividing cells, thus leading to depletion of the stem cell pool. Planarians are invertebrate flatworms that are unique in that their stem cells, called neoblasts, constantly replace old, damaged, or dying cells. Amenability to efficient RNAi treatments, the rapid development of clear phenotypes, and sensitivity to ionising radiation, combined with new genomic technologies, make planarians an outstanding tool for the discovery of potential radioprotective agents. In this work, using the well-known antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, planarians are, for the first time, shown to be an excellent model system for the fast and effective screening of novel radioprotective and radio-sensitising substances. In addition, a panel of measurable parameters that can be used for the study of radioprotective effects on this model is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem M. Ermakov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.M.E.); (K.A.K.); (O.N.E.); (A.S.B.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Kristina A. Kamenskikh
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.M.E.); (K.A.K.); (O.N.E.); (A.S.B.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Olga N. Ermakova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.M.E.); (K.A.K.); (O.N.E.); (A.S.B.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Artem S. Blagodatsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.M.E.); (K.A.K.); (O.N.E.); (A.S.B.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Anton L. Popov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.M.E.); (K.A.K.); (O.N.E.); (A.S.B.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Vladimir K. Ivanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Chen X, Liu Y, Zhu X, Lv Q. Comparative Proteome Analysis Indicates The Divergence between The Head and Tail Regeneration in Planarian. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:640-649. [PMID: 34939757 PMCID: PMC8665983 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even a small fragment from the body of planarian can regenerate an entire animal, implying that the different fragments from this flatworm eventually reach the same solution. In this study, our aim was to reveal the differences and similarities in mechanisms between different regenerating fragments from this worm. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we profiled the dynamic proteome of regenerating head and tail to reveal the differences and similarities between different regenerating fragments using 2-DE combined with MALDITOF/ TOF MS. RESULTS Proteomic profiles of head and tail regeneration identified a total of 516 differential expressed proteins (DEPs) and showed a great difference in quantity and fold changes of proteome profiles between the two scenarios. Briefly, out of the 516 DEPs, 314 were identified to be specific for anterior regeneration, while 165 were specific for posterior regeneration. Bioinformatics analysis showed a wide discrepancy in biological activities between two regenerative processes; especially, differentiation and development and signal transduction in head regeneration were much more complex than that in tail regeneration. Protein functional analysis combined with protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed a significant contribution of both Wnt and BMP signaling pathways to head regeneration not but tail regeneration. Additionally, several novel proteins showed completely opposite expression between head and tail regeneration. CONCLUSION Proteomic profiles of head and tail regeneration identified a total of 516 differential expressed proteins (DEPs) and showed a great difference in quantity and fold changes of proteome profiles between the two scenarios. Briefly, out of the 516 DEPs, 314 were identified to be specific for anterior regeneration, while 165 were specific for posterior regeneration. Bioinformatics analysis showed a wide discrepancy in biological activities between two regenerative processes; especially, differentiation and development and signal transduction in head regeneration were much more complex than that in tail regeneration. Protein functional analysis combined with protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed a significant contribution of both Wnt and BMP signaling pathways to head regeneration not but tail regeneration. Additionally, several novel proteins showed completely opposite expression between head and tail regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Chen
- Animal Science and Technology SchoolHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
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Khan AU, Qu R, Ouyang J, Dai J. Role of Nucleoporins and Transport Receptors in Cell Differentiation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:239. [PMID: 32308628 PMCID: PMC7145948 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional molecular movements between the nucleus and cytoplasm take place through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the nuclear membrane. These macromolecular structures are composed of several nucleoporins, which form seven different subcomplexes based on their biochemical affinity. These nucleoporins are integral components of the complex, not only allowing passive transport but also interacting with importin, exportin, and other molecules that are required for transport of protein in various cellular processes. Transport of different proteins is carried out either dependently or independently on transport receptors. As well as facilitating nucleocytoplasmic transport, nucleoporins also play an important role in cell differentiation, possibly by their direct gene interaction. This review will cover the general role of nucleoporins (whether its dependent or independent) and nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors in cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Strand NS, Allen JM, Zayas RM. Post-translational regulation of planarian regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:58-68. [PMID: 29705300 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most mammals cannot easily overcome degenerative disease or traumatic injuries. In contrast, an innate ability to regenerate is observed across animal phyla. Freshwater planarians are amongst the organisms that are capable of stem cell-mediated whole-body regeneration and have served as an exemplary model to study how pluripotency is maintained and regulated in vivo. Here, we review findings on the role of post-translational modifications and the genes regulating phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and chromatin remodeling in planarian regeneration. Furthermore, we discuss how technological advances for identifying cellular targets of these processes will fill gaps in our knowledge of the signaling mechanisms that underlie regeneration in planarians, which should inform how tissue repair can be stimulated in non-regenerative model organisms and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Strand
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - John M Allen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Ricardo M Zayas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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7
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Dattani A, Sridhar D, Aziz Aboobaker A. Planarian flatworms as a new model system for understanding the epigenetic regulation of stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:79-94. [PMID: 29694837 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Planarian flatworms possess pluripotent stem cells (neoblasts) that are able to differentiate into all cell types that constitute the adult body plan. Consequently, planarians possess remarkable regenerative capabilities. Transcriptomic studies have revealed that gene expression is coordinated to maintain neoblast pluripotency, and ensure correct lineage specification during differentiation. But as yet they have not revealed how this regulation of expression is controlled. In this review, we propose that planarians represent a unique and effective system to study the epigenetic regulation of these processes in an in vivo context. We consolidate evidence suggesting that although DNA methylation is likely present in some flatworm lineages, it does not regulate neoblast function in Schmidtea mediterranea. A number of phenotypic studies have documented the role of histone modification and chromatin remodelling complexes in regulating distinct neoblast processes, and we focus on four important examples of planarian epigenetic regulators: Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC), the SET1/MLL methyltransferases, and the nuclear PIWI/piRNA complex. Given the recent advent of ChIP-seq in planarians, we propose future avenues of research that will identify the genomic targets of these complexes allowing for a clearer picture of how neoblast processes are coordinated at the epigenetic level. These insights into neoblast biology may be directly relevant to mammalian stem cells and disease. The unique biology of planarians will also allow us to investigate how extracellular signals feed into epigenetic regulatory networks to govern concerted neoblast responses during regenerative polarity, tissue patterning, and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Dattani
- Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
| | - Divya Sridhar
- Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - A Aziz Aboobaker
- Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
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8
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Whitmill A, Liu Y, Timani KA, Niu Y, He JJ. Tip110 Deletion Impaired Embryonic and Stem Cell Development Involving Downregulation of Stem Cell Factors Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1674-1686. [PMID: 28436127 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat-interacting protein of 110 kDa, Tip110, plays important roles in multiple biological processes. In this study, we aimed to characterize the function of Tip110 in embryonic development. Transgenic mice lacking expression of a functional Tip110 gene (Tip110-/- ) died post-implantation, and Tip110-/- embryos exhibited developmental arrest between 8.5 and 9.5 days post coitum. However, in vitro cultures of Tip110-/- embryos showed that Tip110 loss did not impair embryo growth from the zygote to the blastocyst. Extended in vitro cultures of Tip110-/- blastocysts showed that Tip110 loss impaired both blastocyst outgrowth and self-renewal and survival of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cells. Microarray analysis of Tip110-/- embryonic stem cells revealed that Tip110 loss altered differentiation, pluripotency, and cycling of embryonic stem cells and was associated with downregulation of several major stem cell factors including Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 through a complex network of signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings document for the first time the lethal effects of complete loss of Tip110 on mammalian embryonic development and suggest that Tip110 is an important regulator of not only embryonic development but also stem cell factors. Stem Cells 2017;35:1674-1686.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Whitmill
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Khalid Amine Timani
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Yinghua Niu
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Ross KG, Currie KW, Pearson BJ, Zayas RM. Nervous system development and regeneration in freshwater planarians. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6. [DOI: 10.1002/wdev.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G. Ross
- Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
| | - Ko W. Currie
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto Canada
| | - Bret J. Pearson
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto Canada
| | - Ricardo M. Zayas
- Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
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10
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Vásquez-Doorman C, Petersen CP. The NuRD complex component p66 suppresses photoreceptor neuron regeneration in planarians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:168-78. [PMID: 27606067 PMCID: PMC5011480 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration involves precise control of cell fate to produce an appropriate complement of tissues formed within a blastema. Several chromatin-modifying complexes have been identified as required for regeneration in planarians, but it is unclear whether this class of molecules uniformly promotes the production of differentiated cells. We identify a function for p66, encoding a DNA-binding protein component of the NuRD (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase) complex, as well as the chromodomain helicase chd4, in suppressing production of photoreceptor neurons (PRNs) in planarians. This suppressive effect appeared restricted to PRNs because p66 inhibition did not influence numbers of eye pigment cup cells (PCCs) and decreased numbers of brain neurons and epidermal progenitors. PRNs from p66(RNAi) animals differentiated with some abnormalities but nonetheless produced arrestin+ projections to the brain. p66 inhibition produced excess ovo+otxA+ PRN progenitors without affecting numbers of ovo+otxA- PCC progenitors, and ovo and otxA were each required for the p66(RNAi) excess PRN phenotype. Together these results suggest that p66 acts through the NuRD complex to suppress PRN production by limiting expression of lineage-specific transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian P Petersen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208; Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208
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11
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Choo HJ, Cutler A, Rother F, Bader M, Pavlath GK. Karyopherin Alpha 1 Regulates Satellite Cell Proliferation and Survival by Modulating Nuclear Import. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2784-2797. [PMID: 27434733 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells are stem cells with an essential role in skeletal muscle repair. Precise regulation of gene expression is critical for proper satellite cell quiescence, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Nuclear proteins required for gene expression are dependent on the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery to access to nucleus, however little is known about regulation of nuclear transport in satellite cells. The best characterized nuclear import pathway is classical nuclear import which depends on a classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS) in a cargo protein and the heterodimeric import receptors, karyopherin alpha (KPNA) and beta (KPNB). Multiple KPNA1 paralogs exist and can differ in importing specific cNLS proteins required for cell differentiation and function. We show that transcripts for six Kpna paralogs underwent distinct changes in mouse satellite cells during muscle regeneration accompanied by changes in cNLS proteins in nuclei. Depletion of KPNA1, the most dramatically altered KPNA, caused satellite cells in uninjured muscle to prematurely activate, proliferate and undergo apoptosis leading to satellite cell exhaustion with age. Increased proliferation of satellite cells led to enhanced muscle regeneration at early stages of regeneration. In addition, we observed impaired nuclear localization of two key KPNA1 cargo proteins: p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor associated with cell cycle control and lymphoid enhancer factor 1, a critical cotranscription factor for β-catenin. These results indicate that regulated nuclear import of proteins by KPNA1 is critical for satellite cell proliferation and survival and establish classical nuclear import as a novel regulatory mechanism for controlling satellite cell fate. Stem Cells 2016;34:2784-2797.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Cutler
- Department of Pharmacology.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Franziska Rother
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
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Whitmill A, Timani KA, Liu Y, He JJ. Tip110: Physical properties, primary structure, and biological functions. Life Sci 2016; 149:79-95. [PMID: 26896687 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat-interacting protein of 110kDa (Tip110), also referred to as squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 (Sart3), p110 or p110(nrb), was initially identified as a cDNA clone (KIAA0156) without annotated functions. Over the past twenty years, several functions have been attributed to this protein. The proposed biological functions include roles for Tip110 in pre-mRNA splicing, gene transcription, stem cell biology, and development. Dysregulation of Tip110 is also a contributing factor in the development of cancer and other human diseases. It is clear that our understanding of this protein is rapidly evolving. In this review, we aimed to provide a summary of all the existing literature on this gene/protein and its proposed biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Whitmill
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Khalid Amine Timani
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
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