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Zhong W, Zhou Y, Che M, Wang L, Tian X, Wang C, Cheng Y, Liu H, Zhou Z, Peng G, Zhang K, Luo Y, Shi K, Zhong Z. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from captive primates: characteristics and horizontal gene transfer ability analysis. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0321514. [PMID: 40215220 PMCID: PMC11990791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) around the world has become a significant challenge for humans and animals. In this study, we aimed to examine the characteristics and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) capacity of ESBL-EC derived from captive primates. We screened for ESBL-EC among a total of 444 multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains isolated from 13 zoos in China using double-disk test. ESBL genes, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and virulence-associated genes (VAGs) in ESBL-EC were detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, conjugation experiments were conducted to examine the HGT capacity of ESBL-EC, and the population structure (phylogenetic groups and MLST) was determined. Our results showed that a total of 69 (15.54%, 69/444) ESBL-EC strains were identified, and 5 variants of blaCTX and 3 variants of blaTEM were detected. The highest detection rate was blaCTX-M-55 (49.28%, 34/69), followed by blaCTX-M-15 (39.13%, 27/69). Ten MGEs were detected and the most prevalent was IS26 (78.26%, 54/69), followed by ISEcp1 (60.87%, 42/69). Eighteen combinations of MGEs were detected, in which ISEcp1 + IS26 was predominant (18.84%, n = 13). A total of 15 VAGs were detected and the most prevalent was fimC (84.06%, 58/69), followed by sitA (78.26%, 54/69). Furthermore, HGT ability analysis results showed that 40.58% (28/69) of ESBL-EC strains exhibited the ability to engage in conjugative transfer. Plasmid typing revealed that IncFIB (78.57%, 22/28) had the highest detection rates. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of blaTEM-135, tetA and qnrS; MGEs of IS26, trbC and ISCR3/14 showed high rates of conjugative transfer. The population structure analysis showed that the phylogroup B1 and ST2161 were the most prevalent. ESBL-EC poses a potential threat to captive primates and may spread to other animals, humans, and the environment. It is imperative to implement measures to prevent the transmission of ESBL-EC among captive primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengjie Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- The Chengdu Zoo, Institute of Wild Animals, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of SFGA on The Giant-Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuehong Cheng
- Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve Administration Bureau, Wenchuan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyun Shi
- Jiangsu Yixing People’s Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Zhu J, Liu Z, Wang S, Gao T, Liu W, Yang K, Yuan F, Wu Q, Li C, Guo R, Tian Y, Zhou D. Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Pig Farms in China. Foods 2025; 14:1188. [PMID: 40238372 PMCID: PMC11989071 DOI: 10.3390/foods14071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2025] [Revised: 03/25/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) poses a critical threat to livestock health and food safety, particularly in regard to misuse of antimicrobial agents, which have accelerated the evolution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ETEC strains, reshaping their virulence landscapes and epidemiological trajectories. In this study, 24 ETEC isolates from porcine diarrheal samples undergo genomic and phenotypic profiling, including virulence genotyping, bacterial adhesion, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) analysis. Results show that multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) outputs (ST88, ST100) and serotypes (O9:H19, O116:H11, O149:H10) exhibited enhanced virulence, with F18ab-fimbriated strains carrying Shiga toxin genes (stx2A) demonstrating higher cytotoxicity than non-stx strains. There exists a significant negative correlation between bacterial growth rates and intestinal epithelial adhesion, with the expression of ETEC adhesion and virulence genes being growth-time-dependent. These relationships suggest evolutionary trade-offs favoring either rapid proliferation or virulence. Among these isolates, 95.8% were MDR, with alarming resistance to quinolones and aminoglycosides. Geospatial analysis identified region-specific AMR gene clusters, notably oqxB-aac(3) co-occurrence networks in 79% of ETEC isolates. These results highlight the urgent need for precision interventions, including vaccines targeting epidemic serotypes and AMR monitoring systems to disrupt resistance propagation across swine production networks. By underscoring the importance of current virulence and AMR profiles, this study provides actionable strategies to mitigate ETEC-associated threats to both animal welfare and meat safety ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Zewen Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Siyi Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Keli Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Chang Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Rui Guo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
| | - Danna Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.W.); (T.G.); (W.L.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (R.G.); (Y.T.)
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Cho H, Kim Y, Hassan A, Park KT. Whole-genome sequence-based comparison of antimicrobial resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in pork and chicken production chains in Korea. Int J Food Microbiol 2025; 431:111085. [PMID: 39947843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025]
Abstract
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a serious public health threat. We investigated the distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characteristics of DEC in pork and chicken production chains following the "One Health" approach. We collected 1567 pig- and 771 chicken-associated samples from animal farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets. Of these samples, we identified 150 DEC isolates, with 73 (4.7 %) originating from pigs and 77 (10 %) from chickens. DEC risk of contamination in the final product (meat) was significantly higher in chickens (27.3 %) compared to pigs (0.5 %). In addition, carryover meat contamination was observed by clones originating from slaughterhouses in the chicken meat production chain. The resistance of chicken-associated isolates compared to pig-associated isolates to most antimicrobial agents was higher. Phylogenetic analysis following whole-genome sequencing of 150 DEC showed distinct lineages based on the host species, resulting in 20 clusters and 16 singletons. Multilocus sequence typing and serotyping revealed 25 and 30 different sequence types (STs) and serotypes, respectively. Human infection-related STs, including ST10 (11 %), ST23 (2.3 %), and ST48 (6.8 %), along with serotypes O89 (12.3 %), O26 (6.8 %), O103 (5.5 %), O121 (2.7 %), and O145 (2.7 %), were commonly detected in pig-associated isolates, emphasizing a zoonotic risk. Furthermore, the presence of various plasmids containing antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes was evident, posing a risk of spreading these genes to clinically important pathogens. Therefore, implementing effective control programs to reduce the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant DEC in food production systems is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonwoo Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeona Kim
- Department of Digital Anti-aging and Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Amany Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Kun Taek Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Department of Digital Anti-aging and Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea.
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Wan S, Li N, Habib S, Zheng P, Li Y, Liang Y, Qu Y. Biological Characteristics and Whole-Genome Analysis of a Porcine E. coli Phage. Vet Sci 2025; 12:57. [PMID: 39852932 PMCID: PMC11769469 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/12/2025] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In recent years, the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in pig farms has begun to pose a severe threat to animal welfare and, by extension, public health. In this study, we aimed to explore the biological characteristics and genomic features of bacteriophages that are capable of lysing porcine multidrug-resistant E. coli, which was isolated from sewage. In doing so, we provided a reference for phage therapies that can be used to treat multidrug-resistant strains. (2) Method: Using the multidrug-resistant E. coli isolate sq-1 as the host bacterium, bacteriophages were isolated and purified from fecal samples using a double-layer agar plate method. The morphology was observed using a transmission electron microscope, and its host range, optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), one-step growth curve, thermal stability, acid-base tolerance, and in vitro antibacterial ability were tested. Genomic features were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing. (3) Results: A lytic phage named vB_EcoS_Psq-1 (abbreviated as Psq-1) was successfully isolated. Electron microscopy revealed that Psq-1 belongs to the family of long-tailed phages, possessing clear and transparent plaques of approximately 1 mm in diameter. Psq-1 only lyses the host bacterium and does not affect other E. coli strains or other species of bacteria. The optimal MOI for phage Psq-1 was 0.1, with a latent period of 25 min, an exponential growth period of 25 min, and a lysis yield of 44.21 PFU/cell. Its activity remains stable at temperatures between 40 °C and 60 °C and from pH 4.0 to pH 13.0. Psq-1 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on E. coli in liquid culture medium. The nucleic acid type of phage Psq-1 was dsDNA, with a total genome length of 44,183 bp and a GC content of 52.16%. No known resistance, lysogenic, or virulence-related genes were detected. The whole genome contains 55 open reading frames (ORFs). (4) Conclusions: This study isolated a bacteriophage that is capable of lysing multidrug-resistant E. coli. Characterized by a narrow E. coli lysis range, a long latent period, limited lytic ability, and stable biological properties, this bacteriophage can serve as a reference isolate for E. coli phages and can provide biological materials and data to support research on bacteriophages that are effective against multidrug-resistant porcine E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (S.W.); (N.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Nana Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (S.W.); (N.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sajid Habib
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (S.W.); (N.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Pei Zheng
- Xinjiang Tecon Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Changji 831399, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (S.W.); (N.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (S.W.); (N.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yonggang Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (S.W.); (N.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
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Li Q, Dai JJ, Chen SY, Sun RY, Wang D, Bai SC, Wang MG, Sun J, Liao XP, Liu YH, Fang LX. Prevalence and molecular characteristics of intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheal pigs in Southern China. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110171. [PMID: 38981202 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (InPEC) is one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in farm animals, including profuse neonatal diarrhea and post weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of InPEC and associated primary virulence factors among 543 non-duplicate E. coli isolates from diarrheal pigs from 15 swine farms in southern China. Six major virulence genes associated with InPEC were identified among 69 (12.71 %) E. coli isolates and included est (6.62 %), K88 (4.79 %), elt (3.68 %), eae (1.47 %), stx2 (0.92 %) and F18 (0.55 %). Three pathotypes of InPEC were identified including ETEC (8.10 %), EPEC (1.29 %) and STEC/ETEC (0.92 %). In particular, K88 was only found in ETEC from breeding farms, whereas F18 was only present in STEC/ETEC hybrid from finishing farms. Whole genome sequence analysis of 37 E. coli isolates revealed that InPEC strains frequently co-carried multiple antibiotic resistance gene (ARG). est, elt and F18 were also found to co-locate with ARGs on a single IncFIB/IncFII plasmid. InPEC isolates from different pathotypes also possessed different profiles of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes. Population structure analysis demonstrated that InPEC isolates from different pathotypes were highly heterogeneous whereas those of the same pathotype were extremely similar. Plasmid analysis revealed that K88 and/or est/elt were found on pGX18-2-like/pGX203-2-like and pGX203-1-like IncFII plasmids, while F18 and elt/est, as well as diverse ARGs were found to co-locate on IncFII/IncFIB plasmids with a non-typical backbone. Moreover, these key virulence genes were flanked by or adjacent to IS elements. Our findings indicated that both clonal expansion and horizontal spread of epidemic IncFII plasmids contributed to the prevalence of InPEC and the specific virulence genes (F4, F18, elt and est) in the tested swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing-Jing Dai
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shu-Yi Chen
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruan-Yang Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dong Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuan-Cheng Bai
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Min-Ge Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses Yangzhou University, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses Yangzhou University, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses Yangzhou University, China.
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Yuan Y, Hu Y, Zhang X, Zhong W, Pan S, Wang L, Zhou Z, Liu H, Zhang S, Peng G, Wang Y, Yan Q, Luo Y, Shi K, Zhong Z. Characteristics of MDR E. coli strains isolated from Pet Dogs with clinic diarrhea: A pool of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence-associated genes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298053. [PMID: 38416699 PMCID: PMC10901357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in companion animals poses a threat to both pet treatment and public health. To investigate the characteristics of MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli) from dogs, we detected the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of 135 E. coli isolates from diarrheal pet dogs by disc diffusion method (K-B method), and screened antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence-associated genes (VAGs), and population structure (phylogenetic groups and MLST) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 74 MDR strains, then further analyzed the association between AMRs and ARGs or VAGs. Our results showed that 135 isolates exhibited high resistance to AMP (71.11%, 96/135), TET (62.22%, 84/135), and SXT (59.26%, 80/135). Additionally, 54.81% (74/135) of the isolates were identified as MDR E. coli. In 74 MDR strains, a total of 12 ARGs in 6 categories and 14 VAGs in 4 categories were observed, of which tetA (95.95%, 71/74) and fimC (100%, 74/74) were the most prevalent. Further analysis of associations between ARGs and AMRs or VAGs in MDR strains revealed 23 significant positive associated pairs were observed between ARGs and AMRs, while only 5 associated pairs were observed between ARGs and VAGs (3 positive associated pairs and 2 negative associated pairs). Results of population structure analysis showed that B2 and D groups were the prevalent phylogroups (90.54%, 67/74), and 74 MDR strains belonged to 42 STs (6 clonal complexes and 23 singletons), of which ST10 was the dominant lineage. Our findings indicated that MDR E. coli from pet dogs carry a high diversity of ARGs and VAGs, and were mostly belong to B2/D groups and ST10. Measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of MDR E. coli between companion animals and humans, as the fecal shedding of MDR E. coli from pet dogs may pose a threat to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Wenhao Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Shulei Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- The Chengdu Zoo, Institute of Wild Animals, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyun Shi
- Jiangsu Yixing People’s Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Lu J, Shen T, Zhang Y, Ma X, Xu S, Awad S, Du M, Zhong Z. Safety assessment of Enterococcus lactis based on comparative genomics and phenotypic analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1196558. [PMID: 37283930 PMCID: PMC10239811 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1196558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is sometimes used in food production; however, its acquisition of antibiotic resistance has become an alarming health concern. The E. lactis species is closely related to E. faecium and has good probiotic potential. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance of E. lactis. We analyzed the antibiotic resistance phenotype and whole-genome sequences of 60 E. lactis isolates (23, 29, and 8 isolates from dairy products, Rice wine Koji, and human feces, respectively). These isolates showed varying degree of resistance to 13 antibiotics, and were sensitive to ampicillin and linezolid. The E. lactis genomes carried only a subset of commonly reported antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in E. faecium. Five ARGs were detected across the investigated E. lactis, including two universally present genes (msrC and AAC(6')-Ii) and three rarely detected ARGs (tet(L), tetM, and efmA). To identify other undescribed antibiotic resistance-encoding genes, a genome-wide association study was performed, returning 160 potential resistance genes that were associated with six antibiotics, namely chloramphenicol, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and rifampicin. Only around one-third of these genes encode known biological functions, including cellular metabolism, membrane transport, and DNA synthesis. This work identified interesting targets for future study of antibiotic resistance in E. lactis. The fact that the lower number of ARGs present in E. lactis supports that it may be an alternative to E. faecalis for use in the food industry. Data generated in this work is of interest to the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingda Lu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Sameh Awad
- Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muying Du
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
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8
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Seo KW, Do KH, Shin MK, Lee WK, Lee WK. Comparative genetic characterization of CMY-2-type beta-lactamase producing pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from humans and pigs suffering from diarrhea in Korea. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:7. [PMID: 36658572 PMCID: PMC9854124 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic Escherichia coli are an important cause of bacterial infections in both humans and pigs and many of antimicrobials are used for the treatment of E. coli infection. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and relationship between humans and pigs regarding third-generation cephalosporin resistance and CMY-2-producing E. coli in Korea. RESULTS All 103 third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates showed multidrug resistance. Also, except for β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, all antimicrobials resistant rates were higher in pigs than in humans. A total of 36 isolates (humans: five isolates; pigs: 31 isolates) were positive for the CMY-2-encoding genes and thirty-two (88.9%) isolates detected class 1 integrons with 10 different gene cassette arrangements, and only 1 isolate detected a class 2 integron. The most common virulence genes in pigs were LT (71.0%), F18 (51.6%), and STb (51.6%), while stx2 (80.0%) was the most frequently detected gene in humans. Stx2 gene was also detected in pigs (6.5%). Interestingly, 36 CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates showed a high diversity of sequence types (ST), and ST88 was present in E. coli from both pigs (11 isolates) and humans (one isolate). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a critical need for comprehensive surveillance of third-generation cephalosporin resistance is necessary to preserve the usefulness of third-generation cephalosporins in both humans and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyo Do
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Tang B, Wang J, Zheng X, Chang J, Ma J, Wang J, Ji X, Yang H, Ding B. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance of Escherichia coli from chickens in the Qinghai Plateau of China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:885132. [PMID: 35935206 PMCID: PMC9354467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.885132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may lead to worldwide epidemics through human activities and natural transmission, posing a global public safety threat. Colistin resistance mediated by the mcr-1 gene is the most prevalent among animal-derived Escherichia coli, and mcr-1-carrying E. coli have been frequently detected in central-eastern China. However, animal-derived E. coli with AMR and the prevalence of mcr-1 in the Qinghai Plateau have been rarely investigated. Herein, 375 stool samples were collected from 13 poultry farms in Qinghai Province and 346 E. coli strains were isolated, of which eight carried mcr-1. The AMR rates of the E. coli strains to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and tetracycline were all above 90%, and the resistance rates to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur, and florfenicol were above 70%. Multidrug-resistant strains accounted for 95.66% of the total isolates. Twelve E. coli strains showed colistin resistance, from which a total of 46 AMR genes and 36 virulence factors were identified through whole-genome sequencing. The mcr-1 gene resided on the IncHI2, IncI2-type and IncY-type plasmids, and mcr-1 was located in the nikA-nikB-mcr-1-pap2 gene cassette (three strains) or the pap2-mcr-1-ISApl1 structure (one strain). Completed IncI2-type plasmid pMCR4D31–3 sequence (62,259 bp) revealed that it may cause the horizontal transmission of mcr-1 and may increase the risk of its spread through the food chain. Taken together, the AMR of chicken-derived E. coli in the plateau is of concern, suggesting that it is very necessary for us to strengthen the surveillance in various regions under the background of one health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Tang,
| | - Jingge Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Agriculture and Biology, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baoan Ding
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Baoan Ding,
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10
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: sheep and goats. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06956. [PMID: 34934457 PMCID: PMC8649876 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of sheep and goats have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play on antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (non-VTEC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Dichelobacter nodosus, Moraxella ovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Mycoplasma agalactiae, Trueperella pyogenes, Streptococcus uberis, Bibersteinia trehalosi, Campylobacter fetus, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, Fusobacterium necrophorum is provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified E. coli with ≥ 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in sheep and goat in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.
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11
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Desvaux M, Dalmasso G, Beyrouthy R, Barnich N, Delmas J, Bonnet R. Pathogenicity Factors of Genomic Islands in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2065. [PMID: 33101219 PMCID: PMC7545054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a versatile bacterial species that includes both harmless commensal strains and pathogenic strains found in the gastrointestinal tract in humans and warm-blooded animals. The growing amount of DNA sequence information generated in the era of "genomics" has helped to increase our understanding of the factors and mechanisms involved in the diversification of this bacterial species. The pathogenic side of E. coli that is afforded through horizontal transfers of genes encoding virulence factors enables this bacterium to become a highly diverse and adapted pathogen that is responsible for intestinal or extraintestinal diseases in humans and animals. Many of the accessory genes acquired by horizontal transfers form syntenic blocks and are recognized as genomic islands (GIs). These genomic regions contribute to the rapid evolution, diversification and adaptation of E. coli variants because they are frequently subject to rearrangements, excision and transfer, as well as to further acquisition of additional DNA. Here, we review a subgroup of GIs from E. coli termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs), a concept defined in the late 1980s by Jörg Hacker and colleagues in Werner Goebel's group at the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. As with other GIs, the PAIs comprise large genomic regions that differ from the rest of the genome by their G + C content, by their typical insertion within transfer RNA genes, and by their harboring of direct repeats (at their ends), integrase determinants, or other mobility loci. The hallmark of PAIs is their contribution to the emergence of virulent bacteria and to the development of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure and functional features of PAIs, on PAI-encoded E. coli pathogenicity factors and on the role of PAIs in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Dalmasso
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Racha Beyrouthy
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Abstract
Escherichia coli is a commensal of the vertebrate gut that is increasingly involved in various intestinal and extra-intestinal infections as an opportunistic pathogen. Numerous pathotypes that represent groups of strains with specific pathogenic characteristics have been described based on heterogeneous and complex criteria. The democratization of whole-genome sequencing has led to an accumulation of genomic data that render possible a population phylogenomic approach to the emergence of virulence. Few lineages are responsible for the pathologies compared with the diversity of commensal strains. These lineages emerged multiple times during E. coli evolution, mainly by acquiring virulence genes located on mobile elements, but in a specific chromosomal phylogenetic background. This repeated emergence of stable and cosmopolitan lineages argues for an optimization of strain fitness through epistatic interactions between the virulence determinants and the remaining genome.
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13
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Shen Y, Zhang R, Schwarz S, Wu C, Shen J, Walsh TR, Wang Y. Farm animals and aquaculture: significant reservoirs of mobile colistin resistance genes. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2469-2484. [PMID: 32114703 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colistin resistance has attracted substantial attention after colistin was considered as a last-resort drug for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant and/or multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in clinical settings. However, with the discovery of highly mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, colistin resistance has become an increasingly urgent issue worldwide. Despite many reviews, which summarized the prevalence, mechanisms, and structures of these genes in bacteria of human and animal origin, studies on the prevalence of mobile colistin resistance genes in aquaculture and their transmission between animals and humans remain scarce. Herein, we review recent reports on the prevalence of colistin resistance genes in animals, especially wildlife and aquaculture, and their possibility of transmission to humans via the food chain. This review also gives some insights into the routine surveillance, changing policy and replacement of polymyxins by polymyxin derivatives, molecular inhibitors, and traditional Chinese medicine to tackle colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Infection & Immunity, UHW Main Building, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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14
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Zhong Z, Kwok LY, Hou Q, Sun Y, Li W, Zhang H, Sun Z. Comparative genomic analysis revealed great plasticity and environmental adaptation of the genomes of Enterococcus faecium. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:602. [PMID: 31331270 PMCID: PMC6647102 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an important nosocomial pathogen, Enterococcus faecium has received increasing attention in recent years. However, a large number of studies have focused on the hospital-associated isolates and ignored isolates originated from the natural environments. Results In this study, comparative genomic analysis was conducted on 161 isolates originated from human, animal, and naturally fermented dairy products. The results showed that the environment played an important role in shaping the genomes of Enterococcus faecium. The isolates from human had the largest average genome size, while the isolates from dairy products had the smallest average genome size and fewest antibiotic resistance genes. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on the genomes of these isolates, which revealed new insights into the phylogenetic relationships among the dairy isolates and those from hospitals, communities, and animals. Furthermore, 202 environment-specific genes were identified, including 136 dairy-specific, 31 human blood-specific, and 35 human gastrointestinal-specific genes. Interestingly, five dairy-specific genes (namely lacF, lacA/B, lacD, lacG, and lacC) that constituted an integrated lactose metabolism pathway existed in almost all dairy isolates. The pathway conservation demonstrated an active role of the environment in shaping the genomes of Enterococcus faecium. Conclusions This study shows that the Enterococcus faecium species has great genomic plasticity and high versatility to occupy broad ecological roles, dwelling as non-harmful dairy and animal gut commensals as well as significant nosocomial pathogens that disseminate antibiotic resistance genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5975-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Yaru Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China. .,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, China.
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