1
|
Yang YH, Yan F, Yuan W, Shi PS, Wu SM, Cui DJ. High-altitude hypoxia promotes BRD4-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and disruption of intestinal barrier. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111187. [PMID: 38648894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia, commonly experienced at elevated altitudes, presents significant physiological challenges. Our investigation is centered on the impact of the bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4) under these conditions, especially its interaction with the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and resultant effects on glycolytic inflammation and intestinal barrier stability. By combining transcriptome sequencing with bioinformatics, we identified BRD4's key role in hypoxia-related intestinal anomalies. Clinical parameters of altitude sickness patients, including serum BRD4 levels, inflammatory markers, and barrier integrity metrics, were scrutinized. In vitro studies using CCD 841 CoN cells depicted expression changes in BRD4, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and β-Catenin. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FD4 analyses assessed barrier resilience. Hypoxia-induced mouse models, analyzed via H&E staining and Western blot, provided insights into barrier and protein alterations. Under hypoxic conditions, marked BRD4 expression variations emerged. Elevated serum BRD4 in patients coincided with intensified Wnt signaling, inflammation, and barrier deterioration. In vitro, findings showed hypoxia-induced upregulation of BRD4 and inflammatory markers but a decline in Occludin and ZO1, affecting barrier strength-effects mitigated by BRD4 inhibition. Mouse models echoed these patterns, linking BRD4 upregulation in hypoxia to barrier perturbations. Hypobaric hypoxia-induced BRD4 upregulation disrupts the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling, sparking glycolysis-fueled inflammation and weakening intestinal tight junctions and barrier degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Han Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Wenqiang Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Peng-Shuang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Shi-Min Wu
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - De-Jun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Qin Y, Zhang Y. circRNA-PTPN4 mediated regulation of FOXO3 and ZO-1 expression: implications for blood-brain barrier integrity and cognitive function in uremic encephalopathy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:22. [PMID: 38630149 PMCID: PMC11024022 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Uremic encephalopathy (UE) poses a significant challenge in neurology, leading to the need to investigate the involvement of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in its development. This study employed ncRNA-seq and RNA-seq approaches to identify fundamental ncRNAs, specifically circRNA and miRNA, in the pathogenesis of UE using a mouse model. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to explore the circRNA-PTPN4/miR-301a-3p/FOXO3 axis and its effects on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and cognitive abilities. The research revealed that circRNA-PTPN4 binds to and inhibits miR-301a-3p, leading to an increase in FOXO3 expression. This upregulation results in alterations in the transcriptional regulation of ZO-1, affecting the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). The axis also influences the growth, proliferation, and migration of HBMECs. Mice with UE exhibited cognitive deficits, which were reversed by overexpression of circRNA-PTPN4, whereas silencing FOXO3 exacerbated these deficits. Furthermore, the uremic mice showed neuronal loss, inflammation, and dysfunction in the BBB, with the expression of circRNA-PTPN4 demonstrating therapeutic effects. In conclusion, circRNA-PTPN4 plays a role in promoting FOXO3 expression by sequestering miR-301a-3p, ultimately leading to the upregulation of ZO-1 expression and restoration of BBB function in mice with UE. This process contributes to the restoration of cognitive abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of the Northern Theatre, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Qin
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of the Northern Theatre, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of the Northern Theatre, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rudhra O, Gnanam H, Sivaperumal S, Namperumalsamy V, Prajna L, Kuppamuthu D. Melanin depletion affects Aspergillus flavus conidial surface proteins, architecture, and virulence. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:291. [PMID: 38592509 PMCID: PMC11004046 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Melanin is an Aspergillus flavus cell wall component that provides chemical and physical protection to the organism. However, the molecular and biological mechanisms modulating melanin-mediated host-pathogen interaction in A. flavus keratitis are not well understood. This work aimed to compare the morphology, surface proteome profile, and virulence of melanized conidia (MC) and non-melanized conidia (NMC) of A. flavus. Kojic acid treatment inhibited melanin synthesis in A. flavus, and the conidial surface protein profile was significantly different in kojic acid-treated non-melanized conidia. Several cell wall-associated proteins and proteins responsible for oxidative stress, carbohydrate, and chitin metabolic pathways were found only in the formic acid extracts of NMC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the conidial surface morphology difference between the NMC and MC, indicating the role of melanin in the structural integrity of the conidial cell wall. The levels of calcofluor white staining efficiency were different, but there was no microscopic morphology difference in lactophenol cotton blue staining between MC and NMC. Evaluation of the virulence of MC and NMC in the Galleria mellonella model showed NMC was less virulent compared to MC. Our findings showed that the integrity of the conidial surface is controlled by the melanin layer. The alteration in the surface protein profile indicated that many surface proteins are masked by the melanin layer, and hence, melanin can modulate the host response by preventing the exposure of fungal proteins to the host immune defense system. The G. mellonella virulence assay also confirmed that the NMC were susceptible to host defense as in other Aspergillus pathogens. KEY POINTS: • l-DOPA melanin production was inhibited in A. flavus isolates by kojic acid, and for the first time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed morphological differences between MC and NMC of A. flavus strains • Proteome profile of non-melanized conidia showed more conidial surface proteins and these proteins were mainly involved in the virulence, oxidative stress, and metabolism pathways • Non-melanized conidia of A. flavus strains were shown to be less virulent than melanised conidia in an in vivo virulence experiment with the G. melonella model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondippili Rudhra
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hariharan Gnanam
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Lalitha Prajna
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu J, Wang H, Wang N, Wang Z, Zhu Q. TIE2 expression in hypertensive ICH and its therapeutic modulation with AKB-9778: Implications for brain vascular health. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114685. [PMID: 38195021 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating condition, the molecular underpinnings of which remain not fully understood. By leveraging high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and network pharmacology analysis, this study unveils the significant role of the tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 2 (TIE2) in ICH pathogenesis. Compared to controls, a conspicuous downregulation of TIE2 was observed in the cerebral blood vessels of hypertensive ICH mice. In vitro assays with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), HBEC-5i revealed that modulation of TIE2 expression significantly influences cellular proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, mediated via the Rap1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Notably, the small molecule AKB-9778 was identified to target and activate TIE2, affecting the functional attributes of HBEC-5i. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that combining AKB-9778 with antihypertensive drugs could mitigate the incidence and volume of bleeding in hypertensive ICH mouse models, suggesting potential therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Naizhu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Zai Wang
- Science and Education Division, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdalkader RK, Fujita T. Corneal epithelium models for safety assessment in drug development: Present and future directions. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109697. [PMID: 37890755 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The human corneal epithelial barrier plays a crucial role in drug testing studies, including drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), as well as toxicity testing during the preclinical stages of drug development. However, despite the valuable insights gained from animal and current in vitro models, there remains a significant discrepancy between preclinical drug predictions and actual clinical outcomes. Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on adhering to the 3R principles (refine, reduce, replace) to minimize the use of animals in testing. To tackle these challenges, there is a rising demand for alternative in vitro models that closely mimic the human corneal epithelium. Recently, remarkable advancements have been made in two key areas: microphysiological systems (MPS) or organs-on-chips (OoCs), and stem cell-derived organoids. These cutting-edge platforms integrate four major disciplines: stem cells, microfluidics, bioprinting, and biosensing technologies. This integration holds great promise in developing powerful and biomimetic models of the human cornea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodi Kado Abdalkader
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization (R-GIRO), Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization (R-GIRO), Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghosh S, Humera Khathun AH, Athulya GS, Vignesh P, Mathan L, Mudaraddi N, Narendran S, Lalitha P, Venkatesh Prajna N. Host cell-type and pathogen-specific immunomodulatory functions of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in infectious keratitis. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109669. [PMID: 37774962 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic management of inflammation in infectious keratitis (IK) requires new strategy and targets for selective immunomodulation. Targeting host cell-type specific inflammatory responses might be a viable strategy to curtail unnecessary inflammation and reduce tissue damage without affecting pathogen clearance. This study explores the possibility of pathogen and host cell-type dependent differences in the inflammatory pathways relevant in the pathogenesis of IK. Human corneal epithelial cell line (HCEC) and phorbol 12-myristate-13 acetate (PMA) differentiated THP-1 macrophage line were infected with either Aspergillus flavus conidia or Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and the elicited inflammatory responses were studied in terms of gene expression and secretion of proinflammatory factors interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and an upstream inflammatory regulator and mediator protein-the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF). Given the pleotropic mode of MIF function in diverse cell types relevant in many human diseases, we tested if MIF driven responses to infection is different in HCECs and THP-1 macrophages by studying its expression, secretion and involvement in inflammation by siRNA mediated knockdown. We also examined IK patient tear samples for MIF levels. Infection with A. flavus or A. castellanii induced IL-8 and TNF-α responses in HCECs and THP-1 macrophages but to different levels. Our preliminary human data showed that the level of secreted MIF protein was elevated in IK patient tear, however, MIF secretion by the two cell types were strikingly different in-vitro, under both normal and infected conditions. We found that HCECs released MIF constitutively, which was significantly inhibited with infection, whereas THP-1 macrophages were stimulated to release MIF during infection. MIF gene expression remained largely unaffected by infection in both the cell lines. Although MIF in HCECs appeared to be intracellularly captured during infection, MIF knockdown in HCECs associated with a partial reduction of the IL-8 and TNF-α expression produced by either of the pathogens, suggesting a pro-inflammatory role for MIF in HCECs, independent of its canonical cytokine like function. In contrast, MIF knockdown in THP-1 macrophages accompanied a dramatic increase in IL-8 and TNF-α expression during A. castellanii infection, while the responses to A. flavus infection remained unchanged. These data imply a host cell-type and pathogen specific distinction in the MIF- related inflammatory signaling and MIF as a potential selective immunomodulatory target in infectious keratitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India.
| | - A H Humera Khathun
- Department of Microbiology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
| | - G S Athulya
- Department of Microbiology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
| | - P Vignesh
- Department of Microbiology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
| | - L Mathan
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
| | - Ninad Mudaraddi
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
| | - Siddharth Narendran
- Department of Microbiology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India; Aravind Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, India
| | - Prajna Lalitha
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
| | - N Venkatesh Prajna
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pan X, Hao L, Yang C, Lin H, Wu D, Chen X, Zhang M, Ma D, Wang Y, Fu W, Yao Y, Wang S, Zhuang Z. SWD1 epigenetically chords fungal morphogenesis, aflatoxin biosynthesis, metabolism, and virulence of Aspergillus flavus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131542. [PMID: 37172387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As the main producer of aflatoxins, Aspergillus flavus is also one of the most important causes of invasive and non-invasive aspergillosis. Therefore, it is crucial to unravel the regulatory mechanisms of growth, metabolism, and pathogenicity of A. flavus. SWD1 is highly conserved across species for maintaining COMPASS methyltransferase activity, but the bio-function of SWD1 in A. flavus has not been explored. Through genetic analysis, this study revealed that SWD1 is involved in fungal morphogenesis and AFB1 biosynthesis by regulating the orthodox pathways through H3K4me1-3. Stresses sensitivity and crop models analysis revealed that SWD1 is a key regulator for the resistance of A. flavus to adapt to extreme adverse environments and to colonize crop kernels. It also revealed that the WD40 domain and 25 aa highly conserved sequence are indispensable for SWD1 in the regulation of mycotoxin bio-synthesis and fungal virulence. Metabolomic analysis inferred that SWD1 is crucial for the biosynthesis of numerous primary and secondary metabolites, regulates biological functions by reshaping the whole metabolic process, and may inhibit fungal virulence by inducing the apoptosis of mycelia through the inducer sphingosine. This study elucidates the epigenetic mechanism of SWD1 in regulating fungal pathogenicity and mycotoxin biosynthesis, and provides a potential novel target for controlling the virulence of A. flavus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Propagated Sensation along Meridian, Fujian Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Ling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wangzhuo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanfang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhenhong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu Y, Li K, Xue R, Liu S, Liu X, Wu K. A20 functions as a negative regulator of the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109392. [PMID: 36717050 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A20, also called TNFAIP3, is a crucial regulator of inflammation in various diseases but has not evidenced its function in the cornea. We aimed to evaluate the existence and the functions of A20 in human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells. After being treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in different concentrations or at separate times, cells were collected to analyze A20 expressions. We then constructed the A20 knockdown system by siRNA and the A20 overexpressing system by lentivirus transduction. Systems were further exposed to medium with or without LPS for indicated times. Next, we evaluated the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Also, the translocation of P65 and the phosphorylation of P65, P38 and JNK were observed in two systems. In addition, we used the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) antagonist TPCA-1 for the pretreatment in cells and then detected the A20 expressions. We found a low basal expression of A20 in HCE-T cells, and the expressions could be dose-dependently induced by LPS, peaking at 4 h in protein level after stimulation. Both the A20 knockdown and A20 overexpressing systems were confirmed to be effective. After the LPS treatment, productions of IL-6 and IL-8 were enhanced in the A20 knockdown system and reduced in the A20 overexpressing system. A20 reduced the translocation of P65 into the nucleus and the phosphorylation of P65, P38 and JNK. Furthermore, TPCA-1 pretreatment reduced the expression of A20 in cells. We concluded that A20 is a potent regulator for corneal epithelium's reaction to inflammation, and it thus is expected to be a potential therapy target for ocular surface diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kunke Li
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Sihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kaili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Teufel M, Sobetzko P. Reducing costs for DNA and RNA sequencing by sample pooling using a metagenomic approach. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:613. [PMID: 35999507 PMCID: PMC9400246 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA and RNA sequencing are widely used techniques to investigate genomic modifications and gene expression. The costs for sequencing dropped dramatically in the last decade. However, due to material and labor intense steps, the sample preparation costs could not keep up with that pace. About 80% of the total costs occur prior to sequencing during DNA/RNA extraction, enrichment steps and subsequent library preparation. In this study, we investigate the potential of pooling different organisms samples prior to DNA/RNA extraction to significantly reduce costs in preparative steps. Similar to the common procedure of ligated DNA tags to pool (c)DNA samples, sequence diversity of different organisms intrinsically provide unique sequences that allow separation of reads after sequencing. With this approach, sample pooling can occur before DNA/RNA isolation and library preparation. We show that pooled sequencing of three related bacterial organisms is possible without loss of data quality at a cost reduction of approx. 50% in DNA- and RNA-seq approaches. Furthermore, we show that this approach is highly efficient down to the level of a shared genus and is, therefore, widely applicable in sequencing facilities and companies with diverse sample pools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Teufel
- Philipps Universität Marburg, Synthetic Microbiology Center Marburg (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Patrick Sobetzko
- Philipps Universität Marburg, Synthetic Microbiology Center Marburg (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, 35043, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|