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Wang P, Wang Z, Cao H, He J, Qin C, He L, Liu B, Wang J, Kong L, Ren W, Liu X, Ma W. Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the GRF transcription factor family in Astragalus mongholicus. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:618. [PMID: 38705956 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus is a plant of the Astragalus genus, which is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with extremely high medicinal and edible value. Astragalus mongholicus, as one of the representative medicinal materials with the same origin of medicine and food, has a rising market demand for its raw materials, but the quality is different in different production areas. Growth-regulating factors (GRF) are transcription factors unique to plants that play important roles in plant growth and development. Up to now, there is no report about GRF in A. mongholicus. METHODS AND RESULTS This study conducted a genome-wide analysis of the AmGRF gene family, identifying a total of nine AmGRF genes that were classified into subfamily V based on phylogenetic relationships. In the promoter region of the AmGRF gene, we successfully predicted cis-elements that respond to abiotic stress, growth, development, and hormone production in plants. Based on transcriptomic data and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation, the results showed that AmGRFs were expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves, with overall higher expression in leaves, higher expression of AmGRF1 and AmGRF8 in roots, and high expression levels of AmGRF1 and AmGRF9 in stems. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the further exploration of the functions of AmGRFs in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huiyan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiajun He
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chen Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lianqing He
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Library, Harbin Cambridge University, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Jiamei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
- Equipment department, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, 150040, China
| | - Lingyang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xiubo Liu
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, 154007, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Wang R, Zhu Y, Zhao D. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Growth-Regulating Factors in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (Du-Zhong). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1185. [PMID: 38732399 PMCID: PMC11085888 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides contain a large amount of trans-polyisoprene (also known as Eu-rubber), which is considered to be an important laticiferous plant with valuable industrial applications. Eu-rubber used in industry is mainly extracted from leaves. Therefore, it is of great significance to identify genes related to regulating the leaf size of E. ulmoides. Plant growth-regulating factors (GRFs) play important roles in regulating leaf size, and their functions are highly conserved across different plant species. However, there have been very limited reports on EuGRFs until now. In this study, eight canonical EuGRFs with both QLQ and WRC domains and two putative eul-miR396s were identified in the chromosome-level genome of E. ulmoides. It is found that, unlike AtGRFs, all EuGRFs contain the miR396s binding site in the terminal of WRC domains. These EuGRFs were distributed on six chromosomes in the genome of E. ulmoides. Collinearity analysis of the E. ulmoides genome revealed that EuGRF1 and EuGRF3 exhibit collinear relationships with EuGRF2, suggesting that those three genes may have emerged via gene replication events. The collinear relationship between EuGRFs, AtGRFs, and OsGRFs showed that EuGRF5 and EuGRF8 had no collinear members in Arabidopsis and rice. Almost all EuGRFs show a higher expression level in growing and developing tissues, and most EuGRF promoters process phytohormone-response and stress-induced cis-elements. Moreover, we found the expression of EuGRFs was significantly induced by gibberellins (GA3) in three hours, and the height of E. ulmoides seedlings was significantly increased one week after GA3 treatment. The findings in this study provide potential candidate genes for further research and lay the foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism underlying E. ulmoides development in response to GA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoruo Wang
- Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang 550006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Fu MK, He YN, Yang XY, Tang X, Wang M, Dai WS. Genome-wide identification of the GRF family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and functional analysis of the CsGRF04 in response to multiple abiotic stresses. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:37. [PMID: 38184538 PMCID: PMC10770916 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus is one of the most valuable fruits worldwide and an economic pillar industry in southern China. Nevertheless, it frequently suffers from undesirable environmental stresses during the growth cycle, which severely restricts the growth, development and yield of citrus. In plants, the growth-regulating factor (GRF) family of transcription factors (TF) is extensively distributed and plays an vital part in plant growth and development, hormone response, as well as stress adaptation. However, the systematic identification and functional analysis of GRF TFs in citrus have not been reported. RESULTS Here, a genome-wide identification of GRF TFs was performed in Citrus sinensis, 9 members of CsGRFs were systematically identified and discovered to be scattered throughout 5 chromosomes. Subsequently, physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, structural characteristics, gene duplication events, collinearity and cis-elements of promoter were elaborately analyzed. In particular, the expression patterns of the CsGRF genes in response to multiple phytohormone and abiotic stress treatments were investigated. Predicated on this result, CsGRF04, which exhibited the most differential expression pattern under multiple phytohormone and abiotic stress treatments was screened out. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was utilized to obtain gene silenced plants for CsGRF04 successfully. After the three stress treatments of high salinity, low temperature and drought, the CsGRF04-VIGS lines showed significantly reduced resistance to high salinity and low temperature stresses, but extremely increased resistance to drought stress. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings systematically analyzed the genomic characterization of GRF family in Citrus sinensis, and excavated a CsGRF04 with potential functions under multiple abiotic stresses. Our study lay a foundation for further study on the function of CsGRFs in abiotic stress and hormone signaling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kang Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying-Na He
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xi Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Shan Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Kishore Sahoo R, Jeughale KP, Sarkar S, Selvaraj S, Singh NR, Swain N, Balasubramaniasai C, Chidambaranathan P, Katara JL, Nayak AK, Samantaray S. Growing Conditions and Varietal Ecologies Differently Regulates the Growth-regulating-factor (GRFs) Gene Family in Rice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:e3697. [PMID: 38827337 PMCID: PMC11139448 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2024.394984.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are crucial in rice for controlling plant growth and development. Among the rice cultivation practices, aerobic methods are water efficient but result in significant yield reduction relative to non-aerobic cultivation. Therefore, mechanistic insights into aerobic rice cultivation are important for improving the aerobic performance of rice. Objectives This study aimed to examine the evolution of GRFs in different rice species, analyse the phenotypic differences between aerobic and non-aerobic conditions in three rice varieties, and assess the expression of GRFs in these varieties under both aerobic and non-aerobic conditions. Materials and Methods This study comprehensively examined the GRFs gene family in 11 rice species (Oryza barthii, Oryza brachyantha, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza glumipatula, Oryza sativa subsp. indica, Oryza longistaminata, Oryza meridionalis, Oryza nivara, Oryza punctata, Oryza rufipogon, Oryza sativa subsp. japonica) focusing on phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, the expression patterns of 12 GRFs were investigated in three distinct genotypes of O. sativa subsp. indica rice, under both non-aerobic and aerobic conditions. Results Three major phylogenetic clades were formed based on conserved motifs in the 123 GRFs proteins in eleven rice species. Further, novel motifs were identified especially in O. longistaminata indicative of the species level evolutionary differences in rice. Among the trait performance, the number of tillers was reduced by ~ 36% under aerobic conditions, but the reduction was found to be less in CR Dhan 201, an aerobic variety. Besides, three GRFs namely GRF3, GRF4, and GRF7 were found to be distinct in expression between aerobic and non-aerobic conditions. Conclusion Three GRF genes namely GRF3, GRF4, and GRF7 could be associated with the aerobic adaptation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kishore Sahoo
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
- Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Suman Sarkar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | | | - Nibedita Swain
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | | | - Jawahar Lal Katara
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Nayak
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
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Lu J, Wang Z, Li J, Zhao Q, Qi F, Wang F, Xiaoyang C, Tan G, Wu H, Deyholos MK, Wang N, Liu Y, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Analysis of Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Growth-Regulating Factor (GRF) Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17107. [PMID: 38069430 PMCID: PMC10707037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flax is an important cash crop globally with a variety of commercial uses. It has been widely used for fiber, oil, nutrition, feed and in composite materials. Growth regulatory factor (GRF) is a transcription factor family unique to plants, and is involved in regulating many processes of growth and development. Bioinformatics analysis of the GRF family in flax predicted 17 LuGRF genes, which all contained the characteristic QLQ and WRC domains. Equally, 15 of 17 LuGRFs (88%) are predicted to be regulated by lus-miR396 miRNA. Phylogenetic analysis of GRFs from flax and several other well-characterized species defined five clades; LuGRF genes were found in four clades. Most LuGRF gene promoters contained cis-regulatory elements known to be responsive to hormones and stress. The chromosomal locations and collinearity of LuGRF genes were also analyzed. The three-dimensional structure of LuGRF proteins was predicted using homology modeling. The transcript expression data indicated that most LuGRF family members were highly expressed in flax fruit and embryos, whereas LuGRF3, LuGRF12 and LuGRF16 were enriched in response to salt stress. Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that both LuGRF1 and LuGRF11 were up-regulated under ABA and MeJA stimuli, indicating that these genes were involved in defense. LuGRF1 was demonstrated to be localized to the nucleus as expected for a transcription factor. These results provide a basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of LuGRF gene function and obtaining improved flax breeding lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Lu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Jinxi Li
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Qian Zhao
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Fan Qi
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Fu Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Chunxiao Xiaoyang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Guofei Tan
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Hanlu Wu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Michael K. Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V5K1K5, Canada;
| | - Ningning Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (F.Q.); (F.W.); (C.X.); (G.T.); wuhan (H.W.); (N.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V5K1K5, Canada;
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