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Hu Z, Chen M, Zhu K, Liu Y, Wen H, Kong J, Chen M, Cao L, Ye J, Zhang H, Deng X, Chen J, Xu J. Multiomics integrated with sensory evaluations to identify characteristic aromas and key genes in a novel brown navel orange (Citrus sinensis). Food Chem 2024; 444:138613. [PMID: 38325085 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
'Zong Cheng' navel orange (ZC) is a brown mutant of Lane Late navel orange (LL) and emits a more pleasant odor than that of LL. However, the key volatile compound of this aroma and underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, sensory evaluations and volatile profiling were performed throughout fruit development to identify significant differences in sensory perception and metabolites between LL and ZC. It revealed that the sesquiterpene content varied significantly between ZC and LL. Based on aroma extract dilution and gas chromatography-olfactometry analyses, the volatile compound leading to the background aroma of LL and ZC is d-limonene, the orange note in LL was mainly attributed to octanal, whilst valencene, β-myrcene, and (E)-β-ocimene presented balsamic, sweet, and herb notes in ZC. Furthermore, Cs5g12900 and six potential transcription factors were identified as responsible for valencene accumulation in ZC, which is important for enhancing the aroma of ZC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehui Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Mengjun Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Kaijie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Huan Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Jiatao Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Minghua Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Lixin Cao
- Citrus Variety Propagation Centre in Zigui County, Yichang 443600, PR China.
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Jiajing Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Juan Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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2
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Liu C, Chang X, Li F, Yan Y, Zuo X, Huang G, Li R. Transcriptome analysis of Citrus sinensis reveals potential responsive events triggered by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Protoplasma 2024; 261:499-512. [PMID: 38092896 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), is a devastating immune-mediated disorder that has a detrimental effect on the citrus industry, with the distinguishing feature being an eruption of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study explored the alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity, transcriptome, and RNA editing events of organelles in C. sinensis during CLas infection. Results indicated that there were fluctuations in the performance of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in plants affected by HLB. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3604 genes with altered expression patterns between CLas-infected and healthy samples, including those associated with photosynthesis, biotic interactions, and phytohormones. Samples infected with CLas showed a decrease in the expression of most genes associated with photosynthesis and gibberellin metabolism. It was discovered that RNA editing frequency and the expression level of various genes in the chloroplast and mitochondrion genomes were affected by CLas infection. Our findings provide insights into the inhibition of photosynthesis, gibberellin metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes during CLas infection in C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yana Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiru Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guiyan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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3
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Li Q, Xian B, Yu Q, Jia R, Zhang C, Zhong X, Zhang M, Fu Y, Liu Y, He H, Li M, Chen S, He Y. The CsAP2-09-CsWRKY25-CsRBOH2 cascade confers resistance against citrus bacterial canker by regulating ROS homeostasis. Plant J 2024; 118:534-548. [PMID: 38230828 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) is a serious bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) that adversely impacts the global citrus industry. In a previous study, we demonstrated that overexpression of an Xcc-inducible apetala 2/ethylene response factor encoded by Citrus sinensis, CsAP2-09, enhances CBC resistance. The mechanism responsible for this effect, however, is not known. In the present study, we showed that CsAP2-09 targeted the promoter of the Xcc-inducible WRKY transcription factor coding gene CsWRKY25 directly, activating its transcription. CsWRKY25 was found to localize to the nucleus and to activate transcriptional activity. Plants overexpressing CsWRKY25 were more resistant to CBC and showed higher expression of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) CsRBOH2, in addition to exhibiting increased RBOH activity. Transient overexpression assays in citrus confirmed that CsWRKY25 and CsRBOH2 participated in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, which were able to restore the ROS degradation caused by CsAP2-09 knockdown. Moreover, CsWRKY25 was found to bind directly to W-box elements within the CsRBOH2 promoter. Notably, CsRBOH2 knockdown had been reported previously to reduce the CBC resistance, while demonstrated in this study, CsRBOH2 transient overexpression can enhance the CBC resistance. Overall, our results outline a pathway through which CsAP2-09-CsWRKY25 transcriptionally reprograms CsRBOH2-mediated ROS homeostasis in a manner conducive to CBC resistance. These data offer new insight into the mechanisms and regulatory pathways through which CsAP2-09 regulates CBC resistance, highlighting its potential utility as a target for the breeding of CBC-resistant citrus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Improvement Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Baohang Xian
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Qiyuan Yu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Ruirui Jia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Improvement Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Yongyao Fu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Houzheng He
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Man Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Shanchun Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Improvement Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Yongrui He
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Improvement Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
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4
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Fan Z, Jeffries KA, Sun X, Olmedo G, Zhao W, Mattia MR, Stover E, Manthey JA, Baldwin EA, Lee S, Gmitter FG, Plotto A, Bai J. Chemical and genetic basis of orange flavor. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk2051. [PMID: 38416837 PMCID: PMC10901466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) exhibits limited genetic diversity and high susceptibility to Huanglongbing (HLB). Breeding HLB-tolerant orange-like hybrids is in dire need. However, our understanding of the key compounds responsible for orange flavor and their genetic regulation remains elusive. Evaluating 179 juice samples, including oranges, mandarins, Poncirus trifoliata, and hybrids, distinct volatile compositions were found. A random forest model predicted untrained samples with 78% accuracy and identified 26 compounds crucial for orange flavor. Notably, seven esters differentiated orange from mandarin flavor. Cluster analysis showed six esters with shared genetic control. Differential gene expression analysis identified C. sinensis alcohol acyltransferase 1 (CsAAT1) responsible for ester production in orange. Its activity was validated through overexpression assays. Phylogeny revealed the functional allele was inherited from pummelo. A SNP-based DNA marker in the coding region accurately predicted phenotypes. This study enhances our understanding of orange flavor compounds and their biosynthetic pathways and expands breeding options for orange-like cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | | | - Xiuxiu Sun
- Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Gabriela Olmedo
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Matthew R. Mattia
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Ed Stover
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - John A. Manthey
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | | | - Seonghee Lee
- Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Anne Plotto
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Jinhe Bai
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
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5
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Yang X, Zhang M, Xi D, Yin T, Zhu L, Yang X, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the MADS gene family in sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis) infested with pathogenic bacteria. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17001. [PMID: 38436028 PMCID: PMC10909352 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of pathogenic bacterial invasion in plantations has increased dramatically due to high environmental climate change and has seriously affected sweet orange fruit quality. MADS genes allow plants to develop increased resistance, but functional genes for resistance associated with pathogen invasion have rarely been reported. MADS gene expression profiles were analyzed in sweet orange leaves and fruits infested with Lecanicillium psalliotae and Penicillium digitatum, respectively. Eighty-two MADS genes were identified from the sweet orange genome, and they were classified into five prime subfamilies concerning the Arabidopsis MADS gene family, of which the MIKC subfamily could be subdivided into 13 minor subfamilies. Protein structure analysis showed that more than 93% of the MADS protein sequences of the same subfamily between sweet orange and Arabidopsis were very similar in tertiary structure, with only CsMADS8 and AG showing significant differences. The variability of MADS genes protein structures between sweet orange and Arabidopsis subgroups was less than the variabilities of protein structures within species. Chromosomal localization and covariance analysis showed that these genes were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes, with the most genes on chromosome 9 and the least on chromosome 2, with 36 and two, respectively. Four pairs of tandem and 28 fragmented duplicated genes in the 82 MADS gene sequences were found in sweet oranges. GO (Gene Ontology) functional enrichment and expression pattern analysis showed that the functional gene CsMADS46 was strongly downregulated of sweet orange in response to biotic stress adversity. It is also the first report that plants' MADS genes are involved in the biotic stress responses of sweet oranges. For the first time, L. psalliotae was experimentally confirmed to be the causal agent of sweet orange leaf spot disease, which provides a reference for the research and control of pathogenic L. psalliotae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyao Yang
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Dengxian Xi
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Tuo Yin
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiujia Yang
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xianyan Zhou
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops, Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ruili, China
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Kaur H, Manchanda P, Sidhu GS, Chhuneja P. Genome-wide identification and characterization of flowering genes in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck: a comparison among C. Medica L., C. Reticulata Blanco, C. Grandis (L.) Osbeck and C. Clementina. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:20. [PMID: 38378481 PMCID: PMC10880302 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering plays an important role in completing the reproductive cycle of plants and obtaining next generation of plants. In case of citrus, it may take more than a year to achieve progeny. Therefore, in order to fasten the breeding processes, the juvenility period needs to be reduced. The juvenility in plants is regulated by set of various flowering genes. The citrus fruit and leaves possess various medicinal properties and are subjected to intensive breeding programs to produce hybrids with improved quality traits. In order to break juvenility in Citrus, it is important to study the role of flowering genes. The present study involved identification of genes regulating flowering in Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck via homology based approach. The structural and functional characterization of these genes would help in targeting genome editing techniques to induce mutations in these genes for producing desirable results. RESULTS A total of 43 genes were identified which were located on all the 9 chromosomes of citrus. The in-silico analysis was performed to determine the genetic structure, conserved motifs, cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and phylogenetic relationship of the genes. A total of 10 CREs responsible for flowering were detected in 33 genes and 8 conserved motifs were identified in all the genes. The protein structure, protein-protein interaction network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was performed to study the functioning of these genes which revealed the involvement of flowering proteins in circadian rhythm pathways. The gene ontology (GO) and gene function analysis was performed to functionally annotate the genes. The structure of the genes and proteins were also compared among other Citrus species to study the evolutionary relationship among them. The expression study revealed the expression of flowering genes in floral buds and ovaries. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the flowering genes were highly expressed in bud stage, fully grown flower and early stage of fruit development. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that the flowering genes were highly conserved in citrus species. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed the tissue specific expression of flowering genes (CsFT, CsCO, CsSOC, CsAP, CsSEP and CsLFY) which would help in easy detection and targeting of genes through various forward and reverse genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Manchanda
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India.
| | - Gurupkar S Sidhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
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7
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Xiong Z, Yin H, Wang N, Han G, Gao Y. Chromosome-level genome assembly of navel orange cv. Gannanzao (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Gannanzao). G3 (Bethesda) 2024; 14:jkad268. [PMID: 38001056 PMCID: PMC10849316 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Navel orange cv. Gannanzao is a variant of the navel orange cv. Newhall (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) that exhibits an earlier maturation, making it commercially valuable. However, the mechanisms underlying its early maturation remain obscure. To address this question, we conducted genome sequencing and de novo assembly of navel orange cv. Gannanzao. The assembled genome sequence is 334.57 Mb in length with a GC content of 31.48%. It comprises 318 contigs (N50 = 3.23 Mb) and 187 scaffolds (N50 = 31.86 Mb). The Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs test demonstrates 94.6% completeness. The annotation revealed 23,037 gene models, 164.95 Mb of repetitive sequences, and 2,554 noncoding RNAs. A comparative analysis identified 323 fruit ripening-related genes in navel orange cv. Gannanzao genome, while navel orange cv. Newhall genome contained 345 such genes. These genes were organized into 320 orthologous gene families, with 30.3% of them exhibiting differences in gene copy numbers between the 2 genomes. Additionally, we identified 15 fruit ripening-related genes that have undergone adaptive evolution, suggesting their potential role in advancing fruit maturation in navel orange cv. Gannanzao. Whole-genome sequencing and annotation of navel orange cv. Gannanzao provides a valuable resource to unravel the early maturation mechanism of citrus and enriches the genomic resources for citrus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xiong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Hui Yin
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Guanzhu Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
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8
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Liu Y, Ye J, Zhu M, Atkinson RG, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Lu J, Cao Z, Peng J, Shi C, Xie Z, Larkin RM, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Chen C, Wang R, Luo X, Cheng Y, Deng X, Zeng Y. Multi-omics analyses reveal the importance of chromoplast plastoglobules in carotenoid accumulation in citrus fruit. Plant J 2024; 117:924-943. [PMID: 37902994 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromoplasts act as a metabolic sink for carotenoids, in which plastoglobules serve as versatile lipoprotein particles. PGs in chloroplasts have been characterized. However, the features of PGs from non-photosynthetic plastids are poorly understood. We found that the development of chromoplast plastoglobules (CPGs) in globular and crystalloid chromoplasts of citrus is associated with alterations in carotenoid storage. Using Nycodenz density gradient ultracentrifugation, an efficient protocol for isolating highly purified CPGs from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) pulp was established. Forty-four proteins were defined as likely comprise the core proteome of CPGs using comparative proteomics analysis. Lipidome analysis of different chromoplast microcompartments revealed that the nonpolar microenvironment within CPGs was modified by 35 triacylglycerides, two sitosterol esters, and one stigmasterol ester. Manipulation of the CPG-localized gene CsELT1 (esterase/lipase/thioesterase) in citrus calli resulted in increased lipids and carotenoids, which is further evidence that the nonpolar microenvironment of CPGs contributes to carotenoid accumulation and storage in the chromoplasts. This multi-feature analysis of CPGs sheds new light on the role of chromoplasts in carotenoid metabolism, paving the way for manipulating carotenoid content in citrus fruit and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Niels J Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles Ampomah-Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chuanwu Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Citrus Breeding and Culture, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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9
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Fu MK, He YN, Yang XY, Tang X, Wang M, Dai WS. Genome-wide identification of the GRF family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and functional analysis of the CsGRF04 in response to multiple abiotic stresses. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:37. [PMID: 38184538 PMCID: PMC10770916 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus is one of the most valuable fruits worldwide and an economic pillar industry in southern China. Nevertheless, it frequently suffers from undesirable environmental stresses during the growth cycle, which severely restricts the growth, development and yield of citrus. In plants, the growth-regulating factor (GRF) family of transcription factors (TF) is extensively distributed and plays an vital part in plant growth and development, hormone response, as well as stress adaptation. However, the systematic identification and functional analysis of GRF TFs in citrus have not been reported. RESULTS Here, a genome-wide identification of GRF TFs was performed in Citrus sinensis, 9 members of CsGRFs were systematically identified and discovered to be scattered throughout 5 chromosomes. Subsequently, physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, structural characteristics, gene duplication events, collinearity and cis-elements of promoter were elaborately analyzed. In particular, the expression patterns of the CsGRF genes in response to multiple phytohormone and abiotic stress treatments were investigated. Predicated on this result, CsGRF04, which exhibited the most differential expression pattern under multiple phytohormone and abiotic stress treatments was screened out. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was utilized to obtain gene silenced plants for CsGRF04 successfully. After the three stress treatments of high salinity, low temperature and drought, the CsGRF04-VIGS lines showed significantly reduced resistance to high salinity and low temperature stresses, but extremely increased resistance to drought stress. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings systematically analyzed the genomic characterization of GRF family in Citrus sinensis, and excavated a CsGRF04 with potential functions under multiple abiotic stresses. Our study lay a foundation for further study on the function of CsGRFs in abiotic stress and hormone signaling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kang Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying-Na He
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xi Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Shan Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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10
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Zuo X, Yang C, Yan Y, Huang G, Li R. Systematic analysis of the thioredoxin gene family in Citrus sinensis: identification, phylogenetic analysis, and gene expression patterns. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2294426. [PMID: 38104280 PMCID: PMC10730155 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2294426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (TRX) proteins play essential roles in reactive oxygen species scavenging in plants. We executed an exhaustive analysis of the TRX gene family in Citrus sinensis (CsTRXs), encompassing identification, phylogenetic analysis, detection of conserved motifs and domains, gene structure, cis-acting elements, gene expression trends, and subcellular localization analysis. Our findings established that a total of 22 CsTRXs with thioredoxin domains were identified in the genome of C. sinensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CsTRXs were divided into six subclusters. Conserved motifs analysis of CsTRXs indicated a wide range of conserved motifs. A significant number of cis-acting elements associated with both abiotic and biotic stress responses, inclusive of numerous phytohormone-related elements, were detected in the promoter regions of CsTRXs. The expression levels of CsTRXs including CsTRXf1, CsTRXh1, CsTRXm1, CsTRXo3, CsTRXx2 and CsTRXy1 were observed to be reduced upon pathogen infection. Subcellular localization analysis found that CsTRXf1, CsTRXm1, CsTRXo3, CsTRXx2 and CsTRXy1 were predominantly localized in chloroplasts, whereas CsTRXh1 was distributed indiscriminately. This research yields integral data on CsTRXs, facilitating future efforts to decipher the gene functions of CsTRXs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yana Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guiyan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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11
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Rodrigues MGF, Nakanishi ES, Soutello RVG, Diniz FONH. Global methylation in 'Valencia' orange seedlings associated with rootstocks and Huanglongbing. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e277679. [PMID: 38126644 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.277679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus farming is one of the main activities that contributed to the Brazilian trade balance, with citrus seedling being the most important input in the formation of orchards to guarantee high productivity and fruit quality, which fundamentally depends on the chosen genetics. The present study aimed to analyze the existence of epigenetic variability in 'Valencia' orange plants on rootstocks, associated or not with HLB, through the quantification of the global methylation of its genome, in order to support works on genetic improvement and crop production. For this purpose, this work was carried out in greenhouse in a completely randomized experimental design, with 5 treatments and 6 replicates per treatment, each seedling being considered a replicate, namely: T1 = "Valencia" orange grafted onto "Rangpur" lemon, inoculated with HLB; T2 = "Valencia" orange grafted onto "Swingle" citrumelo, inoculated with HLB; T3 = "Valencia" orange grafted onto "Rangpur" lemon, without HLB inoculation ; T4 = "Valencia" orange grafted onto "Swingle" citrumelo, without HLB inoculation ; T5 = "Valencia" orange in free standing. The DNA was extracted from leaves and the ELISA test (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) was carried out, based on the use of receptors sensitive to 5-mC., to measure the relative quantification of global methylation between genomic orange DNAs . Since the control treatment (T5) consists of "Valencia" orange in free standing, it could be inferred that both the normal grafting technique in the seedling formation process and the inoculation of buds infected with HLB are external factors capable of changing the methylation pattern in the evaluated plants, including the DNA demethylation process, causing an adaptive response in association with the expression of genes previously silenced by genome methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G F Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas - FCAT, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Dracena, SP, Brasil
| | - E S Nakanishi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas - FCAT, Dracena, SP, Brasil
| | - R V G Soutello
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas - FCAT, Dracena, SP, Brasil
| | - F O N H Diniz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
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12
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Singh S, Tarannum Z, Kokane S, Ghosh DK, Sharma AK, Chauhan H. Efficient transformation and regeneration of transgenic plants in commercial cultivars of Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus sinensis. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:523-536. [PMID: 37702987 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is one of the major horticultural crops with high economic and nutraceutical value. Despite the fact that conventional research has developed numerous improved varieties, citriculture is still susceptible to various stresses and requires innovative solutions such as genetic engineering. Among all the currently available modern approaches, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most efficient method for introducing desired traits in citrus. However, being a non-host for Agrobacterium, various citrus species, including Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus sinensis, are recalcitrant to this method. The available reports on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of commercial citrus cultivars show very low transformation efficiency with poor recovery rates of whole transgenic plantlets. Here, we provide an efficient and reliable procedure of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for both C. aurantifolia and C. sinensis. This protocol depends on providing callus-inducing treatment to explants before and during Agrobacterium co-cultivation, using optimum conditions for shoot regeneration and modifying in-vitro micrografting protocol to combat the loss of transgenic lines. As transgenic citrus shoots are difficult to root, we also developed the ideal conditions for their rooting. Using this protocol, the whole transgenic plantlets of C. aurantifolia and C. sinensis can be developed in about ~ 4 months, with transformation efficiency of 30% and 22% for the respective species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Zeba Tarannum
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Sunil Kokane
- ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, 440 033, India
| | - Dilip K Ghosh
- ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, 440 033, India
| | - Ashwani K Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India.
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Faysal Ahmed F, Dola FS, Zohra FT, Rahman SM, Konak JN, Sarkar MAR. Genome-wide identification, classification, and characterization of lectin gene superfamily in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294233. [PMID: 37956187 PMCID: PMC10642848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are sugar-binding proteins found abundantly in plants. Lectin superfamily members have diverse roles, including plant growth, development, cellular processes, stress responses, and defense against microbes. However, the genome-wide identification and functional analysis of lectin genes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) remain unexplored. Therefore, we used integrated bioinformatics approaches (IBA) for in-depth genome-wide identification, characterization, and regulatory factor analysis of sweet orange lectin genes. Through genome-wide comparative analysis, we identified a total of 141 lectin genes distributed across 10 distinct gene families such as 68 CsB-Lectin, 13 CsLysin Motif (LysM), 4 CsChitin-Bind1, 1 CsLec-C, 3 CsGal-B, 1 CsCalreticulin, 3 CsJacalin, 13 CsPhloem, 11 CsGal-Lec, and 24 CsLectinlegB.This classification relied on characteristic domain and phylogenetic analysis, showing significant homology with Arabidopsis thaliana's lectin gene families. A thorough analysis unveiled common similarities within specific groups and notable variations across different protein groups. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted the predicted genes' roles in diverse cellular components, metabolic processes, and stress-related regulation. Additionally, network analysis of lectin genes with transcription factors (TFs) identified pivotal regulators like ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, and TCP. The cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) found in sweet orange lectin genes showed their roles in crucial pathways, including light-responsive (LR), stress-responsive (SR), hormone-responsive (HR), and more. These findings will aid in the in-depth molecular examination of these potential genes and their regulatory elements, contributing to targeted enhancements of sweet orange species in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Sumaiya Dola
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohra
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Jesmin Naher Konak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of LifeScience, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rauf Sarkar
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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14
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Roslan ND, Sundram S, Hong LW, Ling KL, Vadamalai G. Analysis of Coconut cadang-cadang viroid variants on field samples exhibiting variation in orange spotting symptom expression and severity. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9699-9705. [PMID: 37676433 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequence variation has been attributed to symptom variations but has not been investigated in Orange Spotting-Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (OS-CCCVd) infected palms. Likewise, the relationship between Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) variants, Orange Spotting (OS) severity and the accumulation of the viroid in the palms have not been elucidated. This paper describes the characterization of CCCVd variants by cloning and sequencing, followed by correlation with symptom expression. METHODS AND RESULTS Total nucleic acids were extracted from leaf samples harvested from frond 20 of seven Dura × Pisifera (D × P) African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) aged between 13 and 21 years old collected from local plantations. The nucleic acids were fractionated using 5% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) before being subjected to detection by reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products were cloned into a plasmid vector and the sequence of the clones was analyzed. CCCVd variants were quantified using real-time qPCR assay with CCCVd specific primers. Sixteen randomly selected clones of (OP246) had an arbitrary 100% identity with CCCVdOP246 (GeneBank Accession No: HQ608513). Meanwhile, four clones had >93% similarity with several minor sequence variations forming variants of OP234, OP235, OP251 and OP279. CONCLUSION The OS symptoms observed in the field were characterized into three categories based on the size and morphology of the orange spots on the affected fronds. In addition, there was no direct correlation between disease severity and the accumulation of CCCVd variants in oil palm. This finding is the first report describing the sequence variation of the CCCVd RNA and symptom variation in OS oil palm field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Diyana Roslan
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Sundram
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lau Wei Hong
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Lih Ling
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ganesan Vadamalai
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Huang Y, He J, Xu Y, Zheng W, Wang S, Chen P, Zeng B, Yang S, Jiang X, Liu Z, Wang L, Wang X, Liu S, Lu Z, Liu Z, Yu H, Yue J, Gao J, Zhou X, Long C, Zeng X, Guo YJ, Zhang WF, Xie Z, Li C, Ma Z, Jiao W, Zhang F, Larkin RM, Krueger RR, Smith MW, Ming R, Deng X, Xu Q. Pangenome analysis provides insight into the evolution of the orange subfamily and a key gene for citric acid accumulation in citrus fruits. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1964-1975. [PMID: 37783780 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The orange subfamily (Aurantioideae) contains several Citrus species cultivated worldwide, such as sweet orange and lemon. The origin of Citrus species has long been debated and less is known about the Aurantioideae. Here, we compiled the genome sequences of 314 accessions, de novo assembled the genomes of 12 species and constructed a graph-based pangenome for Aurantioideae. Our analysis indicates that the ancient Indian Plate is the ancestral area for Citrus-related genera and that South Central China is the primary center of origin of the Citrus genus. We found substantial variations in the sequence and expression of the PH4 gene in Citrus relative to Citrus-related genera. Gene editing and biochemical experiments demonstrate a central role for PH4 in the accumulation of citric acid in citrus fruits. This study provides insights into the origin and evolution of the orange subfamily and a regulatory mechanism underpinning the evolution of fruit taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxian He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuantao Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Horticulture Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Horticulture Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuizhi Yang
- Horticulture Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishuang Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziang Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Yue
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyan Zhou
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunrui Long
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zeng
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fruit Trees Scientific Observation Test Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jie Guo
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Jiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert R Krueger
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Malcolm W Smith
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Ferrer V, Costantino G, Paymal N, Quinton C, Perdomo EC, Paoli M, Mournet P, Ollitrault P, Tomi F, Luro F. Inheritance and Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Aromatic Compounds from Clementine ( Citrus × clementina Hort. ex Tan.) and Sweet Orange ( C. × sinensis (L.) Osb.) Fruit Essential Oils. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1800. [PMID: 37761942 PMCID: PMC10531275 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance in food processing, perfumery and cosmetics, the inheritance of sweet orange aromatic compounds, as well as their yield in the fruit peel, has been little analyzed. In the present study, the segregation of aromatic compounds was studied in an F1 population of 77 hybrids resulting from crosses between clementine and blood sweet orange. Fruit-peel essential oils (PEOs) extracted by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection. Genotyping by sequencing was performed on the parents and the hybrids. The resulting "clementine × sweet blood orange" genetic map consists of 710 SNP markers distributed in nine linkage groups (LGs), representing the nine citrus chromosomes, and spanning 1054 centimorgans. Twenty quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified, explaining between 20.5 and 55.0% of the variance of the major aromatic compounds and PEO yield. The QTLs for monoterpenes and aliphatic aldehydes predominantly colocalized on LGs 5 and 8, as did the two QTLs for PEO yield. The sesquiterpene QTLs were located on LGs 1, 3, 6 and 8. The detection of major QTLs associated with the synthesis of aliphatic aldehydes, known for their strong aromatic properties, open the way for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ferrer
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
- Rémy Cointreau—Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France; (N.P.); (C.Q.)
| | - Gilles Costantino
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Noémie Paymal
- Rémy Cointreau—Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France; (N.P.); (C.Q.)
| | - Carole Quinton
- Rémy Cointreau—Les Molières, 49124 Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France; (N.P.); (C.Q.)
| | - Estefania Carrillo Perdomo
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- UMR SPE 6134—Université de Corse—CNRS, 20000 Ajaccio, France; (M.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Pierre Mournet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Félix Tomi
- UMR SPE 6134—Université de Corse—CNRS, 20000 Ajaccio, France; (M.P.); (F.T.)
| | - François Luro
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 20230 San Giuliano, France; (V.F.); (G.C.); (E.C.P.)
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17
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Su Y, Dai S, Li N, Gentile A, He C, Xu J, Duan K, Wang X, Wang B, Li D. Unleashing the Potential of EIL Transcription Factors in Enhancing Sweet Orange Resistance to Bacterial Pathologies: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12644. [PMID: 37628825 PMCID: PMC10454048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE (EIL) family is one of the most important transcription factor (TF) families in plants and is involved in diverse plant physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, ten EIL transcription factors (CsEILs) in sweet orange were systematically characterized via whole-genome analysis. The CsEIL genes were unevenly distributed across the four sweet orange chromosomes. Putative cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) associated with CsEIL were found to be involved in plant development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Notably, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that CsEIL genes were widely expressed in different organs of sweet orange and responded to both high and low temperature, NaCl treatment, and to ethylene-dependent induction of transcription, while eight additionally responded to Xanthomonas citri pv. Citri (Xcc) infection, which causes citrus canker. Among these, CsEIL2, CsEIL5 and CsEIL10 showed pronounced upregulation. Moreover, nine genes exhibited differential expression in response to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) infection, which causes Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). The genome-wide characterization and expression profile analysis of CsEIL genes provide insights into the potential functions of the CsEIL family in disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Su
- National Citrus Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University (Changsha Branch), Changsha 410128, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (X.W.)
| | - Suming Dai
- National Citrus Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University (Changsha Branch), Changsha 410128, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Na Li
- National Citrus Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University (Changsha Branch), Changsha 410128, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Cong He
- National Citrus Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University (Changsha Branch), Changsha 410128, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (X.W.)
| | - Kangle Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (X.W.)
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (X.W.)
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (X.W.)
| | - Dazhi Li
- National Citrus Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University (Changsha Branch), Changsha 410128, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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18
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Fraga LN, Milenkovic D, Coutinho CP, Rozenbaum AC, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Interaction between APOE, APOA1, and LPL Gene Polymorphisms and Variability in Changes in Lipid and Blood Pressure following Orange Juice Intake: A Pilot Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200847. [PMID: 37128695 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Chronic orange juice intake is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, however, a large inter-individual variability in response to orange juice for lipid profile and blood pressure has been observed. This heterogeneity in responsiveness could be associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which has not been previously addressed. This study aims to investigate the influence of SNP in apolipoprotein E (APOE), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), mevalonate (MVK), and lipase lipoprotein (LPL) genes in the biological response after chronic orange juice intake. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-six volunteers ingested 500 mL daily for 60 days and blood pressure and biochemical parameters are measured. Also, SNPs in APOE, APOA1, MVK, and LPL genes are genotyped in the volunteers that are medium/high excretors of flavanone metabolites. Genotypes CC (APOA1), AA, and GG (LPL) are associated with positive health effects of orange juice and the CC (APOE), GG (APOA1), GG, and AA (LPL) genotypes are associated with no effects of orange juice consumption (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results identify for the first-time SNP associated with effects of orange juice on lipid levels and blood pressure, results that may provide bases for future precise nutritional recommendations regarding this flavanone-rich food to lower the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Camille Perella Coutinho
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos Rozenbaum
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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19
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Yue P, Jiang Z, Sun Q, Wei R, Yin Y, Xie Z, Larkin RM, Ye J, Chai L, Deng X. Jasmonate activates a CsMPK6-CsMYC2 module that regulates the expression of β-citraurin biosynthetic genes and fruit coloration in orange (Citrus sinensis). Plant Cell 2023; 35:1167-1185. [PMID: 36530163 PMCID: PMC10052374 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments that influence the color of citrus fruit. The red-colored carotenoid β-citraurin is responsible for the peel color in "Newhall" orange (Citrus sinensis). Although jasmonates are known to regulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids, their effects on β-citraurin biosynthesis in citrus fruit remain unclear. Here, we determined that treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) significantly promotes fruit coloration and β-citraurin production in "Newhall" orange. A MeJA treatment induced the expression of CsMYC2, which encodes a transcription factor that serves as a master regulator of jasmonate responses. CsMYC2 bound the promoter of the gene that encodes carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4b (CsCCD4b), the key gene for β-citraurin biosynthesis, and the promoters of genes that encode phytoene synthase (CsPSY), lycopene β-cyclase (CsLCYb), and β-carotene hydroxylase (CsBCH) and induced their expression. In addition, CsMYC2 promoted CsMPK6 expression. Notably, we found that CsMPK6 interacted with CsMYC2 and that this interaction decreased the stability and DNA-binding activity of CsMYC2. Thus, we conclude that negative feedback regulation attenuates JA signaling during the jasmonate-induced coloration of citrus fruit. Together, our findings indicate that jasmonates induce β-citraurin biosynthesis in citrus by activating a CsMPK6-CsMYC2 cascade, thereby affecting fruit coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenghua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ranran Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yingzi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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20
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Chaudhry AH, Hussain SB, Du W, Liu Y, Peng SA, Deng X, Pan Z. A novel bud mutant of navel orange (Citrus sinensis) shows tolerance to chlorosis in acidic and magnesium-deficient soils. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:739-745. [PMID: 36827955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interveinal chlorosis in old leaves is a common occurrence in citrus orchards in southern China. The present study investigates the 'Langfeng' navel orange (LF, Citrus sinensis) grafted onto a Trifoliate orange (TO, Poncirus trifoliata) rootstock, which exhibits healthy green leaves, and the 'Newhall' navel orange (NHE, C. sinensis) grafted onto TO, which has typical magnesium (Mg) deficiency-induced chlorosis. Chemical analysis of the rhizosphere soil revealed that the pH values were around 3.92 and that both Mg and calcium (Ca) were significantly deficient in the rhizosphere soil of both grafting combinations (LF/TO and NHE/TO). Furthermore, the chlorotic leaves of NHE/TO had significantly lower levels of Mg, Ca, and phosphorus (P), and the green leaves of NHE/TO had significantly lower levels of Mg and Ca compared to the green leaves of the LF/TO. This suggests that Mg deficiency may be the primary cause of chlorosis in NHE/TO. A greenhouse study using the same graft combinations showed that the LF/TO plants had better growth than the NHE/TO, possibly by promoting Mg uptake and/or improving Mg distribution to leaves, thereby increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation and photosynthesis, optimizing carbohydrate distribution, and increasing plant biomass. This results in a phenotype that is tolerant to Mg deficiency. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the LF navel orange could be utilized in the development of new citrus varieties with improved Mg-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Wei Du
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, 430064, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shu-Ang Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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21
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McNeil CJ, Araujo K, Godfrey K, Slupsky CM. Metabolite Signature and Differential Expression of Genes in Washington Navel Oranges ( Citrus sinensis) Infected by Spiroplasma citri. Phytopathology 2023; 113:299-308. [PMID: 35984373 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0177-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spiroplasma citri is the pathogen that causes citrus stubborn disease (CSD). Infection of citrus with S. citri has been shown to cause leaf mottling, reduce fruit yield, and stunt tree growth. Fruit from trees exhibiting symptoms of CSD are misshapen and discolored. The symptoms of CSD are easily confused with nutrient deficiencies or symptoms of citrus greening disease. In this study, young Washington navel oranges (Citrus sinensis) were graft-inoculated with budwood originating from trees confirmed to be infected with S. citri. Leaf samples were collected monthly for 10 months for metabolomics and differential gene expression analyses. Significant differences in the concentration of metabolites and expressed genes were observed between control and S. citri-infected trees throughout the experiment. Metabolites and genes associated with important defense and stress pathways, including jasmonic acid signaling, cell wall modification, amino acid biosynthesis, and the production of antioxidant and antimicrobial secondary metabolites, were impacted by S. citri throughout the study, and even prior to symptom development. This work fills a current gap in knowledge surrounding the pathogenicity of S. citri and provides an updated mechanistic explanation for the development of CSD symptoms in S. citri-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J McNeil
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Karla Araujo
- Contained Research Facility, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Kristine Godfrey
- Contained Research Facility, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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22
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Lafuente MT, González-Candelas L. The Role of ABA in the Interaction between Citrus Fruit and Penicillium digitatum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415796. [PMID: 36555436 PMCID: PMC9779756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) protects citrus fruit against Penicillium digitatum infection. The global mechanisms involved in the role of ABA in the P. digitatum-citrus fruit interaction are unknown. Here, we determine the transcriptome differences between the Navelate (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) orange and its ABA-deficient mutant Pinalate, which is less resistant to infection. Low ABA levels may affect both the constitutive mechanisms that protect citrus fruit against P. digitatum and early responses to infection. The repression of terpenoid, phenylpropanoid and glutation metabolism; of oxidation-reduction processes; and of processes related to the defense response to fungus and plant hormone signal transduction may be one part of the constitutive defense reduced in the mutant against P. digitatum. Our results also provide potential targets for developing P. digitatum-citrus fruit-resistant varieties. Of those up-regulated by ABA, a thaumatin protein and a bifunctional inhibitor/LTP, which are relevant in plant immunity, were particularly remarkable. It is also worth highlighting chlorophyllase 1 (CLH1), induced by infection in Pinalate, and the OXS3 gene, which was down-regulated by ABA, because the absence of OXS3 activates ABA-responsive genes in plants.
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23
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Soares JM, Weber KC, Qiu W, Mahmoud LM, Grosser JW, Dutt M. Overexpression of the salicylic acid binding protein 2 (SABP2) from tobacco enhances tolerance against Huanglongbing in transgenic citrus. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:2305-2320. [PMID: 36107199 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the salicylic acid binding protein 2 (SABP2) gene from Tobacco results in enhanced tolerance to Huanglongbing (HLB; citrus greening disease) in transgenic sweet oranges. Huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease, is caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas). Currently, no cure for this disease exists, and all commercially planted cultivars are highly susceptible. Salicylic Acid Binding Protein 2 (SABP2) is a well-characterized protein essential for establishing systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. The constitutive over expression of SABP2 from tobacco (NtSABP2) in 'Hamlin' sweet orange resulted in the production of several transgenic lines with variable transcript levels. Transient expression of the NtSABP2-EGFP fusion protein in Nicotiana benthamiana plants demonstrated that NtSABP2 was cytosolic in its subcellular localization. In a long-term field study, we identified a SABP2 transgenic line with significantly reduced HLB symptoms that maintained a consistently low CaLas titer. Transcriptome analysis of this selected transgenic line demonstrated upregulation of several genes related to plant defense and SAR pathways. Genes, such as NPR family genes and those coding for monooxygenases and lipoxygenases, were upregulated in the 35S-NtSABP2 overexpressing line and might be candidates for incorporation into our citrus improvement program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Soares
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Kyle C Weber
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Wenming Qiu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Lamiaa M Mahmoud
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
- Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Jude W Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Manjul Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
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24
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Dutt M, Mahmoud LM, Nehela Y, Grosser JW, Killiny N. The Citrus sinensis TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (CsTAC1) gene regulates tree architecture in sweet oranges by modulating the endogenous hormone content. Plant Sci 2022; 323:111401. [PMID: 35905898 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is a major fruit crop cultivated on a global scale. Citrus trees are long lived perennials with a large canopy. Understanding the genetic control of tree architecture could provide tools for breeding and selection of citrus cultivars suitable for high density planting with improved light exposure. Tree architecture is modulated by the TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (TAC1) gene which plays an important role in the regulation of the shoot angle. Herein, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knockout the CsTAC1 gene for the biochemical and molecular analysis of its function. Nine transgenic lines were obtained, and five edited plants were confirmed based on T7EI mismatch detection assay and Sanger sequencing. The transgenic citrus lines exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes, including differences in branch angle and stem growth. Additionally, silencing CsTAC1 led to enhanced CsLAZY1 transcript levels in the tested lines. Analysis of the phytohormonal profile revealed that TAC1-edited plants exhibited lower auxin contents and increased cytokinin levels in the leaves compared to the wild-type plants. The GA7 gibberellin level was enhanced in most of the edited lines. Collectively, TAC1 affects branch angle in association with hormone signals in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjul Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA.
| | - Lamiaa M Mahmoud
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Jude W Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
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25
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Mi L, Ma D, Lv S, Xu S, Zhong B, Peng T, Liu D, Liu Y. Comparative Transcriptome and sRNAome Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Mechanisms of Fruit Ripening in a Spontaneous Early-Ripening Navel Orange Mutant and Its Wild Type. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101706. [PMID: 36292591 PMCID: PMC9601947 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex molecular regulatory network plays an important role in the development and ripening of fruits and leads to significant differences in apparent characteristics. Comparative transcriptome and sRNAome analyses were performed to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of fruit ripening in a spontaneous early-ripening navel orange mutant (‘Ganqi 4’, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and its wild type (‘Newhall’ navel orange) in this study. At the transcript level, a total of 10792 genes were found to be differentially expressed between MT and WT at the four fruit development stages by RNA-Seq. Additionally, a total of 441 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the four periods, and some of them belong to 15 families. An integrative analysis of the transcriptome and sRNAome data revealed some factors that regulate the mechanisms of formation of early-ripening traits. First, secondary metabolic materials, especially endogenous hormones, carotenoids, cellulose and pectin, obviously changed during fruit ripening in MT and WT. Second, we found a large number of differentially expressed genes (PP2C, SnRK, JAZ, ARF, PG, and PE) involved in plant hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism, which suggests the importance of these metabolic pathways during fruit ripening. Third, the expression patterns of several key miRNAs and their target genes during citrus fruit development and ripening stages were examined. csi-miR156, csi-miR160, csi-miR397, csi-miR3954, and miRN106 suppressed specific transcription factors (SPLs, ARFs, NACs, LACs, and TCPs) that are thought to be important regulators involved in citrus fruit development and ripening. In the present study, we analyzed ripening-related regulatory factors from multiple perspectives and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that operate in the early-ripening navel orange mutant ‘Ganqi 4’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Mi
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Dong Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shuping Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Saibing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Balian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Dechun Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence:
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26
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Fraga LN, Milenkovic D, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of SULT1A1, SULT1C4, ABCC2 and Phase II Flavanone Metabolites Excretion after Orange Juice Intake. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183770. [PMID: 36145145 PMCID: PMC9502135 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits and juices are a major source of dietary flavanones, and the regular consumption of these foods is inversely associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the biological benefits depend on the bioavailability of these compounds, and previous studies have reported a large interindividual variability in the absorption and excretion of these compounds. Different factors, such as age, gender or genetic polymorphism of genes coding enzymes involved in the metabolism and transport of the flavanones, may explain this heterogeneity. This study aimed to assess the impact of single nucleotide polymorphism of sulfotransferases SULT1A1 and SULT1C4, and ABCC2 transporter genes on excretion of phase II flavanone metabolites in volunteers after 24 h of orange juice intake. Forty-six volunteers ingested a single dose of 500 mL of orange juice and 24-h urine was collected. The hesperetin and naringenin phase II metabolites were quantified in urine, and SNPs in SULT1A1, SULT1C4 and ABCC2 genes were genotyped. A significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the SNPs in these genes and the high excretion of phase II flavanone metabolites were observed. These results identified novel polymorphisms associated with higher absorption of flavanones, which may provide bases for future personalized nutritional guidelines for consuming flavanone-rich foods rich in these nutrients for better benefit from their health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (N.M.A.H.)
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (N.M.A.H.)
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Yu WT, Hou KX, Su XY, Zhang XL, Qiu J, Wang CX, Xue Q, Liu JL. [Cloning and expression analysis of UDP-rhamnose synthase from Citrus sinensis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:3208-3214. [PMID: 35851113 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220216.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate rhamnose(UDP-Rha), a glycoside donor synthesized with the catalysis of rhamnose synthase(RHM), is one of the important elements in the synthesis of rhamnosides. In this study, we cloned a RHM gene from Citrus sinensis(CsRHM) and analyzed its bioinformatic information and functions in vitro. The results showed the gene consisted of an open reading frame of 2 007 bp encoding 668 amino acid residues. The deduced protein had a presumed molecular weight of 75.27 kDa, a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.97, and the characteristic signal sequences(GxxxGxxG/A and YxxxK) of the RHM family. Multiple sequence alignments and the phylogenetic tree demonstrated that CsRHM shared homology with other RHMs. The results of enzymatic reactions in vitro showed that the recombinant protein CsRHM catalyzed the conversion of UDP-Glu to UDP-Rha, with the kinetic parameters V_(max), K_m, K_(cat), and K_(cat)/K_m of 0.373 7 μmol·L~(-1)·min~(-1), 21.29 μmol·L~(-1), 0.24 s~(-1), and 1.13×10~4 s~(-1)·L·mol~(-1), respectively. This study is the first report about CsRHM with validated catalytic function in vitro, which provides a foundation for further research on the biosynthesis of UDP-Rha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Tong Yu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018, China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Kang-Xin Hou
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018, China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xin-Yao Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Cai-Xia Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin-Long Liu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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Wallis CM, Gorman Z, Rattner R, Hajeri S, Yokomi R. Amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid profiles are capable of distinguishing Citrus tristeza virus infection status in citrus cultivars: Grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and sweet orange. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268255. [PMID: 35536831 PMCID: PMC9089872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most severe viral disease for citrus production. Many strains of CTV have been characterized and their symptomology widely varies, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infections to severe symptomology that results in substantial yield loss or host death. The capacity of the different CTV strains to affect the biochemistry of different citrus species has remained largely unstudied, despite that associated metabolomic shifts would be relevant toward symptom development. Thus, amino acid, sugar, phenolic, and terpenoid levels were assessed in leaves of healthy and CTV-infected grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, and two different sweet orange cultivars. Both mild [VT-negative (VT-)] and severe [VT-positive (VT+)] CTV genotype strains were utilized. When looking at overall totals of these metabolite classes, only amino acid levels were significantly increased by infection of citrus with severe CTV strains, relative to mild CTV strains or healthy plants. No significant trends of CTV infection on summed amounts of all sugar, phenolic, or terpenoid compounds were observed. However, individual compound levels were affected by CTV infections. Subsequent canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) that utilized profiles of individual amino acids, terpenoids, or phenolics successfully distinguished leaf samples to specific citrus varieties and identified infection status with good accuracy. Collectively, this study reveals biochemical patterns associated with severity of CTV infections that can potentially be utilized to help identify in-field CTV infections of economic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Wallis
- Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California, United States of America
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Rattner
- Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California, United States of America
| | - Subhas Hajeri
- Citrus Pest Detection Program, Central California Tristeza Eradication Agency, Tulare, California, United States of America
| | - Raymond Yokomi
- Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California, United States of America
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Primo-Capella A, Forner-Giner MÁ, Martínez-Cuenca MR, Terol J. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of citrus cold-resistant vs. sensitive rootstocks might suggest a relevant role of ABA signaling in triggering cold scion adaption. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:209. [PMID: 35448939 PMCID: PMC9027863 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The citrus genus comprises a number of sensitive tropical and subtropical species to cold stress, which limits global citrus distribution to certain latitudes and causes major economic loss. We used RNA-Seq technology to analyze changes in the transcriptome of Valencia delta seedless orange in response to long-term cold stress grafted on two frequently used citrus rootstocks: Carrizo citrange (CAR), considered one of the most cold-tolerant accessions; C. macrophylla (MAC), a very sensitive one. Our objectives were to identify the genetic mechanism that produce the tolerant or sensitive phenotypes in citrus, as well as to gain insights of the rootstock-scion interactions that induce the cold tolerance or sensitivity in the scion. RESULTS Plants were kept at 1 ºC for 30 days. Samples were taken at 0, 15 and 30 days. The metabolomic analysis showed a significant increase in the concentration of free sugars and proline, which was higher for the CAR plants. Hormone quantification in roots showed a substantially increased ABA concentration during cold exposure in the CAR roots, which was not observed in MAC. Different approaches were followed to analyze gene expression. During the stress treatment, the 0-15-day comparison yielded the most DEGs. The functional characterization of DEGs showed enrichment in GO terms and KEGG pathways related to abiotic stress responses previously described in plant cold adaption. The DEGs analysis revealed that several key genes promoting cold adaption were up-regulated in the CAR plants, and those repressing it had higher expression levels in the MAC samples. CONCLUSIONS The metabolomic and transcriptomic study herein performed indicates that the mechanisms activated in plants shortly after cold exposure remain active in the long term. Both the hormone quantification and differential expression analysis suggest that ABA signaling might play a relevant role in promoting the cold hardiness or sensitiveness of Valencia sweet orange grafted onto Carrizo citrange or Macrophylla rootstocks, respectively. Our work provides new insights into the mechanisms by which rootstocks modulate resistance to abiotic stress in the production variety grafted onto them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Primo-Capella
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Forner-Giner
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Terol
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
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Goh RMV, Pua A, Luro F, Ee KH, Huang Y, Marchi E, Liu SQ, Lassabliere B, Yu B. Distinguishing citrus varieties based on genetic and compositional analyses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267007. [PMID: 35436309 PMCID: PMC9015143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and secondary metabolite composition were used in combination to study seven varieties of citrus for the first time. With reference to established accessions of citrus, two of the varieties (Chanh Giay and Ma Nao Pan) were predicted to be Mexican key limes, while three were mandarin hybrids (Nagpur, Pontianak and Dalandan) and the remaining two (Qicheng and Mosambi) were related to the sweet orange. Notably, Dalandan was genetically more like a mandarin despite often referred to as an orange locally, whereas Mosambi was more likely to be a sweet orange hybrid although it has also been called a sweet lime due to its green peel and small size. Several key secondary metabolites such as polymethoxyflavones (sinensetin, tangeretin etc.), furanocoumarins (bergapten, citropten etc.) and volatiles (citronellol, α-sinensal etc.) were identified to be potential biomarkers for separation of citrus species. However, despite having similar genetic profiles, variations in the volatile profile of the two limes were observed; similarly, there were differences in the secondary metabolite profiles of the three mandarin hybrids despite having a common ancestral parent, highlighting the usefulness of genetic and compositional analyses in combination for revealing both origins and flavour profiles especially in citrus hybrids. This knowledge would be crucial for variety screening and selection for use in flavour or fragrance creation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Min Vivian Goh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aileen Pua
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mane SEA PTE LTD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francois Luro
- UMR AGAP Institut, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, San Giuliano, France
| | | | - Yunle Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mane SEA PTE LTD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elodie Marchi
- UMR AGAP Institut, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, San Giuliano, France
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (BY); (SQL)
| | | | - Bin Yu
- Mane SEA PTE LTD, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (BY); (SQL)
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Borredá C, Perez-Roman E, Talon M, Terol J. Comparative transcriptomics of wild and commercial Citrus during early ripening reveals how domestication shaped fruit gene expression. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:123. [PMID: 35300613 PMCID: PMC8928680 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interspecific hybridizations and admixtures were key in Citrus domestication, but very little is known about their impact at the transcriptomic level. To determine the effects of genome introgressions on gene expression, the transcriptomes of the pulp and flavedo of three pure species (citron, pure mandarin and pummelo) and four derived domesticated genetic admixtures (sour orange, sweet orange, lemon and domesticated mandarin) have been analyzed at color break. RESULTS Many genes involved in relevant physiological processes for domestication, such sugar/acid metabolism and carotenoid/flavonoid synthesis, were differentially expressed among samples. In the low-sugar, highly acidic species lemon and citron, many genes involved in sugar metabolism, the TCA cycle and GABA shunt displayed a reduced expression, while the P-type ATPase CitPH5 and most subunits of the vacuolar ATPase were overexpressed. The red-colored species and admixtures were generally characterized by the overexpression in the flavedo of specific pivotal genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis, including phytoene synthase, ζ-carotene desaturase, β-lycopene cyclase and CCD4b, a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase. The expression patterns of many genes involved in flavonoid modifications, especially the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid O-methyltransferases showed extreme diversity. However, the most noticeable differential expression was shown by a chalcone synthase gene, which catalyzes a key step in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. This chalcone synthase was exclusively expressed in mandarins and their admixed species, which only expressed the mandarin allele. In addition, comparisons between wild and domesticated mandarins revealed that the major differences between their transcriptomes concentrate in the admixed regions. CONCLUSION In this work we present a first study providing broad evidence that the genome introgressions that took place during citrus domestication largely shaped gene expression in their fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Borredá
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Perez-Roman
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Terol
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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Zhang H, Li XY, Lin ML, Hu PP, Lai NW, Huang ZR, Chen LS. The aluminum distribution and translocation in two citrus species differing in aluminum tolerance. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:93. [PMID: 35232395 PMCID: PMC8889769 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many citrus orchards of south China suffer from soil acidification, which induces aluminum (Al) toxicity. The Al-immobilization in vivo is crucial for Al detoxification. However, the distribution and translocation of excess Al in citrus species are not well understood. RESULTS The seedlings of 'Xuegan' [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and 'Shatianyou' [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck], that differ in Al tolerance, were hydroponically treated with a nutrient solution (Control) or supplemented by 1.0 mM Al3+ (Al toxicity) for 21 days after three months of pre-culture. The Al distribution at the tissue level of citrus species followed the order: lateral roots > primary roots > leaves > stems. The concentration of Al extracted from the cell wall (CW) of lateral roots was found to be about 8 to 10 times higher than in the lateral roots under Al toxicity, suggesting that the CW was the primary Al-binding site at the subcellular level. Furthermore, the Al distribution in CW components of the lateral roots showed that pectin had the highest affinity for binding Al. The relative expression level of genes directly relevant to Al transport indicated a dominant role of Cs6g03670.1 and Cg1g021320.1 in the Al distribution of two citrus species. Compared to C. grandis, C. sinensis had a significantly higher Al concentration on the CW of lateral roots, whereas remarkably lower Al levels in the leaves and stems. Furthermore, Al translocation revealed by the absorption kinetics of the CW demonstrated that C. sinensis had a higher Al retention and stronger Al affinity on the root CW than C. grandis. According to the FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis, the Al distribution and translocation might be affected by a modification in the structure and components of the citrus lateral root CW. CONCLUSIONS A higher Al-retention, mainly attributable to pectin of the root CW, and a lower Al translocation efficiency from roots to shoots contributed to a higher Al tolerance of C. sinensis than C. grandis. The aluminum distribution and translocation of two citrus species differing in aluminum tolerance were associated with the transcriptional regulation of genes related to Al transport and the structural modification of root CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Xin-yu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Mei-lan Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping-ping Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning-wei Lai
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeng-rong Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
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Ramírez-Pool JA, Xoconostle-Cázares B, Calderón-Pérez B, Ibarra-Laclette E, Villafán E, Lira-Carmona R, Ruiz-Medrano R. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Host Response to Mild and Severe CTV Strains in Naturally Infected Citrus sinensis Orchards. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052435. [PMID: 35269578 PMCID: PMC8910659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is an important threat to the global citrus industry, causing severe economic losses worldwide. The disease management strategies are focused on vector control, tree culling, and the use of resistant varieties and rootstocks. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees showing either severe or mild CTV symptoms have been observed in orchards in Veracruz, Mexico, and were probably caused by different virus strains. To understand these symptomatic differences, transcriptomic analyses were conducted using asymptomatic trees. CTV was confirmed to be associated with infected plants, and mild and severe strains were successfully identified by a polymorphism in the coat protein (CP) encoding gene. RNA-Seq analysis revealed more than 900 significantly differentially expressed genes in response to mild and severe strains, with some overlapping genes. Importantly, multiple sequence reads corresponding to Citrus exocortis viroid and Hop stunt viroid were found in severe symptomatic and asymptomatic trees, but not in plants with mild symptoms. The differential gene expression profiling obtained in this work provides an overview of molecular behavior in naturally CTV-infected trees. This work may contribute to our understanding of citrus-virus interaction in more natural settings, which can help develop strategies for integrated crop management.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Abrahán Ramírez-Pool
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco 07360, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (B.X.-C.); (B.C.-P.)
| | - Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco 07360, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (B.X.-C.); (B.C.-P.)
| | - Berenice Calderón-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco 07360, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (B.X.-C.); (B.C.-P.)
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91070, Mexico; (E.I.-L.); (E.V.)
| | - Emanuel Villafán
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91070, Mexico; (E.I.-L.); (E.V.)
| | - Rosalía Lira-Carmona
- Laboratorio de Virología, UIMEIP, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Medrano
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco 07360, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (B.X.-C.); (B.C.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5557473800
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Zhang M, Wang J, Liu R, Liu H, Yang H, Zhu Z, Xu R, Wang P, Deng X, Xue S, Zhu F, Cheng Y. CsMYB96 confers resistance to water loss in citrus fruit by simultaneous regulation of water transport and wax biosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:953-966. [PMID: 34599807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A Citrus sinensis R2R3 MYB transcription factor (CsMYB96) has previously been shown to be strongly associated with the expression of many genes related to wax biosynthesis in the fruit. In this study, CsMYB96 was found to alleviate water loss by simultaneously regulating the expression of genes encoding plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (CsPIPs) and wax-related genes. Expression profiling indicated that CsPIP1;1 and CsPIP2;4 had high expression that was representative of other aquaporins, and they were down-regulated in the peel of post-harvest citrus fruit. CsPIP2;4 was further characterized as the predominant CsPIP, with high expression and high-water channel activity. Transient overexpression of CsPIP2;4 accelerated water loss in citrus fruit. In silico analysis further indicated that the expression of CsMYB96 had a significant negative correlation with that of CsPIPs. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that CsMYB96 was able to directly repress the expression of CsPIPs. In addition, CsMYB96 was able to activate wax-related genes and promote wax biosynthesis for defense against water loss. Transient and stable overexpression of CsMYB96 reduced water loss from both citrus fruit and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zhang
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilian Liu
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Zhu
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rangwei Xu
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shaowu Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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Song J, Wu H, He F, Qu J, Wang Y, Li C, Liu JH. Citrus sinensis CBF1 Functions in Cold Tolerance by Modulating Putrescine Biosynthesis through Regulation of Arginine Decarboxylase. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:19-29. [PMID: 34478552 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C-repeat (CRT) binding factors (CBFs) are well known to act as crucial transcription factors that function in cold stress response. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC)- mediated putrescine (Put) biosynthesis has been reported to be activated in plants exposed to cold conditions, but it remains elusive whether CBFs can regulate ADC expression and Put accumulation. In this study, we show that cold upregulated ADC gene (Citrus sinensis ADC;CsADC) and elevated endogenous Put content in sweet orange (C.sinensis). The promoter of CsADC contains two CRT sequences that are canonical elements recognized by CBFs. Sweet orange genome contains four CBFs (CsCBF1-4), in which CsCBF1 was significantly induced by cold. CsCBF1, located in the nucleus, was demonstrated to bind directly and specifically to the promoter of CsADC and acted as a transcriptional activator. Overexpression of CsCBF1 led to notable elevation of CsADC and Put levels in sweet orange transgenic plants, along with remarkably enhanced cold tolerance, relative to the wild type. However, pretreatment with D-arginine, an ADC inhibitor, caused a prominent reduction of endogenous Put levels in the overexpressing lines, accompanied by greatly compromised cold tolerance. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the CBF1 of sweet orange directly regulates ADC expression and modulates Put synthesis for orchestrating the cold tolerance. Our findings shed light on the transcriptional regulation of Put accumulation through targeting the ADC gene in the presence of cold stress. Meanwhile, this study illustrates a new mechanism underlying the CBF-mediated cold stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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36
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Rodrigues da Silva A, da Costa Silva D, Dos Santos Pinto KN, Santos Filho HP, Coelho Filho MA, Dos Santos Soares Filho W, Ferreira CF, da Silva Gesteira A. Epigenetic responses to Phytophthora citrophthora gummosis in citrus. Plant Sci 2021; 313:111082. [PMID: 34763867 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that DNA methylation is associated with plant immunity but little is known as to how this epigenetic mechanism assists plants in adjusting their responses to biotic stress, especially when interacting with an hemibiotrophic pathogen such as citrus Phytophthora. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of scion-rootstock interaction on plant resistance to P. citrophthora infection and DNA methylation patterns in 'Pera' sweet orange and 'Tahiti' acid lime grafted onto 'Rangpur' lime and 'Tropical' sunki rootstocks reinoculated with P. citrophthora. Results showed that reinoculated plants of the 'Pera' sweet orange/'Rangpur' lime and 'Tahiti' acid lime/'Tropical' sunki combinations with more and less sensitive varieties to Phytophthora, presented smaller stem lesions and increased frequency of full methylation and hemimethylation rates, compared to inoculated plants. In contrast, 'Tahiti' acid lime/'Rangpur' lime, two highly sensitive varieties, and 'Pera'/'Tropical' sunki, two much less sensitive varieties, showed high increases in the frequency of hemimethylation and non-methylation levels. Results suggest that in citrus, both the scion-rootstock interaction and DNA methylation affect the response to P. citrophthora infection. Reinoculated plants, depending on the combination, showed changes in intracellular hyphae growth through the formation of sets of fibers and crystal accumulation in the periderm, cortex, and phloem. In addition, starch grain concentration was higher in reinoculated plants in comparison to inoculated plants. These findings support the assumption that DNA methylation is a plant defense mechanism and therefore may be exploited to improve the response of plants to the gummosis of P. citrophthora in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adielle Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Delmira da Costa Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abelmon da Silva Gesteira
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil; Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, 44380-000, Brazil.
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Tang X, Chen S, Yu H, Zheng X, Zhang F, Deng X, Xu Q. Development of a gRNA-tRNA array of CRISPR/Cas9 in combination with grafting technique to improve gene-editing efficiency of sweet orange. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:2453-2456. [PMID: 34554293 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Here, we developed a reliable protocol for the fast and efficient gene-edited Anliu sweet orange plants production. The application of in vitro shoot grafting technology significantly reduced the growth cycle of transgenic seedlings, and the survival rate of cleft grafting was more than 90%. In addition, the mutation efficiency of the grafted geneedited sweet orange was significantly improved by short-term heat stress treatments. Thus, the combination strategy of grafting and heat stress treatments provided a reference for the fast and efficient multiplex gene editing of sweet orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plants With Fujian and Taiwan Characteristics of Fujian Colleges and Universities, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Alhag A, Song J, Dahro B, Wu H, Khan M, Salih H, Liu JH. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Polyamine Uptake Transporter gene family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:1157-1166. [PMID: 34374185 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine uptake transporter (PUT) plays important roles in polyamine homeostasis, but knowledge regarding PUT family genes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) remains elusive. Herein, our study aimed to perform a genome-wide identification of the PUT gene family in C. sinensis. A total of eight putative PUT genes (CsPUT1-CsPUT8) were identified in the sweet orange genome and distributed on three chromosomes. The CsPUT genes were divided into two major groups according to the phylogenetic tree analysis, with high similarities in protein domains and gene structure organization. The CsPUT genes were differentially expressed in different tissues, with the highest transcript levels being in the flowers and roots. Interestingly, the CsPUT genes were significantly induced by polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, indicating that CsPUT were possibly associated with intracellular polyamine transport and uptake. In addition, CsPUT showed differential expression in callus treated with ABA, cold, salt or osmotic shock. CsPUT4 was selected as a candidate for functional analysis of PUT. Overexpression of CsPUT4 elevated endogenous polyamine content and led to enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic callus cultures. Overall, these data provide valuable information for better understanding the potential biological functions of PUT genes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alhag
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- University of Bakht Al Ruda, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - J Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Dahro
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - M Khan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Salih
- Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Zalingei University, Central Darfur, Zalingei, Sudan
| | - J-H Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zeng RF, Zhou H, Fu LM, Yan Z, Ye LX, Hu SF, Gan ZM, Ai XY, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. Two citrus KNAT-like genes, CsKN1 and CsKN2, are involved in the regulation of spring shoot development in sweet orange. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:7002-7019. [PMID: 34185082 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Shoot-tip abortion is a very common phenomenon in some perennial woody plants and it affects the height, architecture, and branch orientation of trees; however, little is currently known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we identified a gene in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) encoding a KNAT-like protein (CsKN1) and found high expression in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Overexpression of CsKN1 in transgenic plants prolonged the vegetative growth of SAMs, whilst silencing resulted in either the loss or inhibition of SAMs. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that CsKN1 interacted with another citrus KNAT-like protein (CsKN2), and overexpression of CsKN2 in lemon and tobacco caused an extreme multiple-meristem phenotype. Overexpression of CsKN1 and CsKN2 in transgenic plants resulted in the differential expression of numerous genes related to hormone biosynthesis and signaling. Yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that the CsKN1-CsKN2 complex can bind to the promoter of citrus floral meristem gene LEAFY (CsLFY) and inhibit its expression. These results indicated that CsKN1 might prolong the vegetative growth period of SAMs by delaying flowering. In addition, an ethylene-responsive factor (CsERF) was found to bind to the CsKN1 promoter and suppresses its transcription. Overexpression of CsERF in Arabidopsis increased the contents of ethylene and reactive oxygen species, which might induce the occurrence of shoot-tip abscission. On the basis of our results, we conclude that CsKN1 and CsKN2 might work cooperatively to regulate the shoot-tip abscission process in spring shoots of sweet orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ming Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Xia Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ai
- Institute of Pomology and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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40
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Liu D, Ma Q, Yang L, Hu W, Guo W, Wang M, Zhou R, Liu Y. Comparative analysis of the cuticular waxes and related gene expression between 'Newhall' and 'Ganqi 3' navel orange during long-term cold storage. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 167:1049-1060. [PMID: 34600182 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we obtained a wax-deficient mutant 'Ganqi 3' (MT) from 'Newhall' navel orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck cv. Newhall, WT). The weight loss and postharvest decay in MT fruit were much higher than those in WT fruit after long-term cold storage. To understand the underlying mechanism, the changes in the morphology, chemical composition and gene expression of cuticular waxes between WT and MT fruit were compared during 150 days of storage at 4 °C. The density of epicuticular wax crystals and the contents of most of the aliphatic wax fractions in MT fruit were much lower than those in WT fruit over 90 days of storage. Further research revealed that the differences in the morphology and chemical composition of cuticular waxes might be important causes for the differences of postharvest weight loss and decay rates between WT and MT fruit. Notably, the expression profiles of 16 wax-related genes in WT and MT fruit were consistent with the change trends of corresponding cuticular wax components during cold storage. These results suggest that the morphology and chemical composition of cuticular waxes may be regulated by wax-related genes and play an important role in regulating the postharvest weight loss and the tolerances to postharvest decay in navel orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Liu
- Department of Pomology, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Qingling Ma
- Department of Pomology, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pomology, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Pomology, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Wenfang Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Minli Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pomology, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Conagen Inc., 15 DeAngelo Drive, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pomology, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China.
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41
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Wen X, Geng F, Cheng Y, Wang J. Ectopic expression of CsMYB30 from Citrus sinensis enhances salt and drought tolerance by regulating wax synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 166:777-788. [PMID: 34217134 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal wax plays a critical role in plant resistance and fruit storage properties. As such, the regulation of wax production is of great importance in fruit, but there is limited information about this process in citrus plants. In this study, we investigated the role of the Citrus sinensis transcription factor CsMYB30 in the regulation of wax synthesis by cloning and ectopically expressing the gene in Arabidopsis and examining the effects on wax formation and stress tolerance. CsMYB30 transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses compared to their wild-type counterparts. Ectopic expression of CsMYB30 also caused changes to the microstructure of wax crystals and wax composition, a significant increase in wax load, and a decrease in the permeability of leaf epidermis. Additionally, most genes related to the wax synthesis pathway were upregulated at the transcription level. These findings suggest that CsMYB30 is a transcriptional regulator of wax production in citrus and can serve as a potential target gene in genetic engineering or breeding efforts to improve citrus fruit resistance and storage performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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42
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Zhang M, Yang H, Zhu F, Xu R, Cheng Y. Transcript profiles analysis of citrus aquaporins in response to fruit water loss during storage. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:819-830. [PMID: 33797834 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Water loss is an essential factor that affects the maintenance of quality of citrus fruit during postharvest handling and storage. Aquaporins (AQPs) play an important role in the transport of water across membranes. However, the expression profiling of AQPs is incomplete for citrus fruits during storage. In this study, a post-harvest storage experiment was performed using sweet orange fruits to determine changes in water loss and fruit quality. Also, genome-wide expression analysis of CsAQP genes was carried out in fruit of different citrus varieties during storage. Low humidity storage conditions accelerated the postharvest water loss and texture decline and increased the TSS content in the fruit. A total of 39 non-redundant CsAQP genes were identified. A comprehensive analysis of these genes demonstrated that all AQPs had conserved filter motifs in the different citrus varieties examined. Moreover, multiple expression analysis revealed AQPs had complex expression profiles upon water loss in citrus fruit, being time-specific in tight-skin varieties (orange and pomelo varieties), tissue-specific between peel and pulp, and variety-specific between loose-skin (mandarin varieties) and tight-skin varieties (such as sweet orange and pummelo). These results indicated that the relative humidity in storage environment affected the postharvest water loss and quality of citrus fruit. Besides, the alternation in AQPs expression may partially account for the different water loss ratio in citrus varieties and the transfer of water between the peel and the pulp of citrus fruit during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Yang
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Zhu
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - R Xu
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Cheng
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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43
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Qiu Y, Jing W, Zhou Y, Chen H, Chen M, Zhang H. Unusual split green-orange signals in USP6 fluorescence in situ hybridization in a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with a novel NF1-SCIMP fusion: a potential diagnostic pitfall. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:1255-1260. [PMID: 34409490 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deletion of the neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene is common, but NF1 rearrangement or fusion has rarely been reported in peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Here, we present a case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) in a 36-year-old Chinese female. Histologically, the lesion was composed of spindle cells with moderate atypia, immature bone, and atypical cartilage elements. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for USP6 revealed green-orange split signals, strongly suggesting the presence of USP6 rearrangement. Subsequent next-generation sequencing-based technology analyses revealed t(17,17) (p13.2, q11.2) intrachromosomal translocation resulting in a novel NF1-SCIMP fusion gene along with NF1 deletion. However, USP6 fusion was not identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case with a confirmed NF1 gene fusion partner in a peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Notably, rearrangement of the SCIMP may cause a pitfall in the interpretation of USP6 FISH results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyi Jing
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Neijiang, China
| | - Huijiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Song N, Cheng Y, Peng W, Peng E, Zhao Z, Liu T, Yi T, Dai L, Wang B, Hong Y. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of the SBP-Box Gene Family in Sweet Orange ( Citrus sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168918. [PMID: 34445624 PMCID: PMC8396319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SBP-box is an important plant-specific transcription factor family and is involved in diverse biological processes. Here, we identified a total of 15 SBP-BOX genes in the important fruit crop sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and characterized their gene structures, conserved domain and motif, chromosomal location, and cis-acting regulatory elements. SBP genes were classified into four subfamilies based on the amino acid sequence homology, and the classification is equally strongly supported by the gene and protein structures. Our analysis revealed that segmental duplication events were the main driving force in the evolution of CsSBP genes, and gene pairs might undergo extensive purifying selection. Further synteny analysis of the SBP members among sweet orange and other plant species provides valuable information for clarifying the CsSBP family evolutionary relationship. According to publicly available RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis from various sweet orange tissues, CsSBP genes may be expressed in different tissues and developmental stages. Gene expression analysis showed variable expression profiles of CsSBP genes under various abiotic stresses, such as high and low-temperature, salt, and wound treatments, demonstrating the potential role of SBP members in sweet orange response to abiotic stress. Noticeably, all CsSBP genes were also downregulated in sweet orange upon the infection of an important fungal pathogen Diaporthe citri. Our results provide valuable information for exploring the role of SBP-Box in sweet orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
| | - Yulin Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Weiye Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - ErPing Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zengling Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tuyong Yi
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanyun Hong
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.S.); (W.P.); (E.P.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (L.D.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (Y.H.)
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45
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Dutt M, Mahmoud LM, Chamusco K, Stanton D, Chase CD, Nielsen E, Quirico M, Yu Q, Gmitter FG, Grosser JW. Utilization of somatic fusion techniques for the development of HLB tolerant breeding resources employing the Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255842. [PMID: 34375348 PMCID: PMC8354479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Australian finger lime is a unique citrus species that has gained importance due to its unique fruit characteristics and perceived tolerance to Huanglongbing (HLB), an often-fatal disease of citrus trees. In this study, we developed allotetraploid finger lime hybrids and cybrids by utilizing somatic cell fusion techniques to fuse diploid ‘OLL8’ sweet orange or ‘Page’ tangelo callus-derived protoplasts with finger lime (FL) mesophyll-derived protoplasts. Six somatic fusions were regenerated from the ‘OLL8’ + FL fusion, while three putative cybrids were regenerated from the ‘Page’ + FL fusion. Ploidy levels and nuclear-expressed sequence tag derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers confirmed the somatic hybrid production, and mitochondrial DNA primer sets confirmed the cybrid nature. Several trees produced by the somatic fusion remained HLB negative even after 6 years of growth in an HLB-endemic environment. Pathogenesis related (PR) and other genes that are often upregulated in HLB-tolerant trees were also upregulated in our somatic fusions. These newly developed somatic fusions and cybrids could potentially be used as breeding parents to develop the next generation of improved HLB-tolerant rootstocks and scions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjul Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lamiaa M. Mahmoud
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
- Faculty of Agriculture, Pomology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Karen Chamusco
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel Stanton
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
| | - Christine D. Chase
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ethan Nielsen
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
| | - Maria Quirico
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
| | - Qibin Yu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
| | - Jude W. Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
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Lu S, Ye J, Zhu K, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Xu Q, Deng X. A Citrus Phosphate Starvation Response Factor CsPHL3 Negatively Regulates Carotenoid Metabolism. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:482-493. [PMID: 33493291 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids provide precursors for the biosynthesis of strigolactones, which are a new class of hormones that are essential in phosphate (Pi) signaling during plant development. Carotenoid metabolism is a finely tuned pathway, but our understanding of the regulation mechanisms is still limited. In this study, we isolated a protein designated as CsPHL3 from citrus. CsPHL3 belonged to the Pi starvation response factor (PHR)-like subclade and was upregulated by low Pi. Acting as a nucleus-localized protein with transactivation activity, CsPHL3 bound directly to activate the promoter of a key metabolic gene, lycopene β-cyclase1 (LCYb1). Transgenic analysis revealed that the CsPHL3-overexpressing tomato plants exhibited abnormal growth, like the plants grew under limited Pi conditions. The transgenic lines showed reduced carotenoid contents and elevated expression of LCYb genes but downregulation of other key carotenogenic genes, including phytoene synthase (PSY). Moreover, CsPHL3 induced anthocyanin biosynthesis and affected Pi signaling in the transgenic plants. We further demonstrated that the expression of PSY was negatively regulated by CsPHL3 and high Pi. It is concluded that CsPHL3 is a Pi starvation response factor that negatively regulates carotenoid metabolism by modulating the expression of carotenogenic genes. Establishment of the CsPHL3-CsLCYb1 network provides new valuable knowledge of the function and underlying mechanism of PHR transcription factors and expands our understanding of the complex regulation mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wang L, Huang Y, Liu Z, He J, Jiang X, He F, Lu Z, Yang S, Chen P, Yu H, Zeng B, Ke L, Xie Z, Larkin RM, Jiang D, Ming R, Buckler ES, Deng X, Xu Q. Somatic variations led to the selection of acidic and acidless orange cultivars. Nat Plants 2021; 7:954-965. [PMID: 34140668 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Somatic variations are a major source of genetic diversification in asexual plants, and underpin clonal evolution and the breeding of asexual crops. Sweet orange is a model species for studying somatic variation because it reproduces asexually through apomixis and is propagated asexually through grafting. To dissect the genomic basis of somatic variation, we de novo assembled a reference genome of sweet orange with an average of three gaps per chromosome and a N50 contig of 24.2 Mb, as well as six diploid genomes of somatic mutants of sweet oranges. We then sequenced 114 somatic mutants with an average genome coverage of 41×. Categorization of the somatic variations yielded insights into the single-nucleotide somatic mutations, structural variations and transposable element (TE) transpositions. We detected 877 TE insertions, and found TE insertions in the transporter or its regulatory genes associated with variation in fruit acidity. Comparative genomic analysis of sweet oranges from three diversity centres supported a dispersal from South China to the Mediterranean region and to the Americas. This study provides a global view on the somatic variations, the diversification and dispersal history of sweet orange and a set of candidate genes that will be useful for improving fruit taste and flavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - ZiAng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxian He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Fa He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuizhi Yang
- Horticulture Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Horticulture Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Horticulture Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Lingjun Ke
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Edward S Buckler
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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Feng G, Wu J, Xu Y, Lu L, Yi H. High-spatiotemporal-resolution transcriptomes provide insights into fruit development and ripening in Citrus sinensis. Plant Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1337-1353. [PMID: 33471410 PMCID: PMC8313135 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruit has a unique structure with soft leathery peel and pulp containing vascular bundles and several segments with many juice sacs. The function and morphology of each fruit tissue are different. Therefore, analysis at the organ-wide or mixed-tissue level inevitably obscures many tissue-specific phenomena. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to profile Citrus sinensis fruit development based on four fruit tissue types and six development stages from young fruits to ripe fruits. Using a coexpression network analysis, modules of coexpressed genes and hub genes of tissue-specific networks were identified. Of particular, importance is the discovery of the regulatory network of phytohormones during citrus fruit development and ripening. A model was proposed to illustrate how ABF2 mediates the ABA signalling involved in sucrose transport, chlorophyll degradation, auxin homoeostasis, carotenoid and ABA biosynthesis, and cell wall metabolism during citrus fruit development. Moreover, we depicted the detailed spatiotemporal expression patterns of the genes involved in sucrose and citric acid metabolism in citrus fruit and identified several key genes that may play crucial roles in sucrose and citric acid accumulation in the juice sac, such as SWEET15 and CsPH8. The high spatial and temporal resolution of our data provides important insights into the molecular networks underlying citrus fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Juxun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hualin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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49
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Shafique Khan F, Zeng RF, Gan ZM, Zhang JZ, Hu CG. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the WOX Gene Family in Citrus sinensis and Functional Analysis of a CsWUS Member. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4919. [PMID: 34066408 PMCID: PMC8124563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors (TFs) are well known for their role in plant development but are rarely studied in citrus. In this study, we identified 11 putative genes from the sweet orange genome and divided the citrus WOX genes into three clades (modern/WUSCHEL(WUS), intermediate, and ancient). Subsequently, we performed syntenic relationship, intron-exon organization, motif composition, and cis-element analysis. Co-expression analysis based on RNA-seq and tissue-specific expression patterns revealed that CsWOX gene expression has multiple intrinsic functions. CsWUS homolog of AtWUS functions as a transcriptional activator and binds to specific DNA. Overexpression of CsWUS in tobacco revealed dramatic phenotypic changes, including malformed leaves and reduced gynoecia with no seed development. Silencing of CsWUS in lemon using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system implied the involvement of CsWUS in cells of the plant stem. In addition, CsWUS was found to interact with CsCYCD3, an ortholog in Arabidopsis (AtCYCD3,1). Yeast one-hybrid screening and dual luciferase activity revealed that two TFs (CsRAP2.12 and CsHB22) bind to the promoter of CsWUS and regulate its expression. Altogether, these results extend our knowledge of the WOX gene family along with CsWUS function and provide valuable findings for future study on development regulation and comprehensive data of WOX members in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.S.K.); (R.-F.Z.); (Z.-M.G.)
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.S.K.); (R.-F.Z.); (Z.-M.G.)
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50
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Zou X, Du M, Liu Y, Wu L, Xu L, Long Q, Peng A, He Y, Andrade M, Chen S. CsLOB1 regulates susceptibility to citrus canker through promoting cell proliferation in citrus. Plant J 2021; 106:1039-1057. [PMID: 33754403 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Citrus sinensis lateral organ boundary 1 (CsLOB1) was previously identified as a critical disease susceptibility gene for citrus bacterial canker, which is caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). However, the molecular mechanisms of CsLOB1 in citrus response to Xcc are still elusive. Here, we constructed transgenic plants overexpressing and RNAi-silencing of CsLOB1 using the canker-disease susceptible 'wanjincheng' orange (C. sinensis Osbeck) as explants. CsLOB1-overexpressing plants exhibited dwarf phenotypes with smaller and thicker leaf, increased branches and adventitious buds clustered on stems. These phenotypes were followed by a process of pustule- and canker-like development that exhibited enhanced cell proliferation. Pectin depolymerization and expansin accumulation were enhanced by CsLOB1 overexpression, while cellulose and hemicellulose synthesis were increased by CsLOB1 silence. Whilst overexpression of CsLOB1 increased susceptibility, RNAi-silencing of CsLOB1 enhanced resistance to canker disease without impairing pathogen entry. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CsLOB1 positively regulated cell wall degradation and modification processes, cytokinin metabolism, and cell division. Additionally, 565 CsLOB1-targeted genes were identified in chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments. Motif discovery analysis revealed that the most highly overrepresented binding sites had a conserved 6-bp 'GCGGCG' consensus DNA motif. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data suggested that CsLOB1 directly activates the expression of four genes involved in cell wall remodeling, and three genes that participate in cytokinin and brassinosteroid hormone pathways. Our findings indicate that CsLOB1 promotes cell proliferation by mechanisms depending on cell wall remodeling and phytohormone signaling, which may be critical to citrus canker development and bacterial growth in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zou
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P. R. China
| | - Meixia Du
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P. R. China
| | - Yunuo Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wu
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P. R. China
| | - Lanzhen Xu
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P. R. China
| | - Qin Long
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P. R. China
| | - Aihong Peng
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P. R. China
| | - Yongrui He
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P. R. China
| | - Maxuel Andrade
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Shanchun Chen
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, P. R. China
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