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Fang X, Zhu Z, Li J, Wang X, Wei C, Zhang X, Dai Z, Liu S, Luan F. Identification of Chromosomal Regions and Candidate Genes for Round leaf Locus in Cucumis melo L. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1134. [PMID: 38674543 PMCID: PMC11054961 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Leaf morphology plays a crucial role in plant classification and provides a significant model for studying plant diversity while directly impacting photosynthetic efficiency. In the case of melons, leaf shape not only influences production and classification but also represents a key genetic trait that requires further exploration. In this study, we utilized forward genetics to pinpoint a recessive locus, dubbed Cmrl (Round leaf), which is responsible for regulating melon leaf shape. Through bulked segregant analysis sequencing and extensive evaluation of a two-year F2 population, we successfully mapped the Cmrl locus to a 537.07 kb region on chromosome 8 of the melon genome. Subsequent genetic fine-mapping efforts, leveraging a larger F2 population encompassing 1322 plants and incorporating F2:3 phenotypic data, further refined the locus to an 80.27 kb interval housing five candidate genes. Promoter analysis and coding sequence cloning confirmed that one of these candidates, MELO3C019152.2 (Cmppr encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat-containing family protein, Cmppr), stands out as a strong candidate gene for the Cmrl locus. Notably, comparisons of Cmrl expressions across various stages of leaf development and different leaf regions suggest a pivotal role of Cmrl in the morphogenesis of melon leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuezheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (C.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (C.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zuyun Dai
- Anhui Jianghuai Horticulture Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Shi Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Feishi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
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Jia P, Wang Y, Sharif R, Dong QL, Liu Y, Luan HA, Zhang XM, Guo SP, Qi GH. KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors - Hubs in a plethora of networks: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126878. [PMID: 37703987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
KNOX (KNOTTED1-like HOMEOBOX) belongs to a class of important homeobox genes, which encode the homeodomain proteins binding to the specific element of target genes, and widely participate in plant development. Advancements in genetics and molecular biology research generate a large amount of information about KNOX genes in model and non-model plants, and their functions in different developmental backgrounds are gradually becoming clear. In this review, we summarize the known and presumed functions of the KNOX gene in plants, focusing on horticultural plants and crops. The classification and structural characteristics, expression characteristics and regulation, interacting protein factors, functions, and mechanisms of KNOX genes are systematically described. Further, the current research gaps and perspectives were discussed. These comprehensive data can provide a reference for the directional improvement of agronomic traits through KNOX gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qing-Long Dong
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hao-An Luan
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Sup-Ping Guo
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guo-Hui Qi
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
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3
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Dai H, Zheng S, Zhang C, Huang R, Yuan L, Tong H. Identification and expression analysis of the KNOX genes during organogenesis and stress responseness in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1559-1578. [PMID: 37922102 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.), whose leaves are the major reproductive organs, has been cultivated and consumed widely for its economic and health benefits. The Knotted1-like Homeobox (KNOX) proteins play significant roles in leaf morphology formation and development. However, the functions of KNOX proteins in tea plants are still unknown. Here, 11 CsKNOX genes from the tea plants were cloned and divided into Class I, II, and KNATM clades based on their protein sequences. These 11 CsKNOX genes were mapped on 8 out of 15 tea plant chromosomes, all localized in the nucleus. Specific spatiotemporal expression patterns of CsKNOX genes were found in various tissues and different development periods of buds, flowers, and roots of tea plants. Meanwhile, transcript levels of CsKNOX in tea leaves were strongly correlated with the accumulation of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins. It was found that most of the CsKNOX genes could respond to drought, salt, cold, and exogenous MeJA and GA3 by analysis of transcriptomics data and promoter elements. The protein interaction analysis showed that CsKNOX could cooperate with CsAS1 and other critical functional proteins. In conclusion, this research provided the basic information for the functions of the CsKNOX family during organogenesis and stress response in tea plants, which was necessary for further functional characterization verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Nanchuan District's Agricultural Characteristic Industry Development Center of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, 408400, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyu Yuan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huarong Tong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Ye LX, Wu YM, Zhang JX, Zhang JX, Zhou H, Zeng RF, Zheng WX, Qiu MQ, Zhou JJ, Xie ZZ, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. A bZIP transcription factor (CiFD) regulates drought- and low-temperature-induced flowering by alternative splicing in citrus. J Integr Plant Biol 2023; 65:674-691. [PMID: 36250511 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought and low temperature are two key environmental factors that induce adult citrus flowering. However, the underlying regulation mechanism is poorly understood. The bZIP transcription factor FD is a key component of the florigen activation complex (FAC) which is composed of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FD, and 14-3-3 proteins. In this study, isolation and characterization of CiFD in citrus found that there was alternative splicing (AS) of CiFD, forming two different proteins (CiFDα and CiFDβ). Further investigation found that their expression patterns were similar in different tissues of citrus, but the subcellular localization and transcriptional activity were different. Overexpression of the CiFD DNA sequence (CiFD-DNA), CiFDα, or CiFDβ in tobacco and citrus showed early flowering, and CiFD-DNA transgenic plants were the earliest, followed by CiFDβ and CiFDα. Interestingly, CiFDα and CiFDβ were induced by low temperature and drought, respectively. Further analysis showed that CiFDα can form a FAC complex with CiFT, Ci14-3-3, and then bind to the citrus APETALA1 (CiAP1) promoter and promote its expression. However, CiFDβ can directly bind to the CiAP1 promoter independently of CiFT and Ci14-3-3. These results showed that CiFDβ can form a more direct and simplified pathway that is independent of the FAC complex to regulate drought-induced flowering through AS. In addition, a bHLH transcription factor (CibHLH96) binds to CiFD promoter and promotes the expression of CiFD under drought condition. Transgenic analysis found that CibHLH96 can promote flowering in transgenic tobacco. These results suggest that CiFD is involved in drought- and low-temperature-induced citrus flowering through different regulatory patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei-Xuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zong-Zhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Testone G, Caboni E, D'Angeli S, Altamura MM, Giannino D. Prunus Knotted-like Genes: Genome-Wide Analysis, Transcriptional Response to Cytokinin in Micropropagation, and Rootstock Transformation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36769369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Knotted1-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors are involved in plant development, playing complex roles in aerial organs. As Prunus species include important fruit tree crops of Italy, an exhaustive investigation of KNOX genes was performed using genomic and RNA-seq meta-analyses. Micropropagation is an essential technology for rootstock multiplication; hence, we investigated KNOX transcriptional behavior upon increasing 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) doses and the effects on GF677 propagules. Moreover, gene function in Prunus spp. was assessed by Gisela 6 rootstock transformation using fluorescence and peach KNOX transgenes. Based on ten Prunus spp., KNOX proteins fit into I-II-M classes named after Arabidopsis. Gene number, class member distribution, and chromosome positions were maintained, and exceptions supported the diversification of Prunus from Cerasus subgenera, and that of Armeniaca from the other sections within Prunus. Cytokinin (CK) cis-elements occurred in peach and almond KNOX promoters, suggesting a BA regulatory role in GF677 shoot multiplication as confirmed by KNOX expression variation dependent on dose, time, and interaction. The tripled BA concentration exacerbated stress, altered CK perception genes, and modified KNOX transcriptions, which are proposed to concur in in vitro anomalies. Finally, Gisela 6 transformation efficiency varied (2.6-0.6%) with the genetic construct, with 35S:GFP being more stable than 35S:KNOPE1 lines, which showed leaf modification typical of KNOX overexpression.
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Zhou H, Zeng RF, Liu TJ, Ai XY, Ren MK, Zhou JJ, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. Drought and low temperature-induced NF-YA1 activates FT expression to promote citrus flowering. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:3505-3522. [PMID: 36117312 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flower induction in adult citrus is mainly regulated by drought and low temperatures. However, the mechanism of FLOWERING LOCUS T regulation of citrus flowering (CiFT) under two flower-inductive stimuli remains largely unclear. In this study, a citrus transcription factor, nuclear factor YA (CiNF-YA1), was found to specifically bind to the CiFT promoter by forming a complex with CiNF-YB2 and CiNF-YC2 to activate CiFT expression. CiNF-YA1 was induced in juvenile citrus by low temperature and drought treatments. Overexpression of CiNF-YA1 increased drought susceptibility in transgenic citrus, whereas suppression of CiNF-YA1 enhanced drought tolerance in silenced citrus plants. Furthermore, a GOLDEN2 - LIKE protein (CiFE) that interacts with CiFT protein was also isolated. Further experimental evidence showed that CiFE binds to the citrus LEAFY (CiLFY) promoter and activates its expression. In addition, the expressions of CiNF-YA1 and CiFE showed a seasonal increase during the floral induction period and were induced by artificial drought and low-temperature treatments at which floral induction occurred. These results indicate that CiNF-YA1 may activate CiFT expression in response to drought and low temperatures by binding to the CiFT promoter. CiFT then forms a complex with CiFE to activate CiLFY, thereby promoting the flowering of adult citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ai
- Institute of Pomology and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Ke Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Xu YY, Zeng RF, Zhou H, Qiu MQ, Gan ZM, Yang YL, Hu SF, Zhou JJ, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. Citrus FRIGIDA cooperates with its interaction partner dehydrin to regulate drought tolerance. Plant J 2022; 111:164-182. [PMID: 35460135 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental stress that severely affects plant growth and crop productivity. FRIGIDA (FRI) is a key regulator of flowering time and drought tolerance in model plants. However, little is known regarding its functions in woody plants, including citrus. Thus, we explored the functional role of the citrus FRI ortholog (CiFRI) under drought. Drought treatment induced CiFRI expression. CiFRI overexpression enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and citrus, while CiFRI suppression increased drought susceptibility in citrus. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling under drought conditions suggested that CiFRI overexpression altered the expression of numerous genes involved in the stress response, hormone biosynthesis, and signal transduction. Mechanistic studies revealed that citrus dehydrin likely protects CiFRI from stress-induced degradation, thereby enhancing plant drought tolerance. In addition, a citrus brassinazole-resistant (BZR) transcription factor family member (CiBZR1) directly binds to the CiFRI promoter to activate its expression under drought conditions. CiBZR1 also enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and citrus. These findings further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the CiFRI-mediated drought stress response in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Si-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Zeng RF, Fu LM, Deng L, Liu MF, Gan ZM, Zhou H, Hu SF, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. CiKN1 and CiKN6 are involved in leaf development in citrus by regulating CimiR164. Plant J 2022; 110:828-848. [PMID: 35165956 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li-Ming Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Si-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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9
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Wu YM, Ma YJ, Wang M, Zhou H, Gan ZM, Zeng RF, Ye LX, Zhou JJ, Zhang JZ, Hu CG. Mobility of FLOWERING LOCUS T protein as a systemic signal in trifoliate orange and its low accumulation in grafted juvenile scions. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhac056. [PMID: 35702366 PMCID: PMC9186307 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The long juvenile period of perennial woody plants is a major constraint in breeding programs. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein is an important mobile florigen signal that induces plant flowering. However, whether FT can be transported in woody plants to shorten the juvenile period is unknown, and its transport mechanism remains unclear. In this study, trifoliate orange FT (ToFT) and Arabidopsis FT (AtFT, which has been confirmed to be transportable in Arabidopsis) as a control were transformed into tomato and trifoliate orange, and early flowering was induced in the transgenic plants. Long-distance and two-way (upward and downward) transmission of ToFT and AtFT proteins was confirmed in both tomato and trifoliate orange using grafting and western blot analysis. However, rootstocks of transgenic trifoliate orange could not induce flowering in grafted wild-type juvenile scions because of the low accumulation of total FT protein in the grafted scions. It was further confirmed that endogenous ToFT protein was reduced in trifoliate orange, and the accumulation of the transported ToFT and AtFT proteins was lower than that in grafted juvenile tomato scions. Furthermore, the trifoliate orange FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN1 homolog (ToFTIP1) was isolated by yeast two-hybrid analysis. The FTIP1 homolog may regulate FT transport by interacting with FT in tomato and trifoliate orange. Our findings suggest that FT transport may be conserved between the tomato model and woody plants. However, in woody plants, the transported FT protein did not accumulate in significant amounts in the grafted wild-type juvenile scions and induce the scions to flower.
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Conti G, Xoconostle-Cázares B, Marcelino-Pérez G, Hopp HE, Reyes CA. Citrus Genetic Transformation: An Overview of the Current Strategies and Insights on the New Emerging Technologies. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:768197. [PMID: 34917104 PMCID: PMC8670418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.768197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Citrus are among the most prevailing fruit crops produced worldwide. The implementation of effective and reliable breeding programs is essential for coping with the increasing demands of satisfactory yield and quality of the fruit as well as to deal with the negative impact of fast-spreading diseases. Conventional methods are time-consuming and of difficult application because of inherent factors of citrus biology, such as their prolonged juvenile period and a complex reproductive stage, sometimes presenting infertility, self-incompatibility, parthenocarpy, or polyembryony. Moreover, certain desirable traits are absent from cultivated or wild citrus genotypes. All these features are challenging for the incorporation of the desirable traits. In this regard, genetic engineering technologies offer a series of alternative approaches that allow overcoming the difficulties of conventional breeding programs. This review gives a detailed overview of the currently used strategies for the development of genetically modified citrus. We describe different aspects regarding genotype varieties used, including elite cultivars or extensively used scions and rootstocks. Furthermore, we discuss technical aspects of citrus genetic transformation procedures via Agrobacterium, regular physical methods, and magnetofection. Finally, we describe the selection of explants considering young and mature tissues, protoplast isolation, etc. We also address current protocols and novel approaches for improving the in vitro regeneration process, which is an important bottleneck for citrus genetic transformation. This review also explores alternative emerging transformation strategies applied to citrus species such as transient and tissue localized transformation. New breeding technologies, including cisgenesis, intragenesis, and genome editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), are also discussed. Other relevant aspects comprising new promoters and reporter genes, marker-free systems, and strategies for induction of early flowering, are also addressed. We provided a future perspective on the use of current and new technologies in citrus and its potential impact on regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Conti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Marcelino-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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