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Muhammad I, Pan S, Elken EM, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Kong L, Ma H. Antibiotic resistance of probiotics isolated from Chinese corn stover silage. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2165088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inam Muhammad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shrengal, Pakistan
| | - Siyu Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Emad Mohammed Elken
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingcong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Dekham K, Jones SM, Jitrakorn S, Charoonnart P, Thadtapong N, Intuy R, Dubbs P, Siripattanapipong S, Saksmerprome V, Chaturongakul S. Functional and genomic characterization of a novel probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii KD1 against shrimp WSSV infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21610. [PMID: 38062111 PMCID: PMC10703779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
White Spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes rapid shrimp mortality and production loss worldwide. This study demonstrates potential use of Lactobacillus johnsonii KD1 as an anti-WSSV agent for post larva shrimp cultivation and explores some potential mechanisms behind the anti-WSSV properties. Treatment of Penaeus vannamei shrimps with L. johnsonii KD1 prior to oral challenge with WSSV-infected tissues showed a significantly reduced mortality. In addition, WSSV copy numbers were not detected and shrimp immune genes were upregulated. Genomic analysis of L. johnsonii KD1 based on Illumina and Nanopore platforms revealed a 1.87 Mb chromosome and one 15.4 Kb plasmid. Only one antimicrobial resistance gene (ermB) in the chromosome was identified. Phylogenetic analysis comparing L. johnsonii KD1 to other L. johnsonii isolates revealed that L. johnsonii KD1 is closely related to L. johnsonii GHZ10a isolated from wild pigs. Interestingly, L. johnsonii KD1 contains isolate-specific genes such as genes involved in a type I restriction-modification system and CAZymes belonging to the GT8 family. Furthermore, genes coding for probiotic survival and potential antimicrobial/anti-viral metabolites such as a homolog of the bacteriocin helveticin-J were found. Protein-protein docking modelling suggests the helveticin-J homolog may be able to block VP28-PmRab7 interactions and interrupt WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Dekham
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Samuel Merryn Jones
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Sarocha Jitrakorn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Patai Charoonnart
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nalumon Thadtapong
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Rattanaporn Intuy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Padungsri Dubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Vanvimon Saksmerprome
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Ojha AK, Shah NP, Mishra V, Emanuel N, Taneja NK. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented Indian food products. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:2131-2143. [PMID: 37860739 PMCID: PMC10581985 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) raises questions on qualified presumptive safety status and poses challenge of AMR transmission in food milieu. This study focuses on isolation, identification and characterization of AMR in LAB prevalent in traditional fermented Indian food products. The analysis of 16SrRNA based phylogenetic tree showed placements of isolates among four different genera Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Weissella and Leuconostoc. In E-strip gradient test of susceptibility to 14 different antibiotics, over 50% of isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, kanamycin, linezolid, streptomycin, trimethoprim and vancomycin. A multivariate principal component analysis, an antibiogram and multiple antibiotic resistance index-values (> 0.2) indicated presence of multidrug-resistance among the isolates. This study reports prevalence of an alarmingly high rate of AMR LAB strains in traditional fermented foods and is important to regulators and public health authorities for developing strategies to control transmission in food systems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01305-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Ojha
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat, Haryana 131028 India
| | - Nagendra Prasad Shah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat, Haryana 131028 India
| | - Neela Emanuel
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat, Haryana 131028 India
| | - Neetu Kumra Taneja
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat, Haryana 131028 India
- Centre for Advanced Translational Research in Food Nanobiotechnology (CATR-FNB), NIFTEM, Sonepat, Haryana 131028 India
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Zhang Z, Zhao L, Wu J, Pan Y, Zhao G, Li Z, Zhang L. The Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii on Diseases and Its Potential Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2580. [PMID: 37894238 PMCID: PMC10609197 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus johnsonii has been used as a probiotic for decades to treat a wide range of illnesses, and has been found to have specific advantages in the treatment of a number of ailments. We reviewed the potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of L. johnsonii in various diseases based on PubMed and the Web of Science databases. We obtained the information of 149 L. johnsonii from NCBI (as of 14 February 2023), and reviewed their comprehensive metadata, including information about the plasmids they contain. This review provides a basic characterization of different L. johnsonii and some of their potential therapeutic properties for various ailments. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, it is hoped that they may provide some evidence for future studies. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance of the various strains of L. johnsonii is not clear, and more complete and in-depth studies are needed. In summary, L. johnsonii presents significant research potential for the treatment or prevention of disease; however, more proof is required to justify its therapeutic application. An additional study on the antibiotic resistance genes it contains is also needed to reduce the antimicrobial resistance dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Lanlan Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yingmiao Pan
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
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Duche RT, Singh A, Wandhare AG, Sangwan V, Sihag MK, Nwagu TNT, Panwar H, Ezeogu LI. Antibiotic resistance in potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria of fermented foods and human origin from Nigeria. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:142. [PMID: 37208603 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Probiotic lactobacilli are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and are being used in several food and pharma formulations. However, growing concern of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains of food origin and its possible transmission via functional foods is increasingly being emphasized. OBJECTIVES This study screened potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains for their phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles. METHODS Susceptibility to different antibiotics was assayed by the Kirby Bauer standard disc diffusion protocol. Both conventional and SYBR-RTq-PCR were used for detection of resistance coding genes. RESULTS A variable susceptibility pattern was documented against different antibiotic classes. LAB strains irrespective of origin displayed marked phenotypic resistance against cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, quinolones, glycopeptides; and methicillin among beta-lactams with few exceptions. In contrast, high sensitivity was recorded against macrolides, sulphonamides and carbapenems sub-group of beta-lactams with some variations. parC, associated with ciprofloxacin resistance was detected in 76.5% of the strains. Other prevalent resistant determinants observed were aac(6?)Ii (42.1%), ermB, ermC (29.4%), and tetM (20.5%). Six (?17.6%) of the isolates were free from genetic resistance determinants screened in this study. CONCLUSION Study revealed presence of antibiotic resistance determinants among lactobacilli from both fermented foods and human sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael T Duche
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi-Nigeria, Makurdi, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
- UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Arundhati Ganesh Wandhare
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Sangwan
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Manvesh Kumar Sihag
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Tochukwu N T Nwagu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Lewis I Ezeogu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria.
- UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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Dec M, Łagowski D, Nowak T, Pietras-Ożga D, Herman K. Serotypes, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Genotypic Virulence Profiles and SpaA Variants of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains Isolated from Pigs in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030409. [PMID: 36986331 PMCID: PMC10058941 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains isolated from diseased pigs in Poland and comparison of the SpaA (Surface protective antigen A) sequence of wild-type strains with the sequence of the R32E11 vaccine strain. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the broth microdilution method. Resistance genes, virulence genes, and serotype determinants were detected using PCR. The gyrA and spaA amplicons were sequenced to determine nonsynonymous mutations. The E. rhusiopathiae isolates (n = 14) represented serotypes 1b (42.8%), 2 (21.4%), 5 (14.3%), 6 (7.1%), 8 (7.1%), and N (7.1%). All strains were susceptible to β-lactams, macrolides and florfenicol. One isolate showed resistance to lincosamides and tiamulin, and most strains were resistant to tetracycline and enrofloxacin. High MIC values of gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, and rifampicin were recorded for all isolates. Phenotypic resistance was correlated with the presence of the tetM, int-Tn, lasE, and lnuB genes. Resistance to enrofloxacin was due to a mutation in the gyrA gene. All strains contained the spaA gene and several other genes putatively involved in pathogenesis (nanH.1, nanH.2, intl, sub, hlyA, fbpA, ERH_1356, cpsA, algI, rspA and rspB) Seven variants of the SpaA protein were found in the tested strains, and a relationship between the structure of SpaA and the serotype was noted. E. rhusiopathiae strains occurring in pigs in Poland are diverse in terms of serotype and SpaA variant and differ antigenically from the R32E11 vaccine strain. Beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, or phenicols should be the first choice for treatment of swine erysipelas in Poland. However, due to the small number of tested strains, this conclusion should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-60-32
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Diagnostic Veterinary Laboratory Vet-Lab Brudzew Dr. Piotr Kwieciński, Department of Molecular Biology, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Herman
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Zawistowska-Rojek A, Kociszewska A, Zaręba T, Tyski S. New Potentially Probiotic Strains Isolated from Humans – Comparison of Properties with Strains from Probiotic Products and ATCC Collection. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:395-409. [DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are used in various types of probiotic products. Due to the constantly growing probiotics market, new strains with pro-health properties are sought. The present study compared 39 strains of Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, and Lactiplantibacillus, isolated from probiotic products and healthy people. The current research aimed to search for new, potentially probiotic strains. For this purpose the relationship between Lactobacillaceae strains was carried out; moreover, the basic properties of probiotic microorganisms, such as survival at low pH and bile salt environment, antibiotic susceptibility, aggregation and antagonism were estimated. The properties of these isolates were also compared with the properties of probiotic strains from the ATCC collection. In comparing the genetic relationship (PFGE method) between the tested isolates, it was observed that some of them show a high degree of similarity. All tested strains tolerated an environment with a pH value of 3.0, and the addition of 0.3% bile salt; showed auto-aggregation properties and displayed antagonism against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, the bacteria were susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ampicillin; the resistance to vancomycin
depended on the bacteria type. All the properties were strain-depended. Most of the tested strains had properties comparable to the reference strains. Three L. acidophilus strains isolated from cervical swabs seem to be promising candidates for probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawistowska-Rojek
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kociszewska
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Zaręba
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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Li Y, Yang Y, Ma L, Liu J, An Q, Zhang C, Yin G, Cao Z, Pan H. Comparative Analyses of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Jejunum Microbiota of Pigs in Different Areas. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887428. [PMID: 35719330 PMCID: PMC9204423 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging environmental contaminants that threaten human and animal health. Intestinal microbiota may be an important ARGs repository, and intensive animal farming is a likely contributor to the environmental burden of ARGs. Using metagenomic sequencing, we investigated the structure, function, and drug resistance of the jejunal microbial community in Landrace (LA, Kunming), Saba (SB, Kunming), Dahe (DH, Qujing), and Diannan small-ear piglets (DS, Xishuangbanna) from different areas in Yunnan Province, China. Remarkable differences in jejunal microbial diversity among the different pig breeds, while the microbial composition of pig breeds in close areas tends to be similar. Functional analysis showed that there were abundant metabolic pathways and carbohydrate enzymes in all samples. In total, 32,487 ARGs were detected in all samples, which showed resistance to 38 categories of drugs. The abundance of ARGs in jejunum was not significantly different between LA and SB from the same area, but significantly different between DS, DH and LA or SB from different areas. Therefore, the abundance of ARGs was little affected by pig breeds and microorganism community structure, but it was closely related to geographical location. In addition, as a probiotic, Lactobacillus amylovorus is also an important ARGs producing bacterium. Our results revealed the antibiotic exposure and intestinal microbial resistance of farms in the study areas, which could provide basic knowledge and potential strategies for rational use of antibiotics and reducing the risk of ARGs transmission in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institiute of Animal husbandry, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingcong An
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Gefen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenhui Cao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Zhu Y, Yang W, Schwarz S, Xu Q, Yang Q, Wang L, Liu S, Zhang W. Characterization of an MDR Lactobacillus salivarius isolate harbouring the phenicol-oxazolidinone-tetracycline resistance gene poxtA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2125-2129. [PMID: 35640656 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the oxazolidinone resistance gene poxtA in a Lactobacillus salivarius isolate of pig origin. METHODS L. salivarius isolate BNS11 was investigated for the presence of mobile oxazolidinone resistance genes by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution. Transfer experiments were conducted to assess horizontal transferability of the gene poxtA. WGS was carried out using a combination of Oxford Nanopore MinION/Illumina HiSeq platforms. The presence of translocatable units (TUs) carrying resistance genes was studied by PCR assays and subsequent sequence analysis. RESULTS L. salivarius isolate BNS11 was positive for poxtA. WGS showed that it harboured two gene copies each of the poxtA and the fexB genes, which were located on the broad-host-range Inc18 plasmid pBNS11-37kb and in the chromosomal DNA, respectively. The plasmid-borne poxtA gene together with the genes fexB, vat(E) and erm(C) were located in an MDR region on plasmid pBNS11-37kb. Analysis of the genetic context showed that an approx. 11 kb poxtA-fexB fragment was integrated into the chromosomal DNA and two novel IS elements ISLasa1 and ISLasa2 were identified in this inserted fragment. PCR assays revealed that five different IS1216E-based TUs carrying the resistance genes poxtA, fexB, vat(E) or erm(C) were formed. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the transferable oxazolidinone resistance gene poxtA in the genus Lactobacillus. In addition, the presence of IS1216E-based TUs will contribute to the persistence and accelerate the dissemination of resistance genes, including poxtA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wenlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Qiu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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10
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Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in lactobacilli: something to carefully consider. Food Microbiol 2022; 103:103934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Antimicrobial resistance determinants in silage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5243. [PMID: 35347213 PMCID: PMC8960843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal products may play a role in developing and spreading antimicrobial resistance in several ways. On the one hand, residues of antibiotics not adequately used in animal farming can enter the human body via food. However, resistant bacteria may also be present in animal products, which can transfer the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) to the bacteria in the consumer’s body by horizontal gene transfer. As previous studies have shown that fermented foods have a meaningful ARG content, it is indicated that such genes may also be present in silage used as mass feed in the cattle sector. In our study, we aspired to answer what ARGs occur in silage and what mobility characteristics they have? For this purpose, we have analyzed bioinformatically 52 freely available deep sequenced silage samples from shotgun metagenome next-generation sequencing. A total of 16 perfect matched ARGs occurred 54 times in the samples. More than half of these ARGs are mobile because they can be linked to integrative mobile genetic elements, prophages or plasmids. Our results point to a neglected but substantial ARG source in the food chain.
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Jeżak K, Kozajda A. Occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on animal farms and in their vicinity in Poland and Ukraine-review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9533-9559. [PMID: 34870776 PMCID: PMC8783842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Intensive animal farming emits to the environment very high concentrations of bioaerosol, mainly composed of microorganisms, including antibiotics resistant strains, and their derivatives. Poland is a significant producer of poultry and swine in Europe; Ukraine is located in the immediate vicinity of Poland and the EU. Thus, the review focuses on the presence of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial genes in the environment of farms and food of animal origin in Poland and Ukraine. Existing data confirms presence of these bacteria in the food animal origin chain environment in both countries. However, it is difficult to compare the scale of multidrug-resistant bacteria (e.g. MRSA, ESBL) dissemination in Poland and Ukraine with other EU countries due to lack of more extensive studies and large-scale monitoring in these two countries. A series of studies concerning resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from livestock environment have been published in Poland but usually on single farms with a very limited number of samples, and without a genotypic drug resistance marking. From Ukraine are available only few reports, but also disturbing. The risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria transmission does not only concern animal farming, but also other facilities of animal origin food supply chains, especially slaughterhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jeżak
- Biological Safety Unit, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Str, 91-348, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Kozajda
- Biological Safety Unit, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Str, 91-348, Łódź, Poland
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13
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Virulence Profiles and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Strains from Pet Reptiles. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020127. [PMID: 35215071 PMCID: PMC8880193 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exotic reptiles are increasingly being bred as pets in many countries around the world, including Poland. However, the close contact between reptiles and their owners provides favourable conditions for the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. In this work, we examined E. coli isolates from 67 captive reptiles regarding their virulence, antibiotic susceptibility, phylogenetic affiliation, and genetic diversity. The incidence of E. coli was highest in snakes (51.6%, 16 isolates/31 samples), and slightly lower in turtles (44.4%, 8/18) and lizards (44.4%, 8/18). Genes encoding virulence factors were confirmed in 50% of isolates and the most common were the traT (37.5%, n = 12), fyuA (21.87%, n = 7), and irp-2 (15.62%, n = 5). The majority (71.87%, n = 23) of E. coli isolates were susceptible to all of the antimicrobial substances used in the study. Streptomycin resistance (21.87%, n = 7) was the most frequent, while resistance to other antimicrobial substances was sporadic. One strain (3.12%) was classified as multidrug-resistant. The presence of resistance genes (aadA, tetA, tetB, tetM, and blaTEM) was confirmed in 12.5% (n = 4) of the isolates. The majority (65.6%, n = 21) of E. coli isolates represented the B1 phylogenetic group. (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting showed considerable genetic variation in the pool of tested isolates. The frequency of E. coli in reptiles is much lower than in mammals or birds. Due to the presence of virulence genes, characteristic of both intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), reptilian strains of E. coli have pathogenic potential, and therefore people in contact with these animals should follow good hygiene practices.
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Wang Y, Dong J, Wang J, Chi W, Zhou W, Tian Q, Hong Y, Zhou X, Ye H, Tian X, Hu R, Wong A. Assessing the drug resistance profiles of oral probiotic lozenges. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2019992. [PMID: 35024089 PMCID: PMC8745366 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2019992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic lozenges have been developed to harvest the benefits of probiotics for oral health, but their long-term consumption may encourage the transfer of resistance genes from probiotics to commensals, and eventually to disease-causing bacteria. Aim To screen commercial probiotic lozenges for resistance to antibiotics, characterize the resistance determinants, and examine their transferability in vitro. Results Probiotics of all lozenges were resistant to glycopeptide, sulfonamide, and penicillin antibiotics, while some were resistant to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. High minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected for streptomycin (>128 µg/mL) and chloramphenicol (> 512 µg/mL) for all probiotics but only one was resistant to piperacillin (MIC = 32 µg/mL). PCR analysis detected erythromycin (erm(T), ermB or mefA) and fluoroquinolone (parC or gyr(A)) resistance genes in some lozenges although there were no resistant phenotypes. The dfrD, cat-TC, vatE, aadE, vanX, and aph(3")-III or ant(2")-I genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, and streptomycin, respectively, were detected in resistant probiotics. The rifampicin resistance gene rpoB was also present. We found no conjugal transfer of streptomycin resistance genes in our co-incubation experiments. Conclusion Our study represents the first antibiotic resistance profiling of probiotics from oral lozenges, thus highlighting the health risk especially in the prevailing threat of drug resistance globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingya Dong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiwen Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hailv Ye
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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15
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Alomari MMM, Dec M, Nowaczek A, Puchalski A, Wernicki A, Kowalski C, Urban-Chmiel R. Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effect of the Experimental Bacteriophage Treatment to Control Diarrhea Caused by E. coli in Newborn Calves. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2093-2101. [PMID: 33818076 PMCID: PMC8369487 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The prevalence of
antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing neonatal
diarrhea in calves has become a serious problem in the control of
infection. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, bacteriophages
with probiotics are considered the best alternative. The aim of the
study was to evaluate the use of a suppository containing probiotic
strains of Lactobacillus spp. and bacteriophages
specific for pathogenic E. coli in young calves
with diarrhea. The study evaluated therapeutic and prophylactic effects
(specific and nonspecific humoral response). The study was carried
out on 24 female HF calves, aged 2 to 7 days and weighing from 35
to 46 kg. The calves were divided into four groups (n = 6) as follows: Group 1, healthy control that received no medicine;
Group 2, positive control with diarrhea; Group 3, healthy calves that
received medicine; Group 4, calves with diarrhea that received medicine.
The animals received suppositories containing Lactobacillus spp. and bacteriophages specific for pathogenic E. coli for 5 days. On the first day, the calves received the suppositories
twice—in the morning and 12 h later; subsequently they were
administered once a day. The health status of the calves was observed
for 11 days after the first application of suppositories. A protective
and preventive effect of the experimental therapy was obtained in
the research. The probiotic-phage suppositories reduced the duration
of diarrhea in calves, completely eliminating it within 24–48
h after use. The therapy stimulated the activation of immune mechanisms
in calves, which translated into an enhanced specific and nonspecific
response and increased resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mijbas M. Alomari
- University of Al Muthanna, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Al Sumawy City Main Street, Al Muthanna 66001, Iraq
| | - Marta Dec
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Nowaczek
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Puchalski
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wernicki
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary Kowalski
- Sub-Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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16
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Salah AN, Elleboudy NS, El-Housseiny GS, Yassien MA. Cloning and sequencing of lsaE efflux pump gene from MDR Enterococci and its role in erythromycin resistance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 94:105010. [PMID: 34293480 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci are opportunistic members of intestinal microbiota with notable ability to transmit antimicrobial resistance genes. Among the different resistance mechanisms, multidrug efflux is evolving as a huge problem in conferring multidrug resistance to bacterial cells because these pumps extrude a broad range of antimicrobials. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate role of efflux pumps in the development of multi-drug resistance in Enterococci through studying the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterococci isolates, phenotypically and genotypically investigating the role of active efflux pumps in development of resistance, in addition to characterizing the most common efflux pump genes. The study involved the recovery of 149 Enterococci isolates from specimens of patients suffering infections in some hospitals in Egypt. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of isolates showed that only 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to each of linezolid, daptomycin, and fosfomycin. The highest resistance was to ampicillin (60.4%) while 47 of the isolates (31.54%) were found to be multidrug-resistant. Efflux pumps have shown to have a significant role in erythromycin resistance in 11 isolates (23.4% of MDR isolates) as indicated by an 8 or more fold decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide m- chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). End point PCR was used to detect efflux pump genes lsaE, msrC, and mefA in the 11 isolates at which efflux pumps were found to play a significant role in resistance. Nine out of the 11 isolates (81.8%) were found to carry lsaE gene. This gene was inserted into pUC21 vector and cloned into DH5α E. coli resulting in successful transformation and expression of erythromycin resistance in this host. Finally, sequencing of the lsaE gene was carried out. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the cloning of lsaE gene from MDR Enterococcus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram N Salah
- Experimental and Advanced Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Organization of African Unity St. Abbassia, POB: 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nooran S Elleboudy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Organization of African Unity St. Abbassia, POB: 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Organization of African Unity St. Abbassia, POB: 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Yassien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Organization of African Unity St. Abbassia, POB: 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Stefańska I, Kwiecień E, Jóźwiak-Piasecka K, Garbowska M, Binek M, Rzewuska M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains of Potential Use as Feed Additives - The Basic Safety and Usefulness Criterion. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:687071. [PMID: 34277757 PMCID: PMC8281277 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.687071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of resistance to antibiotics is a major health concern worldwide due to the increasing rate of isolation of multidrug resistant pathogens hampering the treatment of infections. The food chain has been recognized as one of the key routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans. Considering that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could act as a reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance genes, LAB strains intended to be used as feed additives should be monitored for their safety. Sixty-five LAB strains which might be potentially used as probiotic feed additives or silage inoculants, were assessed for susceptibility to eight clinically relevant antimicrobials by a minimum inhibitory concentration determination. Among antimicrobial resistant strains, a prevalence of selected genes associated with the acquired resistance was investigated. Nineteen LAB strains displayed phenotypic resistance to one antibiotic, and 15 strains were resistant to more than one of the tested antibiotics. The resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines were the most prevalent and were found in 37 and 26% of the studied strains, respectively. Phenotypic resistance to other antimicrobials was found in single strains. Determinants related to resistance phenotypes were detected in 15 strains as follows, the aph(3″)-IIIa gene in 9 strains, the lnu(A) gene in three strains, the str(A)-str(B), erm(B), msr(C), and tet(M) genes in two strains and the tet(K) gene in one strain. The nucleotide sequences of the detected genes revealed homology to the sequences of the transmissible resistance genes found in lactic acid bacteria as well as pathogenic bacteria. Our study highlights that LAB may be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants, thus, the first and key step in considering the usefulness of LAB strains as feed additives should be an assessment of their antibiotic resistance. This safety criterion should always precede more complex studies, such as an assessment of adaptability of a strain or its beneficial effect on a host. These results would help in the selection of the best LAB strains for use as feed additives. Importantly, presented data can be useful for revising the current microbiological cut-off values within the genus Lactobacillus and Pediococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Stefańska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kwiecień
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak-Piasecka
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Garbowska
- Division of Milk Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marian Binek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Ojha AK, Shah NP, Mishra V. Conjugal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistances in Lactobacillus spp. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2839-2849. [PMID: 34076710 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria which are Gram-positive, facultative anaerobes and non-motile, non-spore forming, with varied shapes from cocci to coccobacilli and bacilli. Lactobacillus is the largest and most widely used bacterial species amongst LAB in fermented foods and beverages. The genus is a common member of human gut microbiome. Several species are known to provide benefits to the human gut via synergistic interactions with the gut microbiome and their ability to survive the gut environment. This ability to confer positive health effects provide them a status of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganisms. Due to their various beneficial characteristics, other factors such as their resistance acquisition were overlooked. Overuse of antibiotics has made certain bacteria develop resistance against these drugs. Antibiotic resistance was found to be acquired mainly through conjugation which is a type of lateral gene transfer. Several in vitro methods of conjugation have been discussed previously depending on their success to transfer resistance. In this review, we have addressed methods that are employed to study the transfer of resistance genes using the conjugation phenomenon in lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Ojha
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Nagendra Prasad Shah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India.
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19
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Dec M, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Puchalski A, Hauschild T, Pietras-Ożga D, Ignaciuk S, Urban-Chmiel R. Biodiversity of Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strains from Poultry and Domestic Pigeons. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040972. [PMID: 33807321 PMCID: PMC8065712 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ligilactobcillus salivarius is a Gram-positive bacterium that commonly colonizes the mucous membranes of the digestive tracts of humans and animals, including birds. It belongs to the group of lactic acid bacteria which, by producing lactic acid, acidify the intestinal environment and limit the development of undesirable intestinal microflora. In addition, L. salivarius can produce other antimicrobial substances, such as bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxide. Due to limiting the development of unfavourable microflora and other health-promoting effects, L. salivarius bacteria are considered as potential probiotics that may increase animal health, and thus animal production indicators. In this work, we undertook research on the characteristics of L. salivarius strains from chickens, geese, turkeys and domestic pigeons. We showed great variation in phenotypic and genotypic traits between strains and the evolutionary adaptation of L. salivarius strains to the colonization of a specific host. The results of the study contribute to knowledge of the characteristics of the species L. salivarius and may be useful in the selection of probiotic strains. Abstract Ligilactobacillus salivarius is an important member of the human and animal gut microbiota, and selected strains are promising probiotics, but knowledge of the characteristics of avian isolates is still limited. In this study, we examined selected phenotypic and genotypic traits of 33 L. salivarius strains from geese, chickens, turkeys and pigeons. The strains varied in terms of cell size, colony morphology, broth growth characteristics, biofilm formation, tolerance to bile, hydrophobicity and phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles. Large variation among strains was noted for the utilization of sorbitol, salicin, trehalose, rhamnose, inulin and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The presence of genes related to sugar metabolism, i.e., mipB, tktA, rhaB and LSL_1894, was not always correlated with the biochemical phenotypic profile. Correlations were recorded between the host and utilization of certain sugars as well as tolerance to bile. The repA-type megaplasmid and genes coding for Abp118 bacteriocin were detected in 94% and 51.5% of L. salivarius strains, respectively. Phylogeny based on groEL gene sequences was partly correlated with the origin of the strains and revealed an evolutionary distance between L. salivarius strains from humans and birds. The results of the study contribute to knowledge of the characteristics of the species L. salivarius. Intraspecies variations of L. salivarius strains may affect their ability to colonize specific niches and utilize nutrients and reveal potential strain-dependent effects on host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (D.S.-P.); (A.P.)
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (D.S.-P.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrzej Puchalski
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (D.S.-P.); (A.P.)
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Szymon Ignaciuk
- Sub-Department of Mathematics, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (D.S.-P.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814-456-036
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20
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Duarte ASR, Röder T, Van Gompel L, Petersen TN, Hansen RB, Hansen IM, Bossers A, Aarestrup FM, Wagenaar JA, Hald T. Metagenomics-Based Approach to Source-Attribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants - Identification of Reservoir Resistome Signatures. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:601407. [PMID: 33519742 PMCID: PMC7843941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics can unveil the genetic content of the total microbiota in different environments, such as food products and the guts of humans and livestock. It is therefore considered of great potential to investigate the transmission of foodborne hazards as part of source-attribution studies. Source-attribution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has traditionally relied on pathogen isolation, while metagenomics allows investigating the full span of AMR determinants. In this study, we hypothesized that the relative abundance of fecal resistome components can be associated with specific reservoirs, and that resistomes can be used for AMR source-attribution. We used shotgun-sequences from fecal samples of pigs, broilers, turkeys- and veal calves collected across Europe, and fecal samples from humans occupationally exposed to livestock in one country (pig slaughterhouse workers, pig and broiler farmers). We applied both hierarchical and flat forms of the supervised classification ensemble algorithm Random Forests to classify resistomes into corresponding reservoir classes. We identified country-specific and -independent AMR determinants, and assessed the impact of country-specific determinants when attributing AMR resistance in humans. Additionally, we performed a similarity percentage analysis with the full spectrum of AMR determinants to identify resistome signatures for the different reservoirs. We showed that the number of AMR determinants necessary to attribute a resistome into the correct reservoir increases with a larger reservoir heterogeneity, and that the impact of country-specific resistome signatures on prediction varies between countries. We predicted a higher occupational exposure to AMR determinants among workers exposed to pigs than among those exposed to broilers. Additionally, results suggested that AMR exposure on pig farms was higher than in pig slaughterhouses. Human resistomes were more similar to pig and veal calves’ resistomes than to those of broilers and turkeys, and the majority of these resistome dissimilarities can be explained by a small set of AMR determinants. We identified resistome signatures for each individual reservoir, which include AMR determinants significantly associated with on-farm antimicrobial use. We attributed human resistomes to different livestock reservoirs using Random Forests, which allowed identifying pigs as a potential source of AMR in humans. This study thus demonstrates that it is possible to apply metagenomics in AMR source-attribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Ribeiro Duarte
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timo Röder
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Liese Van Gompel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Nordahl Petersen
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Inge Marianne Hansen
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex Bossers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Frank M Aarestrup
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tine Hald
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus zeae in Raw Milk. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus zeae are among the lactobacilli with probiotic properties, which occur in sour milk products, cheeses, and to a lesser extent in raw milk. Recently, resistant strains have been detected in various species of lactobacilli. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of resistant Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus zeae strains in various types of raw milk. A total of 245 isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction methods as Lactobacillus sp., of which 23 isolates of Lactobacillus johnsonii and 18 isolates of Lactobacillus zeae were confirmed. Determination of susceptibility to selected antibiotics was performed using the E-test and broth dilution method, where 7.3% of lactobacilli strains were evaluated as ampicillin-resistant, 14.7% of isolates as erythromycin-resistant, and 4.9% of isolates as clindamycin-resistant. The genus Lactobacillus johnsonii had the highest resistance to erythromycin (34.8%), similar to Lactobacillus zeae (33.3%). Of the 41 isolates, the presence of the gene was confirmed in five Lactobacillus johnsonii strains and in two strains of Lactobacillus zeae. The presence of resistant strains of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus zeae is a potential risk in terms of spreading antimicrobial resistance through the food chain.
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Dec M, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Nowaczek A, Puchalski A, Urban-Chmiel R. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of fecal lactobacilli from domesticated pigeons in Poland. Anaerobe 2020; 65:102251. [PMID: 32781109 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus species play an important role in the host and although they are non-pathogenic, they could act as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes, with the potential risk of transfer to other bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to identify Lactobacillus species derived from feces of domesticated pigeons and to characterize their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles. A total of 57 Lactobacillus isolates were classified into six species using the MALDI-TOF technique and 16S rDNA restriction analysis. Strains of L. ingluviei (31%), L. salivarius (28%) and L. agilis (23%) were the dominant species isolated. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility by the microdilution broth method showed widespread resistance to kanamycin (89%), tetracycline (84%), streptomycin (63%), and enrofloxacin (37%). Less than 30% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, lincosamides, gentamycin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin. Over half (51%) of the lactobacilli were classified as multidrug resistant. Tet genes were detected in 79% of isolates; the lnuA, cat, ermB, ermC, ant(6)-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, and int-Tn genes were found at a lower frequency. Sequence analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR)of the gyrA gene showed that fluoroquinolone resistance in lactobacilli was the result of a mutation that lead to a change in the amino acid sequence (Ser83→Tyr/Leu/Phe). Domesticated pigeons could be a reservoir for AMR Lactobacillus strains and AMR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Nowaczek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Puchalski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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Probiotic characterization of Pediococcus strains isolated from Iranian cereal-dairy fermented product: Interaction with pathogenic bacteria and the enteric cell line Caco-2. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:471-479. [PMID: 32753308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In present study, we investigated the probiotic potential of three Pediococcus spp. isolated from Iranian traditional fermented cereal-dairy product, Tarkhineh. These 3 strains were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici VKU2, P. acidilactici IAH-5 and P. pentosaceus DHR005 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All the strain were found tolerate to pH 3 and 0.3% oxall for 3 h as well as simulated gastric and intestinal juice. P. acidilactici IAH-5 showed the highest cholesterol removal (67.52%), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (58.32%), hydrophobicity (40.3%) and auto-aggregation (48%). Pediococcus spp. inhibited the growth of tested pathogens (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1707, Salmonella typhimurium PTCC 1609, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) which the most susceptible strain was S. aureus. In competition assay, P. acidilactici IAH-5 was able to inhibited adhesion of 67.3% of S. typhimurium and in inhibition assay 45.8% of the pathogenic adhesion to Caco-2 cells were decreased. P. acidilactici VKU2 and P. acidilactici IAH-5 showed 16.32 and 12.25% adhesion to simulated epithelial cell line which were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Pediococcus spp. did not showed DNase production or hemolytic activity which confirm its safety aspects. Our findings suggested that the P. acidilactici IAH-5 has the best properties with probiotic features and cholesterol assimilation for its application as novel bio-therapeutic and bio-preservation agents.
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Pan M, Hidalgo-Cantabrana C, Barrangou R. Host and body site-specific adaptation of Lactobacillus crispatus genomes. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa001. [PMID: 33575551 PMCID: PMC7671364 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus crispatus is a common inhabitant of both healthy poultry gut and human vaginal tract, and the absence of this species has been associated with a higher risk of developing infectious diseases. In this study, we analyzed 105 L. crispatus genomes isolated from a variety of ecological niches, including the human vaginal tract, human gut, chicken gut and turkey gut, to shed light on the genetic and functional features that drive evolution and adaptation of this important species. We performed in silico analyses to identify the pan and core genomes of L. crispatus, and to reveal the genomic differences and similarities associated with their origins of isolation. Our results demonstrated that, although a significant portion of the genomic content is conserved, human and poultry L. crispatus isolates evolved to encompass different genomic features (e.g. carbohydrate usage, CRISPR-Cas immune systems, prophage occurrence) in order to thrive in different environmental niches. We also observed that chicken and turkey L. crispatus isolates can be differentiated based on their genomic information, suggesting significant differences may exist between these two poultry gut niches. These results provide insights into host and niche-specific adaptation patterns in species of human and animal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Pan
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Claudio Hidalgo-Cantabrana
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Study the Probiotic Properties of Pediococcus pentosaceus Isolated from Fish Ponds in Basra City, South of Iraq. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Sunu P, Sunarti D, Mahfudz LD, Yunianto VD. Prebiotic activity of garlic ( Allium sativum) extract on Lactobacillus acidophilus. Vet World 2019; 12:2046-2051. [PMID: 32095058 PMCID: PMC6989317 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.2046-2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to examine the ability of prebiotic concentrations to increase the growth of probiotic bacteria in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The probiotics used were Lactobacillus acidophilus and garlic (Allium sativum) extract. RESULTS The results showed that garlic can increase the growth of L. acidophilus bacteria with the lowest concentration of 4% being the most effective (p<0.05). Increased fructooligosaccharide (FOS) content in garlic can increase the significant growth of L. acidophilus as a probiotic bacterium. CONCLUSION The results showed that garlic can increase the growth of L. acidophilus bacteria by a minimum of 4% (p<0.05). Adding FOS to garlic can increase the significant growth of L. acidophilus as a probiotic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayogi Sunu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Boyolali University, Boyolali, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Sunarti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Luthfi Djauhari Mahfudz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Vitus Dwi Yunianto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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Aziz K, Haseeb Zaidi A, Fatima HN, Tariq M. Lactobacillus fermentum strains of dairy-product origin adhere to mucin and survive digestive juices. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1771-1786. [PMID: 31613203 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. There is an ever present need to isolate and characterize indigenous bacterial strains with potential probiotic health benefits for humans.Aim. Lactobacillus fermentum of dairy origin was focused because of its propensity to adhere to the intestinal glycoprotein, mucin.Methodology. The lactobacillus strains were screened for mucin adhesion, resistance to low pH and bile, autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, and survival in an in vitro digestion model. The cholesterol-lowering and oxalate-degrading effects of selected strains were also determined. Safety was assessed for haemolytic, mucinolytic and gelatinase activity, biogenic amine production, antibiotic resistance and phenol resistance. Expression of the 32-mmub adhesion-related gene was also measured following strain exposure to simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) digestion.Results. The selected mucin-adhesive strains were tolerant to acid (pH 3.0) and bile (0.25 %) and demonstrated >85 % survival following simulated human digestion in the presence of milk. The digestive treatment did not affect the adhesive potential of PL20, and PL27, regardless of the food matrix. The simulated digestion had less effect on their adhesion than on the type strain and it also did not correlate with the mmub gene expression level as determined by qPCR. The selected strains exhibited cholesterol removal (36-44 %) and degraded oxalate (66-55 %). Neither of these strains exhibited undesirable characteristics.Conclusion. These preliminary findings suggest a functionality in the two strains of L. fermentum with high colonization potential on GIT mucosal membranes and possible health-promoting effects. This prima facie evidence suggests the need for further studies to test these probiotic candidates as live biotherapeutic agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Aziz
- National Probiotic Lab-NIBGE, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Lab-NIBGE, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
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28
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Hidalgo-Cantabrana C, Goh YJ, Pan M, Sanozky-Dawes R, Barrangou R. Genome editing using the endogenous type I CRISPR-Cas system in Lactobacillus crispatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15774-15783. [PMID: 31341082 PMCID: PMC6690032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905421116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems are now widely used for genome editing and transcriptional regulation in diverse organisms. The compact and portable nature of class 2 single effector nucleases, such as Cas9 or Cas12, has facilitated directed genome modifications in plants, animals, and microbes. However, most CRISPR-Cas systems belong to the more prevalent class 1 category, which hinges on multiprotein effector complexes. In the present study, we detail how the native type I-E CRISPR-Cas system, with a 5'-AAA-3' protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and a 61-nucleotide guide CRISPR RNA (crRNA) can be repurposed for efficient chromosomal targeting and genome editing in Lactobacillus crispatus, an important commensal and beneficial microbe in the vaginal and intestinal tracts. Specifically, we generated diverse mutations encompassing a 643-base pair (bp) deletion (100% efficiency), a stop codon insertion (36%), and a single nucleotide substitution (19%) in the exopolysaccharide priming-glycosyl transferase (p-gtf). Additional genetic targets included a 308-bp deletion (20%) in the prophage DNA packaging Nu1 and a 730-bp insertion of the green fluorescent protein gene downstream of enolase (23%). This approach enables flexible alteration of the formerly genetically recalcitrant species L. crispatus, with potential for probiotic enhancement, biotherapeutic engineering, and mucosal vaccine delivery. These results also provide a framework for repurposing endogenous CRISPR-Cas systems for flexible genome targeting and editing, while expanding the toolbox to include one of the most abundant and diverse systems found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Hidalgo-Cantabrana
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Yong Jun Goh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Meichen Pan
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Rosemary Sanozky-Dawes
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Lerner A, Shoenfeld Y, Matthias T. Probiotics: If It Does Not Help It Does Not Do Any Harm. Really? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7040104. [PMID: 30979072 PMCID: PMC6517882 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics per definition should have beneficial effects on human health, and their consumption has tremendously increased in the last decades. In parallel, the amount of published material and claims for their beneficial efficacy soared continuously. Recently, multiple systemic reviews, meta-analyses, and expert opinions expressed criticism on their claimed effects and safety. The present review describes the dark side of the probiotics, in terms of problematic research design, incomplete reporting, lack of transparency, and under-reported safety. Highlighted are the potential virulent factors and the mode of action in the intestinal lumen, risking the physiological microbiome equilibrium. Finally, regulatory topics are discussed to lighten the heterogeneous guidelines applied worldwide. The shift in the scientific world towards a better understanding of the human microbiome, before consumption of the probiotic cargo, is highly endorsed. It is hoped that better knowledge will extend the probiotic repertoire, re-confirm efficacy or safety, establish their efficacy and substantiate their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- B. Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
- AESKU.KIPP Institute, 55234 Wendelsheim, Germany.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5262000, Israel.
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