1
|
Cai Z, Wang X, Wang Q. Does muscle strength predict working memory? A cross-sectional fNIRS study in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1243283. [PMID: 37876877 PMCID: PMC10590893 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1243283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous research has primarily focused on the association between muscle strength and global cognitive function in older adults, while the connection between muscle strength and advanced cognitive function such as inhibition and working memory (WM) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among muscle strength, WM, and task-related cortex hemodynamics. Methods We recruited eighty-one older adults. Muscle strength was measured using a grip and lower limb strength protocol. We measured the WM performance by using reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) in the N-back task and the cortical hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Results We found positive correlations between grip strength (p < 0.05), 30-s sit-up (p < 0.05) and ACC, negative correlation between grip strength (p < 0.05) and RT. Furthermore, we observed positive correlations between grip strength and the level of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontopolar area, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05), and negative correlations between grip strength and the level of deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontopolar area, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). Additionally, we noticed positive correlations between RT and the level of Hb in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right frontopolar area (p < 0.05), and negative correlations between RT and the level of HbO2 in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontopolar area (p < 0.05). However, the cortical hemodynamics did not mediate the relationship between muscle strength and WM performance (RT, ACC). Conclusion The grip strength of older adults predicted WM in the cross-section study. The level of hemodynamics in PFC can serve as a predictor of WM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Cai
- Department of Physical Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
You Y, Liu J, Yao Z, Zhang S, Chen K, Ma X. Neural mechanisms of long-term exercise intervention on cognitive performance among short-sleep young adults: A hemodynamic study. Sleep Med 2023; 110:7-16. [PMID: 37517285 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short-sleep is becoming increasingly common and may negatively affect brain function including cognitive ability. Physical exercise has been proved to improve cognitive function while intensity matters. This study was conducted to examine the effects of 12-week exercise interventions on cognitive performance and prefrontal cortex activation related to task performance in short-sleep young adults. METHODS A total of 50 subjects (23.62 ± 5.28 years and 24 men) with regular short-sleep conditions (<7 h per night) participated in this study and were divided into three groups: control, moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group. As task performance (congruent and incongruent Stroop) was monitored, changes in prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb), an indicator of cortical activation, were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the hemodynamics mechanism. RESULTS Post 12-week intervention, significant differences in reaction time for congruent [β (95%CI): -0.045 (-0.088, -0.002), p = 0.039] and incongruent Stroop tests [β (95%CI): -0.058 (-0.113, -0.003), p = 0.038] were found only in the MICT intervention group. However, HIIT did not show significant improvements in cognitive function. Left middle frontal gyrus (Frontal Mid L) and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (Frontal Sup R) were both stimulated by MICT and HIIT. Moreover, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (Frontal Sup L) was stimulated by MICT. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that 12-week MICT improved cognition by significantly increasing cortical activity across more brain regions. Thus, we suggested that maintaining moderate-intensity exercise could benefit cognitive function despite short sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhengbang Yao
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Keshuo Chen
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu D, Chang C, Yang J, Luo J, Xie S, Li H. Habit-DisHabit Design with a Quadratic Equation: A Better Model of the Hemodynamic Changes in Preschoolers during the Dimension Change Card Sorting Task. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1574. [PMID: 37761535 PMCID: PMC10528280 DOI: 10.3390/children10091574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
General linear modeling (GLM) has been widely employed to estimate the hemodynamic changes observed by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology, which are found to be nonlinear rather than linear, however. Therefore, GLM might not be appropriate for modeling the hemodynamic changes evoked by cognitive processing in developmental neurocognitive studies. There is an urgent need to identify a better statistical model to fit into the nonlinear fNIRS data. This study addressed this need by developing a quadratic equation model to reanalyze the existing fNIRS data (N = 38, Mage = 5.0 years, SD = 0.69 years, 17 girls) collected from the mixed-order design Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task and verified the model with a new set of data with the Habit-DisHabit design. First, comparing the quadratic and cubic modeling results of the mixed-order design data indicated that the proposed quadratic equation was better than GLM and cubic regression to model the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) changes in this task. Second, applying this quadratic model with the Habit-DisHabit design data verified its suitability and indicated that the new design was more effective in identifying the neural correlates of cognitive shifting than the mixed-order design. These findings jointly indicate that Habit-DisHabit Design with a quadratic equation might better model the hemodynamic changes in preschoolers during the DCCS task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiutong Luo
- Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.L.); (S.X.)
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sha Xie
- Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Hui Li
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dordevic M, Maile O, Das A, Kundu S, Haun C, Baier B, Müller NG. A Comparison of Immersive vs. Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Exercises for the Upper Limb: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Pilot Study with Healthy Participants. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5781. [PMID: 37762722 PMCID: PMC10531854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) allows for a reliable assessment of oxygenated blood flow in relevant brain regions. Recent advancements in immersive virtual reality (VR)-based technology have generated many new possibilities for its application, such as in stroke rehabilitation. In this study, we asked whether there is a difference in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) within brain motor areas during hand/arm movements between immersive and non-immersive VR settings. Ten healthy young participants (24.3 ± 3.7, three females) were tested using a specially developed VR paradigm, called "bus riding", whereby participants used their hand to steer a moving bus. Both immersive and non-immersive conditions stimulated brain regions controlling hand movements, namely motor cortex, but no significant differences in HbO2 could be found between the two conditions in any of the relevant brain regions. These results are to be interpreted with caution, as only ten participants were included in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milos Dordevic
- Department of Chronic and Degenerative Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW), Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Olga Maile
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anustup Das
- Faculty of Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sumit Kundu
- Department of Chronic and Degenerative Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW), Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Faculty of Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Haun
- Edith-Stein Fachklinik, 76887 Bad Bergzabern, Germany
| | - Bernhard Baier
- Edith-Stein Fachklinik, 76887 Bad Bergzabern, Germany
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Department of Chronic and Degenerative Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW), Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moriarty T, Bourbeau K, Dorman K, Runyon L, Glaser N, Brandt J, Hoodjer M, Forbes SC, Candow DG. Dose-Response of Creatine Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Healthy Young Adults. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1276. [PMID: 37759877 PMCID: PMC10526554 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine if creatine (Cr) supplementation could influence cognitive performance and whether any changes were related to changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation during such cognitive tasks, thirty (M = 11, F = 19) participants were evenly randomized to receive supplementation with Cr (CR10:10 g/day or CR20:20 g/day) or a placebo (PLA:10 g/day) for 6 weeks. Participants completed a cognitive test battery (processing speed, episodic memory, and attention) on two separate occasions prior to and following supplementation. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure PFC oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) during the cognitive evaluation. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the groups and the timepoints for the cognitive performance scores and PFC O2Hb. In addition, a one-way ANOVA of % change was used to determine pre- and post-differences between the groups. Creatine (independent of dosage) had no significant effect on the measures of cognitive performance. There was a trend for decreased relative PFC O2Hb in the CR10 group versus the PLA group in the processing speed test (p = 0.06). Overall, six weeks of Cr supplementation at a moderate or high dose does not improve cognitive performance or change PFC activation in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terence Moriarty
- Department of Kinesiology & Athletic Training, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (K.D.); (L.R.); (N.G.); (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Kelsey Bourbeau
- Department of Kinesiology & Athletic Training, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (K.D.); (L.R.); (N.G.); (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Katie Dorman
- Department of Kinesiology & Athletic Training, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (K.D.); (L.R.); (N.G.); (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Lance Runyon
- Department of Kinesiology & Athletic Training, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (K.D.); (L.R.); (N.G.); (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Noah Glaser
- Department of Kinesiology & Athletic Training, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (K.D.); (L.R.); (N.G.); (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Jenna Brandt
- Department of Kinesiology & Athletic Training, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (K.D.); (L.R.); (N.G.); (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Mallory Hoodjer
- Department of Kinesiology & Athletic Training, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA; (K.B.); (K.D.); (L.R.); (N.G.); (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada;
| | - Darren G. Candow
- Aging Muscle & Bone Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu HL, Kao SC, Yang CT, Moreau D, Wang CH. Examining the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive control processes: An SFT and ERP study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114591. [PMID: 37482303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive control, the ability to inhibit distractions (conflict control) or impulsive actions (response inhibition). However, it is unknown whether these sub-processes and their underlying information processing capacity are differentially related to aerobic fitness. To address this question, we employed a go/no-go version of the redundant-target task, which was administered concurrently with the recording of event-related potentials (ERPs) and the use of a reaction-time based diagnostic tool known as system factorial technology (SFT). Our sample consisted of 46 young male adults with varying levels of aerobic fitness: the high-fit group (n = 23; aged 21.33 ± 2.44 years; VO2max 58.83 ± 6.93 ml/kg/min) and the low-fit group (n = 23; aged 22.30 ± 1.40 years; VO2max 41.90 ± 4.01 ml/kg/min). The results showed that the high-fit group exhibited a lower false-alarm rate compared to the low-fit group. However, there was no difference in processing speed between the two groups. The SFT analysis revealed that the high-fit group had more efficient information processing for earlier responses, but not later responses, compared to the low-fit group. Analysis of the ERPs indicated that the high-fit group had larger N2d amplitudes and shorter P3d latencies during conflict control compared to the low-fit group, while there were no such effects for the process of response inhibition. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness may be differentially related to the temporal dynamics and sub-processes of cognitive control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lun Fu
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - David Moreau
- Centre for Brain Research & School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cui Y, Cong F, Huang F, Zeng M, Yan R. Cortical activation of neuromuscular electrical stimulation synchronized mirror neuron rehabilitation strategies: an fNIRS study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1232436. [PMID: 37602262 PMCID: PMC10437114 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1232436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mirror neuron system (MNS) plays a key role in the neural mechanism underlying motor learning and neural plasticity. Action observation (AO), action execution (AE), and a combination of both, known as action imitation (AI), are the most commonly used rehabilitation strategies based on MNS. It is possible to enhance the cortical activation area and amplitude by combining traditional neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with other top-down and active rehabilitation strategies based on the MNS theory. Objective This study aimed to explore the cortical activation patterns induced by NMES synchronized with rehabilitation strategies based on MNS, namely NMES+AO, NMES+AE, and NMES+AI. In addition, the study aimed to assess the feasibility of these three novel rehabilitative treatments in order to provide insights and evidence for the design, implementation, and application of brain-computer interfaces. Methods A total of 70 healthy adults were recruited from July 2022 to February 2023, and 66 of them were finally included in the analysis. The cortical activation patterns during NMES+AO, NMES+AE, and NMES+AI were detected using the functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique. The action to be observed, executed, or imitated was right wrist and hand extension, and two square-shaped NMES electrodes were placed on the right extensor digitorum communis. A block design was adopted to evaluate the activation intensity of the left MNS brain regions. Results General linear model results showed that compared with the control condition, the number of channels significantly activated (PFDR < 0.05) in the NMES+AO, NMES+AE, and NMES+AI conditions were 3, 9, and 9, respectively. Region of interest (ROI) analysis showed that 2 ROIs were significantly activated (PFDR < 0.05) in the NMES+AO condition, including BA6 and BA44; 5 ROIs were significantly activated in the NMES+AE condition, including BA6, BA40, BA44, BA45, and BA46; and 6 ROIs were significantly activated in the NMES+AI condition, including BA6, BA7, BA40, BA44, BA45, and BA46. Conclusion The MNS was activated during neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with an AO, AE, and AI intervention. The synchronous application of NMES and mirror neuron rehabilitation strategies is feasible in clinical rehabilitation. The fNIRS signal patterns observed in this study could be used to develop brain-computer interface and neurofeedback therapy rehabilitation devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cui
- Department of Physical Therapy, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fubiao Huang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruxiu Yan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes during Unaffected Handgrip Exercises in Stroke Patients: An fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010141. [PMID: 36672122 PMCID: PMC9857146 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of the altered strength of the sound limb on the hemodynamics in the affected brain of stroke patients. We recruited 20 stroke patients to detect changes in the HbO concentrations in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), sensorimotor cortex (SMC), and occipital lobe (OL). We performed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to detect changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentrations in regions of interest (ROIs) in the bilateral cerebral hemispheres of stroke patients while they performed 20%, 50%, and 80% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) levels of handgrip tasks with the unaffected hands. The results suggest that when patients performed handgrip tasks with 50% of the MVC force, SMC in the affected cerebral hemisphere was strongly activated and the change in the HbO concentration was similar to that of the handgrip with 80% of MVC. When the force was 50% of MVC, the SMC in the affected hemisphere showed a more proportional activation than that at 80% MVC. Overall, this research suggests that stroke patients with a poor upper limb function should perform motor training with their sound hands at 50% of the MVC grip task to activate the ipsilesional hemisphere.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zeng J, Meng J, Wang C, Leng W, Zhong X, Gong A, Bo S, Jiang C. High vagally mediated resting-state heart rate variability is associated with superior working memory function. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1119405. [PMID: 36891458 PMCID: PMC9986304 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1119405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV), a cardiac vagal tone indicator, has been proven to predict performance on some cognitive tasks that rely on the prefrontal cortex. However, the relationship between vagal tone and working memory remains understudied. This study explores the link between vagal tone and working memory function, combined with behavioral tasks and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods A total of 42 undergraduate students were tested for 5-min resting-state HRV to obtain the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) data, and then divided into high and low vagal tone groups according to the median of rMSSD data. The two groups underwent the n-back test, and fNIRS was used to measure the neural activity in the test state. ANOVA and the independent sample t-test were performed to compare group mean differences, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. Results The high vagal tone group had a shorter reaction time, higher accuracy, lower inverse efficiency score, and lower oxy-Hb concentration in the bilateral prefrontal cortex in the working memory tasks state. Furthermore, there were associations between behavioral performance, oxy-Hb concentration, and resting-state rMSSD. Conclusion Our findings suggest that high vagally mediated resting-state HRV is associated with working memory performance. High vagal tone means a higher efficiency of neural resources, beneficial to presenting a better working memory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zeng
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwu Leng
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhong
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Anmin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China
| | - Shumin Bo
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao Jiang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu Y, He S, Herold F, Sun F, Li C, Tao S, Gao TY. Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on cognitive function: Current evidence, methodology, and safety considerations. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012836. [PMID: 36267588 PMCID: PMC9576950 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function is essential for most behaviors of daily living and is a critical component in assessing the quality of life. Mounting prospective evidence supports the use of isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) as a small muscle mass practice to promote health-related outcomes in clinical and healthy populations. The aim of the present review was to systematically investigate whether IHE is effective in improving the cognitive function of adults (aged ≥18 years). Studies were identified by searching five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, and Web of Science). Eight out of 767 studies met the inclusion criteria, including three types of studies: 1) acute effect for IHE with various intensity protocols (n = 4); 2) acute effect for IHE with one set exhaustion protocol (n = 2); and 3) chronic effect of IHE on cognitive function (n = 2). To assess the methodological quality of studies, the PEDro scale was used (mean score = 6.75). The evidence on whether IHE exerts acute positive effects on cognitive performance is currently rather inconclusive. However, a trend was discernible that implementing IHE can generate a beneficial chronic effect on cognitive function, although the results should be interpreted with caution. The clinical relevance of IHE as a time-efficient type of physical exercise to improve cognitive function warrants further investigation. Methodology and safety considerations were discussed.Systematic Review Registration: (https://osf.io/gbzp9).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxin Zhu,
| | - Shan He
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Disease, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Tao
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian-Yu Gao
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Herold F, Labott BK, Grässler B, Halfpaap N, Langhans C, Müller P, Ammar A, Dordevic M, Hökelmann A, Müller NG. A Link between Handgrip Strength and Executive Functioning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020230. [PMID: 35206845 PMCID: PMC8872145 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who in addition to their memory deficits also suffer from frontal-executive dysfunctions have a higher risk of developing dementia later in their lives than older adults with aMCI without executive deficits and older adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). Handgrip strength (HGS) is also correlated with the risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between HGS and executive functioning in individuals with aMCI, naMCI and healthy controls. Older, right-handed adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and healthy controls (HC) conducted a handgrip strength measurement via a handheld dynamometer. Executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT A&B). Normalized handgrip strength (nHGS, normalized to Body Mass Index (BMI)) was calculated and its associations with executive functions (operationalized through z-scores of TMT B/A ratio) were investigated through partial correlation analyses (i.e., accounting for age, sex, and severity of depressive symptoms). A positive and low-to-moderate correlation between right nHGS (rp (22) = 0.364; p = 0.063) and left nHGS (rp (22) = 0.420; p = 0.037) and executive functioning in older adults with aMCI but not in naMCI or HC was observed. Our results suggest that higher levels of nHGS are linked to better executive functioning in aMCI but not naMCI and HC. This relationship is perhaps driven by alterations in the integrity of the hippocampal-prefrontal network occurring in older adults with aMCI. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence for this assumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Berit K. Labott
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Bernhard Grässler
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Nicole Halfpaap
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Corinna Langhans
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Patrick Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anita Hökelmann
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
An Overview on Cognitive Function Enhancement through Physical Exercises. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101289. [PMID: 34679354 PMCID: PMC8534220 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is extensively focused on the enhancement of cognitive functions while performing physical exercises categorized into cardiovascular exercises, resistance training, martial arts, racquet sports, dancing and mind-body exercises. Imaging modalities, viz. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG), have been included in this review. This review indicates that differences are present in cognitive functioning while changing the type of physical activity performed. This study concludes that employing fNIRS helps overcome certain limitations of fMRI. Further, the effects of physical activity on a diverse variety of the population, from active children to the old people, are discussed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu S, Xu J, Shen Z, Wang Y, Wei W, Guo X, Tian J, Liu L, Yang Y, Zeng F, Liang F, Yang J. Frequency-Specific Alterations in Brain Function in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 23:902-911. [PMID: 34314503 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent neuroimaging studies have found that brain function is abnormal in primary dysmenorrhea (PDM). The present study aimed to explore frequency-specific brain alterations and their occurrence in the PDM. METHODS Forty-seven patients with PDM and 36 matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The alterations in brain function in patients with PDM were assessed using different frequency filter bands (Slow5, Slow4, Slow3, and full low frequency) and functional connectivity density (FCD) approach. The clinical significance of the altered FCD was then explored. Additionally, mediation analysis was employed to detect the altered FCD-mediated clinical relationships in PDM. RESULTS Frequency-specific FCD alterations have been observed in patients with PDM, especially in the central executive, default mode, sensorimotor networks, and the hippocampus. The altered full low-frequency FCD in the hippocampus was associated with the duration of disease and pain severity scores. The altered Slow 5 FCD in the second somatosensory area (S2) was associated with the severity of pain in PDM. Furthermore, the FCD in S2 mediated the duration associated with pain symptoms in PDM. CONCLUSION The present study identified frequency-specific FCD alterations in PDM and suggested that the S2 area is a potential treatment target for PDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Yu
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Shen
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Tian
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liying Liu
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, A, cupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu S, Herold F, Zhang Y, Lei Y, Kramer AF, Jiao C, Yu Q, Doig S, Li J, Yan Z, Kuang J, Wang T, Zou L. Higher Handgrip Strength Is Linked to Better Cognitive Performance in Chinese Adults with Hypertension. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080985. [PMID: 34439604 PMCID: PMC8391417 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: There is growing evidence that in adults, higher levels of handgrip strength (HGS) are linked to better cognitive performance. However, the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance has not been sufficiently investigated in special cohorts, such as individuals with hypertension who have an intrinsically higher risk of cognitive decline. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance in adults with hypertension using data from the Global Ageing and Adult Health Survey (SAGE). Methods: A total of 4486 Chinese adults with hypertension from the SAGE were included in this study. Absolute handgrip strength (aHGS in kilograms) was measured using a handheld electronic dynamometer, and cognitive performance was assessed in the domains of short-term memory, delayed memory, and language ability. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between relative handgrip strength (rHGS; aHGS divided by body mass index) and measures of cognitive performance. Results: Overall, higher levels of rHGS were associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.20) and language (β = 0.63) compared with the lowest tertiles of rHGS. In male participants, higher HGS was associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.31), language (β = 0.64), and delayed memory (β = 0.22). There were no associations between rHGS and cognitive performance measures in females. Conclusion: We observed that a higher level of rHGS was associated with better cognitive performance among hypertensive male individuals. Further studies are needed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms, including sex-specific differences driving the relationship between measures of HGS and cognitive performance in individuals with hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Lu
- Hunan Academy of Education Sciences, Changsha 225002, China;
- College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuruo Lei
- Institute of Urban Governance, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Can Jiao
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Scott Doig
- Department of Physical Education, Limestone University, Gaffney, SC 29340, USA;
| | - Jinming Li
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Kuang
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|