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Dong X, Li W, Li C, Akan OD, Liao C, Cao J, Zhang L. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed the mechanism of catechin biosynthesis in response to lead stress in tung tree (Vernicia fordii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172796. [PMID: 38692325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) affects gene transcription, metabolite biosynthesis and growth in plants. The tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is highly adaptive to adversity, whereas the mechanisms underlying its response to Pb remain uncertain. In this work, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were employed to study tung trees under Pb stress. The results showed that the biomass of tung seedlings decreased with increasing Pb doses, and excessive Pb doses resulted in leaf wilting, root rot, and disruption of Pb homeostasis. Under non-excessive Pb stress, a significant change in the expression patterns of flavonoid biosynthesis genes was observed in the roots of tung seedlings, leading to changes in the accumulation of flavonoids in the roots, especially the upregulation of catechins, which can chelate Pb and reduce its toxicity in plants. In addition, Pb-stressed roots showed a large accumulation of VfWRKY55, VfWRKY75, and VfLRR1 transcripts, which were shown to be involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by gene module analysis. Overexpression of VfWRKY55, VfWRKY75, and VfLRR1 significantly increased catechin concentrations in tung roots, respectively. These data indicate that Pb stress-induced changes in the expression patterns of those genes regulate the accumulation of catechins. Our findings will help to clarify the molecular mechanism of Pb response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Otobong Donald Akan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Faculty of Biological Science, Akwa-Ibom State University, Akwa-Ibom State, Uyo 1167, Nigeria
| | - Chancan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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Wong DCJ, Wang Z, Perkins J, Jin X, Marsh GE, John EG, Peakall R. The road less taken: Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase inactivation and delphinidin anthocyanin loss underpins a natural intraspecific flower colour variation. Mol Ecol 2024:e17334. [PMID: 38651763 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Visual cues are of critical importance for the attraction of animal pollinators, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underpinning intraspecific floral colour variation. Here, we combined comparative spectral analysis, targeted metabolite profiling, multi-tissue transcriptomics, differential gene expression, sequence analysis and functional analysis to investigate a bee-pollinated orchid species, Glossodia major with common purple- and infrequent white-flowered morphs. We found uncommon and previously unreported delphinidin-based anthocyanins responsible for the conspicuous and pollinator-perceivable colour of the purple morph and three genetic changes underpinning the loss of colour in the white morph - (1) a loss-of-function (LOF; frameshift) mutation affecting dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR1) coding sequence due to a unique 4-bp insertion, (2) specific downregulation of functional DFR1 expression and (3) the unexpected discovery of chimeric Gypsy transposable element (TE)-gene (DFR) transcripts with potential consequences to the genomic stability and post-transcriptional or epigenetic regulation of DFR. This is one of few known cases where regulatory changes and LOF mutation in an anthocyanin structural gene, rather than transcription factors, are important. Furthermore, if TEs prove to be a frequent source of mutation, the interplay between environmental stress-induced TE evolution and pollinator-mediated selection for adaptive colour variation may be an overlooked mechanism maintaining floral colour polymorphism in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C J Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - James Perkins
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Grace Emma Marsh
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Emma Grace John
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rod Peakall
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Li H, Guo Z, Xu M, Zhao J, Xu D. Molecular mechanism of miRNA mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108524. [PMID: 38518432 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are important raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, and their biosynthetic processes are subject to diverse and precise regulation by miRNA. The identification of miRNA molecules in medicinal plants and exploration of their mechanisms not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of plant growth, development and resistance to stress, but also provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the pharmacological effects of authentic medicinal materials and constructing bioreactors for the synthesis of medicinal secondary metabolite components. This paper summarizes the research reports on the discovery of miRNA in medicinal plants and their regulatory mechanisms on the synthesis of secondary metabolites by searching the relevant literature in public databases. It summarizes the currently discovered miRNA and their functions in medicinal plants, and summarizes the molecular mechanisms regulating the synthesis and degradation of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, it provides a prospect for the research and development of medicinal plant miRNA. The compiled information contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the research progress on miRNA in medicinal plants and provides a reference for the industrial development of related secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China.
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China; Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China.
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Jing X, Chen P, Jin X, Lei J, Wang L, Chai S, Yang X. Physiological, Photosynthetic, and Transcriptomics Insights into the Influence of Shading on Leafy Sweet Potato. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2112. [PMID: 38136933 PMCID: PMC10742944 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Leafy sweet potato is a new type of sweet potato, whose leaves and stems are used as green vegetables. However, sweet potato tips can be affected by pre-harvest factors, especially the intensity of light. At present, intercropping, greenhouse planting, and photovoltaic agriculture have become common planting modes for sweet potato. Likewise, they can also cause insufficient light conditions or even low light stress. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of four different shading levels (no shading, 30%, 50%, and 70% shading degree) on the growth profile of sweet potato leaves. The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll pigments, carbohydrates, and polyphenol components were determined. Our findings displayed that shading reduced the content of the soluble sugar, starch, and sucrose of leaves, as well as the yield and Pn. The concentrations of Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl were increased and the Chl a/b ratio was decreased for the more efficient interception and absorption of light under shading conditions. In addition, 30% and 50% shading increased the total phenolic, total flavonoids, and chlorogenic acid. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes related to the antioxidant, secondary metabolism of phenols and flavonoids, photosynthesis, and MAPK signaling pathway were altered in response to shading stresses. We concluded that 30% shading induced a high expression of antioxidant genes, while genes related to the secondary metabolism of phenols and flavonoids were upregulated by 50% shading. And the MAPK signaling pathway was modulated under 70% shading, and most stress-related genes were downregulated. Moreover, the genes involved in photosynthesis, such as chloroplast development, introns splicing, and Chlorophyll synthesis, were upregulated as shading levels increased. This research provides a new theoretical basis for understanding the tolerance and adaptation mechanism of leafy sweet potato in low light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jing
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
- Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434022, China
| | - Peiru Chen
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Jian Lei
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Shasha Chai
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Xinsun Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
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