1
|
Rroji M, Figurek A, Spasovski G. Advancing kidney transplant outcomes: the role of urinary proteomics in graft function monitoring and rejection detection. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:297-316. [PMID: 39133121 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2389829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney transplantation significantly improves the lives of those with end-stage kidney disease, offering best alternative to dialysis. However, transplant success is threatened by the acute and chronic rejection mechanisms due to complex immune responses against the new organ. AREAS COVERED The ongoing research into biomarkers holds promise for revolutionizing the early detection and monitoring of the graft health. Liquid biopsy techniques offer a new avenue, with several diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers showing promise in detecting and monitoring kidney diseases and an early and chronic allograft rejection. EXPERT OPINION Evaluating the protein composition related to kidney transplant results could lead to identifying biomarkers that provide insights into the graft functionality. Non-invasive proteomic biomarkers can drastically enhance clinical outcomes and change the way how kidney transplants are evaluated for patients and physicians if they succeed in this transition. Hence, the advancement in proteomic technologies, leads toward a significant improvement in understanding of the protein markers and molecular mechanisms linked to the outcomes of kidney transplants. However, the road from discovery to the use of such proteins in clinical practice is long, with a need for continuous validation and beyond the singular research team with comprehensive infrastructure and across research groups collaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merita Rroji
- Faculty of Medicine, University Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Medical Faculty, University Department of Nephrology, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weber B, Ritter A, Han J, Schaible I, Sturm R, Relja B, Huber-Lang M, Hildebrand F, Pallas C, Widera M, Henrich D, Marzi I, Leppik L. Development of a Sampling and Storage Protocol of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)-Establishment of the First EV Biobank for Polytraumatized Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5645. [PMID: 38891833 PMCID: PMC11172154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, several studies have emphasized the existence of injury-specific EV "barcodes" that could have significant importance for the precise diagnosis of different organ injuries in polytrauma patients. To expand the research potential of the NTF (network trauma research) biobank of polytraumatized patients, the NTF research group decided to further establish a biobank for EVs. However, until now, the protocols for the isolation, characterization, and storage of EVs for biobank purposes have not been conceptualized. Plasma and serum samples from healthy volunteers (n = 10) were used. Three EV isolation methods of high relevance for the work with patients' samples (ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, and immune magnetic bead-based isolation) were compared. EVs were quantified using nanoparticle tracking analysis, EV proteins, and miRNAs. The effects of different isolation solutions; the long storage of samples (up to 3 years); and the sensibility of EVs to serial freezing-thawing cycles and different storage conditions (RT, 4/-20/-80 °C, dry ice) were evaluated. The SEC isolation method was considered the most suitable for EV biobanking. We did not find any difference in the quantity of EVs between serum and plasma-EVs. The importance of particle-free PBS as an isolation solution was confirmed. Plasma that has been frozen for a long time can also be used as a source of EVs. Serial freezing-thawing cycles were found to affect the mean size of EVs but not their amount. The storage of EV samples for 5 days on dry ice significantly reduced the EV protein concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Aileen Ritter
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Jiaoyan Han
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Inna Schaible
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Ramona Sturm
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Borna Relja
- Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Pallas
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lundy DJ, Szomolay B, Liao CT. Systems Approaches to Cell Culture-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Acute Kidney Injury Therapy: Prospects and Challenges. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae012. [PMID: 38706963 PMCID: PMC11065115 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous syndrome, comprising diverse etiologies of kidney insults that result in high mortality and morbidity if not well managed. Although great efforts have been made to investigate underlying pathogenic mechanisms of AKI, there are limited therapeutic strategies available. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types, which can serve as cell-free therapy through transfer of bioactive molecules. In this review, we first overview the AKI syndrome and EV biology, with a particular focus on the technical aspects and therapeutic application of cell culture-derived EVs. Second, we illustrate how multi-omic approaches to EV miRNA, protein, and genomic cargo analysis can yield new insights into their mechanisms of action and address unresolved questions in the field. We then summarize major experimental evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of EVs in AKI, which we subdivide into stem cell and non-stem cell-derived EVs. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities related to the clinical translation of animal studies into human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Lundy
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Barbara Szomolay
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Chia-Te Liao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Yuan L, Meng F, Lu D, Che M, Zhou X, Chen G, Ning N, Nan Y. Gancao Xiexin Decoction inhibits gastric carcinoma proliferation and migration by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117241. [PMID: 37777026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The incidence of gastric carcinoma (GC) is increasing rapidly. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plays a unique role in the treatment of GC. At present, Gancao Xiexin Decoction (GCXXD) has been proved to have a good therapeutic effect on diseases of the spleen and stomach system, but relevant molecular mechanisms remain incompletely explained. AIM OF STUDY The mechanism of GCXXD for GC was investigated by network pharmacology and verified by cell experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the public database was used to identify the core targets and key pathways of GCXXD in treating GC, followed by molecular docking and survival analysis. Subsequently, the effects of GCXXD on human gastric cancer AGS and HGC-27 cells were confirmed by a series of experiments, such as CCK-8, colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, wound scratch assay, transwell chamber assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS This study identified quercetin, wogonin, kaempferol, baicalein, sitosterol and beta-sitosterol as key ingredients, along with AKT1, TP53, JUN, STAT3, TNF, MAPK3, HSP90AA1 and EGFR as co targets, and the JAK/STAT signalling pathway as the key pathway. The experimental results showed that GCXXD inhibited the growth of GC cells, increased the apoptosis rate and the ratio of G0/G1 phase cells, and weakened the clone formation rate and inhibited cell migration and invasion. It also reduces the expression of core target genes and downregulates the expression of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 proteins. CONCLUSION GCXXD inhibits GC cell growth, reduces clonogenic capacity, induces apoptosis, blocks the cell cycle, and decreases cell migration and invasion rates by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Doudou Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China
| | - Mengying Che
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Na Ning
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li M, Armelloni S, Mattinzoli D, Ikehata M, Chatziantoniou C, Alfieri C, Molinari P, Chadjichristos CE, Malvica S, Castellano G. Crosstalk mechanisms between glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes in renal diseases and kidney transplantation. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2024; 43:47-62. [PMID: 38062623 PMCID: PMC10846991 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), composed of endothelial cells, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes, is a unique structure for filtering blood while detaining plasma proteins according to size and charge selectivity. Structurally, the fenestrated endothelial cells, which align the capillary loops, are in close proximity to mesangial cells. Podocytes are connected by specialized intercellular junctions known as slit diaphragms and are separated from the endothelial compartment by the glomerular basement membrane. Podocyte-endothelial cell communication or crosstalk is required for the development and maintenance of an efficient filtration process in physiological conditions. In pathological situations, communication also has an essential role in promoting or delaying disease progression. Podocytes and endothelial cells can secrete signaling molecules, which act as crosstalk effectors and, through binding to their target receptors, can trigger bidirectional paracrine or autocrine signal transduction. Moreover, the emerging evidence of extracellular vesicles derived from various cell types engaging in cell communication has also been reported. In this review, we summarize the principal pathways involved in the development and maintenance of the GFB and the progression of kidney disease, particularly in kidney transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Armelloni
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Mattinzoli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Christos Chatziantoniou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Carlo Alfieri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Molinari
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Christos E. Chadjichristos
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Malvica
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh AD, Nagalla B, Patnam S, Satyanaryana G, Andrews R, Panigrahi AK, Mudigonda SS, Maitra S, Rengan AK, Sasidhar MV. Exploring urinary extracellular vesicles for organ transplant monitoring: A comprehensive study for detection of allograft dysfunction using immune-specific markers. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117525. [PMID: 37633321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft dysfunction (AGD) is a common complication following solid organ transplantation (SOT). This study leverages the potential of urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) for the non-invasive detection of AGD. AIM We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of T-cell and B-cell markers characteristic of T-cell-mediated and antibody-mediated rejection in UEV-mRNA using renal transplantation as a model. MATERIALS AND METHODS UEVs were isolated from 123 participants, spanning healthy controls, functional transplant recipients, and biopsy-proven AGD patients. T-cell and B-cell marker mRNA expressions were evaluated using RT-qPCR. RESULTS We observed significant differences in marker expression between healthy controls and AGD patients. ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.80 for T-cell markers, 0.98 for B-cell markers, and 0.94 for combined markers. T-cell markers achieved 81.3 % sensitivity, 80 % specificity, and 80.4 % efficiency. A triad of T-cell markers (PRF1, OX40, and CD3e) increased sensitivity to 87.5 % and efficiency to 82.1 %. B-cell markers (CD20, CXCL3, CD46, and CF3) delivered 100 % sensitivity and 97.5 % specificity. The combined gene signature of T-cell and B-cell markers offered 93.8 % sensitivity and 95 % specificity. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the diagnostic potential of UEV-derived mRNA markers for T-cells and B-cells in AGD, suggesting a promising non-invasive strategy for monitoring graft health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anula Divyash Singh
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Hyderabad, India
| | - Balakrishna Nagalla
- Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sreekanth Patnam
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Hyderabad, India
| | - G Satyanaryana
- Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravi Andrews
- Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Sanjay Maitra
- Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manda Venkata Sasidhar
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India; Urvogelbio Private Ltd, Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Extracellular Vesicles: The Future of Diagnosis in Solid Organ Transplantation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065102. [PMID: 36982182 PMCID: PMC10048932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a life-saving treatment for end-stage organ failure, but it comes with several challenges, the most important of which is the existing gap between the need for transplants and organ availability. One of the main concerns in this regard is the lack of accurate non-invasive biomarkers to monitor the status of a transplanted organ. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a promising source of biomarkers for various diseases. In the context of SOT, EVs have been shown to be involved in the communication between donor and recipient cells and may carry valuable information about the function of an allograft. This has led to an increasing interest in exploring the use of EVs for the preoperative assessment of organs, early postoperative monitoring of graft function, or the diagnosis of rejection, infection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, or drug toxicity. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the use of EVs as biomarkers for these conditions and discuss their applicability in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
8
|
Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Bench to Bedside? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030443. [PMID: 36766548 PMCID: PMC9913975 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are a diverse group of particles that include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies and are defined by size, composition, site of origin, and density. They incorporate various bioactive molecules from their cell of origin during formation, such as soluble proteins, membrane receptors, nucleic acids (mRNAs and miRNAs), and lipids, which can then be transferred to target cells. Extracellular vesicles/exosomes have been extensively studied as a critical factor in pathophysiological processes of human diseases. Urinary extracellular vesicles could be a promising liquid biopsy for determining the pattern and/or severity of kidney histologic injury. The signature of urinary extracellular vesicles may pave the way for noninvasive methods to supplement existing testing methods for diagnosing kidney diseases. We discuss the potential role of urinary extracellular vesicles in various chronic kidney diseases in this review, highlighting open questions and discussing the potential for future research.
Collapse
|
9
|
Woud WW, Arykbaeva AS, Alwayn IP, Baan CC, Minnee RC, Hoogduijn MJ, Boer K. Extracellular Vesicles Released During Normothermic Machine Perfusion Are Associated With Human Donor Kidney Characteristics. Transplantation 2022; 106:2360-2369. [PMID: 35749756 PMCID: PMC9698093 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tissue-specific particles released by cells containing valuable diagnostic information in the form of various biomolecules. The characterization of EVs released by kidney grafts during normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) may present a promising avenue to assess graft status before transplantation. METHODS We phenotyped and determined the concentrations of EVs in the perfusate of 8 discarded expanded-criteria donor human kidneys during 6 h of NMP. Perfusate samples were taken at 0/60/180/360 min and examined with nanoparticle tracking analysis and imaging flow cytometry (IFCM). Using IFCM, EVs were identified by their expression of common EV markers CD9, CD63, and CD81 (tetraspanins) in combination with either platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31), pan-leukocyte protein (CD45), or carboxyfluorescein succiminidyl ester (CFSE) fluorescence. RESULTS Nanoparticle tracking analysis measurements revealed the release of nanoparticles <400 nm into the perfusate during NMP. With IFCM, tetraspanin protein signatures of the released nanoparticles were characterized, and the majority (~75%) of CFSE+ EVs were found to be CD81+, whereas ~16% were CD9+ and ~8% CD63+. Correlation analysis of concentrations of identified EV subsets with crude donor characteristics and NMP viability characteristics revealed significant correlations with cold ischemia time, donor age, and renal flow. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that discarded expanded-criteria donor kidney grafts release distinct EV subsets during NMP. Because these subsets correlate with well-established indicators of transplant outcome, EVs might represent new potential candidates for assessment of kidney graft quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter W. Woud
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asel S. Arykbaeva
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian P.J. Alwayn
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C. Minnee
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Martin J. Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yoshitake J, Azami M, Sei H, Onoshima D, Takahashi K, Hirayama A, Uchida K, Baba Y, Shibata T. Rapid Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles Using a Hydrophilic Porous Silica Gel-Based Size-Exclusion Chromatography Column. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13676-13681. [PMID: 36166570 PMCID: PMC9558085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Extracellular vesicles
(EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles
released by almost all cell types and can be found in biological fluids,
such as blood and urine. EVs play an important role in various physiological
and pathological processes via cell–cell communication, highlighting
their potential applications as diagnostic markers for diseases and
therapeutic drug delivery carriers. Although various methods have
been developed for the isolation of EVs from biological fluids, most
of them exhibit major limitations, including low purity, long processing
times, and high cost. In this study, we developed a size-exclusion
chromatography (SEC) column device using hydrophilic porous silica
gel (PSG). Owing to the resistance to pressure of the device, a rapid
system for EV isolation was developed by connecting it to a flash
liquid chromatography system furnished with a UV detector and a fraction
collector. This system can be used for the real-time monitoring of
eluted EVs by UV absorption without further analysis and separation
of high-purity EVs from urine samples with high durability, reusability,
and reproducibility. In addition, there were no significant differences
between the PSG column- and conventional SEC column-isolated EVs in
the proteome profiles and cellular uptake activities, suggesting the
good quality of the EVs isolated by the PSG column. These findings
suggest that the PSG column device offers an effective and rapid method
for the isolation of intact EVs from biological fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshitake
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mayuko Azami
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Haruka Sei
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onoshima
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kumiko Takahashi
- Materials Integration Laboratories, AGC Inc., 1-1, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shin-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rutman AK, Negi S, Saberi N, Khan K, Tchervenkov J, Paraskevas S. Extracellular Vesicles From Kidney Allografts Express miR-218-5p and Alter Th17/Treg Ratios. Front Immunol 2022; 13:784374. [PMID: 35281056 PMCID: PMC8906931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.784374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplantation is associated with ischemic injury and carries long term functional and immunological risks. Extracellular vesicles (EV) released from allografts may signal a degree of ischemic stress, and are thought to play an important role in the development of anti-donor immunity. Here, we show that kidney perfusate-derived extracellular vesicles (KP-EV) express donor-specific human leukocyte antigen. KP-EV from kidneys that experience DGF increase the T-helper 17 (Th17) to T-regulatory (Treg) ratio in third party peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a greater degree than those from kidneys with immediate function. We report miR-218-5p upregulation in KP-EV of kidney transplant recipients with DGF. Levels of miR-218-5p in KP-EV inversely correlated with recipient eGFR at multiple time points following transplantation. Additionally, the degree of increase in Th17/Treg ratio by KP-EV positively correlated with miR-218-5p expression in KP-EV samples. Taken together, these data provide evidence that KP-EV may contribute to modulating immune responses in transplant recipients. This could lead to novel intervention strategies to inhibit DGF in order to improve graft function and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa K Rutman
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarita Negi
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nasim Saberi
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kashif Khan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Tchervenkov
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ashcroft J, Leighton P, Elliott TR, Hosgood SA, Nicholson ML, Kosmoliaptsis V. Extracellular vesicles in kidney transplantation: a state-of-the-art review. Kidney Int 2021; 101:485-497. [PMID: 34838864 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with kidney failure; however, early detection and timely treatment of graft injury remain a challenge. Precise and noninvasive techniques of graft assessment and innovative therapeutics are required to improve kidney transplantation outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles with unique biosignatures and immunomodulatory potential, functioning as intermediaries of cell signalling. Promising evidence exists for the potential of EVs to develop precision diagnostics of graft dysfunction, and prognostic biomarkers for clinician decision making. The inherent targeting characteristics of EVs and their low immunogenic and toxicity profiles combined with their potential as vehicles for drug delivery make them ideal targets for development of therapeutics to improve kidney transplant outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for EVs in kidney transplantation, discuss common methodological principles of EV isolation and characterization, explore upcoming innovative approaches in EV research, and discuss challenges and opportunities to enable translation of research findings into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ashcroft
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philippa Leighton
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tegwen R Elliott
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah A Hosgood
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael L Nicholson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaddour H, Tranquille M, Okeoma CM. The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation. Viruses 2021; 13:2272. [PMID: 34835078 PMCID: PMC8618570 DOI: 10.3390/v13112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles secreted by all cell types (including virus infected and uninfected cells) into the extracellular milieu. EVs carry, protect, and transport a wide array of bioactive cargoes to recipient/target cells. EVs regulate physiological and pathophysiological processes in recipient cells and are important in therapeutics/drug delivery. Despite these great attributes of EVs, an efficient protocol for EV separation from biofluids is lacking. Numerous techniques have been adapted for the separation of EVs with size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based methods being the most promising. Here, we review the SEC protocols used for EV separation, and discuss opportunities for significant improvements, such as the development of novel particle purification liquid chromatography (PPLC) system capable of tandem purification and characterization of biological and synthetic particles with near-single vesicle resolution. Finally, we identify future perspectives and current issues to make PPLC a tool capable of providing a unified, automated, adaptable, yet simple and affordable particle separation resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Kaddour
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Malik Tranquille
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Chioma M. Okeoma
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu L, Boer K, Woud WW, Udomkarnjananun S, Hesselink DA, Baan CC. Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Are a Novel Tool to Monitor Allograft Function in Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10499. [PMID: 34638835 PMCID: PMC8508981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles that transmit molecules from releasing cells to target cells. Recent studies link urinary EVs (uEV) to diverse processes such as infection and rejection after kidney transplantation. This, and the unmet need for biomarkers diagnosing kidney transplant dysfunction, has led to the current high level of interest in uEV. uEV provide non-intrusive access to local protein, DNA, and RNA analytics without invasive biopsy. To determine the added value of uEV measurements for detecting allograft dysfunction after kidney transplantation, we systematically included all related literature containing directly relevant information, with the addition of indirect evidence regarding urine or kidney injury without transplantation. According to their varying characteristics, uEV markers after transplantation could be categorized into kidney-specific, donor-specific, and immune response-related (IR-) markers. A few convincing studies have shown that kidney-specific markers (PODXL, ion cotransporters, SYT17, NGAL, and CD133) and IR-markers (CD3, multi-mRNA signatures, and viral miRNA) could diagnose rejection, BK virus-associated nephropathy, and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity after kidney transplantation. In addition, some indirect proof regarding donor-specific markers (donor-derived cell-free DNA) in urine has been demonstrated. Together, this literature review provides directions for exploring novel uEV markers' profiling complications after kidney transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.B.); (W.W.W.); (S.U.); (D.A.H.); (C.C.B.)
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Karin Boer
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.B.); (W.W.W.); (S.U.); (D.A.H.); (C.C.B.)
| | - Wouter W. Woud
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.B.); (W.W.W.); (S.U.); (D.A.H.); (C.C.B.)
| | - Suwasin Udomkarnjananun
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.B.); (W.W.W.); (S.U.); (D.A.H.); (C.C.B.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Dennis A. Hesselink
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.B.); (W.W.W.); (S.U.); (D.A.H.); (C.C.B.)
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.B.); (W.W.W.); (S.U.); (D.A.H.); (C.C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Erdbrügger U, Blijdorp CJ, Bijnsdorp IV, Borràs FE, Burger D, Bussolati B, Byrd JB, Clayton A, Dear JW, Falcón‐Pérez JM, Grange C, Hill AF, Holthöfer H, Hoorn EJ, Jenster G, Jimenez CR, Junker K, Klein J, Knepper MA, Koritzinsky EH, Luther JM, Lenassi M, Leivo J, Mertens I, Musante L, Oeyen E, Puhka M, van Royen ME, Sánchez C, Soekmadji C, Thongboonkerd V, van Steijn V, Verhaegh G, Webber JP, Witwer K, Yuen PS, Zheng L, Llorente A, Martens‐Uzunova ES. Urinary extracellular vesicles: A position paper by the Urine Task Force of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12093. [PMID: 34035881 PMCID: PMC8138533 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine is commonly used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EV) in urine opened a new fast-growing scientific field. In the last decade urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) were shown to mirror molecular processes as well as physiological and pathological conditions in kidney, urothelial and prostate tissue. Therefore, several methods to isolate and characterize uEVs have been developed. However, methodological aspects of EV separation and analysis, including normalization of results, need further optimization and standardization to foster scientific advances in uEV research and a subsequent successful translation into clinical practice. This position paper is written by the Urine Task Force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of ISEV consisting of nephrologists, urologists, cardiologists and biologists with active experience in uEV research. Our aim is to present the state of the art and identify challenges and gaps in current uEV-based analyses for clinical applications. Finally, recommendations for improved rigor, reproducibility and interoperability in uEV research are provided in order to facilitate advances in the field.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liangsupree T, Multia E, Riekkola ML. Modern isolation and separation techniques for extracellular vesicles. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461773. [PMID: 33316564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-bound vesicles released from various origins. EVs play a crucial role in cellular communication and mediate several physiological and pathological processes, highlighting their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Due to the rapid increase in interests and needs to elucidate EV properties and functions, numerous isolation and separation approaches for EVs have been developed to overcome limitations of conventional techniques, such as ultracentrifugation. This review focuses on recently emerging and modern EV isolation and separation techniques, including size-, charge-, and affinity-based techniques while excluding ultracentrifugation and precipitation-based techniques due to their multiple limitations. The advantages and drawbacks of each technique are discussed together with insights into their applications. Emerging approaches all share similar features in terms of being time-effective, easy-to-operate, and capable of providing EVs with suitable and desirable purity and integrity for applications of interest. Combination and hyphenation of techniques have been used for EV isolation and separation to yield EVs with the best quality. The most recent development using an automated on-line system including selective affinity-based trapping unit and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation allows reliable isolation and fractionation of EV subpopulations from human plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgen Multia
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Small RNA Repertoire of Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From Donor Kidney Preservation Fluid Provides a Source for Biomarker Discovery for Organ Quality and Posttransplantation Graft Function. Transplant Direct 2019; 5:e484. [PMID: 31579812 PMCID: PMC6739040 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation is negatively associated with long-term graft function and survival. Kidney function after transplantation depends on multiple factors, both donor- and recipient-associated. Prediction of posttransplantation graft function would allow timely intervention to optimize patient care and survival. Currently, graft-based predictions can be made based on histological and molecular analyses of 0-hour biopsy samples. However, such analyses are currently not implemented, as biopsy samples represent only a very small portion of the entire graft and are not routinely analyzed in all transplantation centers. Alternatives are thus required.
Collapse
|
18
|
Monguió-Tortajada M, Gálvez-Montón C, Bayes-Genis A, Roura S, Borràs FE. Extracellular vesicle isolation methods: rising impact of size-exclusion chromatography. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2369-2382. [PMID: 30891621 PMCID: PMC11105396 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a variety of nanosized vesicles released to the extracellular microenvironment by the vast majority of cells transferring bioactive lipids, proteins, mRNA, miRNA or non-coding RNA, as means of intercellular communication. Remarkably, among other fields of research, their use has become promising for immunomodulation, tissue repair and as source for novel disease-specific molecular signatures or biomarkers. However, a major challenge is to define accurate, reliable and easily implemented techniques for EV isolation due to their nanoscale size and high heterogeneity. In this context, differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) has been the most widely used laboratory methodology, but alternative procedures have emerged to allow purer EV preparations with easy implementation. Here, we present and discuss the most used of the different EV isolation methods, focusing on the increasing impact of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) on the resulting EV preparations from in vitro cultured cells-conditioned medium and biological fluids. Comparatively, low protein content and cryo-electron microscopy analysis show that SEC removes most of the overabundant soluble plasma proteins, which are not discarded using dUC or precipitating agents, while being more user friendly and less time-consuming than gradient-based EV isolation. Also, SEC highly maintains the major EVs' characteristics, including vesicular structure and content, which guarantee forthcoming applications. In sum, together with scaling-up possibilities to increase EV recovery and manufacturing following high-quality standards, SEC could be easily adapted to most laboratories to assist EV-associated biomarker discovery and to deliver innovative cell-free immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Monguió-Tortajada M, Morón-Font M, Gámez-Valero A, Carreras-Planella L, Borràs FE, Franquesa M. Extracellular-Vesicle Isolation from Different Biological Fluids by Size-Exclusion Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 49:e82. [PMID: 30698351 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes how to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different biological fluids using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and how to prepare your starting sample and the EV product for downstream applications. EVs are membrane nanovesicles with specific content that reflects the phenotype and functions of the cell of origin, including protected proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. EVs are thus an excellent resource for noninvasive biomarker discovery in a number of pathological situations and are a promising nanotherapeutic tool to overcome the disadvantages associated with cellular therapy. However, there are still no standardized methods to isolate pure EV preparations, as many approaches do not guarantee proper EV purification, free of contaminating non-EV molecules. Currently, SEC is one of the most promising approaches to purify EVs from any biological fluid, as it avoids co-isolation of contaminants and is user friendly and scalable. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Miriam Morón-Font
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ana Gámez-Valero
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Pathology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Carreras-Planella
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|