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Borini Etichetti C, Arel Zalazar E, Di Benedetto C, Cocordano N, Valente S, Bicciato S, Menacho-Márquez M, Larocca MC, Girardini J. Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) promotes invadopodia formation and metastasis in cancer cells. Biochimie 2024; 222:28-36. [PMID: 38301884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Isoprenyl cysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) catalyzes the last step of the prenylation pathway. Previously, we found that high ICMT levels enhance tumorigenesis in vivo and that its expression is repressed by the p53 tumor suppressor. Based on evidence suggesting that some ICMT substrates affect invasive traits, we wondered if this enzyme may promote metastasis. In this work, we found that ICMT overexpression enhanced lung metastasis in vivo. Accordingly, ICMT overexpression also promoted cellular functions associated with aggressive phenotypes such as migration and invasion in vitro. Considering that some ICMT substrates are involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, we hypothesized that actin-rich structures, associated with invasion and metastasis, may be affected. Our findings revealed that ICMT enhanced the formation of invadopodia. Additionally, by analyzing cancer patient databases, we found that ICMT is overexpressed in several tumor types. Furthermore, the concurrent expression of ICMT and CTTN, which encodes a crucial component of invadopodia, showed a significant correlation with clinical outcome. In summary, our work identifies ICMT overexpression as a relevant alteration in human cancer that promotes the development of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Borini Etichetti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental de Rosario, IFISE, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Evelyn Arel Zalazar
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Di Benedetto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, CA, 94143, United States.
| | - Nabila Cocordano
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, via Giuseppe Campi, 287 41125, Italy.
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - María Cecilia Larocca
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental de Rosario, IFISE, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Javier Girardini
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, IDICER, CONICET-UNR, Suipacha 590, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
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2
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Su JX, Li SJ, Zhou XF, Zhang ZJ, Yan Y, Liu SL, Qi Q. Chemotherapy-induced metastasis: molecular mechanisms and clinical therapies. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1725-1736. [PMID: 37169853 PMCID: PMC10462662 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, the most widely accepted treatment for malignant tumors, is dependent on cell death induced by various drugs including antimetabolites, alkylating agents, mitotic spindle inhibitors, antitumor antibiotics, and hormonal anticancer drugs. In addition to causing side effects due to non-selective cytotoxicity, chemotherapeutic drugs can initiate and promote metastasis, which greatly reduces their clinical efficacy. The knowledge of how they induce metastasis is essential for developing strategies that improve the outcomes of chemotherapy. Herein, we summarize the recent findings on chemotherapy-induced metastasis and discuss the underlying mechanisms including tumor-initiating cell expansion, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular vesicle involvement, and tumor microenvironment alterations. In addition, the use of combination treatments to overcome chemotherapy-induced metastasis is also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Si-Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Functional Experimental Teaching Center, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Song-Lin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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3
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Wang W, Taufalele PV, Millet M, Homsy K, Smart K, Berestesky ED, Schunk CT, Rowe MM, Bordeleau F, Reinhart-King CA. Matrix stiffness regulates tumor cell intravasation through expression and ESRP1-mediated alternative splicing of MENA. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112338. [PMID: 37027295 PMCID: PMC10551051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During intravasation, cancer cells cross the endothelial barrier and enter the circulation. Extracellular matrix stiffening has been correlated with tumor metastatic potential; however, little is known about the effects of matrix stiffness on intravasation. Here, we utilize in vitro systems, a mouse model, specimens from patients with breast cancer, and RNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) to investigate the molecular mechanism by which matrix stiffening promotes tumor cell intravasation. Our data show that heightened matrix stiffness increases MENA expression, which promotes contractility and intravasation through focal adhesion kinase activity. Further, matrix stiffening decreases epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) expression, which triggers alternative splicing of MENA, decreases the expression of MENA11a, and enhances contractility and intravasation. Altogether, our data indicate that matrix stiffness regulates tumor cell intravasation through enhanced expression and ESRP1-mediated alternative splicing of MENA, providing a mechanism by which matrix stiffness regulates tumor cell intravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Paul V Taufalele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Martial Millet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Kevin Homsy
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Kyra Smart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Emily D Berestesky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Curtis T Schunk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Matthew M Rowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Francois Bordeleau
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; Département de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie médicale et de pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Intravital imaging to study cancer progression and metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:25-42. [PMID: 36385560 PMCID: PMC9912378 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Navigation through the bulk tumour, entry into the blood vasculature, survival in the circulation, exit at distant sites and resumption of proliferation are all steps necessary for tumour cells to successfully metastasize. The ability of tumour cells to complete these steps is highly dependent on the timing and sequence of the interactions that these cells have with the tumour microenvironment (TME), including stromal cells, the extracellular matrix and soluble factors. The TME thus plays a major role in determining the overall metastatic phenotype of tumours. The complexity and cause-and-effect dynamics of the TME cannot currently be recapitulated in vitro or inferred from studies of fixed tissue, and are best studied in vivo, in real time and at single-cell resolution. Intravital imaging (IVI) offers these capabilities, and recent years have been a time of immense growth and innovation in the field. Here we review some of the recent advances in IVI of mammalian models of cancer and describe how IVI is being used to understand cancer progression and metastasis, and to develop novel treatments and therapies. We describe new techniques that allow access to a range of tissue and cancer types, novel fluorescent reporters and biosensors that allow fate mapping and the probing of functional and phenotypic states, and the clinical applications that have arisen from applying these techniques, reporters and biosensors to study cancer. We finish by presenting some of the challenges that remain in the field, how to address them and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Entenberg
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - John S Condeelis
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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5
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Ye X, Oktay MH, Xue X, Rohan TE, Ginter PS, D’Alfonso T, Kornaga EN, Morris DG, Entenberg D, Condeelis JS. Combining TMEM Doorway Score and Mena Calc Score Improves the Prediction of Distant Recurrence Risk in HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2168. [PMID: 35565297 PMCID: PMC9101795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE to develop several digital pathology-based machine vision algorithms for combining TMEM and MenaCalc scores and determine if a combination of these biomarkers improves the ability to predict development of distant metastasis over and above that of either biomarker alone. METHODS This retrospective study included a subset of 130 patients (65 patients with no recurrence and 65 patients with a recurrence at 5 years) from the Calgary Tamoxifen cohort of breast cancer patients. Patients had confirmed invasive breast cancer and received adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. Of the 130 patients, 86 cases were suitable for analysis in this study. Sequential sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded patient samples were stained for TMEM doorways (immunohistochemistry triple staining) and MenaCalc (immunofluorescence staining). Stained sections were imaged, aligned, and then scored for TMEM doorways and MenaCalc. Different ways of combining TMEM doorway and MenaCalc scores were evaluated and compared to identify the best performing combined marker by using the restricted mean survival time (RMST) difference method. RESULTS the best performing combined marker gave an RMST difference of 5.27 years (95% CI: 1.71-8.37), compared to 3.56 years (95% CI: 0.95-6.1) for the associated standalone TMEM doorway analysis and 2.94 years (95% CI: 0.25-5.87) for the associated standalone MenaCalc analysis. CONCLUSIONS combining TMEM doorway and MenaCalc scores as a new biomarker improves prognostication over that observed with TMEM doorway or MenaCalc Score alone in this cohort of 86 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Ye
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (X.Y.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (X.Y.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (X.X.); (T.E.R.)
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (X.X.); (T.E.R.)
| | - Paula S. Ginter
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, NY 11501, USA;
| | - Timothy D’Alfonso
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Elizabeth N. Kornaga
- Translational Laboratories, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada; (E.N.K.); (D.G.M.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Don G. Morris
- Translational Laboratories, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada; (E.N.K.); (D.G.M.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (X.Y.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (X.Y.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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6
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Solomon J, Raškova M, Rösel D, Brábek J, Gil-Henn H. Are We Ready for Migrastatics? Cells 2021; 10:cells10081845. [PMID: 34440616 PMCID: PMC8392519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the highest mortality rates in solid tumor cancer patients. However, research and development have neglected this most lethal characteristic and, instead, have concentrated on the hallmarks of cancer that make tumor cells highly proliferative and distinctive from nonmalignant cells. The concentration on invasion and metastasis can be one of the most meaningful advancements in cancer investigation. Importantly, metastasis-free survival (MFS) was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a novel primary endpoint in clinical trials and has been used to evaluate the prognosis of patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and soft tissue sarcoma. This new definition enables to shift the focus of research and development in cancer therapeutics toward metastasis and to change the emphasis from using tumor shrinkage as a benchmark for indicating the efficacy of treatment to using MFS as a more representative endpoint for antimetastatic drugs. This perspective outlines the possibility to use this novel endpoint in other solid cancers, and examples of large clinical trials are given in which MFS is defined as an endpoint and/or in which antimetastatic strategies are being examined. These advances now open the door for the rapid development of antimetastatic therapies, which could be used in combination with standard cytotoxic cancer therapies. With pioneer research on metastasis prevention on the rise and the underlying biomechanisms of tumor cell motility and invasion explored further than ever before, we believe an intensified focus on antimetastatic properties will shape this era of cancer translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Solomon
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
| | - Magdalena Raškova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Invasion, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Faculties of Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Invasion, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Faculties of Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Invasion, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Faculties of Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (H.G.-H.)
| | - Hava Gil-Henn
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (H.G.-H.)
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7
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Borriello L, Karagiannis GS, Duran CL, Coste A, Oktay MH, Entenberg D, Condeelis JS. The role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor cell intravasation and dissemination. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151098. [PMID: 32800278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, a process that requires tumor cell dissemination followed by tumor growth, is the primary cause of death in cancer patients. An essential step of tumor cell dissemination is intravasation, a process by which tumor cells cross the blood vessel endothelium and disseminate to distant sites. Studying this process is of utmost importance given that intravasation in the primary tumor, as well as the secondary and tertiary metastases, is the key step in the systemic spread of tumor cells, and that this process continues even after removal of the primary tumor. High-resolution intravital imaging of the tumor microenvironment of breast carcinoma has revealed that tumor cell intravasation exclusively occurs at doorways, termed "Tumor MicroEnvironment of Metastasis" (TMEM), composed of three different cell types: a Tie2high/VEGFhigh perivascular macrophage, a Mena overexpressing tumor cell, and an endothelial cell, all in direct contact. In this review article, we discuss the interactions between these cell types, the subsequent signaling events which lead to tumor cell intravasation, and the role of invadopodia in supporting tumor cell invasion and dissemination. We end our review by discussing how the knowledge acquired from the use of intravital imaging is now leading to new clinical trials targeting tumor cell dissemination and preventing metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Borriello
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Camille L Duran
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anouchka Coste
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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8
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Validation of an Automated Quantitative Digital Pathology Approach for Scoring TMEM, a Prognostic Biomarker for Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040846. [PMID: 32244564 PMCID: PMC7226227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis causes ~90% of breast cancer mortality. However, standard prognostic tests based mostly on proliferation genes do not measure metastatic potential. Tumor MicroEnvironment of Metastasis (TMEM), an immunohistochemical biomarker for doorways on blood vessels that support tumor cell dissemination is prognostic for metastatic outcome in breast cancer patients. Studies quantifying TMEM doorways have involved manual scoring by pathologists utilizing static digital microscopy: a labor-intensive process unsuitable for use in clinical practice. We report here a validation study evaluating a new quantitative digital pathology (QDP) tool (TMEM-DP) for identification and quantification of TMEM doorways that closely mimics pathologists’ workflow and reduces pathologists’ variability to levels suitable for use in a clinical setting. Blinded to outcome, QDP was applied to a nested case-control study consisting of 259 matched case-control pairs. Sixty subjects of these were manually scored by five pathologists, digitally recorded using whole slide imaging (WSI), and then used for algorithm development and optimization. Validation was performed on the remainder of the cohort. TMEM-DP shows excellent reproducibility and concordance and reduces pathologist time from ~60 min to ~5 min per case. Concordance between manual scoring and TMEM-DP was found to be >0.79. These results show that TMEM-DP is capable of accurately identifying and scoring TMEM doorways (also known as MetaSite score) equivalent to pathologists.
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9
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Berger AJ, Renner CM, Hale I, Yang X, Ponik SM, Weisman PS, Masters KS, Kreeger PK. Scaffold stiffness influences breast cancer cell invasion via EGFR-linked Mena upregulation and matrix remodeling. Matrix Biol 2020; 85-86:80-93. [PMID: 31323325 PMCID: PMC6962577 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, increased breast tumor stiffness is associated with metastasis and poorer outcomes. Yet, in vitro studies of tumor cells in 3D scaffolds have found decreased invasion in stiffer environments. To resolve this apparent contradiction, MDA-MB-231 breast tumor spheroids were embedded in 'low' (2 kPa) and 'high' (12 kPa) stiffness 3D hydrogels comprised of methacrylated gelatin/collagen I, a material that allows for physiologically-relevant changes in stiffness while matrix density is held constant. Cells in high stiffness materials exhibited delayed invasion, but more abundant actin-enriched protrusions, compared to those in low stiffness. We find that cells in high stiffness had increased expression of Mena, an invadopodia protein associated with metastasis in breast cancer, as a result of EGFR and PLCγ1 activation. As invadopodia promote invasion through matrix remodeling, we examined matrix organization and determined that spheroids in high stiffness displayed a large fibronectin halo. Interestingly, this halo did not result from increased fibronectin production, but rather from Mena/α5 integrin dependent organization. In high stiffness environments, FN1 knockout inhibited invasion while addition of exogenous cellular fibronectin lessened the invasion delay. Analysis of fibronectin isoforms demonstrated that EDA-fibronectin promoted invasion and that clinical invasive breast cancer specimens displayed elevated EDA-fibronectin. Combined, our data support a mechanism by which breast cancer cells respond to stiffness and render the environment conducive to invasion. More broadly, these findings provide important insight on the roles of matrix stiffness, composition, and organization in promoting tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Carine M Renner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Isaac Hale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Xinhai Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Paul S Weisman
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America; Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kristyn S Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America.
| | - Pamela K Kreeger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America.
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10
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Aisina D, Niyazova R, Atambayeva S, Ivashchenko A. Prediction of clusters of miRNA binding sites in mRNA candidate genes of breast cancer subtypes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8049. [PMID: 31741798 PMCID: PMC6858813 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of breast cancer (BC) subtypes is controlled by distinct sets of candidate genes, and the expression of these genes is regulated by the binding of their mRNAs with miRNAs. Predicting miRNA associations and target genes is thus essential when studying breast cancer. The MirTarget program identifies the initiation of miRNA binding to mRNA, the localization of miRNA binding sites in mRNA regions, and the free energy from the binding of all miRNA nucleotides with mRNA. Candidate gene mRNAs have clusters (miRNA binding sites with overlapping nucleotide sequences). mRNAs of EPOR, MAZ and NISCH candidate genes of the HER2 subtype have clusters, and there are four clusters in mRNAs of MAZ, BRCA2 and CDK6 genes. Candidate genes of the triple-negative subtype are targets for multiple miRNAs. There are 11 sites in CBL mRNA, five sites in MMP2 mRNA, and RAB5A mRNA contains two clusters in each of the three sites. In SFN mRNA, there are two clusters in three sites, and one cluster in 21 sites. Candidate genes of luminal A and B subtypes are targets for miRNAs: there are 21 sites in FOXA1 mRNA and 15 sites in HMGA2 mRNA. There are clusters of five sites in mRNAs of ITGB1 and SOX4 genes. Clusters of eight sites and 10 sites are identified in mRNAs of SMAD3 and TGFB1 genes, respectively. Organizing miRNA binding sites into clusters reduces the proportion of nucleotide binding sites in mRNAs. This overlapping of miRNA binding sites creates a competition among miRNAs for a binding site. From 6,272 miRNAs studied, only 29 miRNAs from miRBase and 88 novel miRNAs had binding sites in clusters of target gene mRNA in breast cancer. We propose using associations of miRNAs and their target genes as markers in breast cancer subtype diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Aisina
- Department of Biotechnology, SRI of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Raigul Niyazova
- Department of Biotechnology, SRI of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Shara Atambayeva
- Department of Biotechnology, SRI of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anatoliy Ivashchenko
- Department of Biotechnology, SRI of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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11
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Forse CL, Pinnaduwage D, Bull SB, Mulligan AM, Andrulis IL. Fresh Cut Versus Stored Cut Paraffin-embedded Tissue: Effect on Immunohistochemical Staining for Common Breast Cancer Markers. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 27:231-237. [PMID: 29553968 PMCID: PMC6141355 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The proper handling of unstained paraffin slides for immunohistochemistry has been a matter of debate, with several studies demonstrating loss of antigenicity with prolonged storage at room temperature, 4°C and -20°C. The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term storage of unstained slides at -80°C would impact the staining intensity and expression distribution of markers used to molecularly subtype breast cancer specimens [estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), cytokeratin 5 (CK5), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Ki67]. The staining pattern of previously unstained breast tumor slides (n=39 to 64) stored at -80°C for a minimum of 9.93 years (avg., 12.8 y) was compared with the staining pattern of fresh cut slides from the same tumors. The Allred scoring method was used to score ER (0 to 2, negative; 3 to 8, positive), CK5 (≥4, positive), and EGFR (≥4, positive). ASCO/CAP guidelines were used to assess HER2 (0/1+, 2+, or 3+). Ki67 scores were determined based on the proportion of cells stained of any intensity, with 20% staining used as a cut-off. Agreement was assessed using concordance rates and chance-corrected agreement statistics. The chance-corrected agreements were as follows: 0.94 (38/39) for ER, 0.92 (53/55) for CK5, 0.87 (61/64) for EGFR, 0.86 (37/39) for HER2, and 0.67 (46/54) for Ki67. Long-term storage of cut unstained slides at -80°C does not significantly impact the scoring interpretation of ER, CK5, EGFR, and HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. Forse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | | | - Shelley B. Bull
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON
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12
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Sanchez LR, Borriello L, Entenberg D, Condeelis JS, Oktay MH, Karagiannis GS. The emerging roles of macrophages in cancer metastasis and response to chemotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:259-274. [PMID: 30720887 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0218-056rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent a heterogeneous group of cells, capable of carrying out distinct functions in a variety of organs and tissues. Even within individual tissues, their functions can vary with location. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) specialize into three major subtypes that carry out multiple tasks simultaneously. This is especially true in the context of metastasis, where TAMs establish most of the cellular and molecular prerequisites for successful cancer cell dissemination and seeding to the secondary site. Perivascular TAMs operate in the perivascular niche, where they promote tumor angiogenesis and aid in the assembly of intravasation sites called tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM). Streaming TAMs co-migrate with tumor cells (irrespective of the perivascular niche) and promote matrix remodeling, tumor cell invasiveness, and an immunosuppressive local microenvironment. Premetastatic TAMs are recruited to the premetastatic niche, where they can assist in tumor cell extravasation, seeding, and metastatic colonization. The dynamic interplay between TAMs and tumor cells can also modify the ability of the latter to resist cytotoxic chemotherapy (a phenotype known as environment-mediated drug resistance) and induce chemotherapy-mediated pro-metastatic microenvironmental changes. These observations suggest that future therapeutics should be designed to target TAMs with the aim of suppressing the metastatic potential of tumors and rendering chemotherapy more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rivera Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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13
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Enah overexpression is correlated with poor survival and aggressive phenotype in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:998. [PMID: 30250066 PMCID: PMC6155292 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enabled homolog (Enah), which is a member of the Ena/VASP family that also includes VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) and Ena/VASP like, is a mammalian ortholog of Drosophila Enabled (Ena). An increasing number of studies demonstrated Enah overexpression is involved in human colorectal carcinomas, breast cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the significance of Enah expression in gastric cancer (GC) is poorly elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that Enah is upregulated in GC and associated with AJCC stage, depth of invasion and poor overall survival (OS). Knockdown of Enah inhibited GC cell proliferation and metastasis and vice versa. Further experiments suggested that p-Erk1/2, p-AKT, p-p65, Vimentin and Fibronectin were downregulated and E-cadherin was upregulated after Enah silencing, implicating altered functions in GC proliferation and metastasis. Thus, our study suggests that Enah is a harmful factor for GC and a novel target for GC treatment.
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14
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Meirson T, Gil-Henn H. Targeting invadopodia for blocking breast cancer metastasis. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 39:1-17. [PMID: 30075834 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor and their spread to distant sites of the body is the leading cause of mortality in metastatic cancer patients. Metastatic cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and blood vessels by forming F-actin-rich protrusions known as invadopodia, which degrade the extracellular matrix and enable invasion of tumor cells through it. Invadopodia have now been observed in vivo, and recent evidence demonstrates direct molecular links between assembly of invadopodia and cancer metastasis in both mouse models and in human patients. While significant progress has been achieved in the last decade in understanding the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating invadopodia formation and function, the application of this knowledge to development of prognostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer metastasis has not been discussed before. Here, we provide a detailed overview of current prognostic markers and tests for cancer metastasis and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and their predicted efficiency. Using bioinformatic patient database analysis, we demonstrate, for the first time, a significant correlation between invadopodia-associated genes to breast cancer metastasis, suggesting that invadopodia could be used as both a prognostic marker and as a therapeutic target for blocking cancer metastasis. We include here a novel network interaction map of invadopodia-associated proteins with currently available inhibitors, demonstrating a central role for the recently identified EGFR-Pyk2-Src-Arg-cortactin invadopodial pathway, to which re-purposing of existent inhibitors could be used to block breast cancer metastasis. We then present an updated overview of current cancer-related clinical trials, demonstrating the negligible number of trials focusing on cancer metastasis. We also discuss the difficulties and complexity of performing cancer metastasis clinical trials, and the possible development of anti-metastasis drug resistance when using a prolonged preventive treatment with invadopodia inhibitors. This review presents a new perspective on invadopodia-mediated tumor invasiveness and may lead to the development of novel prognostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Meirson
- Laboratory of Cell Migration and Invasion, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Hava Gil-Henn
- Laboratory of Cell Migration and Invasion, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.
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15
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IMP1, an mRNA binding protein that reduces the metastatic potential of breast cancer in a mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72662-72671. [PMID: 27655671 PMCID: PMC5341935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells that are able to localize β-actin mRNA efficiently have decreased metastatic potential. Invasive carcinoma cells derived from primary mammary tumors have reduced levels of an RNA binding protein IMP1/ZBP1/IGF2BP1, required for β-actin mRNA localization. We showed previously that in human breast carcinoma cells in vitro, this protein suppresses invasion. In this work we examined whether its re-expression can suppress breast cancer metastasis in a breast cancer mouse model. We developed a mouse conditionally expressing IMP1-GFP (hereinafter referred to as the IMP1 transgene) specifically in the mammary gland of a PYMT breast cancer mouse. We found that mice conditionally expressing the IMP1 transgene showed little or no metastases to the lungs from the primary tumor in contrast to PYMT mice not expressing IMP1, which uniformly develop metastases at an early stage.
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16
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Chemotherapy-induced metastasis: mechanisms and translational opportunities. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:269-284. [PMID: 29307118 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumors often overcome the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy through either acquired or environment-mediated drug resistance. In addition, signals from the microenvironment obfuscate the beneficial effects of chemotherapy and may facilitate progression and metastatic dissemination. Seminal mediators in chemotherapy-induced metastasis appear to be a wide range of hematopoietic, mesenchymal and immune progenitor cells, originating from the bone marrow. The actual purpose of these cells is to orchestrate the repair response to the cytotoxic damage of chemotherapy. However, these repair responses are exploited by tumor cells at every step of the metastatic cascade, ranging from tumor cell invasion, intravasation and hematogenous dissemination to extravasation and effective colonization at the metastatic site. A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of chemotherapy-induced metastasis will allow us to better predict which patients are more likely to exhibit pro-metastatic responses to chemotherapy and will help develop new therapeutic strategies to neutralize chemotherapy-driven prometastatic changes.
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17
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Karagiannis GS, Pastoriza JM, Wang Y, Harney AS, Entenberg D, Pignatelli J, Sharma VP, Xue EA, Cheng E, D'Alfonso TM, Jones JG, Anampa J, Rohan TE, Sparano JA, Condeelis JS, Oktay MH. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy induces breast cancer metastasis through a TMEM-mediated mechanism. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaan0026. [PMID: 28679654 PMCID: PMC5592784 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells disseminate through TIE2/MENACalc/MENAINV-dependent cancer cell intravasation sites, called tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM), which are clinically validated as prognostic markers of metastasis in breast cancer patients. Using fixed tissue and intravital imaging of a PyMT murine model and patient-derived xenografts, we show that chemotherapy increases the density and activity of TMEM sites and Mena expression and promotes distant metastasis. Moreover, in the residual breast cancers of patients treated with neoadjuvant paclitaxel after doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, TMEM score and its mechanistically connected MENAINV isoform expression pattern were both increased, suggesting that chemotherapy, despite decreasing tumor size, increases the risk of metastatic dissemination. Chemotherapy-induced TMEM activity and cancer cell dissemination were reversed by either administration of the TIE2 inhibitor rebastinib or knockdown of the MENA gene. Our results indicate that TMEM score increases and MENA isoform expression pattern changes with chemotherapy and can be used in predicting prometastatic changes in response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, inhibitors of TMEM function may improve clinical benefits of chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting or in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica M Pastoriza
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Allison S Harney
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeanine Pignatelli
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ved P Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Emily A Xue
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy M D'Alfonso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joan G Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jesus Anampa
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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18
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Tumor Cell Invadopodia: Invasive Protrusions that Orchestrate Metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:595-607. [PMID: 28412099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia are a subset of invadosomes that are implicated in the integration of signals from the tumor microenvironment to support tumor cell invasion and dissemination. Recent progress has begun to define how tumor cells regulate the plasticity necessary for invadopodia to assemble and function efficiently in the different microenvironments encountered during dissemination in vivo. Exquisite mapping by many laboratories of the pathways involved in integrating diverse invadopodium initiation signals, from growth factors, to extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell contact in the tumor microenvironment, has led to insight into the molecular basis of this plasticity. Here, we integrate this new information to discuss how the invadopodium is an important conductor that orchestrates tumor cell dissemination during metastasis.
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19
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Sparano JA, Gray R, Oktay MH, Entenberg D, Rohan T, Xue X, Donovan M, Peterson M, Shuber A, Hamilton DA, D’Alfonso T, Goldstein LJ, Gertler F, Davidson NE, Condeelis J, Jones J. A metastasis biomarker (MetaSite Breast™ Score) is associated with distant recurrence in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2017; 3:42. [PMID: 29138761 PMCID: PMC5678158 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-017-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death in early-stage breast cancer. We evaluated the association between a metastasis biomarker, which we call "Tumor Microenviroment of Metastasis" (TMEM), and risk of recurrence. TMEM are microanatomic structures where invasive tumor cells are in direct contact with endothelial cells and macrophages, and which serve as intravasation sites for tumor cells into the circulation. We evaluated primary tumors from 600 patients with Stage I-III breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in trial E2197 (NCT00003519), plus endocrine therapy for hormone receptor (HR)+ disease. TMEM were identified and enumerated using an analytically validated, fully automated digital pathology/image analysis method (MetaSite Breast™), hereafter referred to as MetaSite Score (MS). The objectives were to determine the association between MS and distant relapse free interval (DRFI) and relapse free interval (RFI). MS was not associated with tumor size or nodal status, and correlated poorly with Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (r = 0.29) in 297 patients with HR+/HER2- disease. Proportional hazards models revealed a significant positive association between continuous MS and DRFI (p = 0.001) and RFI (p = 0.00006) in HR+/HER2- disease in years 0-5, and by MS tertiles for DRFI (p = 0.04) and RFI (p = 0.01), but not after year 5 or in triple negative or HER2+ disease. Multivariate models in HR+/HER- disease including continuous MS, clinical covariates, and categorical Recurrence Score (<18, 18-30, > 30) showed MS is an independent predictor for 5-year RFI (p = 0.05). MetaSite Score provides prognostic information for early recurrence complementary to clinicopathologic features and Recurrence Score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Sparano
- 0000 0001 2152 0791grid.240283.fMontefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695 Eastchester Road, 10461 Bronx, NY USA
| | | | - Maja H. Oktay
- 0000 0001 2152 0791grid.240283.fMontefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695 Eastchester Road, 10461 Bronx, NY USA
| | - David Entenberg
- 0000 0001 2152 0791grid.240283.fAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Thomas Rohan
- 0000 0001 2152 0791grid.240283.fAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- 0000 0001 2152 0791grid.240283.fAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Michael Donovan
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cMt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lori J. Goldstein
- 0000 0004 0456 6466grid.412530.1Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Frank Gertler
- 0000 0001 2341 2786grid.116068.8Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nancy E. Davidson
- 0000 0004 0456 9819grid.478063.eUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - John Condeelis
- 0000 0001 2152 0791grid.240283.fAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Joan Jones
- 0000 0001 2152 0791grid.240283.fAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
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20
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Pignatelli J, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Roh-Johnson M, Gandhi SJ, Wang Y, Chen X, Eddy RJ, Xue A, Singer RH, Hodgson L, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Macrophage-dependent tumor cell transendothelial migration is mediated by Notch1/Mena INV-initiated invadopodium formation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37874. [PMID: 27901093 PMCID: PMC5129016 DOI: 10.1038/srep37874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of intravasation involving transendothelial migration is a key step in metastatic spread. How the triple cell complex composed of a macrophage, Mena over-expressing tumor cell and endothelial cell, called the tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM), facilitates tumor cell transendothelial migration is not completely understood. Previous work has shown that the physical contact between a macrophage and tumor cell results in the formation of invadopodia, actin-rich matrix degrading protrusions, important for tumor cell invasion and transendothelial migration and tumor cell dissemination. Herein, we show that the macrophage-induced invadopodium is formed through a Notch1/MenaINV signaling pathway in the tumor cell upon macrophage contact. This heterotypic tumor cell – macrophage interaction results in the upregulation of MenaINV through the activation of MENA transcription. Notch1 and MenaINV expression are required for tumor cell transendothelial migration, a necessary step during intravasation. Inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway blocked macrophage-induced invadopodium formation in vitro and the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor in vivo. Our findings indicate a novel role for Notch1 signaling in the regulation of MenaINV expression and transendothelial migration and provide mechanistic information essential to the use of therapeutic inhibitors of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine Pignatelli
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.,Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.,Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.,Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Saumil J Gandhi
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.,Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Robert J Eddy
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alice Xue
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Robert H Singer
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.,Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.,Department of Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.,Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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21
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Blood vessel endothelium-directed tumor cell streaming in breast tumors requires the HGF/C-Met signaling pathway. Oncogene 2016; 36:2680-2692. [PMID: 27893712 PMCID: PMC5426963 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During metastasis to distant sites, tumor cells migrate to blood vessels. In vivo, breast tumor cells utilize a specialized mode of migration known as streaming, where a linear assembly of tumor cells migrate directionally towards blood vessels on fibronectin-collagen I-containing extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers in response to chemotactic signals. We have successfully reconstructed tumor cell streaming in vitro by co-plating tumors cells, macrophages and endothelial cells on 2.5 μm thick ECM-coated micro-patterned substrates. We found that tumor cells and macrophages, when plated together on the micro-patterned substrates, do not demonstrate sustained directional migration in only one direction (sustained directionality) but show random bi-directional walking. Sustained directionality of tumor cells as seen in vivo was established in vitro when beads coated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells were placed at one end of the micro-patterned 'ECM fibers' within the assay. We demonstrated that these endothelial cells supply the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) required for the chemotactic gradient responsible for sustained directionality. Using this in vitro reconstituted streaming system, we found that directional streaming is dependent on, and most effectively blocked, by inhibiting the HGF/C-Met signaling pathway between endothelial cells and tumor cells. Key observations made with the in vitro reconstituted system implicating C-Met signaling were confirmed in vivo in mammary tumors using the in vivo invasion assay and intravital multiphoton imaging of tumor cell streaming. These results establish HGF/C-Met as a central organizing signal in blood vessel-directed tumor cell migration in vivo and highlight a promising role for C-Met inhibitors in blocking tumor cell streaming and metastasis in vivo, and for use in human trials.
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22
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Mena INV dysregulates cortactin phosphorylation to promote invadopodium maturation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36142. [PMID: 27824079 PMCID: PMC5099927 DOI: 10.1038/srep36142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia, actin-based protrusions of invasive carcinoma cells that focally activate extracellular matrix-degrading proteases, are essential for the migration and intravasation of tumor cells during dissemination from the primary tumor. We have previously shown that cortactin phosphorylation at tyrosine residues, in particular tyrosine 421, promotes actin polymerization at newly-forming invadopodia, promoting their maturation to matrix-degrading structures. However, the mechanism by which cells regulate the cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle at invadopodia is unknown. Mena, an actin barbed-end capping protein antagonist, is expressed as various splice-isoforms. The MenaINV isoform is upregulated in migratory and invasive sub-populations of breast carcinoma cells, and is involved in tumor cell intravasation. Here we show that forced MenaINV expression increases invadopodium maturation to a far greater extent than equivalent expression of other Mena isoforms. MenaINV is recruited to invadopodium precursors just after their initial assembly at the plasma membrane, and promotes the phosphorylation of cortactin tyrosine 421 at invadopodia. In addition, we show that cortactin phosphorylation at tyrosine 421 is suppressed by the phosphatase PTP1B, and that PTP1B localization to the invadopodium is reduced by MenaINV expression. We conclude that MenaINV promotes invadopodium maturation by inhibiting normal dephosphorylation of cortactin at tyrosine 421 by the phosphatase PTP1B.
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23
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Oudin MJ, Barbier L, Schäfer C, Kosciuk T, Miller MA, Han S, Jonas O, Lauffenburger DA, Gertler FB. MENA Confers Resistance to Paclitaxel in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:143-155. [PMID: 27811011 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Taxane therapy remains the standard of care for triple-negative breast cancer. However, high frequencies of recurrence and progression in treated patients indicate that metastatic breast cancer cells can acquire resistance to this drug. The actin regulatory protein MENA and particularly its invasive isoform, MENAINV, are established drivers of metastasis. MENAINV expression is significantly correlated with metastasis and poor outcome in human patients with breast cancer. We investigated whether MENA isoforms might play a role in driving resistance to chemotherapeutics. We find that both MENA and MENAINV confer resistance to the taxane paclitaxel, but not to the widely used DNA-damaging agents doxorubicin or cisplatin. Furthermore, paclitaxel treatment does not attenuate growth of MENAINV-driven metastatic lesions. Mechanistically, MENA isoform expression alters the ratio of dynamic and stable microtubule populations in paclitaxel-treated cells. MENA expression also increases MAPK signaling in response to paclitaxel treatment. Decreasing ERK phosphorylation by co-treatment with MEK inhibitor restored paclitaxel sensitivity by driving microtubule stabilization in MENA isoform-expressing cells. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of taxane resistance in highly metastatic breast cancer cells and identify a combination therapy to overcome such resistance. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 143-55. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J Oudin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lucie Barbier
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,ENS-Cachan, Cachan, France
| | - Claudia Schäfer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tatsiana Kosciuk
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Miles A Miller
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangyoon Han
- Lydia Hill Department for Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Oliver Jonas
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B Gertler
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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24
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Balsamo M, Mondal C, Carmona G, McClain LM, Riquelme DN, Tadros J, Ma D, Vasile E, Condeelis JS, Lauffenburger DA, Gertler FB. The alternatively-included 11a sequence modifies the effects of Mena on actin cytoskeletal organization and cell behavior. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35298. [PMID: 27748415 PMCID: PMC5066228 DOI: 10.1038/srep35298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor progression, alternative splicing gives rise to different Mena protein isoforms. We analyzed how Mena11a, an isoform enriched in epithelia and epithelial-like cells, affects Mena-dependent regulation of actin dynamics and cell behavior. While other Mena isoforms promote actin polymerization and drive membrane protrusion, we find that Mena11a decreases actin polymerization and growth factor-stimulated membrane protrusion at lamellipodia. Ectopic Mena11a expression slows mesenchymal-like cell motility, while isoform-specific depletion of endogenous Mena11a in epithelial-like tumor cells perturbs cell:cell junctions and increases membrane protrusion and overall cell motility. Mena11a can dampen membrane protrusion and reduce actin polymerization in the absence of other Mena isoforms, indicating that it is not simply an inactive Mena isoform. We identify a phosphorylation site within 11a that is required for some Mena11a-specific functions. RNA-seq data analysis from patient cohorts demonstrates that the difference between mRNAs encoding constitutive Mena sequences and those containing the 11a exon correlates with metastasis in colorectal cancer, suggesting that 11a exon exclusion contributes to invasive phenotypes and leads to poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Balsamo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chandrani Mondal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guillaume Carmona
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leslie M McClain
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daisy N Riquelme
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jenny Tadros
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Duan Ma
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eliza Vasile
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frank B Gertler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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25
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Rodriguez-Tirado C, Kitamura T, Kato Y, Pollard JW, Condeelis JS, Entenberg D. Long-term High-Resolution Intravital Microscopy in the Lung with a Vacuum Stabilized Imaging Window. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768066 DOI: 10.3791/54603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to secondary sites such as the lung, liver and bone is a traumatic event with a mortality rate of approximately 90% 1. Of these sites, the lung is the most difficult to assess using intravital optical imaging due to its enclosed position within the body, delicate nature and vital role in sustaining proper physiology. While clinical modalities (positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT)) are capable of providing noninvasive images of this tissue, they lack the resolution necessary to visualize the earliest seeding events, with a single pixel consisting of nearly a thousand cells. Current models of metastatic lung seeding postulate that events just after a tumor cell's arrival are deterministic for survival and subsequent growth. This means that real-time intravital imaging tools with single cell resolution 2 are required in order to define the phenotypes of the seeding cells and test these models. While high resolution optical imaging of the lung has been performed using various ex vivo preparations, these experiments are typically single time-point assays and are susceptible to artifacts and possible erroneous conclusions due to the dramatically altered environment (temperature, profusion, cytokines, etc.) resulting from removal from the chest cavity and circulatory system 3. Recent work has shown that time-lapse intravital optical imaging of the intact lung is possible using a vacuum stabilized imaging window 2,4,5 however, typical imaging times have been limited to approximately 6 hr. Here we describe a protocol for performing long-term intravital time-lapse imaging of the lung utilizing such a window over a period of 12 hr. The time-lapse image sequences obtained using this method enable visualization and quantitation of cell-cell interactions, membrane dynamics and vascular perfusion in the lung. We further describe an image processing technique that gives an unprecedentedly clear view of the lung microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Jeffery W Pollard
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine;
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26
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Karagiannis GS, Goswami S, Jones JG, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Signatures of breast cancer metastasis at a glance. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1751-8. [PMID: 27084578 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.183129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has yielded expression signatures from which prognostic tests can be derived to facilitate clinical decision making in breast cancer patients. Some of these signatures are based on profiling of whole tumor tissue (tissue signatures), which includes all tumor and stromal cells. Prognostic markers have also been derived from the profiling of metastasizing tumor cells, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and migratory-disseminating tumor cells within the primary tumor. The metastasis signatures based on CTCs and migratory-disseminating tumor cells have greater potential for unraveling cell biology insights and mechanistic underpinnings of tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. Of clinical interest is the promise that stratification of patients into high or low metastatic risk, as well as assessing the need for cytotoxic therapy, might be improved if prognostics derived from these two types of signatures are used in a combined way. The aim of this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster is to navigate through both types of signatures and their derived prognostics, as well as to highlight biological insights and clinical applications that could be derived from them, especially when they are used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sumanta Goswami
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joan G Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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27
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Oudin MJ, Hughes SK, Rohani N, Moufarrej MN, Jones JG, Condeelis JS, Lauffenburger DA, Gertler FB. Characterization of the expression of the pro-metastatic Mena(INV) isoform during breast tumor progression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:249-61. [PMID: 26680363 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Several functionally distinct isoforms of the actin regulatory Mena are produced by alternative splicing during tumor progression. Forced expression of the Mena(INV) isoform drives invasion, intravasation and metastasis. However, the abundance and distribution of endogenously expressed Mena(INV) within primary tumors during progression remain unknown, as most studies to date have only assessed relative mRNA levels from dissociated tumor samples. We have developed a Mena(INV) isoform-specific monoclonal antibody and used it to examine Mena(INV) expression patterns in mouse mammary and human breast tumors. Mena(INV) expression increases during tumor progression and to examine the relationship between Mena(INV) expression and markers for epithelial or mesenchymal status, stemness, stromal cell types and hypoxic regions. Further, while Mena(INV) robustly expressed in vascularized areas of the tumor, it is not confined to cells adjacent to blood vessels. Altogether, these data demonstrate the specificity and utility of the anti-Mena(INV)-isoform specific antibody, and provide the first description of endogenous Mena(INV) protein expression in mouse and human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J Oudin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Shannon K Hughes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nazanin Rohani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mira N Moufarrej
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joan G Jones
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frank B Gertler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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