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Fieuws C, Van der Meulen J, Proesmans K, De Jaeghere EA, Loontiens S, Van Dorpe J, Tummers P, Denys H, Van de Vijver K, Claes KBM. Identification of potentially actionable genetic variants in epithelial ovarian cancer: a retrospective cohort study. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:71. [PMID: 38519644 PMCID: PMC10959961 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, mainly due to late-stage diagnosis, frequent recurrences, and eventually therapy resistance. To identify potentially actionable genetic variants, sequencing data of 351 Belgian ovarian cancer patients were retrospectively captured from electronic health records. The cohort included 286 (81%) patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer, 17 (5%) with low-grade serous ovarian cancer, and 48 (14%) with other histotypes. Firstly, an overview of the prevalence and spectrum of the BRCA1/2 variants highlighted germline variants in 4% (11/250) and somatic variants in 11% (37/348) of patients. Secondly, application of a multi-gene panel in 168 tumors revealed a total of 214 variants in 28 genes beyond BRCA1/2 with a median of 1 (IQR, 1-2) genetic variant per patient. The ten most often altered genes were (in descending order): TP53, BRCA1, PIK3CA, BRCA2, KRAS, ERBB2 (HER2), TERT promotor, RB1, PIK3R1 and PTEN. Of note, the genetic landscape vastly differed between the studied histotypes. Finally, using ESCAT the clinical evidence of utility for every genetic variant was scored. Only BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants were classified as tier-I. Nearly all patients (151/168; 90%) had an ESCAT tier-II variant, most frequently in TP53 (74%), PIK3CA (9%) and KRAS (7%). In conclusion, our findings imply that although only a small proportion of genetic variants currently have direct impact on ovarian cancer treatment decisions, other variants could help to identify novel (personalized) treatment options to address the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer, particularly in rare histotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Fieuws
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joni Van der Meulen
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Emiel A De Jaeghere
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siebe Loontiens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Tummers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Denys
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van de Vijver
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen B M Claes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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Murawski M, Jagodziński A, Bielawska-Pohl A, Klimczak A. Complexity of the Genetic Background of Oncogenesis in Ovarian Cancer-Genetic Instability and Clinical Implications. Cells 2024; 13:345. [PMID: 38391958 PMCID: PMC10886918 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among women with gynecological cancers, and is often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poor outcomes. This review explores genetic aspects of high-grade serous, endometrioid, and clear-cell ovarian carcinomas, emphasizing personalized treatment approaches. Specific mutations such as TP53 in high-grade serous and BRAF/KRAS in low-grade serous carcinomas highlight the need for tailored therapies. Varying mutation prevalence across subtypes, including BRCA1/2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, and c-myc amplification, offers potential therapeutic targets. This review underscores TP53's pivotal role and advocates p53 immunohistochemical staining for mutational analysis. BRCA1/2 mutations' significance as genetic risk factors and their relevance in PARP inhibitor therapy are discussed, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing. This review also addresses the paradoxical better prognosis linked to KRAS and BRAF mutations in ovarian cancer. ARID1A, PIK3CA, and PTEN alterations in platinum resistance contribute to the genetic landscape. Therapeutic strategies, like restoring WT p53 function and exploring PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, are considered. The evolving understanding of genetic factors in ovarian carcinomas supports tailored therapeutic approaches based on individual tumor genetic profiles. Ongoing research shows promise for advancing personalized treatments and refining genetic testing in neoplastic diseases, including ovarian cancer. Clinical genetic screening tests can identify women at increased risk, guiding predictive cancer risk-reducing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Murawski
- 1st Clinical Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Jagodziński
- 1st Clinical Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Bielawska-Pohl
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.-P.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Klimczak
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.-P.); (A.K.)
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van der Ploeg P, Hendrikse CSE, Thijs AMJ, Westgeest HM, Smedts HPM, Vos MC, Jalving M, Lok CAR, Boere IA, van Ham MAPC, Ottevanger PB, Westermann AM, Mom CH, Lalisang RI, Lambrechts S, Bekkers RLM, Piek JMJ. Phenotype-guided targeted therapy based on functional signal transduction pathway activity in recurrent ovarian cancer patients: The STAPOVER study protocol. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23170. [PMID: 38187310 PMCID: PMC10770441 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Ovarian cancer is the fifth cause of cancer-related death among women. The benefit of targeted therapy for ovarian cancer patients is limited even if treatment is stratified by molecular signature. There remains a high unmet need for alternative diagnostics that better predict targeted therapy, as current diagnostics are generally inaccurate predictors. Quantitative assessment of functional signal transduction pathway (STP) activity from mRNA measurements of target genes is an alternative approach. Therefore, we aim to identify aberrantly activated STPs in tumour tissue of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and start phenotype-guided targeted therapy to improve survival without compromising quality of life. Study design Patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and either 1) have platinum-resistant disease, 2) refrain from standard therapy or 3) are asymptomatic and not yet eligible for standard therapy will be included in this multi-centre prospective cohort study with multiple stepwise executed treatment arms. Targeted therapy will be available for patients with aberrantly high functional activity of the oestrogen receptor, androgen receptor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase or Hedgehog STP. The primary endpoint of this study is the progression-free survival (PFS) ratio (PFS2/PFS1 ratio) according to RECIST 1.1 determined by the PFS on matched targeted therapy (PFS2) compared to PFS on prior therapy (PFS1). Secondary endpoints include among others best overall response, overall survival, side effects, health-related quality of life and cost-effectiveness. Conclusion The results of this study will show the clinical applicability of STP activity in selecting recurrent ovarian cancer patients for effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis van der Ploeg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia SE. Hendrikse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna MJ. Thijs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hans M. Westgeest
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Huberdina PM. Smedts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - M Caroline Vos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Jalving
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne AR. Lok
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A. Boere
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Centre Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike APC. van Ham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anneke M. Westermann
- Department of Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Constantijne H. Mom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roy I. Lalisang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud LM. Bekkers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jurgen MJ. Piek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Duarte Mendes A, Freitas AR, Vicente R, Vitorino M, Vaz Batista M, Silva M, Braga S. Adipocyte Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer: A Critical Contributor? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16589. [PMID: 38068912 PMCID: PMC10706733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies and has low survival rates. One of the main determinants of this unfavorable prognosis is the high rate of peritoneal metastasis at diagnosis, closely related to its morbidity and mortality. The mechanism underlying peritoneal carcinomatosis is not clearly defined, but a clear preference for omental spread has been described. Growing evidence suggests that adipose tissue plays a role in promoting cancer onset and progression. Moreover, obesity can lead to changes in the original functions of adipocytes, resulting in metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue microenvironment, potentially increasing the risk of tumor growth. However, the specific roles of adipocytes in ovarian cancer have not yet been fully elucidated. Due to the undeniable link between obesity and cancer, the adipose tissue microenvironment could also present a promising therapeutic target that warrants further research. This review discusses the complex relationship between ovarian cancer and the adipose tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Duarte Mendes
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal; (A.R.F.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Ana Rita Freitas
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal; (A.R.F.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Vicente
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal; (A.R.F.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Marina Vitorino
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal; (A.R.F.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Marta Vaz Batista
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal; (A.R.F.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Haematology and Oncology Department, CUF Oncology 2710-204 Sintra, Portugal
| | - Michelle Silva
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal; (A.R.F.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Sofia Braga
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal; (A.R.F.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Haematology and Oncology Department, CUF Oncology 2710-204 Sintra, Portugal
- Haematology and Oncology Department, CUF Oncology, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal
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Wu M, Zhou S. Harnessing tumor immunogenomics: Tumor neoantigens in ovarian cancer and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189017. [PMID: 37935309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a major cause of death among gynecological cancers due to its highly aggressive nature. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue for ovarian cancer treatment, offering targeted approaches with reduced off-target effects. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, it has become possible to identify genomic alterations that can serve as potential targets for immunotherapy. Furthermore, immunogenomics research has revealed the importance of genetic alterations in shaping the cancer immune responses. However, the heterogeneity of immunogenicity and the low tumor mutation burden pose challenges for neoantigen-based immunotherapies. Further research is needed to identify neoantigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and establish guidelines for patient inclusion criteria in TIL-based therapy. The study of neoantigens and their implications in ovarian cancer immunotherapy holds great promise, and efforts focused on personalized treatment strategies, refined neoantigen selection, and optimized therapeutic combinations will contribute to improving patient outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China.
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Kim YN, Chung YS, Lee JH, Park E, Lee ST, Kim S, Lee JY. Application of precision medicine based on next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry in ovarian cancer: a real-world experience. J Gynecol Oncol 2023; 34:e70. [PMID: 37417298 PMCID: PMC10627761 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2023.34.e70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the landscape of gene alterations and immunohistochemistry (IHC) profiles of patients with ovarian cancer for targeted therapy and investigate the real-world experience of applying precision medicine. METHODS Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2015 and May 2021 at Severance Hospital and who underwent tumor next-generation sequencing (NGS) were reviewed. Data on germline mutation, IHC markers for mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression were acquired. The use of matched therapy and its clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 512 patients who underwent tumor NGS, 403 underwent panel-based germline testing. In patients who underwent both tests, tumor NGS identified 39 patients (9.7%) with BRCA mutations and 16 patients (4.0%) with other homologous recombination repair (HRR)-associated gene mutations, which were not found in germline testing. The most common single nucleotide variants were TP53 (82.2%), ARID1A (10.4%), PIK3CA (9.7%), and KRAS (8.4%). Copy number aberrations were found in 122 patients. MMRd was found in 3.2% of patients, high PD-L1 expression in 10.1%, and HER2 overexpression in 6.5%. Subsequently, 75 patients (14.6%) received a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor based on BRCA mutation and 11 patients (2.1%) based on other HRR-associated gene mutations. Six patients (1.2%) with MMRd underwent immunotherapy. Twenty-eight patients (5.5%) received other matched therapies targeting HER2, fibroblast growth factor receptor, folate receptor alpha, RAS, and PIK3CA. CONCLUSION A comprehensive review of germline mutation, IHC, and tumor NGS helped identify candidates for precision therapy in patients with ovarian cancer, a proportion of whom received matched therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Na Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhyang Park
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Babaei Z, Panjehpour M, Parsian H, Aghaei M. SAR131675 exhibits anticancer activity on human ovarian cancer cells through inhibition of VEGFR-3/ERK1/2/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2023; 111:110856. [PMID: 37598918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) is known to participate in tumorigenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and as such, has the potential to serve as a molecular target for cancer therapy. SAR131675 is a highly selective VEGFR-3 antagonist that has an inhibitive effect on lymphatic cell growth. However, the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of SAR131675 in ovarian cancer remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the pathological role of VEGFR-3, and the effects of SAR131675 on proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Our results showed that the mRNA and protein of VEGFR-3 were expressed in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, and this receptor was activated following stimulation with 50 ng/ml VEGF-C Cys156Ser (VEGF-CS), a selective ligand for VEGFR-3. Enhancing VEGFR-3 phosphorylation by treatment of ovarian cancer cells with VEGF-CS resulted in increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and AKT. Moreover, our data demonstrated that SAR131675 inhibited VEGF-CS-mediated proliferation, colony formation, and migration of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, inhibition of VEGFR-3 activation with SAR131675 significantly increased cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in both OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. Mechanistically, SAR131675 effectively suppressed the VEGF-CS-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-3 and its downstream effectors including activated ERK1/2 and AKT in ovarian cancer cells. Our results reveal an anticancer activity of SAR131675 on the growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells, which may be through inhibiting VEGFR-3/ERK1/2/AKT pathway. SAR131675 may serve as an effective targeted drug for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Panjehpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Papakonstantinou E, Pappa I, Androutsopoulos G, Adonakis G, Maroulis I, Tzelepi V. Comprehensive Analysis of DNA Methyltransferases Expression in Primary and Relapsed Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4950. [PMID: 37894317 PMCID: PMC10605797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) treatment, its recurrence and mortality rates have not improved significantly. DNA hypermethylation has generally been associated with an ominous prognosis and chemotherapy resistance, but the role of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in EOC remains to be investigated. METHODS In the current study, we systematically retrieved gene expression data from patients with EOC and studied the immunohistochemical expression of DNMTs in 108 primary and 26 relapsed tumors. RESULTS Our results showed that the DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L RNA levels were higher and the DNMT2 level was lower in tumors compared to non-neoplastic tissue, and DNMT3A and DNMT2 expression decreased from Stage-II to Stage-IV carcinomas. The proteomic data also suggested that the DNMT1 and DNMT3A levels were increased in the tumors. Similarly, the DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3L protein levels were overexpressed and DNMT2 expression was reduced in high-grade carcinomas compared to non-neoplastic tissue and low-grade tumors. Moreover, DNMT1 and DNMT3L were increased in relapsed tumors compared to their primaries. The DNMT3A, DNMT1 and DNMT3B mRNA levels were correlated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that DNMT1 and DNMT3L are upregulated in primary high-grade EOC and further increase in relapses, whereas DNMT3A is upregulated only in the earlier stages of cancer progression. DNMT2 downregulation highlights the presumed tumor-suppressor activity of this gene in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Papakonstantinou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Ioanna Pappa
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Georgios Androutsopoulos
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Georgios Adonakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Ioannis Maroulis
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Driva TS, Schatz C, Haybaeck J. Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Carcinomas: How PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Affects Their Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1253. [PMID: 37627318 PMCID: PMC10452661 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell (OCCC) and endometrioid (EnOC) carcinomas are often subsumed under the umbrella term "endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer" (EAOC), since they frequently arise from ectopic endometrium settled in the ovaries. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is known to be aberrantly activated both in endometriosis and EAOC; however, its role in the progression of endometriosis to ovarian cancer remains unclear. In fact, cancer-associated alterations in the mTOR pathway may be found in normal uterine epithelium, likely acting as a first step towards ovarian cancer, through the intermediary stage of endometriosis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding mTOR signaling dysregulation in the uterine endometrium, endometriosis, and EAOC while focusing on the interconnections between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and other signaling molecules that give rise to synergistic molecular mechanisms triggering ovarian cancer development in the presence of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S. Driva
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Schatz
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Czegle I, Huang C, Soria PG, Purkiss DW, Shields A, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. The Role of Genetic Mutations in Mitochondrial-Driven Cancer Growth in Selected Tumors: Breast and Gynecological Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040996. [PMID: 37109525 PMCID: PMC10145875 DOI: 10.3390/life13040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic background of various tumors that helps us better conceptualize the pathogenesis of specific diseases. Additionally, in many cases, these molecular and cytogenetic alterations have diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic applications that are heavily used in clinical practice. Given that there is always room for improvement in cancer treatments and in cancer patient management, it is important to discover new therapeutic targets for affected individuals. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial changes in breast and gynecological (endometrial and ovarian) cancers. In addition, we review how the frequently altered genes in these diseases (BRCA1/2, HER2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, RAS, CTNNB1, FGFR, TP53, ARID1A, and TERT) affect the mitochondria, highlighting the possible associated individual therapeutic targets. With this approach, drugs targeting mitochondrial glucose or fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA transcription, mitophagy, or cell death pathways could provide further tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chelsea Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Priscilla Geraldine Soria
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Dylan Wesley Purkiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Andrea Shields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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11
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Vaicekauskaitė I, Dabkevičienė D, Šimienė J, Žilovič D, Čiurlienė R, Jarmalaitė S, Sabaliauskaitė R. ARID1A, NOTCH and WNT Signature in Gynaecological Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065854. [PMID: 36982928 PMCID: PMC10057440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the deadliest gynaecologic malignancies in the world. The majority of OC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, with high-grade serous OC (HGSOC). The lack of specific symptoms and suitable screening strategies lead to short progression-free survival times in HGSOC patients. The chromatin-remodelling, WNT and NOTCH pathways are some of the most dysregulated in OC; thus their gene mutations and expression profile could serve as diagnostic or prognostic OC biomarkers. Our pilot study investigated mRNA expression of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex gene ARID1A, NOTCH receptors, WNT pathway genes CTNNB1 and FBXW7 mRNA expression in two OC cell cultures as well as 51 gynaecologic tumour tissues. A four-gene panel consisting of ARID1A, CTNNB1, FBXW7 and PPP2R1A was used to investigate mutations in gynaecologic tumour tissue. All seven analysed genes were found to be significantly downregulated in OC when compared with non-malignant gynaecologic tumour tissues. NOTCH3 was also downregulated in SKOV3 cells when compared to A2780. Fifteen mutations were found in 25.5% (13/51) of the tissue samples. ARID1A predicted mutations were the most prevalent with alterations detected in 19% (6/32) HGSOC and 67% (6/9) of other OC cases. Thus, ARID1A and NOTCH/WNT-pathway-related changes could be useful diagnostic biomarkers in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vaicekauskaitė
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Dabkevičienė
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julija Šimienė
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diana Žilovič
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Sonata Jarmalaitė
- National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Iaccarino I, Tiemann M, Brasch F, Oschlies I, Klapper W. Genetic alterations affecting the C-terminus of cyclin D1 are recurrent events in mantle cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2023; 82:371-373. [PMID: 36178280 DOI: 10.1111/his.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingram Iaccarino
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Frank Brasch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ilske Oschlies
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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13
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Vaicekauskaitė I, Sabaliauskaitė R, Lazutka JR, Jarmalaitė S. The Emerging Role of Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213670. [PMID: 36430148 PMCID: PMC9697406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of women's death from cancers. The high mortality rate is attributed to the late presence of the disease and the lack of modern diagnostic tools, including molecular biomarkers. Moreover, OC is a highly heterogeneous disease, which contributes to early treatment failure. Thus, exploring OC molecular mechanisms could significantly enhance our understanding of the disease and provide new treatment options. Chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) are ATP-dependent molecular machines responsible for chromatin reorganization and involved in many DNA-related processes, including transcriptional regulation, replication, and reparation. Dysregulation of chromatin remodeling machinery may be related to cancer development and chemoresistance in OC. Some forms of OC and other gynecologic diseases have been associated with mutations in specific CRC genes. Most notably, ARID1A in endometriosis-related OC, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 in hypercalcemic type small cell ovarian carcinoma (SCCOHT), ACTL6A, CHRAC1, RSF1 amplification in high-grade serous OC. Here we review the available literature on CRCs' involvement in OC to improve our understanding of its development and investigate CRCs as possible biomarkers and treatment targets for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vaicekauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Sabaliauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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Colic E, Patel PU, Kent OA. Aberrant MAPK Signaling Offers Therapeutic Potential for Treatment of Ovarian Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1331-1346. [PMID: 36388156 PMCID: PMC9645123 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s361512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide due to lack of effective screening, vague early symptoms, poor description of biomarkers, and absence of effective treatment regimes. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is categorized into five distinct disease subtypes which collectively account for ~90% of ovarian carcinomas. Most women present at advanced stages contributing to a poor overall 5-year survival rate. Standard treatment for EOC is cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy; however, most patients suffer from recurrence and platinum-resistant disease, which highlights an urgent need for targeted therapy. The high frequency of molecular alterations affecting gain-of-function signaling through the RAS mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in EOC has prompted pre-clinical and clinical efforts toward research into the effectiveness of MAPK pathway inhibition as a second-line treatment. The RAS/MAPK pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction cascade, often disrupted in cancer, that regulates tumorigenic phenotypes including cellular proliferation, survival, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. Herein, the role of the MAPK pathway in EOC with emphasis on targetability of the pathway is described. Pre-clinical and clinical efforts to target MAPK signaling in EOC have identified several MAPK pathway inhibitors that offer efficacious potential for monotherapy and in combination with other compounds. Thus, inhibition of the RAS/MAPK pathway is emerging as a tractable strategy for treatment of ovarian cancer that may permit development of personalized therapy and improved prognosis for women challenged by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Colic
- Department of Pharmacology, adMare BioInnovations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Preya U Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, adMare BioInnovations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Oliver A Kent
- Department of Pharmacology, adMare BioInnovations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Sharami SRY, Farhadifar F, Tabatabaei R. Recurrence and 5-year survival rate in patients with borderline ovarian tumors and related factors in Kurdistan. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 33. [PMID: 36173319 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the recurrence rate and five-year survival in patients with borderline ovarian tumors and related factors. This retrospective cohort study was performed on 20 women diagnosed with a borderline ovarian tumor in Kurdistan province, Iran, between 2007 and 2019. Patients' records were reviewed and a researcher-made questionnaire was completed for each patient, which included demographic and clinical variables related to patient survival. The most common type of ovarian borderline tumor was the serous borderline ovarian tumor (75%). In fifty percent of the cases, cystectomy was used as th treatment. Recurrence was observed in three patients (15%), two of which were treated with cystectomy, and the other case was treated by TAH + BSO method (p = 0.64). There was no significant difference in terms of the type of surgery, history of infertility, history of taking contraceptive pills, age, age at diagnosis, and BMI between the two groups with and without recurrence (p > 0.05). The overall survival rate was 100% and none of the patients died at the end of follow-up. There was no relationship between any of the clinical and demographic variables with disease recurrence, and since all patients were alive after the end of the follow-up period. In summary, it was not possible to assess the relationship between patients' survival rate and studied variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariba Farhadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj.
| | - Roya Tabatabaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj.
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16
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Du Y, Lin Y, Wang B, Li Y, Xu D, Gan L, Xiong X, Hou S, Chen S, Shen Z, Ye Y. Cuproptosis patterns and tumor immune infiltration characterization in colorectal cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:976007. [PMID: 36176287 PMCID: PMC9513614 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.976007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Faced with the high heterogeneity and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), this study sought to find new predictive prognostic strategies to improve the situation. Cuproptosis is a novel cell death mechanism that relies on copper regulation. However, the role of cuproptosis-related gene (CRG) in CRC remains to be elucidated. In this study, we comprehensively assessed the CRG landscape in CRC based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified differential expression and genetic alterations of CRG in CRC. CRG is highly correlated with initiation, progression, prognosis, and immune infiltration of CRC. We construct a risk score signature containing 3 CRGs based on LASSO. We explored the correlation of CRG-Score with clinicopathological features of CRC. Age, stage, and CRG-Score were integrated to construct a nomogram. The nomogram has robust predictive performance. We also understand the correlation of CRG-Score with CRC immune landscape. CRG-Score can effectively predict the immune landscape of CRC patients. Low-risk CRC patients have greater immunogenicity and higher immune checkpoint expression. Low-risk CRC patients may be better candidates for immunotherapy. At the same time, we also predicted more sensitive drugs in the high-risk CRC patients. In conclusion, the CRG risk score signature is a strong prognostic marker and may help provide new insights into the treatment of individuals with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Hou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjiang Ye, ; Zhanlong Shen,
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjiang Ye, ; Zhanlong Shen,
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17
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Construction of a novel signature and prediction of the immune landscape in gastric cancer based on necroptosis-related genes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13290. [PMID: 35918354 PMCID: PMC9345982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, has become a potential therapeutic target for solid tumors. Nevertheless, the potential roles of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) in gastric cancer (GC) remain unknown. The objective of the present study was to create a necroptosis-related prognostic signature that can provide more accurate assessment of prognosis in GC. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, we identified differentially expressed NRGs. Univariate analysis and Lasso regression were performed to determine the prognostic signature. Risk scores were calculated and all GC patients were divided into high- and low-risk score group according to the median risk score value. The robustness of this signature was externally validated with data from GSE84437 cohort (n = 431). Survival analysis revealed high-risk score patients had a worse prognosis. Results evidenced that the signature was an independent prognosis factor for survival. Single-sample sequence set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) exhibited different enrichment of immune cells and immune-related pathways in the two risk groups. Furthermore, a predictive nomogram was generated and showed excellent predictive performance based on discrimination and calibration. In addition, the risk score positively correlated with tumor mutational burden and was associated with sensitivity to multiple anti-cancer drugs. Overall, our work demonstrates a close relationship between necroptosis and the prognosis of GC. The signature we constructed with potential clinical application value, can be used for prognosis prediction and being a potential therapeutic responses indicator in GC patients.
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18
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Sa JK, Kim J, Kang S, Kim SW, Song T, Shim SH, Choi MC, No JH, Song JY, Kim D, Kim YM, Kim JH, Lee JW. Somatic genomic landscape of East Asian epithelial ovarian carcinoma and its clinical implications from prospective clinical sequencing; A Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group study (KGOG 3047). Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1086-1097. [PMID: 35666535 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Through the wide adaptation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology within clinical practice, molecular profiling of the tumor has been the principal component of personalized treatment. In this study, we have generated a large collection of cancer genomes on East Asian epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) patients and demonstrate the feasibility and utility of NGS platforms to explore the dynamic interrelations of major cancer driver alterations and their impacts on clinical prognosis and management. A total of 652 EOC patients have undergone clinical NGS panels to determine the prevalence of germline and somatic mutations. Notably, TP53 was the most frequently altered event (73%), followed by both BRCA1 and BRCA2 (22% each) and MYC (19%) through pan-EOC analysis. When analyzed based on individual histopathological levels, TP53 mutation was highly dominant in high-grade serous and mucinous histology, whereas mutations in PIK3CA and ARID1A were mostly observed in clear cell carcinoma, and KRAS, BRAF, and CDKN2A mutations were enriched in endometrioid, low-grade serous, and mucinous tumors, respectively. The network-based probabilistic model showed significant co-occurrences of TP53 with BRCA1 and ALK with BRCA2, NOTCH1, and ROS1, whereas mutual exclusivity of TP53 with KRAS and PIK3CA was evident. Furthermore, we utilized machine-learning algorithms to identify molecular correlates that conferred increased sensitivity to platinum and olaparib treatments including somatic mutations in BRCA1, ATM, and MYC. Conversely, patients with ALK mutation were considerably resistant to both treatment modalities. Collectively, our results demonstrate the clinical feasibility of prospective genetic sequencing to facilitate personalized treatment opportunities for patients with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Sa
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-ang University Gwang-myeong Hospital, Gwang-myeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokbom Kang
- Gynecologic Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sang Wun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Women's Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taejong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Choi
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokhoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Man Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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He R, Zhang M, He L, Huang J, Man C, Wang X, Lang Y, Fan Y. Integrated Analysis of Necroptosis-Related Genes for Prognosis, Immune Microenvironment Infiltration, and Drug Sensitivity in Colon Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:845271. [PMID: 35479956 PMCID: PMC9036446 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.845271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis, is intimately linked to tumor development and prognosis and has been considered as a target for anticancer therapy. However, the role of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) in colon cancer is unclear. Methods In the present study, we screened 76 NRGs from previous studies and described the landscape of transcriptomic and genetic variation of NRGs in colon cancer (CC) patient samples. Molecular subtypes of necroptosis in colon cancer were identified by clustering analysis, and these molecular subtypes were linked to patient prognosis and TME cell infiltration characteristics. Then, the NRS-score for predicting overall survival (OS) was built based on the TCGA database and validated in the GSE39582 cohort for its predictive power in CC patients. Besides, the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms were applied to explore the relationship between NRS-score and tumor immune microenvironment. Results We identified two molecular subtypes associated with necroptosis in CC, which have diverse prognosis and immune microenvironment characteristics. Based on the differentially expressed genes between the two molecular subtypes, we further developed a necroptosis risk score signature, referred to as NRS-score. High NRS-score was associated with poor prognosis in CC through immunosuppressive microenvironment and immune escape mechanisms. The nomogram based on NRS-score showed excellent ability to predict prognosis. In addition, NRS-score presented a positive correlation with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) expression and was closely correlated with multiple anticancer agent susceptibility. Conclusion This work revealed a close relationship between necroptosis and the prognosis and immune microenvironment of colon cancer. The NRS-score based on the 8-gene signature may be used to predict the sensitivity of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in colon cancer patients, and provides a foundation for future studies targeting necroptosis and its immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong He
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Lian He
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Changfeng Man
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Yakun Lang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Yakun Lang
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Fan
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20
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Lawton FG, Pavlik EJ. Perspectives on Ovarian Cancer 1809 to 2022 and Beyond. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040791. [PMID: 35453839 PMCID: PMC9024743 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike many other malignancies, overall survival for women with epithelial ovarian cancer has improved only modestly over the last half-century. The perspectives presented here detail the views of a gynecologic oncologist looking back and the view of the academic editor looking forward. Surgical beginnings in 1809 are merged with genomics, surgical advances, and precision therapy at present and for the future. Presentations in this special issue focus on factors related to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer: (1) markers for the preoperative assessment of primary and metastatic ovarian tumors, (2) demonstrations of the presence of pelvic fluid in ultrasound studies of ovarian malignancies, (3) the effects of age, menopausal status, and body habitus on ovarian visualization, (4) the ability of OVA1 to detect ovarian cancers when Ca125 was not informative, (5) the detection of tumor-specific changes in cell adhesion molecules by tissue-based staining, (6) presentation of a high discrimination model for ovarian cancer using IOTA Simple Rules and CA125, (7) review of low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary, and (8) a comprehensive case report on ovarian carcinosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank G. Lawton
- Gynaecological Cancer Surgeon South East London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | - Edward J. Pavlik
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center-Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-859-321-9313
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21
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Youssef ASED, Abdel-Fattah MA, Lotfy MM, Nassar A, Abouelhoda M, Touny AO, Hassan ZK, Mohey Eldin M, Bahnassy AA, Khaled H, Zekri ARN. Multigene Panel Sequencing Reveals Cancer-Specific and Common Somatic Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Patients: An Egyptian Experience. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1332-1352. [PMID: 35723313 PMCID: PMC8947625 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at identifying common pathogenic somatic mutations at different stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in Egyptian patients. Our cohort included colonoscopic biopsies collected from 120 patients: 20 biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 38 from colonic polyp patients, and 62 from patients with colorectal cancer. On top of this, the cohort included 20 biopsies from patients with non-specific mild to moderated colitis. Targeted DNA sequencing using a customized gene panel of 96 colorectal related genes running on the Ion Torrent NGS technology was used to process the samples. Our results revealed that 69% of all cases harbored at least one somatic mutation. Fifty-seven genes were found to carry 232 somatic non-synonymous variants. The most frequently pathogenic somatic mutations were localized in TP53, APC, KRAS, and PIK3CA. In total, 16 somatic mutations were detected in the CRC group and in either the IBD or CP group. In addition, our data showed that 51% of total somatic variants were CRC-specific variants. The average number of CRC-specific variants per sample is 2.4. The top genes carrying CRC-specific mutations are APC, TP53, PIK3CA, FBXW7, ATM, and SMAD4. It seems obvious that TP53 and APC genes were the most affected genes with somatic mutations in all groups. Of interest, 85% and 28% of the APC and TP53 deleterious somatic mutations were located in Exon 14 and Exon 3, respectively. Besides, 37% and 28% of the total somatic mutations identified in APC and TP53 were CRC-specific variants, respectively. Moreover, we identified that, in 29 somatic mutations in 21 genes, their association with CRC patients was unprecedented. Ten detected variants were likely to be novel: six in PIK3CA and four variants in FBXW7. The detected P53, Wnt/βcatenin, Angiogenesis, EGFR, TGF-β and Interleukin signaling pathways were the most altered pathways in 22%, 16%, 12%, 10%, 9% and 9% of the CRC patients, respectively. These results would contribute to a better understanding of the colorectal cancer and in introducing personalized therapies for Egyptian CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Salah El-Din Youssef
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
| | | | - Mai M. Lotfy
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
| | - Auhood Nassar
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
| | | | - Ahmed O. Touny
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Zeinab K. Hassan
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
| | - Mohammed Mohey Eldin
- Tropical Medicine Department, El Kasr Al-Aini, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Abeer A. Bahnassy
- Molecular Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Hussein Khaled
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Abdel Rahman N. Zekri
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
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Lee CM, Kang MA, Bae JS, Park K, Yang YH, Lee J, Jang KY, Park SH. An in vitro study on anti-carcinogenic effect of remdesivir in human ovarian cancer cells via generation of reactive oxygen species. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221089257. [PMID: 35417658 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221089257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remdesivir is an anti-viral drug that inhibits RNA polymerase. In 2020, remdesivir was recognized as the most promising therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effects of remdesivir on cancers have hardly been studied. PURPOSE Here, we reported that the anti-carcinogenic effect of remdesivir on SKOV3 cells, one of human ovarian cancer cell lines. RESEARCH DESIGN We anlalyzed the anti-carcarcinogenic effect of remdesivir in SKOV3 cells by performing in vitro cell assay and western blotting. RESULTS WST-1 showed that remdesivir decreased cell viability in SKOV3 cells. Experiments conducted by Muse Cell Analyzer showed that remdesivir-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. We found that the expression level of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim increased, whereas Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 decreased by remdesivir in SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, we observed that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased after treatment of remdesivir in SKOV3 cells. Interestingly, cytotoxicity of remdesivir decreased after treatment of N-Acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrated that remdesivir has an anti-carcinogenic effect on SKOV3 cells vis up-regulation of reactive oxygen species, which suggests that remdesivir could be a promising reagent for treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | | | - Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, 35030Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, 34965Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, 65666Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, 90158Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
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23
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Liu CL, Yuan RH, Mao TL. The Molecular Landscape Influencing Prognoses of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:998. [PMID: 34356623 PMCID: PMC8301761 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the major increasing lethal malignancies of the gynecological tract, mostly due to delayed diagnosis and chemoresistance, as well as its very heterogeneous genetic makeup. Application of high-throughput molecular technologies, gene expression microarrays, and powerful preclinical models has provided a deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics of EOC. Therefore, molecular markers have become a potent tool in EOC management, including prediction of aggressiveness, prognosis, and recurrence, and identification of novel therapeutic targets. In addition, biomarkers derived from genomic/epigenomic alterations (e.g., gene mutations, copy number aberrations, and DNA methylation) enable targeted treatment of affected signaling pathways in advanced EOC, thereby improving the effectiveness of traditional treatments. This review outlines the molecular landscape and discusses the impacts of biomarkers on the detection, diagnosis, surveillance, and therapeutic targets of EOC. These findings focus on the necessity to translate these potential biomarkers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Lien Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Hwang Yuan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Lien Mao
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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