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Soleimani E, Ardekani AM, Fayyazishishavan E, Farhangi MA. The interactive relationship of dietary choline and betaine with physical activity on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in physically active young individuals. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:158. [PMID: 37491240 PMCID: PMC10367233 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting evidence on the relationship between dietary choline and betaine with metabolic markers and anthropometric characteristics. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the interaction effects of dietary choline and betaine and physical activity (PA) on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in active youth. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 120 to 18 to 35-year-old people. The food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary data; United States Department of Agriculture website was used to calculate choline and betaine in foods. CK, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile markers were measured with ELISA kits. Low-density lipoprotein, and insulin sensitivity markers were calculated. Sociodemographic status, physical activity, and anthropometric characteristics were assessed based on a valid and reliable method. Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) tests adjusted for sex, PA, age, energy, and body mass index were used. RESULTS Increasing dietary betaine and total choline and betaine was positively related to weight, waist-to-hip ratio, fat-free mass and bone mass (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary betaine lowered total cholesterol (P = 0.032) and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.049). The interaction effect of dietary choline and physical activity improved insulin resistance (P < 0.05). As well as dietary betaine interacted with physical activity increased HDL (P = 0.049). In addition, dietary total choline and betaine interacted with physical activity decreased FBS (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS In general, increasing dietary choline and betaine along with moderate and high physical activity improved insulin resistance, increased HDL, and lowered FBS in the higher tertiles of dietary choline and betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensiye Soleimani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Fayyazishishavan
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX77030, USA
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Mlodzik-Czyzewska MA, Malinowska AM, Szwengiel A, Chmurzynska A. Associations of plasma betaine, plasma choline, choline intake and MTHFR polymorphism (rs1801133) with anthropometric parameters of healthy adults are sex-dependent. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:701-712. [PMID: 35668704 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Choline and its metabolites seem to have relationships with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and body weight, but research results have proved inconsistent. We thus investigated the associations of plasma levels of TMAO, choline, and betaine, with anthropometric measurements, including modulatory effects of genetics and diet. METHODS The study was performed on a group of 421 adults aged 20 to 40, who had been recruited in Poland. Plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, and TMAO were determined using RP-UHPLC-ESI-MS. The following polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan probes: rs180113 (MTHFR), the rs70991108 (DHFR), rs2236225 (MTHFD1), and rs7946 and rs12325817 (PEMT). We employed multivariate linear regression to examine the associations between anthropometric measurements, one carbon metabolism metabolites, and genotypes. RESULTS Higher plasma choline was associated with higher BMI (β=0.17; p< 0.01), body weight (β=0.11; p< 0.05), body fat mass (β=0.10; p<0.05), and waist circumference (WC) (β=0.14; p<0.01), whereas higher choline intake was associated with lower body fat mass (β=-0.14; p< 0.01), and lower WC (β=-0.12; p<0.01). After stratification by sex, plasma betaine was found to be associated with BMI (β=-0.20; p<0.05) and body weight (β=-0.16; p<0.05) in men only, while choline intake was associated with body fat mass (β=-0.19; p<0.05), and WHR (β=-0.19; p<0.05), and MTHFR CC genotype was associated with WHR (β=0.15; p<0.05) in women only. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma betaine and higher dietary choline are associated with lower fat mass and body weight, whereas higher plasma choline is positively associated with body weight status and adiposity. Moreover, these associations seem to be sex-specific. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M Malinowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Department of Fermentation and Biosynthesis, Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Agata Chmurzynska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
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Mah E, Chen O, Liska DJ, Blumberg JB. Dietary Supplements for Weight Management: A Narrative Review of Safety and Metabolic Health Benefits. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091787. [PMID: 35565754 PMCID: PMC9099655 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements for weight management include myriad ingredients with thermogenic, lipotropic, satiety, and other metabolic effects. Recently, the safety of this product category has been questioned. In this review, we summarize the safety evidence as well as relevant clinical findings on weight management and metabolic effects of six representative dietary supplement ingredients: caffeine, green tea extract (GTE), green coffee bean extract (GCBE), choline, glucomannan, and capsaicinoids and capsinoids. Of these, caffeine, GTE (specifically epigallocatechin gallate [EGCG]), and choline have recommended intake limits, which appear not to be exceeded when used according to manufacturers’ instructions. Serious adverse events from supplements with these ingredients are rare and typically involve unusually high intakes. As with any dietary component, the potential for gastrointestinal intolerance, as well as possible interactions with concomitant medications/supplements exist, and the health status of the consumer should be considered when consuming these components. Most of the ingredients reviewed also improved markers of metabolic health, such as glucose, lipids, and blood pressure, although the data are limited for some. In summary, weight management supplements containing caffeine, GTE, GCBE, choline, glucomannan, and capsaicinoids and capsinoids are generally safe when taken as directed and demonstrate metabolic health benefits for overweight and obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Oliver Chen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (O.C.); (J.B.B.)
| | | | - Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (O.C.); (J.B.B.)
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Van Parys A, Brække MS, Karlsson T, Vinknes KJ, Tell GS, Haugsgjerd TR, Ueland PM, Øyen J, Dierkes J, Nygård O, Lysne V. Assessment of Dietary Choline Intake, Contributing Food Items, and Associations with One-Carbon and Lipid Metabolites in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: The Hordaland Health Study. J Nutr 2021; 152:513-524. [PMID: 34643705 PMCID: PMC8826836 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and is involved in various physiologic functions. Through its metabolite betaine, it is closely connected to the one-carbon metabolism, and the fat-soluble choline form phosphatidylcholine is essential for VLDL synthesis and secretion in the liver connecting choline to the lipid metabolism. Dietary recommendations for choline are not available in the Nordic countries primarily due to data scarcity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary intake of total choline and individual choline forms, dietary sources, and the association of total choline intake with circulating one-carbon metabolites and lipids. METHODS We included 5746 participants in the Hordaland Health Study, a survey including community-dwelling adults born in 1925-1927 (mean age 72 y, 55% women) and 1950-1951 (mean age 48 y, 57% women). Dietary data were obtained using a 169-item FFQ, and choline content was calculated using the USDA Database for Choline Content of Common Foods, release 2. Metabolites of the one-carbon and lipid metabolism were measured in a nonfasting blood sample obtained at baseline, and the association with total choline intake was assessed using polynomial splines. RESULTS The geometric mean (95% prediction interval) energy-adjusted total choline intake was 260 (170, 389) mg/d, with phosphatidylcholine being the main form (44%). The major food items providing dietary choline were eggs, low-fat milk, potatoes, and leafy vegetables. Dietary total choline was inversely associated with circulating concentrations of total homocysteine, glycine, and serine and positively associated with choline, methionine, cystathionine, cysteine, trimethyllysine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and dimethylglycine. A weak association was observed between choline intake and serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS Phosphatidylcholine was the most consumed choline form in community-dwelling adults in Norway. Our findings suggest that choline intake is associated with the concentration of most metabolites involved in the one-carbon and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sandvik Brække
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Teresa R Haugsgjerd
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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