1
|
Mah E, Blonquist TM, Kaden VN, Beckman D, Boileau AC, Anthony JC, Stubbs BJ. A randomized, open-label, parallel pilot study investigating metabolic product kinetics of the novel ketone ester, bis-hexanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol, over one week of ingestion in healthy adults. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1196535. [PMID: 37427402 PMCID: PMC10324611 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1196535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bis-hexanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol (BH-BD) is a novel ketone ester that, when consumed, is hydrolyzed into hexanoic acid (HEX) and (R)-1,3-butanediol (BDO) which are subsequently metabolized into beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Methods: We undertook a randomized, parallel, open-label study in healthy adults (n = 33) to elucidate blood BHB, HEX and BDO concentrations for 8 h following consumption of three different serving sizes (SS) of BH-BD (12.5, 25 and 50 g/day) before (Day 0) and after 7 days of daily BH-BD consumption (Day 7). Results: Maximal concentration and area under the curve of all metabolites increased proportionally to SS and were greatest for BHB followed by BDO then HEX on both Day 0 and 7. Metabolite half-life tended to decrease with increasing SS for BHB and HEX. Time to peak concentration increased with increasing SS for BHB and BDO on both days. In vitro incubation of BH-BD in human plasma demonstrated BH-BD undergoes rapid spontaneous hydrolysis. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that orally ingested BH-BD is hydrolyzed into products that appear in the plasma and undergo conversion to BHB in a SS dependent manner, and that metabolism of BH-BD neither becomes saturated at serving sizes up to 50 g nor displays consistent adaptation after 7 days of daily consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Dawn Beckman
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Brianna J. Stubbs
- BHB Therapeutics Ltd., Dublin, Ireland
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mah E, Liska DJ, Goltz S, Chu Y. The effect of extracted and isolated fibers on appetite and energy intake: A comprehensive review of human intervention studies. Appetite 2023; 180:106340. [PMID: 36216214 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In light of the increasing prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, the underconsumption of fiber is concerning due to its various associated health benefits such as weight management. Adding extracted or isolated dietary fibers into various consumer products is a practical strategy for addressing the fiber gap. This comprehensive review identified evidence on the efficacy of different types of extracted and isolated fibers in reducing appetite and energy intake. Published reports of randomized controlled trials assessing appetite or energy intake in healthy adults were systematically searched, and those investigating extracted and isolated fibers following acute or chronic intake were selected. A total of 136 studies, consisting of 107 acute studies and 29 chronic studies, were included in the review. Overall, most fiber types did not show significant effects on appetite ratings and energy intakes. Acute intakes of two viscous fibers, alginate or guar gum, as well as oat fiber, were observed to most frequently result in reductions in appetite ratings. Additionally, chronic, but not acute, intakes of resistant maltodextrin/dextrin were also beneficial for appetite ratings. Viscous fibers were more likely to improve appetite ratings compared to non-viscous fibers, and fermentability did not appear to affect appetite ratings. Unfortunately, the current evidence base is highly varied due to the many differences in methodology and limited research on many of the fibers. While the possible benefits of extracted and isolated fibers on appetite sensations, food intake, and ultimately body weight regulation should not be completely dismissed, our review highlights the complexity of this research area and the gaps that need to be addressed to improve the robustness of the evidence.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liska DJ, Dioum E, Chu Y, Mah E. Narrative Review on the Effects of Oat and Sprouted Oat Components on Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224772. [PMID: 36432463 PMCID: PMC9698489 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline. Elevations in blood pressure (BP) leading to HTN can be found in young adults with increased prevalence as people age. Oats are known to decrease CVD risk via an established effect of β-glucan on the attenuation of blood cholesterol. Many past studies on CVD and oats have also reported a decrease in BP; however, a thorough assessment of oats and BP has not been conducted. Moreover, oats deliver several beneficial dietary components with putative beneficial effects on BP or endothelial function, such as β-glucan, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and phytochemicals such as avenanthramides. We conducted a comprehensive search for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical intervention studies on oats and BP and identified 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three meta-analyses that supported the role of oats in decreasing BP. Emerging data also suggest oat consumption may reduce the use of anti-hypertensive medications. The majority of these studies utilized whole oats or oat bran, which include a vast array of oat bioactives. Therefore, we also extensively reviewed the literature on these bioactives and their putative effect on BP-relevant mechanisms. The data suggest several oat components, such as GABA, as well as the delivery of high-quality plant protein and fermentable prebiotic fiber, may contribute to the anti-HTN effect of oats. In particular, GABA is enhanced in oat sprouts, which suggests this food may be particularly beneficial for healthy BP management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - ElHadji Dioum
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yifang Chu
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garvey SM, Mah E, Blonquist TM, Kaden VN, Spears JL. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis BS50 decreases gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2122668. [PMID: 36269141 PMCID: PMC9590435 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2122668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Durable spore-forming probiotics are increasingly formulated into foods, beverages, and dietary supplements. To help meet this demand, the safety and efficacy of daily supplementation of Bacillus subtilis BS50 for 6 weeks was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial of 76 healthy adults. Before and during supplementation, gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded daily using a multi-symptom questionnaire. Clinical chemistry, hematology, plasma lipids, and intestinal permeability and inflammation markers were measured at baseline and end of study. Compared to placebo, 2 × 109 colony-forming units (CFU) BS50 per day increased the proportion of participants showing improvement from baseline to week 6 in the composite score for bloating, burping, and flatulence (47.4% vs. 22.2%), whereby the odds of detecting an improvement were higher with BS50 (OR [95% CI]: 3.2 [1.1, 8.7], p = .024). Analyses of individual gastrointestinal symptoms indicate that BS50 increased the proportion of participants showing an improvement at week 6 compared to placebo for burping (44.7% vs. 22.2%, p = .041) and bloating (31.6% vs. 13.9%, p = .071), without affecting other symptoms. There were no clinically meaningful changes in clinical chemistry, hematology, plasma lipids and intestinal permeability and other inflammation markers. In conclusion, the results suggest that dietary supplementation of 2 × 109 CFU Bacillus subtilis BS50 per day is a well-tolerated and safe strategy to alleviate gas-related gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults. ABBREVIATIONS AE adverse event; BHD bowel habits diary; BMI body mass index; BSS Bristol Stool Scale; CFU colony-forming unit; CRP C-reactive protein; FGID functional gastrointestinal disorder; GI gastrointestinal; GITQ Gastrointestinal Tolerance Questionnaire; GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide 1; GSRS Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; IBS irritable bowel syndrome; IL-10 interleukin-10; ITT intent-to-treat; LBP lipopolysaccharide binding protein; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; PP per protocol; PYY peptide YY; TG triglyceride; total-C total cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Garvey
- BIO-CAT Microbials, LLC, Shakopee, MN, USA,BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA, USA,Sean M. Garvey Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT Microbials, LLC, 689 Canterbury Rd S, Shakopee, MN55379, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Inc., Addison, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica L. Spears
- BIO-CAT Microbials, LLC, Shakopee, MN, USA,CONTACT Jessica L. Spears
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Risso D, Kaczmarczyk M, Laurie I, Mah E, Blonquist TM, Derrig L, Karnik K. Moderate intakes of soluble corn fibre or inulin do not cause gastrointestinal discomfort and are well tolerated in healthy children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1104-1115. [PMID: 36245250 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2133098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance of soluble corn fibre (SCF) compared with inulin in children 3-9 years old. SCF (3-8 g/d for 10d) was tolerated as well as inulin: no differences were identified in stool frequency and consistency, proportion of subjects with at least one loose stool or reporting symptoms during bowel movement. Compared to inulin, 6 g/d of SCF lowered gas severity in children aged 3-5 years old. No differences were noted for alpha and beta diversity, relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, or the Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio. Relative abundance of some specific strains (i.e. Anaerostipes, Bifidobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Parabacteroides) varied depending on the fibre type and dose level. Fortification at a level of 6-8 g/d of SCF and/or inulin could help addressing the fibre gap without any GI discomfort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Inc., Addison, IL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mah E, Blonquist T, Kaden V, Jamison C. Acute Effects of a Thermogenic Drink on Energy Expenditure. Curr Dev Nutr 2022. [PMCID: PMC9193785 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac057.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Thermogenic energy drinks (TED) are consumed for a metabolic boost connected to weight loss. While there have been investigations on the thermogenic effects of TED, the exact ingredients and amount used in TED are brand and product-specific, and thus, the examination of the thermogenic effects of individual formulations is warranted. The objective of this study was to examine the acute thermogenic effects of a uniquely formulated zero-sugar TED containing caffeine, green coffee bean extract, amino acids and guarana, in healthy adults in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. Methods Healthy adults (n = 30; 1:1 males: females; 18 to 50 years old; BMI 18 to 30 kg/m2) consumed a flavored carbonated placebo beverage (Control) and TED (355 ml each) on two separate occasions, separated by at least six days. Resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were assessed before and at 1, 2, and 3 h after study product consumption. Secondarily, subjective ratings of hunger, desire to eat, and fullness as well as presence and intensity of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were assessed before and up to 3.25 h after study product consumption. Results Compared to Control, the consumption of TED resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) greater REE responses assessed over 3 h with peak REE observed at 1 h post consumption. This equated to an average of 150 kcal/d over 3 h. RER did not differ between study products. Subjective ratings of fullness were not statistically different between the TED and Control, but directionally indicated increased fullness and reduced desire to eat with the TED. Hunger ratings were lower at 3.25 h post-consumption of the TED compared to Control, suggesting that TED minimally affected appetitive sensations despite the increase in REE. The most common GI symptoms that were reported to develop at 3.25 h post-consumption of either study product were stomach rumbling, burping, and flatulence. There were no differences in the proportion of subjects that develop these GI symptoms between study products, suggesting that the TED was as well tolerated as the Control. Conclusions The findings suggest that the TED safely elicits thermogenic effects without affecting type of fuel oxidation or increasing appetite compared to control. Funding Sources Rowdy Energy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mah E, Chen O, Liska DJ, Blumberg JB. Dietary Supplements for Weight Management: A Narrative Review of Safety and Metabolic Health Benefits. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091787. [PMID: 35565754 PMCID: PMC9099655 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements for weight management include myriad ingredients with thermogenic, lipotropic, satiety, and other metabolic effects. Recently, the safety of this product category has been questioned. In this review, we summarize the safety evidence as well as relevant clinical findings on weight management and metabolic effects of six representative dietary supplement ingredients: caffeine, green tea extract (GTE), green coffee bean extract (GCBE), choline, glucomannan, and capsaicinoids and capsinoids. Of these, caffeine, GTE (specifically epigallocatechin gallate [EGCG]), and choline have recommended intake limits, which appear not to be exceeded when used according to manufacturers’ instructions. Serious adverse events from supplements with these ingredients are rare and typically involve unusually high intakes. As with any dietary component, the potential for gastrointestinal intolerance, as well as possible interactions with concomitant medications/supplements exist, and the health status of the consumer should be considered when consuming these components. Most of the ingredients reviewed also improved markers of metabolic health, such as glucose, lipids, and blood pressure, although the data are limited for some. In summary, weight management supplements containing caffeine, GTE, GCBE, choline, glucomannan, and capsaicinoids and capsinoids are generally safe when taken as directed and demonstrate metabolic health benefits for overweight and obese people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Oliver Chen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (O.C.); (J.B.B.)
| | | | - Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (O.C.); (J.B.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Madan J, Blonquist T, Rao E, Marwaha A, Mehra J, Bharti R, Sharma N, Samaddar R, Pandey S, Mah E, Shete V, Chu Y, Chen O. Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic-Induced Dietary and Lifestyle Changes and Their Associations with Perceived Health Status and Self-Reported Body Weight Changes in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113682. [PMID: 34835938 PMCID: PMC8620355 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by dramatic changes in lifestyle and dietary behaviors that can significantly influence health. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey to assess COVID-19 pandemic-induced dietary and lifestyle changes and their association with perceived health status and self-reported body weight changes among 1000 Indian adults in early 2021. Positive improvements in dietary habits, e.g., eating more nutritious (85% of participants) and home-cooked food (89%) and an increase in overall nutrition intake (79%), were observed. Sixty-five percent of participants self-reported increased oat consumption to support immunity. There were some negative changes, e.g., more binge eating (69%), eating more in between meals (67%), and increasing meal portion size (72%). Two-thirds of participants reported no change in lifestyles, whereas 21 and 23% reported an increase, and 13 and 10% reported a decrease in physical activity and sleep, respectively. Overall, 64 and 65% of participants reported an improvement in perceived health and an increase in body weight during the COVID-19 period compared to pre-COVID-19, respectively. The top motivations for improving dietary habits included improving physical and mental health and building immunity. In conclusion, the overall perceived health was improved and there was an increase in self-reported body weight in most participants during COVID-19. Diet emerged as the most crucial determinant for these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagmeet Madan
- Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women’s University, Mumbai 400049, India;
| | - Traci Blonquist
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (T.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Eram Rao
- Department of Food Technology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India;
| | - Ankita Marwaha
- PepsiCo, Inc., Gurugram 122022, India; (J.M.); (R.B.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Joshya Mehra
- PepsiCo, Inc., Gurugram 122022, India; (J.M.); (R.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Richa Bharti
- PepsiCo, Inc., Gurugram 122022, India; (J.M.); (R.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nishi Sharma
- PepsiCo, Inc., Gurugram 122022, India; (J.M.); (R.B.); (N.S.)
| | | | | | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (T.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Varsha Shete
- PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL 60010, USA; (V.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - YiFang Chu
- PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL 60010, USA; (V.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Oliver Chen
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (T.B.); (E.M.)
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Canene-Adams K, Spence L, Kolberg LW, Karnik K, Liska D, Mah E. Response to Commentary. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 40:483-484. [PMID: 34279192 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1926180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Chen O, Blonquist TM, Mah E, Sanoshy K, Beckman D, Nieman KM, Winters BL, Anthony JC, Verdin E, Newman JC, Stubbs BJ. Tolerability and Safety of a Novel Ketogenic Ester, Bis-Hexanoyl (R)-1,3-Butanediol: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:2066. [PMID: 34208742 PMCID: PMC8234448 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional ketosis is a state of mildly elevated blood ketone concentrations resulting from dietary changes (e.g., fasting or reduced carbohydrate intake) or exogenous ketone consumption. In this study, we determined the tolerability and safety of a novel exogenous ketone diester, bis-hexanoyl-(R)-1,3-butanediol (BH-BD), in a 28-day, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial (NCT04707989). Healthy adults (n = 59, mean (SD), age: 42.8 (13.4) y, body mass index: 27.8 (3.9) kg/m2) were randomized to consume a beverage containing 12.5 g (Days 0-7) and 25 g (Days 7-28) of BH-BD or a taste-matched placebo daily with breakfast. Tolerability, stimulation, and sedation were assessed daily by standardized questionnaires, and blood and urine samples were collected at Days 0, 7, 14, and 28 for safety assessment. There were no differences in at-home composite systemic and gastrointestinal tolerability scores between BH-BD and placebo at any time in the study, or in acute tolerability measured 1-h post-consumption in-clinic. Weekly at-home composite tolerability scores did not change when BH-BD servings were doubled. At-home scores for stimulation and sedation did not differ between groups. BH-BD significantly increased blood ketone concentrations 1-h post-consumption. No clinically meaningful changes in safety measures including vital signs and clinical laboratory measurements were detected within or between groups. These results support the overall tolerability and safety of consumption of up to 25 g/day BH-BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Chen
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (O.C.); (T.M.B.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Traci M. Blonquist
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (O.C.); (T.M.B.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (O.C.); (T.M.B.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Kristen Sanoshy
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (O.C.); (T.M.B.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dawn Beckman
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA; (O.C.); (T.M.B.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.)
| | | | | | - Joshua C. Anthony
- Nlumn LLC, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA; or
- Juvenescence Ltd., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; (E.V.); (J.C.N.)
| | - John C. Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; (E.V.); (J.C.N.)
- Division of Geriatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brianna J. Stubbs
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; (E.V.); (J.C.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen O, Blonquist T, Sanoshy K, Kelley K, Mah E. The Effect of Arabinoxylan on Gastrointestinal Tolerance in Generally Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab037_014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Arabinoxylan (AX) is a non-digestible carbohydrate composed of (1→4)-β-D-xylan polymers that contain arabinose and varying uronic acid residues. AX was formally identified as a dietary fiber by the U.S. FDA for its effect on maintenance of healthy blood glucose levels. The primary objectives of this human trial were to examine the effects of a novel prebiotic AX wheat fiber extract (87.9% AX) produced by upcycling crop leftovers, such as wheat straw, on gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance, bowel habits, and stool consistency in adults.
Methods
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with three test periods separated by 2-week washout periods was conducted. Forty-five subjects (M/F: 29/16, aged 47.8 ± 9.6 y, 27.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to consume maltodextrin placebo (PLA) or AX wheat fiber extracts providing 6.37 g AX/d (LAX) or 12.74 g AX/d (HAX) for 3 weeks. Study products were mixed thoroughly with 16 oz. water and consumed twice a day, once each in the morning and evening, with or without food. During the 7 days prior to the start of any intervention (baseline) and prior to the end of each test period, GI symptoms, as well as bowel movement ratings and stool consistency and frequency, were evaluated using the GI Tolerability Questionnaire (GITQ), which assesses abdominal cramping, bloating, burping, flatulence, nausea, reflex, and stomach rumbling, and the Bowel Habits Diary with Bristol Stool Scale.
Results
There were no statistically significant differences between PLA, LAX, and HAX in the area under curve of the GITQ composite score, as well as severity rating of individual symptoms (P > 0.05). Additionally, stool frequency (median ranging 7.5–8.0 over 7 days), stool consistency (median ranging 3.71–3.84), straining during bowel movements, discomfort during bowel movements, and sensation of incomplete evacuation did not differ between interventions (P > 0.05). There were no reported adverse events that were judged to be related to the AX wheat fiber extract product.
Conclusions
Consumption of prebiotic AX wheat fiber extract product containing 6.37 or 12.74 g AX per day for 3 weeks did not affect GI tolerance symptom severity and bowel habits and stool consistency in adults and did not result in related adverse events, suggesting that the product is safe and well-tolerated.
Funding Sources
Comet Bio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guzman G, Xiao D, Liska D, Mah E, Sanoshy K, Mantilla L, Replogle R, Boileau TW, Burton-Freeman BM, Edirisinghe I. Addition of Orange Pomace Attenuates the Acute Glycemic Response to Orange Juice in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:1436-1442. [PMID: 33704466 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fiber is an important part of a healthy diet and is known to attenuate postprandial glycemia. Orange pomace (OP) is a by-product of orange juice (OJ) production and is a rich source of fiber. OBJECTIVE Two separate studies determined the impact of added OP to 100% OJ on postprandial glycemic response compared with sugar-matched OJ or whole orange fruit (WOF). METHODS Study 1 included 17 adults [65% female, age 39.3 ± 3.1 y, and BMI (in kg/m2) 24.6 ± 0.7], and study 2 included 45 different adults (47% female, age 25.1 ± 4.3 y, and BMI 22.5 ± 1.6). Studies were conducted at separate locations using a randomized, 3-arm, crossover design to test the glycemic response to sugar-matched OJ, OJ with 5 g fiber from OP (OPF), or WOF. The primary outcomes were 2-h glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) in study 1, analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, and maximum glucose concentration (Cmax) in study 2, analyzed using PROC MIXED (ANCOVA). Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting and multiple time points over 2 h after test product consumption (study 1, serum; study 2, plasma). RESULTS In study 1, glucose iAUC was not significantly lower in OPF compared to the OJ or WOF (825 ± 132 compared with 920 ± 132 and 760 ± 132 mg · min · dL-1, respectively, P = 0.57 for both). In study 2, glucose iAUC was significantly lower in WOF compared with OPF and OJ (689 ± 70.7 compared with 892 ± 70.7 and 974 ± 70.7 mg · min · dL-1, P = 0.02 and 0.001, respectively). Data from both studies indicated OPF reduced Cmax compared with OJ and that the reductions were comparable to WOF (study 1: OPF, 115 ± 4.06 compared with OJ, 124 ± 4.06 and WOF, 114 ± 4.06 mg · dL-¹, P = 0.002 and 0.75, respectively; study 2: OPF, 128 ± 1.92 compared with OJ, 136 ± 1.92 and WOF, 125 ± 1.92 mg · dL-¹, P = 0.001 and 0.28, respectively). CONCLUSION Data from both studies demonstrated no significant effect of OPF on postprandial iAUC compared with OJ. However, adding OP into OJ attenuates the postprandial glucose Cmax, and the responses were comparable to WOF in healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guzman
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Food Sceince and Nutrition, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Food Sceince and Nutrition, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - DeAnn Liska
- Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Britt M Burton-Freeman
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Food Sceince and Nutrition, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Food Sceince and Nutrition, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nakazaki E, Mah E, Sanoshy K, Citrolo D, Watanabe F. Citicoline and Memory Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2021; 151:2153-2160. [PMID: 33978188 PMCID: PMC8349115 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation of citicoline (CDP-choline), a naturally occurring mononucleotide, has shown beneficial effects on memory function and behavior in populations with a wide range of impairments. However, few studies have investigated its effect in healthy older populations. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of citicoline (Cognizin®), on memory in healthy elderly populations with age-associated memory impairment (AAMI). METHODS A total of 100 healthy men and women aged between 50 and 85 y with AAMI participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized to receive placebo (n = 51) or citicoline (n = 49; 500 mg/d) for 12 wk. Memory function was assessed at baseline and end of the intervention (12 wk) using computerized tests (Cambridge Brain Sciences, Ontario, Canada). Safety measurements included adverse events query, body weight, blood pressure, and hematology and metabolic panel. Intent-to-treat analysis was conducted using ANCOVA for the primary and secondary outcome variables with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS A total of 99 out of 100 participants completed the study in its entirety. After the 12-wk intervention, participants supplemented with citicoline showed significantly greater improvements in secondary outcomes of episodic memory (assessed by the Paired Associate test), compared with those on placebo (mean: 0.15 vs. 0.06, respectively, P = 0.0025). Composite memory (secondary outcome), calculated using the scores of 4 memory tests, also significantly improved to a greater extent following citicoline supplementation (mean: 3.78) compared with placebo (mean: 0.72, P = 0.0052). CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation of citicoline for 12 wk improved overall memory performance, especially episodic memory, in healthy older males and females with AAMI. The findings suggest that regular consumption of citicoline may be safe and potentially beneficial against memory loss due to aging. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03369925.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Innovation Services, Addison, IL 60101, USA
| | | | - Danielle Citrolo
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Kyowa Hakko USA Inc., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fumiko Watanabe
- Research & Innovation Center, Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0841, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen O, Blonquist T, Sudakaran S, Mah E, Kelley K, Sanoshy K, Falcone P, Herrlinger K. Effect of Whole Cell Algae Fermentate on Gut Health and Microbiome in Healthy Adults with Mild Gastrointestinal Issues: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Study. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Chen O, Mah E, Dioum E, Marwaha A, Shanmugam S, Malleshi N, Sudha V, Gayathri R, Unnikrishnan R, Anjana RM, Krishnaswamy K, Mohan V, Chu Y. The Role of Oat Nutrients in the Immune System: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041048. [PMID: 33804909 PMCID: PMC8063794 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal nutrition is the foundation for the development and maintenance of a healthy immune system. An optimal supply of nutrients is required for biosynthesis of immune factors and immune cell proliferation. Nutrient deficiency/inadequacy and hidden hunger, which manifests as depleted nutrients reserves, increase the risk of infectious diseases and aggravate disease severity. Therefore, an adequate and balanced diet containing an abundant diversity of foods, nutrients, and non-nutrient chemicals is paramount for an optimal immune defense against infectious diseases, including cold/flu and non-communicable diseases. Some nutrients and foods play a larger role than others in the support of the immune system. Oats are a nutritious whole grain and contain several immunomodulating nutrients. In this narrative review, we discuss the contribution of oat nutrients, including dietary fiber (β-glucans), copper, iron, selenium, and zinc, polyphenolics (ferulic acid and avenanthramides), and proteins (glutamine) in optimizing the innate and adaptive immune system's response to infections directly by modulating the innate and adaptive immunity and indirectly by eliciting changes in the gut microbiota and related metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Chen
- Biofortis Research, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA;
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA;
| | - ElHadji Dioum
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo Health & Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA; (E.D.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ankita Marwaha
- PepsiCo Health & Nutrition Sciences, AMESA, Gurgaon 122101, India;
| | - Shobana Shanmugam
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Nagappa Malleshi
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Rajagopal Gayathri
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Kamala Krishnaswamy
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - YiFang Chu
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo Health & Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA; (E.D.); (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chatelaine H, Dey P, Mo X, Mah E, Bruno RS, Kopec RE. Vitamin A and D Absorption in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome versus Healthy Controls: A Pilot Study Utilizing Targeted and Untargeted LC-MS Lipidomics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000413. [PMID: 33167078 PMCID: PMC7902427 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Persons with metabolic syndrome (MetS) absorb less vitamin E than healthy controls. It is hypothesized that absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) A and D2 would also decrease with MetS status and that trends would be reflected in lipidomic responses between groups. METHODS AND RESULTS Following soymilk consumption (501 IU vitamin A, 119 IU vitamin D2 ), the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fractions (TRL) from MetS and healthy subjects (n = 10 age- and gender-matched subjects/group) are assessed using LC-MS/MS. Absorption is calculated using area under the time-concentration curves (AUC) from samples collected at 0, 3, and 6 h post-ingestion. MetS subjects have ≈6.4-fold higher median vitamin A AUC (retinyl palmitate) versus healthy controls (P = 0.07). Vitamin D2 AUC is unaffected by MetS status (P = 0.48). Untargeted LC-MS lipidomics reveals six phospholipids and one cholesterol ester with concentrations correlating (r = 0.53-0.68; P < 0.001) with vitamin A concentration. CONCLUSIONS The vitamin A-phospholipid association suggests increased hydrolysis by PLB, PLRP2, and/or PLA2 IB may be involved in the trend in higher vitamin A bioavailability in MetS subjects. Previously observed differences in circulating levels of these vitamins are likely not due to absorption. Alternate strategies should be investigated to improve FSV status in MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Chatelaine
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL
| | - Richard S. Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Rachel E. Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Canene-Adams K, Spence L, Kolberg LW, Karnik K, Liska D, Mah E. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study to Determine the Available Energy from Soluble Fiber. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:412-418. [PMID: 32729789 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1790440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determining the available energy (caloric value) of dietary non-digestible fibers that are fermented to varying degrees by intestinal microbes and metabolized to short chain fatty acids is important for provision of accurate information to food and beverage manufacturers for reformulation and labeling purposes. The objective of this human study was to determine the available energy of soluble fiber products by measuring post consumption breath hydrogen, with inulin as a control. METHODS PROMITOR® Soluble Corn Fiber 70 (SCF70) and PROMITOR® Soluble Corn Fiber 85B (SCF85B) are Tate & Lyle dietary fiber products with 70% and 85% fiber, respectively. The fiber portion of these products is structurally representative of the fiber portion of all PROMITOR® SCF products. The study conducted was a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Breath hydrogen was quantified following consumption of beverages consisting of 8 oz. of water and: inulin (control), SCF70, or SCF85B at 5, 10, or 15 g (total ingredient weight, "as is"). Subjects were generally healthy men and women (N = 19), age 18 to 34 years, with body mass index (BMI) 19.3 to 24.8 kg/m2. The primary outcome was incremental area under the curve over 10 h (iAUC0-10 h) for inulin, SCF70, and SCF85B at each dose. The available energy (kcal/g ingredient and kcal/g fiber) from SCF70 and SCF85B at each dose was then calculated using inulin as the reference. RESULTS Results demonstrated that breath hydrogen production was significantly lower following consumption of SCF70 and SCF85B compared to inulin at all consumption amounts. There were no significant differences in breath hydrogen production following consumption of SCF70 compared to SCF85B. CONCLUSION The available energy per gram of fiber was not significantly different between the SCF70 and SCF85B PROMITOR® products. The available energy of the fiber portion of PROMITOR® SCF products was determined to be 0.2 kcal/gram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie Canene-Adams
- Innovation and Commercial Development, Tate & Lyle, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Spence
- Innovation and Commercial Development, Tate & Lyle, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA.,Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Lore W Kolberg
- Innovation and Commercial Development, Tate & Lyle, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | - Kavita Karnik
- Innovation and Commercial Development, Tate & Lyle, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | - DeAnn Liska
- Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, Illinois, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brown A, Spazzoli B, Mah E, May D, Chu J, Spelman T, Choong P, Di Bella C. Planned combined onco-plastic (COP) surgical approach improves oncologic outcomes in soft tissue sarcomas. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:443-449. [PMID: 32660707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined modality of radiotherapy and surgery is the standard of treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The goal of this study was to assess whether a Combined Onco-Plastic (COP) surgical approach in the setting of neo-adjuvant radiotherapy can improve the oncologic outcomes of STS and reduce the rate of wound complications. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all patients with STS treated at a single sarcoma centre (St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne) between 2007 and 2018. Patients were stratified into two groups based on whether they have received the COP approach or were closed primarily by the orthopaedic surgeon. We analysed oncological outcomes and rate of wound complications. RESULTS A total of 546 patients with comparable demographics and tumor characteristics were included. The COP approach was performed in 75.6% of the patients. Wide margins were obtained in 97.4% of the cases, and this was significantly higher in the COP group (p < 0.001). The cumulative rate of local recurrence was 4.9%, with a 52% risk reduction in the COP approach, although this reduction was not significant (HR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.21-1.06; p = 0.070). The COP approach had better disease free survival (DFS) (aHR 1.86, 95% CI 1.45-2.37; p < 0.001) and Overall survival (risk of death aHR 0.49; 95% CI 0.30-0.79; p = 0.004). The overall wound complication rate was 18.6% with no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION A planned collaboration between the orthopaedic oncologist and the plastic surgeon is beneficial in the treatment of STS after neo-adjuvant radiotherapy, allowing remarkably good oncological outcomes and a low rate of wound complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Brown
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sarcoma Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Spazzoli
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sarcoma Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Mah
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D May
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sarcoma Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia
| | - T Spelman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Choong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sarcoma Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Di Bella
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sarcoma Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nakazaki E, Mah E, Citrolo D, Watanabe F. Effect of Citicoline on Memory Function in Healthy Order Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Subtle deficits in memory in healthy elderly adults are considered to be a normal consequence of aging [i.e., age-associated memory impairment (AAMI)]. The prevalence of cognitive impairment without dementia in the elderly is estimated at 5.4 million, and every year roughly 12% of these individuals go on to develop dementia. Supplementation of citicoline (CDP-choline), a naturally occurring mononucleotide, has shown beneficial effects on memory function and behavior in populations with a wide range of impairments. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated the effects of citicoline supplementation on memory in healthy elderly adults with memory loss due to aging. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Cognizin®, a citicoline supplement, on memory in healthy elderly populations with AAMI.
Methods
A total of 100 healthy men and women between 50 to 85 years of age with AAMI participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to receive placebo (n = 51) or Cognizin® (n = 49; 500 mg/day) for 12 weeks. Memory functions were assessed at baseline and end of the intervention (12 weeks) using computerized tests (Cambridge Brain Sciences, Ontario, Canada). Safety measurements included adverse events query, hematology and clinical chemistry.
Results
A total of 99 out of 100 subjects completed the study in its entirety. After the 12 week intervention, subjects supplemented with Cognizin® showed significantly greater improvements in episodic memory (assessed by the Paired Associate test) compared to those on placebo. Scores for composite memory, calculated using the scores of four memory tests (Spatial Span, Monkey Ladder, Paired Associate, and Digit Span) also improved to a greater extent following Cognizin® supplementation compared to placebo. There were no adverse events related to a study product and hematology and clinical chemistry were stable throughout the intervention.
Conclusions
Dietary supplement of Cognizin® for 12 weeks improved overall memory performance, especially episodic memory, in healthy males and females with AAMI. The findings suggest that regular consumption of Cognizin® may be safe and potentially beneficial against memory loss due to aging.
Funding Sources
Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nzana V, Oben T, Mah E, Ama Moor V, Teuwafeu D, Ashuntantang G. SUN-110 THE EFFECT OF PRETERM BIRTH ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND RENAL FUNCTION IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS IN YAOUNDE. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
21
|
Mah E, Kaden VN, Kelley KM, Liska DJ. Soluble and Insoluble Yeast β-Glucan Differentially Affect Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Marathon Runners: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Med Food 2019; 23:416-419. [PMID: 31573387 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, consumption of a dairy beverage incorporating insoluble β-glucan decreased upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptomatic days and severity in marathon runners. In this report, we extended our previous findings by presenting data on a dairy beverage containing soluble β-glucan and URTI in marathon runners. Healthy adults running in the 2017 Austin Marathon consumed dairy beverages (250 mL/day) containing 250 mg of insoluble (n = 69) or soluble (n = 76) baker's yeast β-glucan (Wellmune®) or placebo (n = 133) for the 45 days before, day of, and 45 days after the marathon (91 days total). Participants completed a daily online survey assessing compliance and URTI symptoms, which were evaluated using the Jackson Index and confirmed by the study physician. Total severity of URTI was significantly lower in the insoluble yeast β-glucan group compared to the placebo group, but was not different between the soluble yeast β-glucan group and placebo group. Severity ratings for nasal discharge were significantly lower in both the insoluble and soluble yeast β-glucan groups compared to the placebo group. Additionally, severity rating for sore throat was lower in the insoluble, but not the soluble yeast β-glucan group compared to the placebo group. The insoluble yeast β-glucan group, but not the soluble yeast β-glucan group also reported fewer URTI symptomatic days compared to the placebo group. The results suggest that soluble and insoluble yeast β-glucan, incorporated into a food matrix, differentially affected exercise-induced URTI in marathon runners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - DeAnn J Liska
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Background: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the scope and breadth of publicly available prospective cohort and randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature on 100% fruit juice and dental caries or tooth erosion in humans. Methods: We performed a systematic search in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies published from inception through May 2018, and the Cochrane Library databases for reports published through January 2018. Prospective cohort studies or RCTs conducted on dental health and 100% fruit juice, and published in English were selected. No restrictions were set for age, sex, geographic location, or socioeconomic status. Results: Eight publications representing five independent prospective cohort studies and nine publications on nine RCTs were included. All prospective cohort studies were in children or adolescents, and all RCTs were in adults. Prospective cohort studies on tooth erosion found no association between juice intake and tooth erosion, while those on dental caries incidence reported either no association or an inverse association between 100% fruit juice intakes and dental caries incidence. RCTs on tooth erosion showed decreased microhardness, increased surface enamel loss, increased erosion depth, greater enamel softening, and/or increased pellicle layer with 100% fruit juice, and those on dental caries showed increased demineralization of enamel slabs with 100% fruit juice. Conclusions: The existing evidence on 100% fruit juice intake and caries and tooth erosion are not conclusive. Overall, prospective cohort studies in children and adolescents found no association between 100% fruit juice intake and tooth erosion or dental caries, but, RCT data in adults suggests that 100% fruit juice could contribute to tooth erosion and dental caries. The RCT data, however, were from small, short-term studies that utilized intra-oral devices generally devoid of normal plaque or saliva action, and generally employed conditions that are not reflective of normal juice consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DeAnn Liska
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL, United States
| | - Michael Kelley
- Michael Kelley Nutrition Consulting, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mah E, Chen O, Liska D. Effect of Egg Consumption on Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (P08-043-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-043-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The relationship of egg consumption and cardiometabolic disease risk is controversial. This report provides an overview on the consistencies and gaps in the evidence base on eggs and cardiometabolic health.
Methods
PubMed database was screened for evidence-based reviews published in English that assessed human studies on egg consumption and cardiometabolic outcomes, augmented by searches in Web of Science and Google.
Results
Seven qualitative and 15 quantitative reviews were identified, with >70% having published since 2015. Overall, the systematic reviews were of low quality, while meta-analyses were of moderate to high quality. No association of increased egg intake and risks of heart disease or stroke in the general population were found in the meta-analyses. Increased risk of heart failure was noted in two meta-analyses that analyzed the same three cohort studies. Five recent meta-analyses reported no increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the general population, although increased risk in US-based populations only was reported. Older (2013) meta-analyses reported increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or heart disease in T2DM populations and no recent evidence-based reviews were identified. Finally, only one meta-analysis reported intervention studies specifically on eggs and biomarkers (i.e., lipids), and the results contradicted those from observation studies.
Conclusions
Recent evidence-based reviews conclude that increased egg consumption is not associated with CVD in the general population. More research is needed on the positive associations between heart failure and T2DM risk with egg consumption, as well as CVD risk in diabetics, before firm Conclusions can be made.
Funding Sources
Partial support from Egg Nutrition Council.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Cranberry (Vaccinium spp.) has been advocated for maintaining healthy urinary tract function in women; however, the effect in other populations is controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate cranberry intake and the risk of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) and some categories of complicated UTI in otherwise healthy populations.
Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched, and studies screened and extracted using a predefined strategy by two independent investigators. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion with a third investigator. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan (version 5.3.5, Cochrane, UK). Heterogeneity was assessed with both I2 and the chi-square tests. A low to moderate (I2 < 50%) heterogeneity was found; thus, fixed-effect model using the Mantel-Haenszel method were used to estimate the risk ratio (RR).
Results
A total of 16 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Pooled RR estimates for the seven studies on healthy, non-pregnant women (RR = 0.76 [95% CI: 0.63–0.91]) suggest that cranberry may reduce the risk for UTI recurrence in this population, consistent with previous meta-analyses. Meta-analysis also suggests lower UTI risk with cranberries in children based on four studies (RR = 0.58 [95% CI: 0.41–0.83]). Only two studies in pregnant women were identified and these were both performed by the same research group. RR estimates obtained for healthy, pregnant women (RR = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.37–2.04]) were not significant. The RR estimate for elderly/institutionalized adults was also not significant (RR = 0.81 [95% CI: 0.48–1.35]), but the three studies in this evaluation included data combined from heterogeneous populations having immune, neurological, and/or physical dysfunction with data from healthy people. Therefore, these findings do not reflect data in the generally healthy elderly population.
Conclusions
Meta-analysis of studies investigating cranberry and UTI risk suggests that cranberries may be useful in reducing the risk of uncomplicated UTI recurrence in healthy, non-pregnant women and children. More research is needed on the effect of cranberry on UTI risk in pregnant women and generally healthy elderly/institutionalized adults before firm conclusions can be made.
Funding Sources
Ocean Spray.
Collapse
|
25
|
Chiabi A, Ngamgo Kamdem JC, Nkoro AG, Siyou H, Hamo S, Nguefack FD, Mah E, Nguefack S, Angwafo F. Facteurs de risques de l’érythème fessier du nourrisson à l’hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Cameroun. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 146:141-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
26
|
McDonald JD, Mah E, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Dey P, Labyk AN, Villamena FA, Volek JS, Bruno RS. Dairy milk proteins attenuate hyperglycemia-induced impairments in vascular endothelial function in adults with prediabetes by limiting increases in glycemia and oxidative stress that reduce nitric oxide bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 63:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
27
|
Liska D, Mah E, Brisbois T, Barrios PL, Baker LB, Spriet LL. Narrative Review of Hydration and Selected Health Outcomes in the General Population. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010070. [PMID: 30609670 PMCID: PMC6356561 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adequate hydration is essential for health, little attention has been paid to the effects of hydration among the generally healthy population. This narrative review presents the state of the science on the role of hydration in health in the general population, specifically in skin health, neurological function (i.e., cognition, mood, and headache), gastrointestinal and renal functions, and body weight and composition. There is a growing body of evidence that supports the importance of adequate hydration in maintaining proper health, especially with regard to cognition, kidney stone risk, and weight management. However, the evidence is largely associative and lacks consistency, and the number of randomized trials is limited. Additionally, there are major gaps in knowledge related to health outcomes due to small variations in hydration status, the influence of sex and sex hormones, and age, especially in older adults and children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DeAnn Liska
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA.
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA.
| | | | | | - Lindsay B Baker
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Barrington, IL 60010, USA.
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mah E, Kaden VN, Kelley KM, Liska DJ. Beverage Containing Dispersible Yeast β-Glucan Decreases Cold/Flu Symptomatic Days After Intense Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Diet Suppl 2018; 17:200-210. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1495676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
McDonald JD, Mah E, Dey P, Olmstead BD, Sasaki GY, Villamena FA, Bruno RS. Dairy milk, regardless of fat content, protects against postprandial hyperglycemia-mediated impairments in vascular endothelial function in adults with prediabetes by limiting oxidative stress responses that reduce nitric oxide bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:129-139. [PMID: 30359862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) transiently impairs vascular endothelial function (VEF) in an oxidative-stress-dependent manner by decreasing nitric oxide (NO•) bioavailability. Dairy milk, regardless of fat content, attenuates PPH, but whether this improves VEF by limiting oxidative stress responses that otherwise decrease NO• bioavailability is not known. We hypothesized that nonfat and full-fat dairy milk would similarly improve VEF by attenuating PPH-induced oxidative stress that otherwise decreases NO• biosynthesis and bioavailability. A randomized, crossover trial was conducted in adults with prediabetes (n=22) who ingested glucose (75 g) dissolved in 473 ml of water (GLU), or glucose with an equal volume of nonfat dairy milk (NFM) or full-fat dairy milk (FFM). Prior to and at 30-min intervals for 180 min postprandially, we assessed brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and measured circulating biomarkers of glycemic control, oxidative stress and NO• homeostasis. AUC0-180 min for FMD and NO• metabolites was lowest in GLU but relatively greater in NFM and FFM. Compared with GLU, AUCs for glucose, malondialdehyde, F2-isoprostanes and endothelin-1 were similarly lower in dairy trials. Milk-mediated vasoprotection was accompanied by greater levels of plasma arginine and lower levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine. Postprandial insulin, lipids and tetrahydrobiopterin redox status did not differ among trials. Thus, dairy milk, regardless of its fat content, attenuates PPH-mediated impairments in VEF by limiting oxidative stress. This improves NO• bioavailability to the vascular endothelium by increasing arginine availability and limiting competitive inhibition on NO• biosynthesis by asymmetric dimethylarginine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bryan D Olmstead
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mah E, Garcia-Campayo V, Liska D. Substitution of Corn Starch with Resistant Starch Type 4 in a Breakfast Bar Decreases Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy066. [PMID: 30338311 PMCID: PMC6186909 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant starches type 4 (RS4) are chemically modified starches that are resistant to digestion by human enzymes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test our hypothesis that replacement of standard starch with RS4 in a baked breakfast bar would decrease postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in healthy adults. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized crossover study, 21 healthy adults [10 men; 20-45 y old; BMI (kg/m2): 19.3-27.0] consumed a baked breakfast bar containing tapioca-based RS4 (Actistar 75330; Cargill, Inc.) or a macronutrient-matched control bar, delivering 32 g and 4 g of dietary fiber, respectively. Primary outcome was the incremental area under the curve (iAUC0-120 min) for postprandial capillary glucose. Other outcomes included postprandial serum insulin iAUC0-120 min, glucose and insulin maximum concentration (Cmax), and time to Cmax (Tmax). RESULTS Median glucose iAUC0-120 min was 22% lower (P < 0.05) and median insulin iAUC0-120 min was 37% lower (P < 0.05) after consumption of the RS4 food compared with the control food. Glucose and insulin Cmax and Tmax were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between foods. CONCLUSION The results suggest that replacement of standard starch with tapioca-based RS4 is a practical approach for reducing available carbohydrate in products and achieving postprandial blood glucose management. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03239288.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL
| | | | - DeAnn Liska
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mah E, Schulz JA, Kaden VN, Lawless AL, Rotor J, Mantilla LB, Liska DJ. Cashew consumption reduces total and LDL cholesterol: a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1070-1078. [PMID: 28356271 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.150037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cashews are the third most-consumed tree nut in the United States and are abundant with monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Although a qualified Food and Drug Administration health claim exists for nuts and heart health, cashews have been exempt from its use because cashews exceed the disqualifying amount of saturated fatty acids. Approximately one-third of the saturated fat in cashews is stearic acid, which is relatively neutral on blood lipids, thereby suggesting that cashews could have effects that are similar to those of other nuts. However, clinical data on cashews and blood lipids have been limited.Objective: We investigated the effect of reasonable intakes of cashews on serum lipids in adults with or at risk of high LDL cholesterol.Design: In a randomized, crossover, isocaloric, controlled-feeding study, 51 men and women (aged 21-73 y) with a median LDL-cholesterol concentration of 159 mg/dL (95% CI: 146, 165 mg/dL) at screening consumed typical American diets with cashews (28-64 g/d; 50% of kilocalories from carbohydrate, 18% of kilocalories from protein, and 32% of kilocalories from total fat) or potato chips (control; 54% of kilocalories from carbohydrate, 18% of kilocalories from protein, and 29% of kilocalories from total fat) for 28 d with a ≥2-wk washout period.Results: Consumption of the cashew diet resulted in a significantly greater median change from baseline (compared with the control, all P < 0.05) in total cholesterol [-3.9% (95% CI: -9.3%, 1.7%) compared with 0.8% (95% CI: -1.5%, 4.5%), respectively], LDL cholesterol [-4.8% (95% CI: -12.6%, 3.1%) compared with 1.2% (95% CI: -2.3%, 7.8%), respectively], non-HDL cholesterol [-5.3% (95% CI: -8.6%, 2.1%) compared with 1.7% (95% CI: -0.9%, 5.6%), respectively], and the total-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio [-0.0% (95% CI: -4.3%, 4.8%) compared with 3.4% (95% CI: 0.6%, 5.2%), respectively]. There were no significant differences between diets for HDL cholesterol and triglyceride.Conclusions: In comparison with a control diet, the incorporation of cashews into typical American diets decreases total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Results from this study provide support that the daily consumption of cashews, when substituted for a high-carbohydrate snack, may be a simple dietary strategy to help manage total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02769741.
Collapse
|
32
|
Traber MG, Mah E, Leonard SW, Bobe G, Bruno RS. Metabolic syndrome increases dietary α-tocopherol requirements as assessed using urinary and plasma vitamin E catabolites: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:571-579. [PMID: 28077381 PMCID: PMC5320409 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin E supplementation improves liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We reported previously that α-tocopherol bioavailability in healthy adults is higher than in those with MetS, thereby suggesting that the latter group has increased requirements.Objective: We hypothesized that α-tocopherol catabolites α-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (α-CEHC) and α-carboxymethylbutyl hydroxychromanol (α-CMBHC) are useful biomarkers of α-tocopherol status.Design: Adults (healthy or with MetS; n = 10/group) completed a double-blind, crossover clinical trial with four 72-h interventions during which they co-ingested 15 mg hexadeuterium-labeled RRR-α-tocopherol (d6-α-T) with nonfat, reduced-fat, whole, or soy milk. During each intervention, we measured α-CEHC and α-CMBHC excretions in three 8-h urine collections (0-24 h) and plasma α-tocopherol, α-CEHC, and α-CMBHC concentrations at various times ≤72 h.Results: During the first 24 h, participants with MetS compared with healthy adults excreted 41% less α-CEHC (all values are least-squares means ± SEMs: 0.6 ± 0.1 compared with 1.0 ± 0.1 μmol/g creatinine, respectively; P = 0.002), 63% less hexadeuterium-labeled (d6)-α-CEHC (0.04 ± 0.02 compared with 0.13 ± 0.02 μmol/g creatinine, respectively; P = 0.002), and 58% less d6-α-CMBHC (0.017 ± 0.004 compared with 0.041 ± 0.004 μmol/g creatinine, respectively; P = 0.0009) and had 52% lower plasma d6-α-CEHC areas under the concentration curves [area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24h): 27.7 ± 7.9 compared with 58.4 ± 7.9 nmol/L × h, respectively; P = 0.01]. d6-α-CEHC peaked before d6-α-T in 77 of 80 paired plasma concentration curves. Urinary d6-α-CEHC 24-h concentrations were associated with the plasma AUC0-24 h of d6-α-T (r = 0.53, P = 0.02) and d6-α-CEHC (r = 0.72, P = 0.0003), and with urinary d6-α-CMBHC (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001), and inversely with the plasma inflammation biomarkers C-reactive protein (r = -0.70, P = 0.0006), interleukin-10 (r = -0.59, P = 0.007), and interleukin-6 (r = -0.54, P = 0.01).Conclusion: Urinary α-CEHC and α-CMBHC are useful biomarkers to noninvasively assess α-tocopherol adequacy, especially in populations with MetS-associated hepatic dysfunction that likely impairs α-tocopherol trafficking. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01787591.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bobe G, Cobb TJ, Leonard SW, Aponso S, Bahro CB, Koley D, Mah E, Bruno RS, Traber MG. Increased static and decreased capacity oxidation-reduction potentials in plasma are predictive of metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2017; 12:121-128. [PMID: 28222379 PMCID: PMC5318349 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric conductivity in plasma is the balance between oxidized and reduced molecules (static Oxidation-Reduction Potential, sORP) and the amount of readily oxidizable molecules (capacity ORP, cORP). Adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) have increased inflammation, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress; therefore, participants with MetS were hypothesized to have higher plasma sORP and lower cORP than those measures in healthy adults. Heparin-anticoagulated plasma from healthy and age- and gender-matched individuals with MetS (BMI: 22.6±0.7 vs. 37.7±3.0 kg/m2, respectively) was collected in the fasting state at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h during each of four separate interventions in a clinical trial. At baseline, plasma sORP was 12.4% higher (P=0.007), while cORP values were less than half (41.1%, P=0.001) in those with MetS compared with healthy participants. An sORP >140 mV detected MetS with 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity, while a cORP <0.50 μC detected MetS with 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity. sORP and cORP values in participants with MetS compared with healthy adults were linked to differences in waist circumference and BMI; in plasma markers of dyslipidemia (triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and oxidized LDL-cholesterol) and inflammation (C-reactive protein, IL-10); as well as with urinary markers of lipid peroxidation (e.g., 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2α; 2,3-dinor-8-iso-PGF2α). Higher sORP values are a robust indicator of metabolic stress, while lower cORP values act as an indicator of decreased metabolic resilience. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) adults have increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Plasma static (sORP) and capacity oxidation-reduction potentials (cORP) are easily measured. MetS sORP and cORP were linked to dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative damage. Higher sORP indicates stress; lower cORP indicates decreased resilience. sORP >140.0 mV or cORP <0.50 μC predicted MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Tora J Cobb
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Savinda Aponso
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Christopher B Bahro
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Dipankar Koley
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Inc., Addison, IL, United States
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li J, Sapper TN, Mah E, Moller MV, Kim JB, Chitchumroonchokchai C, McDonald JD, Bruno RS. Green tea extract treatment reduces NFκB activation in mice with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by lowering TNFR1 and TLR4 expression and ligand availability. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 41:34-41. [PMID: 28038359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NFκB-mediated inflammation contributes to liver injury during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We hypothesized that antiinflammatory activities of green tea extract (GTE) during NASH would lower tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1)- and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-mediated NFκB activation. Male C57BL6/J mice (6 weeks old) were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks to induce NASH. They were then randomized to continue on these diets supplemented with 0 or 2% GTE (n=10/group) for an additional 8 weeks prior to evaluating NASH, NFκB inflammation and TNFR1 and TLR4 receptor complexes and their respective ligands, TNFα and endotoxin. HF feeding increased (P<.05) serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and histological evidence of NASH compared with LF controls. HF-mediated increases in NFκB p65 phosphorylation were also accompanied by increased serum TNFα and endotoxin concentrations, mRNA expression of hepatic TNFR1 and TLR4 and MyD88 protein levels. GTE in LF mice had no effect (P>.05) on liver histology or inflammatory responses. However, GTE in HF mice decreased biochemical and histological parameters of NASH and lowered hepatic p65 phosphorylation in association with decreased serum TNFα, mRNA expression of TNFR1 and TLR4 and MyD88 protein. GTE in HF-fed mice also lowered serum endotoxin and up-regulated mRNA expression of duodenal occludin and zonula occluden-1 and ileal occludin and claudin-1 that were otherwise lowered in expression by HF feeding. These data suggest that dietary GTE treatment reduces hepatic inflammation in NASH by decreasing proinflammatory signaling through TNFR1 and TLR4 that otherwise increases NFκB activation and liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Teryn N Sapper
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biofortis, Inc., Addison, IL 60101, USA
| | - Meredith V Moller
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua B Kim
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Joshua D McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sapper TN, Mah E, Ahn-Jarvis J, McDonald JD, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Reverri EJ, Vodovotz Y, Bruno RS. A green tea-containing starch confection increases plasma catechins without protecting against postprandial impairments in vascular function in normoglycemic adults. Food Funct 2016; 7:3843-53. [PMID: 27494176 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) increases cardiovascular disease risk regardless of glucose intolerance by transiently impairing vascular endothelial function (VEF) by limiting nitric oxide bioavailability in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. Preclinical studies show that green tea catechins attenuate PPH by inhibiting starch digestion. We hypothesized that a starch-based confection containing catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) would limit PPH-mediated impairments in VEF in normoglycemic adults. We formulated a unique GTE confection and then conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover study in healthy men (n = 15; 25.3 ± 1.0 years; 22.4 ± 1.8 kg m(-2)) in which they ingested starch confections (50 g carbohydrate) formulated with or without GTE (1 g) prior to evaluating sensory characteristics of confections and plasma glucose, biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide homeostasis, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at 30 min intervals for 3 h. Sensory evaluation of confections indicated acceptable consumer appeal and an inability to distinguish between confections regardless of GTE. Plasma catechins concentrations increased following ingestion of the GTE confection. However, plasma glucose peaked at 60 min (P < 0.05) following confection ingestion and was unaffected throughout the postprandial period by the GTE confection (P > 0.05). FMD was significantly decreased only at 60 min regardless of confections containing GTE. Also at 60 min, both confections similarly increased plasma malondialdehyde while decreasing arginine and increasing asymmetric dimethylarginine/arginine. The successfully formulated GTE-containing confection effectively delivered catechins, but without mitigating PPH-mediated impairments in VEF in association with oxidative stress that likely limits nitric oxide bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teryn N Sapper
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li J, Sapper TN, Mah E, Rudraiah S, Schill KE, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Moller MV, McDonald JD, Rohrer PR, Manautou JE, Bruno RS. Green tea extract provides extensive Nrf2-independent protection against lipid accumulation and NFκB pro- inflammatory responses during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:858-70. [PMID: 26679056 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Green tea extract (GTE) reduces liver steatosis and inflammation during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We hypothesized GTE would mitigate NASH in a nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent manner in a high fat (HF) induced model. METHODS AND RESULTS Nrf2-null and wild-type (WT) mice were fed an HF diet containing 0 or 2% GTE for eight weeks prior to assessing parameters of NASH. Compared to WT mice, Nrf2-null mice had increased serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic triglyceride, expression of free fatty acid uptake and lipogenic genes, malondialdehyde and NFκB phosphorylation and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. In WT mice, GTE increased Nrf2 and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 mRNA, and lowered hepatic steatosis, lipid uptake and lipogenic gene expression, malondialdehyde, and NFκB-dependent inflammation. In Nrf2-null mice, GTE lowered NFκB phosphorylation and TNF-α and MCP1 mRNA to levels observed in WT mice fed GTE whereas hepatic triglyceride and lipogenic genes were lowered only to those of WT mice fed no GTE. Malondialdehyde was lowered in Nrf2-null mice fed GTE, but not to levels of WT mice, and without improving the hepatic antioxidants α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and uric acid. CONCLUSION Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates NASH whereas anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities of GTE likely occur largely independent of Nrf2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Teryn N Sapper
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Biofortis, Inc, Addison, IL, USA
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kevin E Schill
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Meredith V Moller
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua D McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Philip R Rohrer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mah E, Sapper TN, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Failla ML, Schill KE, Clinton SK, Bobe G, Traber MG, Bruno RS. α-Tocopherol bioavailability is lower in adults with metabolic syndrome regardless of dairy fat co-ingestion: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1070-80. [PMID: 26447154 PMCID: PMC4625597 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.118570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing dietary fat intake is expected to improve α-tocopherol bioavailability, which could be beneficial for improving α-tocopherol status, especially in cohorts at high cardiometabolic risk who fail to meet dietary α-tocopherol requirements. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess dose-dependent effects of dairy fat and metabolic syndrome (MetS) health status on α-tocopherol pharmacokinetics in plasma and lipoproteins. DESIGN A randomized, crossover, double-blind study was conducted in healthy and MetS adults (n = 10/group) who ingested encapsulated hexadeuterium-labeled (d6)-RRR-α-tocopherol (15 mg) with 240 mL nonfat (0.2 g fat), reduced-fat (4.8 g fat), or whole (7.9 g fat) milk before blood collection at regular intervals for 72 h. RESULTS Compared with healthy participants, those with MetS had lower (P < 0.05) baseline plasma α-tocopherol (μmol/mmol lipid) and greater oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein. Regardless of health status, d6-α-tocopherol bioavailability was unaffected by increasing amounts of dairy fat provided by milk beverages, but MetS participants had lower estimated d6-α-tocopherol absorption (±SEM) than did healthy participants (26.1% ± 1.0% compared with 29.5% ± 1.1%). They also had lower plasma d6-α-tocopherol AUC from 0 to 72 h, as well as maximal concentrations (Cmax: 2.04 ± 0.14 compared with 2.73 ± 0.18 μmol/L) and slower rates of plasma disappearance but similar times to Cmax. MetS participants had lower d6-α-tocopherol AUC from t = 0-12 h (AUC0- t final) in lipoprotein fractions [chylomicron, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL, high-density lipoprotein]. Percentages of d6-α-tocopherol AUC0- t final in both the chylomicron (r = -0.46 to -0.52) and VLDL (r = -0.49 to -0.68) fractions were inversely correlated with oxidized LDL, IL-10, IL-6, and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS At dietary intakes equivalent to the Recommended Dietary Allowance, α-tocopherol bioavailability is unaffected by dairy fat quantity but is lower in MetS adults, potentially because of greater inflammation and oxidative stress that limits small intestinal α-tocopherol absorption and/or impairs hepatic α-tocopherol trafficking. These findings support higher dietary α-tocopherol requirements for MetS adults. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01787591.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences and
| | - Teryn N Sapper
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences and
| | | | - Mark L Failla
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences and
| | - Kevin E Schill
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences and
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, and
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pei R, Mah E, Leonard SW, Traber MG, Bruno RS. α-Tocopherol supplementation reduces 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol accumulation by decreasing γ-tocopherol in young adult smokers. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1114-1121. [PMID: 25966030 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
γ-Tocopherol (γ-T) scavenges reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to form 5-NO2-γ-T (NGT). However, α-T supplementation decreases circulating γ-T, which could limit its RNS scavenging activities. We hypothesized that α-T supplementation would mitigate NGT accumulation by impairing γ-T status. Healthy smokers (21 ± 1 y, n = 11) and non-smokers (21 ± 2 y, n = 10) ingested 75 mg/d each of RRR- and all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate for 6 d. Plasma α-T, γ-T, γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (CEHC), NGT, and nitrate/nitrite were measured prior to supplementation (Pre), the morning after 6 consecutive evenings of supplementation (Post 1), and on the mornings of d 6 (Post 6) and d 14 (Post 14) during the post-supplementation period. α-T supplementation increased plasma α-T, and decreased γ-T, in both groups and these returned to Pre concentrations on Post 6 regardless of smoking status. Plasma γ-CEHC increased after the first dose of supplementation in both groups, suggesting that α-T supplementation decreased plasma γ-T in part by increasing its metabolism. Plasma NGT and nitrate/nitrite concentrations at Pre were greater in smokers, indicating greater nitrative stress due to cigarette smoking. Plasma NGT concentration was lowered only in smokers on Post 1 and Post 6 and was restored to Pre levels on Post 14. Plasma nitrate/nitrite tended (P = 0.07) to increase post-supplementation only in smokers, supporting decreases in RNS scavenging by γ-T. Plasma NGT concentration was more strongly correlated (P < 0.05) with γ-T in smokers (R = 0.83) compared with non-smokers (R = 0.50), supporting that α-T-mediated decreases in γ-T reduces NGT formation. These data indicate that α-T supplementation limits γ-T scavenging of RNS in smokers by decreasing γ-T availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruisong Pei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mah E, Sapper T, Leonard S, Traber M, Bruno R. α‐Tocopherol Bioavailability is Lower in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Regardless of Dairy Fat Co‐Ingestion. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.758.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Human NutritionThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Teryn Sapper
- Human NutritionThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Scott Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUnited States
| | - Maret Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUnited States
| | - Richard Bruno
- Human NutritionThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sapper T, Mah E, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Failla M, Bruno R. Dietary Fat Dose‐Dependently Increases α‐Tocopherol Bioaccessibility. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.122.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teryn Sapper
- Human SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUnited States
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUnited States
| | | | - Mark Failla
- Human SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUnited States
| | - Richard Bruno
- Human SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Y, Bharath L, Quan Y, Mah E, Guo Y, Hawkins M, Bruno R, Babu PVA, Jalili T, Symons JD. γ‐Carboxyethyl Hydroxychroman Preserves Nitric Oxide Bioavailability by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Endothelial Cells Treated with High Glucose. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.758.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Li
- COH and Division of Endo, Metab, and DiabetesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Leena Bharath
- COH and Division of Endo, Metab, and DiabetesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Ying Quan
- COH and Division of Nutrition University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human NutritionThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Yi Guo
- Human NutritionThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Makenzie Hawkins
- COH and Division of Nutrition University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Richard Bruno
- Human NutritionThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - PVA Babu
- COH and Division of Nutrition University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Thunder Jalili
- COH and Division of Nutrition University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - J David Symons
- COH and Division of Endo, Metab, and DiabetesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
- COH and Division of Nutrition University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sapper T, Mah E, Ahn‐Jarvis J, Vodovotz Y, Bruno R. Postprandial Hyperglycemia‐Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction is Unaffected by a Green Tea Containing Starch Confection. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.608.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teryn Sapper
- Human Sciences The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUnited States
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Sciences The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUnited States
| | - Jennifer Ahn‐Jarvis
- Food Science and TechnologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUnited States
| | - Yael Vodovotz
- Food Science and TechnologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUnited States
| | - Richard Bruno
- Human Sciences The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ballard K, Taylor B, Beam JE, Mah E, Guo Y, Bruno R, Polk D, Thompson P. Single LDL‐Cholesterol Apheresis Treatment Does Not Improve Vascular Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic Patients. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.643.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ballard
- Division of Cardiology Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticutUnited States
| | - Beth Taylor
- Division of Cardiology Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticutUnited States
| | - Jo Ellen Beam
- Division of Cardiology Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticutUnited States
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human NutritionProgram The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Yi Guo
- Human NutritionProgram The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Richard Bruno
- Human NutritionProgram The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Donna Polk
- Division of Cardiology Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUnited States
| | - Paul Thompson
- Division of Cardiology Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticutUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chung MY, Mah E, Masterjohn C, Noh SK, Park HJ, Clark RM, Park YK, Lee JY, Bruno RS. Green Tea Lowers Hepatic COX-2 and Prostaglandin E2 in Rats with Dietary Fat-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Food 2014; 18:648-55. [PMID: 25453513 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea extract (GTE) protects against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by decreasing hepatic steatosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation. We hypothesized that hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities of GTE would protect against NASH by reducing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an NFκB-dependent enzyme, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a dietary fat-induced obese model. Male Wistar rats were fed a low-fat diet containing no GTE or a high-fat (HF) diet containing GTE at 0%, 1%, or 2% for 8 weeks. Insulin resistance and total hepatic fatty acids increased following HF feeding (P<.05) and these were normalized by GTE at 1-2%. GTE (1-2%) normalized hepatic malondialdehyde without affecting cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA expression, which was otherwise increased by HF feeding. HF-mediated increases in hepatic COX-2 protein and activity as well as PGE2 concentrations were normalized by GTE (1-2%). COX-2 activity and PGE2 were correlated to each other, and to serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic NFκB-binding activity (P<.05; r=0.28-0.49). GTE attenuated HF-mediated increases in total hepatic n-6 and n-3, without affecting the n-6/n-3 ratio. GTE did not affect HF-mediated increases in n-6 in nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and phospholipid pools, whereas n-3 and n-6/n-3 in both pools were unaffected by GTE and HF feeding. GTE decreased total hepatic arachidonic acid without affecting HF-mediated increases in arachidonic acid in NEFA or phospholipid pools. Thus, GTE attenuates lipid peroxidation and PGE2 accumulation by decreasing COX-2 activity independent of arachidonic acid availability and supports an additional mechanism by which GTE protects against liver injury during NASH in an HF-feeding model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chung
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,2Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eunice Mah
- 3Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher Masterjohn
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sang K Noh
- 4Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Hea Jin Park
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,5Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard M Clark
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,3Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guo Y, Mah E, Bruno RS. Quercetin bioavailability is associated with inadequate plasma vitamin C status and greater plasma endotoxin in adults. Nutrition 2014; 30:1279-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
46
|
Mah E, Pei R, Guo Y, Masterjohn C, Ballard KD, Taylor BA, Taylor AW, Traber MG, Volek JS, Bruno RS. Greater γ-tocopherol status during acute smoking abstinence with nicotine replacement therapy improved vascular endothelial function by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-prostaglandin F2α. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:527-33. [PMID: 25361769 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214556948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) improves the long-term success rate of smoking cessation, but induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that may delay the restoration of vascular endothelial function (VEF). No studies have examined co-therapy of NRT-assisted smoking abstinence with γ-tocopherol (γ-T), a vitamin E form with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on improvements in VEF. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy smokers (25 ± 1 y old; mean ± SEM) received NRT and abstained from smoking for 24 h with placebo (n = 12) or oral administration of γ-T-rich mixture of tocopherols (γ-TmT; n = 11) that provided 500 mg γ-T. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and biomarkers of nitric oxide metabolism, antioxidant status, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation [8-iso-prostaglandin F2α stereoisomers (8-iso-15(R)-PGF2α and 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2α)] were measured prior to and after 24 h of smoking abstinence. Smoking abstinence with NRT regardless of γ-TmT similarly decreased urinary naphthol (P < 0.05) without affecting plasma cotinine. γ-TmT increased plasma γ-T by 4-times and the urinary metabolite of γ-T, γ-carboxyethyl-chromanol, by three times. Smoking abstinence with γ-TmT, but not smoking abstinence alone, increased FMD without affecting plasma nitrate/nitrite or the ratio of asymmetric dimethylarginine/arginine. Urinary 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2α decreased only in those receiving γ-TmT and was inversely correlated to FMD (R = -0.43, P < 0.05). Circulating markers of inflammation were unaffected by smoking abstinence or γ-TmT. Short-term NRT-assisted smoking abstinence with γ-TmT, but not NRT-assisted smoking abstinence alone, improved VEF by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2α, a vasoconstrictor that was otherwise unaffected by NRT-assisted smoking abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ruisong Pei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Kevin D Ballard
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | - Beth A Taylor
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | - Alan W Taylor
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li Y, Quan Y, Panneerseelan L, Mah E, Guo Y, Hawkins M, Jalili T, Bruno R, Symons JD. γ‐Tocopherol supplementation attenuates arterial dysfunction in
db/db
mice (260.8). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.260.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Li
- COH, and Endo, Metaband Diabetes University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Ying Quan
- COH, and Endo, Metaband Diabetes University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Leena Panneerseelan
- COH, and Endo, Metaband Diabetes University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Yi Guo
- Human Nutrition Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Makenzie Hawkins
- COH, and Endo, Metaband Diabetes University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Thunder Jalili
- COH, and Endo, Metaband Diabetes University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Richard Bruno
- Human Nutrition Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - J David Symons
- COH, and Endo, Metaband Diabetes University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mah E, Li Y, Guo Y, Lim Y, Jalili T, Symons J, Bruno R. γ‐Tocopherol attenuates liver injury in diabetic (db/db) mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (260.7). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.260.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Youyou Li
- Exercise and Sport Science University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Yi Guo
- Human Nutrition Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Food and Nutrition Kyung Hee UniversitySEOULRepublic of Korea
- Human Nutrition Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Thunder Jalili
- Nutrition SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - J Symons
- Exercise and Sport Science University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUnited States
| | - Richard Bruno
- Human Nutrition Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Brannan RG, Mah E, Schott M, Yuan S, Casher KL, Myers A, Herrick C. Influence of ingredients that reduce oil absorption during immersion frying of battered and breaded foods. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Brannan
- Applied Health Sciences and Wellness; Grover Center E334; Ohio University Athens; OH USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- The Ohio State University, Human Sciences; OH USA
| | - Maria Schott
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Simin Yuan
- Applied Health Sciences and Wellness; Grover Center E334; Ohio University Athens; OH USA
| | - Katherine L. Casher
- Applied Health Sciences and Wellness; Grover Center E334; Ohio University Athens; OH USA
| | - Andrew Myers
- Applied Health Sciences and Wellness; Grover Center E334; Ohio University Athens; OH USA
| | - Christopher Herrick
- Applied Health Sciences and Wellness; Grover Center E334; Ohio University Athens; OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nguefack S, Massi Gams D, Moifo B, Mah E, Chiabi A, Bogne JB, Mbonda PC, Tchokoteu PF, Mbonda E. [Clinical and etiological aspects of focal epilepsy in children at Yaoundé Gynaeco-obstetric Hospital (Cameroon)]. Mali Med 2014; 29:5-16. [PMID: 30049122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and etiological aspects of child focal epilepsy at Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH) in Cameroon. PATIENTS AND METHODS It was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in pediatric neurology and epileptology unit of YGOPH from October 1st 2011 to March 30th 2012. We included 218 patients aged 0-16 years with a diagnosis of focal epilepsy in whom an electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed. The studied variables were epidemiological, etiological factors, type of epilepsy, EEG abnormalities, abnormalities in brain CT-scan, and probable etiology. RESULTS The sex ratio was 1.34 M/1F. The mean age of patients was 8 ± 4 years. In 58.71% (128/218) the onset of crises was before the age of five and decreased gradually until adolescence. The EEG showed an epileptic focus in 161 patients (73.85%). The main foci were centro-temporal (19.9%), frontal (19.2%), temporal (14.9%) and fronto-temporal (14.9%). The CT-scan was abnormal in 58 (56.86%) of 102 patients, who performed head CT-scan, with as major abnormalities, brain atrophy and after-effects lesions. Etiological factors were found in 76.15 % of patients, it was mainly neonatal asphyxia (21%), family history of epilepsy (20.6%) and febrile seizures (19.7%). Focal epilepsies were of structural (51.4%), genetic (24.3%) or unknown causes. Neurological abnormalities associated were more frequently in focal epilepsies of structural causes. CONCLUSION The focal child epilepsies are mostly of structural causes and preferentially temporal and/or frontal in location. The main etiological factors are family history of epilepsy and neonatal asphyxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nguefack
- Service de pédiatrie et des sous spécialités pédiatriques- Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé
- Faculté de médicine et des sciences biomédicales- Université de Yaoundé I
| | - D Massi Gams
- Faculté de médicine et des sciences biomédicales- Université de Yaoundé I
| | - B Moifo
- Faculté de médicine et des sciences biomédicales- Université de Yaoundé I
- Service de radiologie-Hôpital gynéco-obstérique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé
| | - E Mah
- Service de pédiatrie et des sous spécialités pédiatriques- Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé
- Faculté de médicine et des sciences biomédicales- Université de Yaoundé I
| | - A Chiabi
- Service de pédiatrie et des sous spécialités pédiatriques- Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé
- Faculté de médicine et des sciences biomédicales- Université de Yaoundé I
| | - J B Bogne
- Service de pédiatrie et des sous spécialités pédiatriques- Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé
| | - P C Mbonda
- Faculté de médicine et des sciences biomédicales- Université de Yaoundé I
| | - P F Tchokoteu
- Service de pédiatrie et des sous spécialités pédiatriques- Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé
| | - E Mbonda
- Service de pédiatrie et des sous spécialités pédiatriques- Hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé
- Faculté de médicine et des sciences biomédicales- Université de Yaoundé I
| |
Collapse
|