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Pi Y, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang F. Reciprocal longitudinal relations between self-efficacy and coping style: The explanatory mechanism of future self-continuity. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38506257 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that self-efficacy and coping styles are related. However, whether there is a reciprocal longitudinal relation between self-efficacy and coping styles needs to be examined. In this longitudinal study, we tested the reciprocal impacts of self-efficacy and coping styles, taking into account the role of future self-continuity (FSC) in these effects. METHODS The sample included 346 university students in central and southwestern China (48.3% female; Mage = 21.20). Three waves of questionnaire data were collected at half-year intervals. Cross-lagged models were adopted for data analysis. RESULTS Self-efficacy at Waves 1 and 2 positively predicted positive coping style at Waves 2 and 3, and positive coping style at Waves 1 and 2 positively predicted self-efficacy at Waves 2 and 3. Self-efficacy at Waves 1 and 2 negatively predicted negative coping style at Waves 2 and 3, while negative coping style at Waves 1 and 2 did not significantly predict self-efficacy at Waves 2 and 3. These results indicated the reciprocal causation of self-efficacy and coping styles. Additionally, the mediation analysis revealed that FSC at Wave 2 played a mediating role in the unidirectional association between self-efficacy at Wave 1 and negative coping style at Wave 3. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that self-efficacy and coping style have mutual influences over time partly explained by university students' FSC. Consequently, the results offer potential applied value for promoting positive coping strategies among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pi
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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2
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Wang W, Xu L, Zhang H. Childhood maltreatment and association with trajectories of depressive symptoms among older adults: a longitudinal study in China. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38436285 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2323955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood maltreatment has long-lasting effects on mental health. Existing evidence suggests that trajectories of depressive symptoms vary among individuals; however, little is known about how childhood maltreatment shapes these trajectory patterns. Therefore, this study investigated the impacts of childhood maltreatment on eight-year depressive trajectories among Chinese older adults. METHOD Five waves of longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were utilized. Growth Mixture Modelling was performed to identify distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms, and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to explore the associations between these trajectories and childhood maltreatment. RESULTS Four trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: the 'no symptoms' class (61.83%), the 'increasing symptoms' class (14.49%), the 'decreasing symptoms' class (16.44%), and the 'chronic symptoms' class (7.24%). Older adults who experienced childhood physical abuse were more likely to be in the 'chronic symptoms' class than in the 'no symptoms' class, whereas emotional neglect did not show a significant association with three problematic trajectories. CONCLUSION This study provides empirical evidence that childhood physical abuse increases the likelihood of developing chronic depressive symptoms in later life. To mitigate this risk, it is crucial to institute comprehensive treatment plans that incorporate trauma-informed care principles, employ evidence-based therapies specifically designed to address the long-term effects of abuse, and prioritize regular screening and assessment of mental health among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Office of Academic Research, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Borualogo IS, Hyland K, Jefferies P. Expanding the CYRM-R to include domains of spirituality and religiosity for use with children and youth in Indonesia. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2184115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Hyland
- Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Philip Jefferies
- Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Arabatzis TJ, Doroshenko J, Ashraf MA, Smith RM. A Pilot Study of Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder in Medical Students at an Osteopathic Medical School Before and After High-Stakes Examinations. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:1259-1271. [PMID: 38028372 PMCID: PMC10643258 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s426015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Given the high prevalence of symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in medical students, identifying factors that impact the development of such symptoms is important. Previous data suggest that medical students can experience symptoms of MDD after medical school exams. It is not known if medical students experience more symptoms of MDD directly before or after exams. The aim of the current study is to determine the prevalence of symptoms of MDD in first- and second-year medical students directly before and after high-stakes medical school examinations. Methods Two anonymous surveys were sent via REDCap to first- and second-year medical students at the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine. A pre-exam survey on the day of the exam asking about the past three days' MDD symptoms, and a post-exam survey sent three days after the exam asking about MDD symptoms experienced after the exam was sent out to a total of 391 students with a response rate of 23%. Results First- and second-year medical students regardless of gender experienced symptoms of MDD at higher rates before exams than afterwards. Female students experienced symptoms of MDD (as defined by the DSM-5) including sadness, sleep disturbances, and feelings of guilt or worthlessness at a greater rate compared to males before exams. After exams, females were more likely to experience sleep disturbances and decreased energy. Second-year male students were the least likely to experience symptoms of MDD. Conclusion First- and second-year medical students can experience symptoms of MDD surrounding exams. This study highlights the emotional burden that students may carry near exams. It underscores the importance of further research on this topic to evaluate the effect exams have on the mental health of medical students during their training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taxiarhia J Arabatzis
- Department of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Justin Doroshenko
- Department of Emergency Medicine Residency Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Muhammad A Ashraf
- Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Ryan M Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, USA
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Daryanto B, Kurniawan J, Wiranigitasari, Hioe F, Nurhadi P, Yudhantara DS. Prevalence of burnout and its associated factors among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285986. [PMID: 37384674 PMCID: PMC10309627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifting learning process due to COVID-19 has led to increased burnout prevalence among medical students. Thus, this study aimed to assess burnout prevalence and its associated factors among Indonesian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students in Malang, Indonesia. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey tool. Pearson's Chi-square was used to assess significant associations, and binary logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the predictor variables and burnout. The difference of each subscale score was evaluated using an independent sample t test. This study analyzed 413 medical students with a mean age of 21.1 ± 1.4 years old. About 29.5% and 32.9% of students reported a high level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, respectively, resulting in 17.9% of burnout prevalence. Stage of study was the only sociodemographic factor independently associated with burnout prevalence (odds ratio = 0.180, 95% confidence interval = 0.079-0.410, p-values = 0.000). Preclinical students had significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion (p-value = 0.004, d = 0.3) and depersonalization (p-value = 0.000, d = 1.1), and lower levels of personal accomplishment (p-value = 0.000, d = -0.5). Around one-sixth of the medical students experienced burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, with preclinical students being more prone to have burnout. Future study with other adjusted confounding factors is needed to completely understand the issue and obtain immediate interventional strategies to reduce burnout among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besut Daryanto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Jemmy Kurniawan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wiranigitasari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Felicia Hioe
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Pradana Nurhadi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dearisa Surya Yudhantara
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
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Nugraha D, Salamah S, Luke K, Wibowo ZK, Witarto AP, Deswima C, Kloping NA, Witarto BS, Syamlan AT, Irzaldy A, Rochmanti M, Sari DR, Sakina S, Alkaff FF. Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in 729 Medical Students in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e938892. [PMID: 36755476 PMCID: PMC9926794 DOI: 10.12659/msm.938892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health worldwide. However, its impact on medical students in Indonesia has not been well documented. This study aimed to evaluate HRQoL and mental health in 729 Indonesian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study from 31 August to 30 September 2021. The study instrument was an online questionnaire that was distributed via social media platforms. The 12-item short form version 2 (SF12v2) was used to measure HRQoL, and the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure mental health. RESULTS From 729 Indonesian medical students included in the analyses, 37.3% had impaired physical component and 66.9% had impaired mental component of HRQoL. The determinants were medical students' island of residence, history of hospitalization, and family member's hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. Concerning mental health, the prevalence of reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were 45.4%, 65.2%, and 60.9%, respectively. Sex, study method, grade, previous COVID-19 disease severity, comorbidities, previous learning experience, and history of family isolation were identified as the determinants of mental health. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the adverse effects of COVID-19 on HRQoL and mental health in Indonesian medical students. The results identified key associations, including SARS-CoV-2 infection and comorbidities experienced by the students, the health of their families, including grief following bereavement, and the effects of social isolation during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nugraha
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Airlangga Medical Students Research Group (AIRMEDS-21), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sovia Salamah
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Luke
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Airlangga Medical Students Research Group (AIRMEDS-21), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Zefo Kiyosi Wibowo
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Airlangga Medical Students Research Group (AIRMEDS-21), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andro Pramana Witarto
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Airlangga Medical Students Research Group (AIRMEDS-21), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Caesariska Deswima
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Airlangga Medical Students Research Group (AIRMEDS-21), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Ananda Kloping
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Airlangga Medical Students Research Group (AIRMEDS-21), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bendix Samarta Witarto
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Airlangga Medical Students Research Group (AIRMEDS-21), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Adila Taufik Syamlan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Abyan Irzaldy
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maftuchah Rochmanti
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Ratna Sari
- Division Anatomy and Histology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sakina Sakina
- Division Anatomy and Histology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Firas Farisi Alkaff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Linden B, Ecclestone A, Stuart H. A scoping review and evaluation of instruments used to measure resilience among post-secondary students. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101227. [PMID: 36177483 PMCID: PMC9513163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As mental health problems continue to increase among post-secondary populations, the need to develop effective initiatives designed to bolster students’ resilience has increasingly been identified as a priority. Therefore, access to valid tools with which to measure the efficacy of these interventions is imperative. To date, a comprehensive assessment of existing instruments used to evaluate the construct of resilience among post-secondary student populations has not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by conducting a scoping review of literature detailing the use of resilience instruments and evaluating their quality based on suitability for use in the post-secondary setting and associated psychometric evidence. We identified a total of 78 records published between 2010 and 2022, extracting a total of 12 instruments. Using detailed criteria frameworks, each instrument was assessed in terms of suitability and quality of associated psychometric evidence for validity and reliability. The results of our study suggest that many of the instruments currently being used to assess resilience among post-secondary students may not be appropriate. The majority of the instruments included in our review were developed for use among general adult populations and not specifically designed for use in the post-secondary setting. Most instruments did not assess resilience in a comprehensive, holistic matter that addressed the ability to bounce back from adversity by drawing upon psychological, social, cultural, and environmental resources, as defined by recent research. Further, no instruments included in our review had published evidence in support of a complete psychometric analysis. The results of our evaluation suggest that the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is the most suitable instrument for measuring resilience among post-secondary populations due to its suitability, comprehensive assessment of the construct of resilience, and demonstrably strong psychometric properties for both the 25- and 10-item versions of the tool. There is a need for access to valid and appropriate tools with which to measure post-secondary students’ resilience. We identified a total of 12 instruments evaluating resilience among post-secondary student populations. The majority of the instruments were not designed for use in the post-secondary setting and were not comprehensive· We recommend the CD-RISC as the most suitable. We recommend the CD-RISC as the most suitable instrument for measuring resilience among post-secondary students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Linden
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Amy Ecclestone
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Heather Stuart
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Departments of Public Health Sciences, Psychiatry and School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Canada
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