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Michel S, Banwell N, Senn N. Mobility Infrastructures and Health: Scoping Review of studies in Europe. Public Health Rev 2024; 45:1606862. [PMID: 38841179 PMCID: PMC11150585 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2024.1606862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Movement-friendly environments with infrastructure favouring active mobility are important for promoting physical activity. This scoping literature review aims at identifying the current evidence for links between mobility infrastructures and (a) behaviour regarding active mobility, (b) health outcomes and (c) co-benefits. Method This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA scoping review guidelines using PubMed and EMBASE databases. Studies included in this review were conducted in Europe, and published between 2000 and March 2023. Results 146 scientific articles and grey literature reports were identified. Connectivity of sidewalks, walkability, and accessibility of shops, services and work are associated with walking. Cycling is positively associated with cycle-paths, separation of cycling from traffic and proximity to greenspaces, and negatively associated with traffic danger. Increased active transportation has a protective effect on cardiovascular and respiratory health, obesity, fitness, and quality of life. Co-benefits result from the reduction of individual motorized transportation including reduced environmental pollution and projected healthcare expenditure. Conclusion Mobility infrastructure combined with social and educational incentives are effective in promoting active travel and reducing future healthcare expenses. A shift to active transportation would increase both individual and community health and decrease greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Michel
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Banwell
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Ethics (CIRE), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Senn
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Omorou AY, Langlois J, Böhme P, Legrand K, Muller L, Saez L, Pourcher-Lambolez C, Spitz E, Briançon S, Lecomte E. Proportionate universalism intervention is effective for tackling nutritional social gradient in adolescents: the PRALIMAP-INÈS mixed randomised trial. Public Health 2023; 221:79-86. [PMID: 37423032 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of proportionate universalism intervention to reduce the slope of the nutritional social gradient in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN A mixed (experimental and quasi-experimental) multicentre trial. METHODS Data from 985 adolescents of the PRALIMAP-INÈS trial (North-eastern France, 2012-2015) were analysed. For this, adolescents were split into five social classes according to the Family Affluence Scale: Highly Less Advantaged (H.L.Ad; n = 33), Less Advantaged (L.Ad; n = 155), Intermediate (Int; n = 404), Advantaged (Ad; n = 324) and Highly Advantaged (H.Ad; n = 69). The overweight care management was a standard care for all and a strengthened one adapted to the social class of adolescents. The main outcome was the 1-year change of the body mass index z-score (BMIz) slope. Other nutritional outcomes were BMI, ΔBMIp95 (BMI minus 95th percentile of the WHO reference), %BMIp95 (percent of 95th percentile of the WHO reference), leisure-time sport, consumption of fruits and vegetables and consumption of sugary foods and drinks. RESULTS The inclusion data confirmed a weight social gradient expressed by a significant BMIz linear regression coefficient (β = -0.09 [-0.14 to -0.04], P < 0.0001). The higher the social class, the lower the BMIz. The 1-year BMIz linear regression coefficient was -0.07 [-0.12 to -0.02], corresponding to a significant weight social gradient reduction of 23.3% (β = 0.021 [0.001 to 0.041]; P = 0.04). Consistent results were found for other nutritional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS PRALIMAP-INÈS shows that proportionate universalism intervention is effective to reduce the adolescents' nutritional social gradient and suggests that equitable health programmes and policies are a realistic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Omorou
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, Metz, France; CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC-1433 Clinical Epidemiology, Nancy, France.
| | - J Langlois
- National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Nancy, France
| | - P Böhme
- CHRU-Nancy, Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Nancy, France
| | - K Legrand
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, Metz, France; CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC-1433 Clinical Epidemiology, Nancy, France
| | - L Muller
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, Metz, France
| | - L Saez
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, Metz, France
| | | | - E Spitz
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, Metz, France
| | - S Briançon
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, Metz, France
| | - E Lecomte
- National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Nancy, France
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Physical Activity and Eating Behavior Inequalities Mediating the Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Sex on Adolescent Quality of Life: Insights of the PRALIMAP Trial. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:648-657. [PMID: 36100207 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to quantify the 2-year mediating effects of physical activity (PA) and eating behavior (EB) on socioeconomic and sex inequalities in quality of life (QoL) among French adolescents. METHODS Adolescents from a 2-year school-based trial were included. PA and EB were assessed at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and an eating habits questionnaire, respectively. QoL was measured at 2 years using the Duke Health Profile questionnaire. The mediating effect of adherence to PA and EB guidelines in the associations between socioeconomic status or sex and QoL was analyzed with a counterfactual method. RESULTS Among the 3562 included adolescents (mean age, 15.2 [0.6] y), being a boy and having a high socioeconomic status was associated with high QoL. Differences in QoL by socioeconomic status were mediated by adherence to guidelines for PA (up to 10.2%) and EB (up to 8.8%), and differences in QoL by sex were predominantly mediated by adherence to guidelines for PA (up to 163.8%). CONCLUSIONS Policies, programs, and interventions designed to reduce socioeconomic and sex inequalities in QoL among adolescents could use PA and EB as leverage.
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Fuentealba-Urra S, Rubio A, Flores-Rivera C, González-Carrasco M, Oyanedel JC, Castillo-Quezada H, Céspedes-Carreño C, Pacheco-Carrillo J. Physical activity habits and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in Chilean adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:915314. [PMID: 36059745 PMCID: PMC9431025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity plays an important role in the well-being and development of adolescents. Physical activity habits expressed in terms of frequency and duration are consistently associated with sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. However, there is less evidence of the relationship between the type and context of physical activity in adolescents. The aim of this article is to analyze physical activity habits and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in Chilean adolescents. The cross-sectional study consisted of 7,263 adolescents aged between 10 and 20 years old, students from both public and private schools in all regions of Chile. Physical activity habits were examined by means of a self-report questionnaire. The age groups were classified according to the three stages of adolescence (early: 10 to 13, middle: 14 to 16, and late: 17 to 20 years old). Socioeconomic level was established based on the school vulnerability index (SVI) of the school attended by each adolescent. In the study it was obvious to the level of physical activity for the adolescents was below the international recommendations. A statistically significant association can also be found between the sociodemographic factors studied and the physical activity habits reported by the young people. The multivariate regression analysis established that the risk of not achieving the physical activity recommendations was 2.8 times higher in females than in males, 2.4 times higher in the older age groups (14–16 and 17–20 years old) compared to the 10–13-year age range and 1.1 times in the medium and high vulnerability groups than in the low socioeconomic vulnerability group. These findings highlight the importance of considering all these factors holistically whenever designing programs or public policies that promote the development of healthy physical activity habits in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fuentealba-Urra
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Sergio Fuentealba-Urra,
| | - Andrés Rubio
- Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Psychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol Flores-Rivera
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Oyanedel
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Physical (in)activity, and its predictors, among Brazilian adolescents: a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:219. [PMID: 35114963 PMCID: PMC8811962 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is a multifactorial trait, determined by both individual and environmental characteristics, it seems relevant to understand the determinants related to youth guidelines accomplishment. The present study aimed to verify the differences between the Brazilian federative units regarding to the prevalence of youth physical activity guidelines accomplishment and to investigate the determinants related to the inter-individual differences in this accomplishment. Methods Sample comes from the 2015 Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE), comprising 99,570 adolescents (51,527 girls, 13-17y), enrolled in 3039 schools. Adolescents reported the time they spend in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, and they were categorized as active or inactive, if the guidelines were achieved, or not, respectively, and multilevel statistical analyses were used, including both child and school-level variables. Multilevel Binomial model was computed in the SuperMix software. Results The majority of the adolescents did not comply with the physical activity guidelines daily, where Bahian children complied the least, while those from Amazonas, Tocantins, and Mato Grosso do Sul complied the most. Boys (OR: 2.305; 95%CI: 2.277-2.334), older adolescents (OR: 1.044; 95%CI: 1.036-1.051), and those who spent more time in active travelling to/from school (OR: 1.001; 95%CI: 1.001-1.001) complied more the physical activity guidelines. At the school level, adolescents from larger schools (OR: 0.957; 95%CI: 0.928-0.986) tended to comply less with the guidelines. Conclusion Significant differences between Brazilian federative units in youth daily physical activity guidelines compliance were observed, highlighting the role of individual but also environmental constraints in the Brazilian adolescents’ engagement in physical activity.
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Rittsteiger L, Hinz T, Oriwol D, Wäsche H, Santos-Hövener C, Woll A. Sports participation of children and adolescents in Germany: disentangling the influence of parental socioeconomic status. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1446. [PMID: 34294081 PMCID: PMC8299646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in sports and physical activity (PA) is a critical resource for children's health and social development. This study analyzes how the parental socioeconomic status (SES) of children and adolescents affects their PA in sports clubs (organized sports) and outside of sports clubs (unorganized sports) and tests whether the potential impact of parental SES is mediated by the opportunity structure of their residential area (walkability, infrastructure, etc.) and by family and peer support for PA. Furthermore, PA is analyzed respecting differences by gender and migration background. METHODS Using representative data from the MoMo/KiGGS study (2009-2012 and 2014-2017), we take into account about 8000 measurements from about 7000 subjects. We estimate hurdle regression models to analyze the minutes per week spent on sports activities. RESULTS Results show that children with a higher parental SES, children living in areas with many opportunities for PA, and children receiving family and peer support are more physically active than children without these features. Controlled for opportunities and support, status effects are small but visible. The differences regarding parental SES are much more apparent for organized sports than for unorganized sports, indicating the relevance of economic resources. Boys are more active than girls, whereas there is no clear effect of migration background. CONCLUSIONS The coefficient of parental SES on organized sports most probably relates to the resources needed to participate in sports clubs, including fees and equipment. Lower membership fees might potentially help to integrate children with low parental SES into sports clubs and thereby make organized sports more accessible to all social classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Rittsteiger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Hinz
- Department for History and Sociology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Woll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Individual, Interpersonal, and Organizational Factors Affecting Physical Activity of School Adolescents in Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137011. [PMID: 34209078 PMCID: PMC8296940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors that may influence the physical activity of adolescents (ages 10–14) in Pakistani schools. A set of questionnaires that included individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors and PA behavior was completed by the 618 students selected from Pakistani schools. Stepwise forward regression model was applied to check the possible effects of multilevel variables on physical activity and to extract the stronger predictors. The results showed that physical activity was significantly predicted by individual level factors such as self-efficacy, motivation, and attitude. Among the demographic correlates, gender, age, and BMI did not affect physical activity, while socioeconomic status and geographic characteristics had a meaningful association with PA. At the interpersonal level, adolescents’ perception of family support had a potential influence on physical activity, while there was no impact of friends/peers and teachers support on adolescents’ PA. A school environmental characteristic, such as PA facility, was positively related to PA; however, the impact of PA equipment, safety, and policy and PA culture were statistically non-significant. The findings suggest that public health intervention strategies aimed at promoting PA in adolescents should recognize multiple levels of influences that may either enhance or impede the likelihood of PA among adolescents.
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France's 2020 Report Card on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Youth: Results and Progression. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:811-817. [PMID: 34039777 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an alarming and constant worldwide progression of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. The present paper summarizes findings from France's 2020 Report Card on physical activity for children and youth, comparing its results to its 2 previous editions (2016 and 2018). METHODS France's 2020 Report Card follows the standardized methodology established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Matrix, grading 10 common physical activity indicators using the best available evidence. The grades were informed by national surveys, peer-reviewed literature, government and nongovernment reports, and online information. RESULTS The expert panel awarded the following grades: Overall Physical Activity: D; Organized Sport Participation and Physical Activity: C-; Active Play: INC; Active Transportation: C-; Sedentary Behaviors: D-; Family and Peers: D-; Physical Fitness: D; School: B-; Community and the Built Environment: F; Government: C. CONCLUSIONS This 2020 edition of France's Report Card again highlights the alarming levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among French children and adolescents, calling for the development of effective national action. It also draws attention to the particular deleterious effects of the COVID-19 confinement on youth's movement behaviors, which significantly worsened the situation.
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Falese L, Federico B, Kunst AE, Perelman J, Richter M, Rimpelä A, Lorant V. The association between socioeconomic position and vigorous physical activity among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in six European cities. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:866. [PMID: 33952232 PMCID: PMC8097935 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and adolescent physical activity is uncertain, as most evidence is limited to specific settings and a restricted number of SEP indicators. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of socioeconomic differences in adolescent vigorous physical activity (VPA) across various European countries using a wide range of SEP indicators, including family-based (education, family affluence, perceived social standing, parents’ employment, housing tenure) and adolescent-based (academic performance and pocket money) ones. Methods We used data from a survey among 10,510 students aged 14–17 from 50 schools in six European cities: Namur (BE), Tampere (FI), Hannover (DE), Latina (IT), Amersfoort (NL), Coimbra (PT). The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics and the amount of time spent in VPA. Results The mean time spent practicing VPA was 60.4 min per day, with lower values for Namur (BE) and Latina (IT), and higher values for Amersfoort (NL). In the multivariable analysis, both categories of SEP indicators (family-based and adolescent based indicators) were independently associated with VPA. For each SEP indicator, lower levels of VPA were recorded in lower socioeconomic groups. In the total sample, each additional category of low SEP was associated with a decrease in mean VPA of about 4 min per day. Conclusions This study showed that across European cities adolescent VPA is positively related to both family-based SEP and adolescents’ own SEP. When analysing socioeconomic differences in adolescent VPA, one should consider the use of multiple indicators of SEP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10791-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Falese
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via S. Angelo (Folcara), 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - B Federico
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via S. Angelo (Folcara), 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - A E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Perelman
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Rimpelä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Nokia, Finland
| | - V Lorant
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Melguizo-Ibáñez E, Viciana-Garófano V, Zurita-Ortega F, Ubago-Jiménez JL, González-Valero G. Physical Activity Level, Mediterranean Diet Adherence, and Emotional Intelligence as a Function of Family Functioning in Elementary School Students. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 8:6. [PMID: 33374312 PMCID: PMC7823491 DOI: 10.3390/children8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Family is considered as one of the most important elements for the transmission of healthy habits that improve the lives of students. For this reason, the present study aims to describe the degree of family functionality, emotional intelligence, Mediterranean diet adherence, and extra-curricular physical activity engagement. A further aim is to perform a correlational analysis between these variables. (2) Methods: To this end, an ad hoc questionnaire was used, alongside the APGAR, KIDMED, and Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24). (3) Results: Finally, the data suggest that a high percentage of students need to improve their diet. Further, students reporting severe family dysfunction showed worse outcomes. Thus, levels of emotional clarity were lower when family functionality was poor. Poor diet quality was also associated with lower emotional attention, with Mediterranean diet adherence being positively related to emotional clarity and repair, as well as normal family functionality. (4) Conclusions: Boys showed higher levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet adherence, while girls reported higher family functionality. Thus, compliance with the minimum recommendations for physical activity engagement was associated with adequate adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The importance of diet for obtaining an optimal physical condition, adequate emotional state, and family functionality is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Luis Ubago-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (V.V.-G.); (F.Z.-O.); (G.G.-V.)
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Myhr A, Anthun KS, Lillefjell M, Sund ER. Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Norwegian Adolescents' Mental Health From 2014 to 2018: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1472. [PMID: 32733331 PMCID: PMC7358281 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents’ mental health, and its consistent relationship with their socioeconomic background, is a concern that should drive education, health, and employment policies. However, information about this relationship on a national scale is limited. We explore national overall trends and investigate possible socioeconomic disparities in adolescents’ mental health, including psychological distress and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness in Norway during the period 2014–2018. Methods The present study builds on data retrieved from five waves of the national cross-sectional Ungdata survey (2014–2018). In total 136,525 upper secondary school students (52% girls) completed the questionnaire during the study period. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities were assessed using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII). Results The prevalence of students with moderate to high symptoms score and mean symptoms scores of psychological distress (in terms of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness) increased among girls and boys during 2014–2018, with girls showing higher rates. Our results suggest distinct, but stable, inequalities between socioeconomic groups, both in absolute and relative terms, among girls and boys during the study period. Conclusion Rising rates of adolescents’ psychological distress, particularly among girls, may have long-term consequences for individuals involved and the society as a whole. Future studies should investigate the causes of these results. We did not find evidence of any change in inequalities in adolescents’ mental health between socioeconomic groups, suggesting current strategies are not sufficiently addressing mental health inequalities in the adolescent population and therefore a significant need for research and public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnhild Myhr
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Trøndelag R&D Institute, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Kirsti S Anthun
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monica Lillefjell
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.,Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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Omorou AY, Manneville F, Langlois J, Legrand K, Böhme P, Muller L, Guillemin F, Briançon S, Lecomte E. Physical activity rather than sedentary behaviour is socially determined in French adolescents with overweight and obesity. Prev Med 2020; 134:106043. [PMID: 32097754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Social differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents, known as the weight social gradient, could be explained by differences in behaviours between social classes. This study examined the respective association of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and weight status with adolescents' socioeconomic status. We used cross-sectional data for 1935 adolescents (13-18 years old) with overweight or obesity who participated in the PRALIMAP-INÉS (PRomotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique - INÉgalités de Santé) trial conducted in northeastern France between 2012 and 2015. Adolescents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for PA and SB and the Family Affluence Scale for socioeconomic status. Weight status was assessed by the body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score. Social gradient of weight status, PA and SB were described according to the Family Affluence Scale (slopes) and evidenced by the linear trend test (p). Adolescents' socioeconomic status was positively associated with PA practice (frequency, vigorous PA and leisure-time PA), but there was no association with their SB. The results confirmed a significant weight social gradient: BMI (β = 0.37, p < .0001) and BMI z-score (β = 0.07, p = .0001). The weight social gradient in adolescents was mostly associated with PA (5.7% to 8.1%) rather than SB (2.7% to 5.7%). Nearly 14% of BMI z-scores could be related to a combined PA and SB effect. PA was found an important factor of weight social gradient in adolescence. Actions aimed at preventing weight social inequalities among adolescents could include PA promotion as lever. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY AND NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01688453).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Y Omorou
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC, Clinical Epidemiology, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Johanne Langlois
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France; National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Karine Legrand
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC, Clinical Epidemiology, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Philip Böhme
- Department of diabetology, metabolic diseases and nutrition, Nancy University Hospital, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Francis Guillemin
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC, Clinical Epidemiology, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Serge Briançon
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC, Clinical Epidemiology, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Edith Lecomte
- National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), F-54000 Nancy, France
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Briançon S, Legrand K, Muller L, Langlois J, Saez L, Spitz E, Quinet MH, Böhme P, Lecomte E, Omorou AY. Effectiveness of a socially adapted intervention in reducing social inequalities in adolescence weight. The PRALIMAP-INÈS school-based mixed trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:895-907. [PMID: 31969652 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of overweight/obesity among low socioeconomic status adolescents contributes to health inequalities. However, evidence-based interventions for reducing social inequalities in adolescent weight are lacking. We aimed to investigate whether strengthened care management for adolescents with low socioeconomic status has an equivalent effect in reducing overweight as standard care management in adolescents with high status. METHODS PRALIMAP-INÈS was a multicentre trial including 35 state-run high and middle schools in the north-eastern France. A population-based sample of 1639 adolescents aged 13-18 years with screened and clinically confirmed overweight/obesity were proposed for inclusion and divided into two groups by the Family Affluence Scale score: advantaged (score > 5), receiving standard care management (A.S) and less-advantaged randomly assigned to two groups (1:2 ratio): standard care management (LA.S) and standard and strengthened care management (LA.S.S). Interventions were based on the proportionate universalism principle: universal standard care for all groups and proportionate care for the LA.S.S group. Main outcome was body mass index z-score (BMIz) assessed before and 1 year after inclusion. RESULTS A total of 1419 adolescents were included and 1143 followed up at 1 year: 649 in A.S, 158 in LA.S and 336 in LA.S.S groups. BMIz decreased significantly for boys (-0.11 [95% CI, -0.13 to -0.08]; p < 0.0001) and girls (-0.05 [-0.08 to -0.03]; p < 0.0001). No equivalence between LA.S.S and A.S groups was evidenced. For girls, the trend to superiority for LA.S.S was confirmed by the more favourable change (-0.06 [-0.11 to -0.01]; p = 0.01) observed on superiority analysis, with no differential change for boys (0.02 [-0.03 to 0.08]; p = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS A public health school-based intervention using the proportionate universalism principle may be effective in not worsening or even reducing overweight social inequalities in adolescents, especially for girls. Overcoming social barriers may help health professionals dealing with the burden and inequalities of overweight in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Briançon
- University of Lorraine, EA 4360 APEMAC, Nancy Metz, France.
| | - Karine Legrand
- University of Lorraine, EA 4360 APEMAC, Nancy Metz, France.,CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC-1433 Clinical Epidemiology, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- University of Lorraine, EA 4360 APEMAC, Nancy Metz, France
| | | | - Laura Saez
- University of Lorraine, EA 4360 APEMAC, Nancy Metz, France
| | | | | | - Philip Böhme
- Department of endocrinology, diabetology and nutrition, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Edith Lecomte
- National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Nancy, France
| | - Abdou Y Omorou
- University of Lorraine, EA 4360 APEMAC, Nancy Metz, France.,CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC-1433 Clinical Epidemiology, Nancy, France
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Saez L, Legrand K, Alleyrat C, Ramisasoa S, Langlois J, Muller L, Omorou AY, De Lavenne R, Kivits J, Lecomte E, Briançon S. Using facilitator-receiver peer dyads matched according to socioeconomic status to promote behaviour change in overweight adolescents: a feasibility study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019731. [PMID: 29934380 PMCID: PMC6020946 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of an innovative peer intervention promoting healthy eating and physical activity, which purposefully selected peer facilitators according to socioeconomic status to target less-advantaged overweight receivers. SETTING Nine high schools, two middle schools. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and fifty-six adolescents were approached to become facilitators, of whom 18 were trained. Thirty-two of 56 potential receivers agreed to participate. INTERVENTION The peer intervention was carried out in 2013-2014 and embedded in a larger trial: PRALIMAP-INÈS (Promotion de l'ALIMentation et l'Activité Physique-INEgalité de Santé). Facilitanoators were selected and trained to organise weight-control activities with specific peer receivers participating in the programme. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Different types of data were collected to assess demand, acceptability, implementation and practicality of the intervention. For the facilitators, this included 6 training sessions, 11 mid-programme interviews, 4 end-of-programme sessions, telephone notes and text message exchanges. All six potential receivers in one school were also interviewed. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were also analysed. RESULTS Agreeing to participate was more likely when asked by a peer compared with a professional (51.2% discordant pairs; p<0.02). Twelve activities, mostly based on physical activity and implemented during weekends or holidays, were carried out. The mean age of active receivers was 16 and their body mass index was higher than other participants. For both facilitators and active receivers, there were more participating girls. Qualitative analysis reveals key implementation challenges for facilitators. Interviews with the receivers highlight social difficulties, with most feeling bad about their appearance and wanting to lose weight. Those who participated in peer activities were very positive about the experience especially social support. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests the peer intervention is feasible provided organisational difficulties are addressed. Good practice recommendations are formulated, including a longer training session, organising a joint meeting with the facilitators and receivers, matching dyads on place of residence and multiplying modes of contact. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01688453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saez
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC EA 4360, Nancy, France
| | - Karine Legrand
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC EA 4360, Nancy, France
- INSERM, CIC-1433, CHRU Nancy, F-54 000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Johanne Langlois
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC EA 4360, Nancy, France
- National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nancy, France
| | | | - Abdou Yacoubou Omorou
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC EA 4360, Nancy, France
- INSERM, CIC-1433, CHRU Nancy, F-54 000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Joëlle Kivits
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC EA 4360, Nancy, France
| | - Edith Lecomte
- National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Nancy, France
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Akkoyun-Farinez J, Omorou AY, Langlois J, Spitz E, Böhme P, Quinet MH, Saez L, Muller L, Lecomte E, Legrand K, Briançon S, Briançon S, De Lavenne R, Gailliard C, Langlois J, Lecomte E, Legrand K, Muller L, Omorou AY, Pourcher C, Quinet MH, Saez L, Spitz E, Toussaint B. Measuring adolescents’ weight socioeconomic gradient using parental socioeconomic position. Eur J Public Health 2018; 28:1097-1102. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdou Y Omorou
- Université de Lorraine, EA4360 APEMAC, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC-1433 Epidémiologie Clinique, Nancy, France
| | - Johanne Langlois
- Université de Lorraine, EA4360 APEMAC, Nancy, France
- National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Nancy, France
| | | | - Philip Böhme
- Université de Lorraine, EA4360 APEMAC, Nancy, France
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | | | - Laura Saez
- Université de Lorraine, EA4360 APEMAC, Nancy, France
| | | | - Edith Lecomte
- National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Nancy, France
| | - Karine Legrand
- Université de Lorraine, EA4360 APEMAC, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC-1433 Epidémiologie Clinique, Nancy, France
| | - Serge Briançon
- Université de Lorraine, EA4360 APEMAC, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC-1433 Epidémiologie Clinique, Nancy, France
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