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Eremin A, Sergeev A, Kopylov A, Rodin V, Malyshev D, Panova T, Polyakov I, Zvereva M. Long-read sequencing reveals absence of 5mC in Ogataea parapolymorpha DL-1 genome and introduces telomere-to-telomere assembly. Front Genet 2025; 16:1574332. [PMID: 40417237 PMCID: PMC12098377 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1574332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Ogataea parapolymorpha DL-1 is a versatile thermotolerant organism with numerous applications in biotechnology, particularly in the production of recombinant proteins and the study of methanol metabolism and peroxisome functions. This study presents a comprehensive genome and methylome analysis of Ogataea parapolymorpha DL-1 using long-read sequencing technology. The research builds upon previous short-read sequencing efforts, revealing enhancements in genome assembly and epigenomic insights. Methods We used long-read sequencing technology to achieve a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly of Ogataea parapolymorpha DL-1. High-quality reads were obtained and assembled de novo, followed by polishing to enhance accuracy. The genome was analyzed to identify coding genes, telomeric motifs, rRNA genes, and methylation patterns, including the detection of 5mC and 6 mA modifications. Epigenetic features were further assessed and validated through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Key findings include the absence of 5 mC DNA modification and the presence of 6 mA in the genome, unusual telomere regulation mechanism based on the addition of non-telomeric dT and the introduction of long-read enhanced telomere-to-telomere assembly. Conclusion This work provides deeper insights into the yeast's genome organization and methylation patterns, contributing to the understanding of its genetics and therefore potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Sergeev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arthur Kopylov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Xie L, Yu W, Gao J, Wang H, Zhou YJ. Ogataea polymorpha as a next-generation chassis for industrial biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:1363-1378. [PMID: 38622041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha is a nonconventional yeast with some unique characteristics, including fast growth, thermostability, and broad substrate spectrum. Other than common applications for protein production, O. polymorpha is attracting interest for chemical and protein production from methanol; a promising feedstock for the next-generation biomanufacturing due to its abundant sources and excellent characteristics. Benefiting from the development of synthetic biology, it has been engineered to produce value-added chemicals by extensively rewiring cellular metabolism. This Review discusses recently developed synthetic biology tools of O. polymorpha. The advances of chemicals production and systems biology were reviewed comprehensively. Finally, we look ahead to the developments of biomanufacturing in O. polymorpha to make an overall understanding of this chassis for academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Xie
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiaoqi Gao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongjin J Zhou
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
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Sasikumar R, Saranya S, Lourdu Lincy L, Thamanna L, Chellapandi P. Genomic insights into fish pathogenic bacteria: A systems biology perspective for sustainable aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:109978. [PMID: 39442738 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Fish diseases significantly challenge global aquaculture, causing substantial financial losses and impacting sustainability, trade, and socioeconomic conditions. Understanding microbial pathogenesis and virulence at the molecular level is crucial for disease prevention in commercial fish. This review provides genomic insights into fish pathogenic bacteria from a systems biology perspective, aiming to promote sustainable aquaculture. It covers the genomic characteristics of various fish pathogens and their industry impact. The review also explores the systems biology of zebrafish, fish bacterial pathogens, and probiotic bacteria, offering insights into fish production, potential vaccines, and therapeutic drugs. Genome-scale metabolic models aid in studying pathogenic bacteria, contributing to disease management and antimicrobial development. Researchers have also investigated probiotic strains to improve aquaculture health. Additionally, the review highlights bioinformatics resources for fish and fish pathogens, which are essential for researchers. Systems biology approaches enhance understanding of bacterial fish pathogens by revealing virulence factors and host interactions. Despite challenges from the adaptability and pathogenicity of bacterial infections, sustainable alternatives are necessary to meet seafood demand. This review underscores the potential of systems biology in understanding fish pathogen biology, improving production, and promoting sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sasikumar
- Industrial Systems Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Saranya
- Industrial Systems Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Lourdu Lincy
- Industrial Systems Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Thamanna
- Industrial Systems Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Chellapandi
- Industrial Systems Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang C, Sánchez BJ, Li F, Eiden CWQ, Scott WT, Liebal UW, Blank LM, Mengers HG, Anton M, Rangel AT, Mendoza SN, Zhang L, Nielsen J, Lu H, Kerkhoven EJ. Yeast9: a consensus genome-scale metabolic model for S. cerevisiae curated by the community. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:1134-1150. [PMID: 39134886 PMCID: PMC11450192 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can facilitate metabolism-focused multi-omics integrative analysis. Since Yeast8, the yeast-GEM of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, published in 2019, has been continuously updated by the community. This has increased the quality and scope of the model, culminating now in Yeast9. To evaluate its predictive performance, we generated 163 condition-specific GEMs constrained by single-cell transcriptomics from osmotic pressure or reference conditions. Comparative flux analysis showed that yeast adapting to high osmotic pressure benefits from upregulating fluxes through central carbon metabolism. Furthermore, combining Yeast9 with proteomics revealed metabolic rewiring underlying its preference for nitrogen sources. Lastly, we created strain-specific GEMs (ssGEMs) constrained by transcriptomics for 1229 mutant strains. Well able to predict the strains' growth rates, fluxomics from those large-scale ssGEMs outperformed transcriptomics in predicting functional categories for all studied genes in machine learning models. Based on those findings we anticipate that Yeast9 will continue to empower systems biology studies of yeast metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamín J Sánchez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Feiran Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Wei Quan Eiden
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - William T Scott
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulf W Liebal
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hendrik G Mengers
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihail Anton
- Department of Life Sciences, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE412 58, Sweden
| | - Albert Tafur Rangel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE412 96, Sweden
| | - Sebastián N Mendoza
- Center for Mathematical Modeling, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Systems Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE412 96, Sweden
- BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hongzhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Eduard J Kerkhoven
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
- Department of Life Sciences, SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE412 96, Sweden.
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Wefelmeier K, Schmitz S, Kösters BJ, Liebal UW, Blank LM. Methanol bioconversion into C3, C4, and C5 platform chemicals by the yeast Ogataea polymorpha. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:8. [PMID: 38172830 PMCID: PMC10763331 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One carbon (C1) molecules such as methanol have the potential to become sustainable feedstocks for biotechnological processes, as they can be derived from CO2 and green hydrogen, without the need for arable land. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea polymorpha as a potential production organism for platform chemicals derived from methanol. We selected acetone, malate, and isoprene as industrially relevant products to demonstrate the production of compounds with 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms, respectively. RESULTS We successfully engineered O. polymorpha for the production of all three molecules and demonstrated their production using methanol as carbon source. We showed that the metabolism of O. polymorpha is well suited to produce malate as a product and demonstrated that the introduction of an efficient malate transporter is essential for malate production from methanol. Through optimization of the cultivation conditions in shake flasks, which included pH regulation and constant substrate feeding, we were able to achieve a maximum titer of 13 g/L malate with a production rate of 3.3 g/L/d using methanol as carbon source. We further demonstrated the production of acetone and isoprene as additional heterologous products in O. polymorpha, with maximum titers of 13.6 mg/L and 4.4 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings highlight how O. polymorpha has the potential to be applied as a versatile cell factory and contribute to the limited knowledge on how methylotrophic yeasts can be used for the production of low molecular weight biochemicals from methanol. Thus, this study can serve as a point of reference for future metabolic engineering in O. polymorpha and process optimization efforts to boost the production of platform chemicals from renewable C1 carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wefelmeier
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone Schmitz
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Jonas Kösters
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Winfried Liebal
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Han Y, Tafur Rangel A, Pomraning KR, Kerkhoven EJ, Kim J. Advances in genome-scale metabolic models of industrially important fungi. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 84:103005. [PMID: 37797483 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Many fungal species have been used industrially for production of biofuels and bioproducts. Developing strains with better performance in biomanufacturing contexts requires a systematic understanding of cellular metabolism. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) offer a comprehensive view of interconnected pathways and a mathematical framework for downstream analysis. Recently, GEMs have been developed or updated for several industrially important fungi. Some of them incorporate enzyme constraints, enabling improved predictions of cell states and proteome allocation. Here, we provide an overview of these newly developed GEMs and computational methods that facilitate construction of enzyme-constrained GEMs and utilize flux predictions from GEMs. Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal roles of these GEMs in iterative design-build-test-learn cycles, ultimately advancing the field of fungal biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Han
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Albert Tafur Rangel
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kyle R Pomraning
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Eduard J Kerkhoven
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joonhoon Kim
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA.
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Lv X, Yu W, Zhang C, Ning P, Li J, Liu Y, Du G, Liu L. C1-based biomanufacturing: Advances, challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128259. [PMID: 36347475 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One-carbon (C1) compounds have emerged as a key research focus due to the growth of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology as affordable and sustainable nonfood sugar feedstocks for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly biomanufacturing. This paper summarizes and discusses current developments in C1 compounds for biomanufacturing. First, two primary groups of microbes that use C1 compounds (native and synthetic) are introduced, and the traits, categorization, and functions of C1 microbes are summarized. Second, engineering strategies for C1 utilization are compiled and reviewed, including reconstruction of C1-utilization pathway, enzyme engineering, cofactor engineering, genome-scale modeling, and adaptive laboratory evolution. Third, a review of C1 compounds' uses in the synthesis of biofuels and high-value compounds is presented. Finally, potential obstacles to C1-based biomanufacturing are highlighted along with future research initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Baima Future Foods Research Institute, Nanjing 211225, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peng Ning
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Lu T, Yang Y, Feng WJ, Jin QC, Wu ZG, Jin ZH. Effect of the compound bacterial agent on microbial community of the aerobic compost of food waste. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:32-43. [PMID: 34608649 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we used 16SrRNA and ITS to investigate the microbial community composition and the effect of compound bacterial agent on the microbial community composition in the aerobic composting process of food waste (FW). At the bacterial level, the main phyla of Group A (compost naturally) were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and the main species were Pseudomonas_sp._GR7, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici. The main phyla of Group B (compost with compound bacterial agent) were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Streptophyta, and the main species were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Cronobacter sakazakii, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii and Bacillus velezensis. It is worth noting that M. caseolyticus may be able to improve the effect of odour which is an important sensory index during aerobic composting. At the fungal level, the main phylum of both Groups A and B was Ascomycota, and the main species of Group A were Paecilomyces variotii, Byssochlamys spectabilis and Aspergillus fumigatus. The main species of Group B were Ogataea polymorpha and Millerozyma farinosa. Finally, the degradation rate of Group B was 81% that was about 15% higher than that of Group A, indicating that the compound bacterial agent could effectively improve the degradation rate and the composting process, while the low abundance of the compound bacterial agent in the composting process might be due to the small initial addition or the inhibition of other bacteria or fungi in the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - W J Feng
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Q C Jin
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Z G Wu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Z H Jin
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
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