The dental perspective on osteogenesis imperfecta in a Danish adult population

Prevalence and root canal morphology of taurodontism analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in Northern China

BACKGROUND

To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of taurodontism in northern China by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and assisting the treatment.

METHODS

The study involved CBCT scans of 8112 teeth from 507 participants of northern China, comprising 217 males and 290 females aged 18 to 60. Analysis was conducted using Shifman and Chanannel's criteria to assess the prevalence and attributes of taurodontism, examining differences based on tooth position (maxilla and mandible) as well as gender (P < 0.05). Specific morphology including C-shaped canal was recorded. The curvature of the canals was measured using a modified Schneider method. Moreover, we reported two failure cases with taurodontism referred to a retreatment.

RESULTS

Taurodontism was observed in 113 participants, affecting 23.50% of the males and 21.38% of the females in at least one tooth (P > 0.05). The prevalence was significant higher in maxilla (P < 0.05). The highest incidence of taurodontism was detected in premolars, 9.86% in the maxillary first premolars, and in molars, with 3.94% in the maxillary first molars. Regarding canal curvature, a higher incidence of curved canal could be found in maxillary and mandibular molars of taurodontism (47.50-66.67%), alongside an elevated prevalence of C-shaped taurodontism in mandibular second molars (71.43%). After follow-up, the healing response was satisfactory in both cases.

CONCLUSION

The study highlighted a higher incidence of taurodontism in maxilla, indicating a significant association between taurodontism, C-shaped characteristics, and canal curvature. Dentists are advised to carefully consider the presence of special morphologies during taurodontism treatment.

Dental Abnormalities in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Systematic Review

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by fragile bones and skeletal deformities. Individuals with OI may have dental abnormalities such as dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) type I, malocclusions, and unerupted or missing teeth. This review comprehensively examines these dental abnormalities to assess their prevalence among the OI population and explore potential differences across different clinical types of OI and pathogenic variants. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted that included articles up to June 2024. Out of 672 articles screened, 34 were included. The included studies confirmed that dental abnormalities are prevalent in OI, with DI prevalence ranging from approximately 20 to 48%. Those with a more severe skeletal phenotype (OI type III/IV) exhibited more dental abnormalities than those with a milder skeletal phenotype (OI type I). Notably, OI type V individuals generally do not have DI, although a few isolated cases have been reported. The prevalence of occlusion types varied: Class I occlusion ranged from 14.8 to 50% and Class II malocclusion ranged from 0 to 37.5%, while Class III malocclusion from 4.1 to 84%. This differs from the general population, where Class III malocclusion is typically the least common. Open bites, cross-bites, and unerupted and missing teeth are also commonly reported, particularly in OI types III and IV. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive dental examinations in OI due to the high prevalence of dental abnormalities. Additionally, the review draws attention to the lack of clear guidelines for diagnosing DI.

A standard set of outcome measures for the comprehensive assessment of oral health and occlusion in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta

BACKGROUND

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of inherited connective tissue disorders of varying severity characterized by bone fragility. The primary objective of this international multidisciplinary collaboration initiative was to reach a consensus for a standardized set of clinician and patient-reported outcome measures, as well as associated measuring instruments for dental care of individuals with OI, based on the aspects considered important by both experts and patients. This project is a subsequent to the Key4OI project initiated by the Care4BrittleBones foundation which aims to develop a standard set of outcome measures covering a large domain of factors affecting quality of life for people with OI. An international team of experts comprising orthodontists, pediatric dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and prosthetic dentists used a modified Delphi consensus process to select clinician-reported outcome measures (CROMs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate oral health in individuals with OI. Important domains were identified through a literature review and by professional expertise (both CROMs and PROMs). In three focus groups of individuals with OI, important and relevant issues regarding dental health were identified. The input from the focus groups was used as the basis for the final set of outcome measures: the selected issues were attributed to relevant CROMs and, when appropriate, matched with validated questionnaires to establish the final PROMs which represented best the specific oral health-related concerns of individuals with OI.

RESULTS

Consensus was reached on selected CROMs and PROMs for a standard set of outcome measures and measuring instruments of oral health in individuals with OI.

CONCLUSIONS

Our project resulted in consensus statements for standardization oral health PROMs and CROMs in individuals with OI. This outcome set can improve the standard of care by incorporating recommendations of professionals involved in dental care of individuals with OI. Further, it can facilitate research and international research co-operation. In addition, the significant contribution of the focus groups highlights the relevance of dental and oral health-related problems of individuals with OI.

Orofacial Features, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, and Exposure to Bullying in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disease that is responsible for bone fragility, but also for dental malocclusions and dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI). The aim of this study was to assess whether the severity of dental malocclusion influenced the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and exposure to bullying in a paediatric OI population compared with a control group.

METHODS

Dental and occlusal characteristics were noted during oral and radiographic examination. The severity of malocclusion was assessed using the PAR index. P-CPQ, COHIP(34), and BCS-A questionnaires were used to evaluate, respectively, externally and self-perceived OHRQoL and bullying.

RESULTS

We included 39 patients with a mean age of 11.3 (±4.8 SD) in the OI group, and 45 patients with a mean age of 12.3 (±3.2 SD) in the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of occlusal vertical and transverse dimensions. Patients with severe OI, presenting with bone fractures, bones deformities, and short stature, had significantly more anterior (p < 0.05) and posterior openbites (p < 0.05) and more DI (p < 0.05) compared to patients who had moderate or mild OI. Self-perceived OHRQoL was negatively impacted by the disease (p = 0.01), particularly in the domains of oral health (p < 0.05) and self-image (p < 0.001), but not by its severity. Exposure to bullying did not differ significantly between the two groups, although more patients with OI reported being teased (21.4% face to face and 7.1% online vs. 14.6% and 2.4% in the control group).

CONCLUSION

Interventions for dental malocclusion and oral health in OI patients would help to improve their quality of life and self-image.

The impact of osteogenesis imperfecta severity on oral health-related quality of life in Spain: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) affects dental and craniofacial development; therefore, it can influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The objective of this study was to explore the influence of the severity of OI on OHRQoL in adults older than eighteen years residing in Spain.

METHOD

Adults with OI were recruited from the Spanish Association of Crystal Bone (AHUCE) foundation. OHRQoL was evaluated using the Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14sp), oral hygiene habits, and a dental care survey. Clinical and radiological dental examinations were performed to evaluate the patients' oral conditions.

RESULTS

A total of 65 adults (n = 46 females) aged between nineteen and sixty-two years who were diagnosed with OI and classified as type I, III, and IV (n = 20, 14, and 31, respectively) participated in this research. The total OHIP-14sp scores were significantly greater (worse) for type III (23 [SD = 10]) and type IV (21.4 [SD = 12]) than for type I (13.8 [SD = 6]) (P < 0.05). The negative impact of OHRQoL was due to the association of type III OI with all domains except for the handicap domain, while type IV OI was associated with the physical disability, social disability, and handicap domains (P < 0.05 for all).

CONCLUSION

The severity of OI negatively impacted OHRQoL in adults. This association was statistically significant.

Short-term effects of Mediterranean diet on nutritional status in adults affected by Osteogenesis Imperfecta: a pilot study

BACKGROUND

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders, characterized by varying degrees of skeletal fragility. Patients experience a range of comorbidities, such as obesity, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal complications, especially in adulthood. All aspects that could benefit from dietary intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 6-months restricted Mediterranean Diet (rMD) on nutritional status in adult patients affected by OI. We carried out a 6-months longitudinal pilot study. 14 adults (median age: 35 years; 7 women; 7 OI type III) where recruited in 2019 among the members of As.It.O.I., the Italian Association of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. As.It.O.I. All the evaluations were performed at the University of Milan, Italy. The rMD provided a reduction of 30% from daily total energy expenditure. 45% of calories derived from carbohydrates, 35% from fat and 0.7-1.0 g/kg of body weight from proteins. Comparisons of continuous variables after 6 months of intervention were performed by the paired t-test. All P-values were two-tailed, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

Patients showed significant improvement in anthropometric measurements (BMI = 30.5 vs 28.1 kg/cm2, p < 0.001; Body Fat % = 32.9 vs 29.9, p = 0.006; Waist circumferences = 83.6 vs 79.6 cm; p < 0.001; Arm Fat Area = 29.8 vs 23.07 cm2; p < 0.011) and energy expenditure (REE/kg = 27.2 vs 29.2 kcal/kg, p < 0.001). Glucose and lipid profiles improved (Δglycemia = - 8.6 ± 7.3 mg/dL, p = 0.003; ΔTC = - 14.6 ± 20.1 mg/dL, p = 0.036; ΔLDL = - 12.0 ± 12.1 mg/dL, p = 0.009). Adherence to the MD significantly increased, moving from a moderate to a strong adherence and reporting an increased consumption of white meat, legumes, fish, nuts, fruits and vegetables.

CONCLUSION

A rMD was effective in improving nutritional status and dietary quality in adults with OI. These results underscores the need to raise awareness of nutrition as part of the multidisciplinary treatment of this disease.

Dental anomalies in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and comparative studies

BACKGROUND

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder primarily caused by mutations in the genes involved in the production of type 1 collagen. OI is also known as brittle bone disease.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe the prevalence of dental anomalies (except dentinogenesis imperfecta) in individuals with OI, and compare the prevalence of dental anomalies between individuals with and without OI and between individuals with different types of OI.

SEARCH METHODS

Searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, and gray literature were performed in October 2022.

SELECTION CRITERIA

Observational studies (with or without a comparison group) that evaluated the prevalence of dental anomalies in individuals with OI. Data collection and analysis: Data items were extracted by two authors. Quality assessment employing the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and meta-analyses was conducted. Results were provided in prevalence values and odds ratio (OR) / 95% confidence interval (CI). Strength of evidence was determined.

RESULTS

Eighteen studies were included. Most prevalent dental anomalies in individuals with OI included pulp obliteration (46.4%), dental impaction (33.5%), dental impaction of second molars (27%), and tooth agenesis (23.9%). Individuals with OI type III/IV had 20.16-fold greater chance of exhibiting tooth discoloration in comparison with individuals with OI type I (CI: 1.10-370.98). In comparison with the group without OI, the individuals with OI had 6.90-fold greater chance of exhibiting dental impaction (CI: 1.54-31.00). High methodological quality was found in 47% of the studies. Strength of evidence was low or very low.

CONCLUSIONS

Pulp obliteration, dental impaction, and tooth agenesis were the most prevalent dental anomalies in the OI group. Individuals with OI were more likely to have dental impaction than individuals without OI. Individuals with OI type III/IV (severe-moderate) are more likely to have tooth discoloration than individuals with OI type I (mild).

The patient clinical journey and socioeconomic impact of osteogenesis imperfecta: a systematic scoping review

BACKGROUND

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heritable connective tissue disorder primarily characterised by skeletal deformity and fragility, and an array of secondary features. The purpose of this review was to capture and quantify the published evidence relating specifically to the clinical, humanistic, and economic impact of OI on individuals, their families, and wider society.

METHODS

A systematic scoping review of 11 databases (MEDLINE, MEDLINE in-progress, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, NHS EED, CEA Registry, PEDE, ScHARRHUd, Orphanet and Google Scholar), supplemented by hand searches of grey literature, was conducted to identify OI literature published 1st January 1995-18th December 2021. Searches were restricted to English language but without geographical limitations. The quality of included records was assessed using the AGREE II checklist and an adapted version of the JBI cross-sectional study checklist.

RESULTS

Of the identified 7,850 records, 271 records of 245 unique studies met the inclusion criteria; overall, 168 included records examined clinical aspects of OI, 67 provided humanistic data, 6 reported on the economic impact of OI, and 30 provided data on mixed outcomes. Bone conditions, anthropometric measurements, oral conditions, diagnostic techniques, use of pharmacotherapy, and physical functioning of adults and children with OI were well described. However, few records included current care practice, diagnosis and monitoring, interactions with the healthcare system, or transition of care across life stages. Limited data on wider health concerns beyond bone health, how these concerns may impact health-related quality of life, in particular that of adult men and other family members, were identified. Few records described fatigue in children or adults. Markedly few records provided data on the socioeconomic impact of OI on patients and their caregivers, and associated costs to healthcare systems, and wider society. Most included records had qualitative limitations.

CONCLUSION

Despite the rarity of OI, the volume of recently published literature highlights the breadth of interest in the OI field from the research community. However, significant data gaps describing the experience of OI for individuals, their families, and wider society warrant further research to capture and quantify the full impact of OI.

Dental Implants in Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Clinical and Radiographic Outcome in Six Patients

PURPOSE

To investigate the survival rate of dental implants in patients diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study is a retrospective analysis of six individuals (2 males, 4 females) with OI (type I, III and IV) with a total of 25 dental implants. Clinical examination included plaque index, gingival index, periodontal pocket depth for each implant, presence of pus, and loosening of the implant(s). Marginal bone loss was measured on radiographs. The observation period ranged from 2-17 years (mean:7.5 years, median: 5 years).

RESULTS

The overall implant survival rate was 80%. One patient with OI type III lost five implants. However, four out of five lost implants functioned for 11 years.

CONCLUSION

Dental implant treatment seems to be a valid option for replacing missing teeth in OI patients. It is recommended that patients diagnosed with OI undergo the same preoperative evaluation as regular dental implant patients with special emphasis on a healthy periodontal status and ideal oral hygiene.

Craniofacial morphology in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta – a cross‐sectional study

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to compare the craniofacial and neurocranial morphology of adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with controls and to elucidate whether osseous origin impacts on morphological deviations in OI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifty-four adults (mean age 45.8) with OI type I, 14 adults (mean age 42.6) with OI types III/IV and 49 adult controls (mean age 41.0) were included. All participants had European ethnicity. Cranial morphology was assessed by 2D-cephalometry. Comparison between groups was made by multiple regression analyses.

RESULTS

Comparison between OI groups and controls: (1) Dimension of the maxilla and mandible, respectively was reduced (P < .01), and in relation to the posterior cranial base, the maxilla was retro-positioned (P < .001), and the mandible was prognathic (P < .001). (2) The anterior face height was reduced (P < .04), and in OI types III/IV only, the maxilla was posteriorly inclined (P < .001). (3) Anterior cranial base (P < .001) and the dimension sella-frontale (P < .02) were short. (4) The sagittal dimension of the posterior cranial fossa was increased (P < .01), and the vertical dimension was reduced (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

Adults with OI had a hypoplastic, retro-positioned and posteriorly inclined maxilla, a hypoplastic and forward-positioned mandible, and a reduced anterior face height. Deviations were seen in morphology of the posterior cranial fossa. The impact of OI on cranial morphology was generally more evident in OI type III/IV than in OI type I. OI impacts on osseous cranial structures irrespective of bony origin being intramembranous or endochondral.

Evaluation of the Severity of Malocclusion in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Occlusion is the way in which the dental arches are related to each other and depends on craniofacial growth and development. It is affected in patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) who present altered craniofacial development. The malocclusion present in 49 patients diagnosed with different types of OI aged between 4 and 18 was studied. The control group of healthy people was matched for age, sex, and molar class. To study the mixed and permanent dentition, the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) discrepancy Index was applied. The primary dentition was evaluated with a Temporary Dentition Occlusion Analysis proposed for this study. The OI group obtained higher scores in the Discrepancy Index than the control group, indicating a high difficulty of treatment. The most significant differences were found in types III and IV of the disease. Regarding the variables studied, the greatest differences were found in the presence of lateral open bite in patients with OI, and in the variable "others" (agenesis and ectopic eruption). The analysis of primary dentition did not show significant differences between the OI and control groups. Patients with OI have more severe malocclusions than their healthy peers. Malocclusion is related to the severity of the disease and may progress with age.

Dental phenotype in an adolescent with osteogenesis imperfecta type XII

Mutation in SP7, encoding the osteoblast-specific transcription factor SP7 (also known as osterix), has been described to cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type XII. However, the exact dental phenotype has not been well described. We report the detailed dental manifestation of a boy known to have OI type XII, presented with impacted dentition, necessitating combined oral and maxillofacial surgical and orthodontic treatment. This case also highlighted the need of multidisciplinary team assessment in this group of children.

Genotype-phenotype correlations and long-term efficacy of pamidronate therapy in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta

PURPOSE

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare bone fragility disorder caused by defects in type 1 collagen biosynthesis. This study investigated the genotype-phenotype correlations and the efficacy of pamidronate therapy in patients with OI in a single academic center.

METHODS

This study included 24 patients with OI. A clinical scoring system was used to evaluate disorder severity. COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes were analyzed in 13 patients using Sanger sequencing. Genotype-phenotype correlations and the efficacy of pamidronate therapy were analyzed through a retrospective medical chart review.

RESULTS

Of the 24 patients, 18 (75%) were classified as type I (12 with type Ia and 6 with type Ib), 2 as type III (8.4%), and 4 as type IV (16.7%). Type Ia patients showed relatively higher lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) standard deviation scores (SDS) and lower clinical scores than those with other types. Seven patients with qualitative mutations had lower lumbar BMD-SDS (P=0.015) and higher clinical scores (P=0.008) than 6 patients with quantitative mutations. The annual fracture frequency and lumbar BMD-SDS improved in patients with qualitative mutations after pamidronate treatment.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that OI patients with qualitative mutations in COL1A1/2 had a more severe phenotype than those with quantitative mutations. Patients with qualitative mutations showed a significant reduction in fracture frequency and an increase in lumbar BMD-SDS after pamidronate treatment. Clinical score and genotype might be helpful for predicting phenotype and response to pamidronate therapy in OI patients.

Taurodontism in dental genetics

Taurodontism is a dental anomaly defined by enlargement of the pulp chamber of multirooted teeth with apical displacement of the pulp floor and bifurcation of the roots. Taurodontism can be an isolated trait or part of a syndrome. A study was conducted to document the dental and craniofacial aspects of genetic thin bone disorders in South Africa. Sixty-four individuals with Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), one individual with Pyle disease and one with Torg-Winchester syndrome respectively, were assessed clinically, radiographically and at a molecular level. Ten patients with OI XI and those with Pyle disease and Torg-Winchester syndrome had taurodontism. Taurodontism has been identified in several genetic disorders necessitating cognizance of the possible existence and implications of this characteristic when managing patients in the dental environment. Further studies should be directed toward identifying the incidence, etiology, and molecular pathways leading to taurodontism and its relationship to genetic syndromes.

Dental and dentoalveolar dimensions in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta

OBJECTIVE

This cross-sectional study compared tooth and dental arch dimensions of individuals with Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and healthy controls.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The 37 OI patients and 37 controls were aged 10 to 74 years. Mesio-distal tooth size, dental arch dimensions, and palatal height were measured from dental models. The differences between the patient and control groups were analysed statistically with a t-test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS

The average mesio-distal tooth size of individuals with OI was smaller by 0.1 to 0.8 mm, corresponding to 1.4 to 7.3% of the size of the tooth. The patients and controls showed similar anterior-posterior lengths of maxillary and mandibular arches. The OI patient group exhibited increasingly wider maxillary dental arches posterior to the canines and a shallow palate.

CONCLUSIONS

Reduced tooth size is a developmental feature of OI and a shallow palate a characteristic possibly associated with previously documented imparity of vertical jaw development. Observed posterior widening of the dental arches may follow from altered tongue position. Smaller tooth size can be favourable from orthodontic point of view in alleviating crowding, but it might further predispose to fracturing of teeth which is a considerable risk associated with dentine abnormality. The shallow jawbones may initiate development of posterior open bite, rare in general population but relatively often encountered in OI.

Reduced mesiodistal tooth dimension in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare, hereditary disease affecting collagen type-1 in connective tissue. Collagen type-1 is a substantial component of dentine, and it is speculated, whether affected dentine could cause altered mesiodistal tooth dimension possibly affecting restorative treatment regimen. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to measure mesiodistal tooth dimensions in individuals with OI and compare them with healthy controls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifty-seven individuals aged 20-77 years with OI type 1-4 were included and 70 control patients aged 11-34 years were drawn from an orthodontic database. Mesiodistal tooth dimensions of all tooth types, except third molars, were measured in mm (two decimals) on digital 3 D-models of the tooth-bearing arches.

RESULTS

Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis showed that mesiodistal tooth dimension on average was 0.17 mm (95% CI = (-0.33; -0.01)) reduced for the OI group compared to controls. The analysis revealed variation between tooth types; incisors and first premolars were most affected and molars minimally affected.

CONCLUSIONS

The mesiodistal tooth dimension in individuals diagnosed with OI is significantly smaller compared to healthy controls, which should be taken into consideration in the restorative treatment planning of individuals with OI, although the magnitude of the deviation is relatively small. The results on mesiodistal tooth dimensions of the present controls may be used as a standard for comparisons in future studies on tooth dimensions.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta and Caries in Osteogenesis Imperfecta among Vietnamese Children

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by increased bone fragility and low bone mass, caused mainly by mutations in collagen type I encoding genes. The current study aimed to evaluate dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), oral manifestations and caries status of OI children. Sixty-eight children (41 males, 27 females) aged from 3 to 17 years old (mean 9 ± 4.13) participated in the study. Participants were classified into three OI type groups (I—2 cases, III—31 cases and IV—35 cases). Clinical examination and an orthopantomogram were used to obtain prevalences and associations of DI, caries status, malocclusion, crossbite, open bite, eruption, impaction and missing teeth with OI. The prevalence of DI among OI patients was 47.1%, more common in OI type III than type IV. The yellow-brown discoloration type was more vulnerable to attrition than the opalescent-grey one in the primary dentition. OI seemed not to have a high risk of caries; the prevalence of caries was 69.1%. A high incidence of malocclusion, crossbite and open bite was observed. In-depth oral information would provide valuable data for better dental management in OI patients. Parents and general doctors should pay more attention to dental care to prevent caries and premature tooth loss.

Oral health-related quality of life in X-linked hypophosphataemia and osteogenesis imperfecta

X‐linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are rare congenital disorders characterised by skeletal dysplasia. The two disorders may include dental anomalies potentially affecting individual well‐being. The aims of study were (a) to assess the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Danish adults with XLH or OI, and (b) to compare the results of the groups. A cross‐sectional study including 35 adults with XLH, 56 adults with OI type I and 17 adults with OI types III‐IV was conducted. The OHRQoL was assessed by the 49‐item version of the questionnaire Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Summed domain scores (seven) were compared between XLH and OI groups. Prevalence of severe impact on OHRQoL (scores 3‐4) was compared between groups. The median scores in XLH group exceeded the medians in OI (P < .05) in the domains functional limitation (XLH:6.5; OI:4.0), pain (XLH:9.5; OI:5.0), psychological discomfort (XLH:5.5; OI:2.0), psychological disability (XLH:2.0; OI:0.0), handicap (XLH:2.0; OI:0.0) and total OHIP (XLH:35.0; OI:14.0). Differences in domains physical disability (XLH: 4.0; OI: 1.0) and social disability (XLH: 0.0; OI: 0.0) were not significant. Prevalence of severe impact on OHRQoL in the XLH group significantly exceeded the level in OI group in the domains functional limitation (XLH: 59%; OI: 35%), psychological discomfort (XLH: 38%; OI: 20%) and physical disability (XLH: 32%; OI: 13%). In conclusion, adults with XLH experience a higher negative impact on their OHRQoL than adults with OI. Only to a minor degree, individuals with OI types III‐IV experience a higher impact on OHRQoL than individuals with OI type I.

Dental alterations on panoramic radiographs of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta in relation to clinical diagnosis, severity, and bisphosphonate regimen aspects: a STROBE-compliant case-control study

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental findings on panoramic radiographs (PRs) of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and correlate these results with epidemiologic and medical data.

STUDY DESIGN

A case-control study was conducted with 24 patients with OI and 48 sex- and age-matched controls. Demographic, clinical, and bisphosphonate regimen-related data were recorded. The outcome variables were the presence or absence of dental alterations in PRs. Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's χ² test, and multinomial logistic regression analysis (95% confidence interval) were used (significance level of 5%).

RESULTS

OI type 4 demonstrated a high prevalence (62.5%), followed by type 1 (37.5%). With regard to prevalence associated with severity, the moderate form was the most prevalent (P = .028). The mean time of intravenous pamidronate regimen was 6.6 ± 4.4 years. Dentinogenesis imperfecta was observed in 75% of patients with OI, and this group showed a high prevalence of dental abnormalities in comparison with controls (P < .05). Bisphosphonate therapy was associated with ectopic teeth (P = .007) and tooth impaction (P = .033). Pulp obliteration was significant with bisphosphonate treatment over a period of 7 years (P = .026).

CONCLUSIONS

This study found a significant prevalence of dental alterations in patients with OI, and certain alterations were associated with bisphosphonate therapy, indicating its influence on the dentin-related physiopathology.