In Vitro evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpastes on the color and surface roughness of different composite resin materials

Effect of antacid gastric syrups on surface properties of dental restorative materials: an in vitro analysis of roughness and microhardness

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effects of antacid gastric syrups on the surface roughness and microhardness of restorative dental materials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Three different composite resins, nanohybrid, microhybrid and giomer, and four antacid gastric syrups were used in the study. A total of 150 samples were obtained by preparing 50 (10 mm x 2 mm) disk-shaped samples of each composite type. The composites were randomly divided into 5 subgroups and immersed in antacid syrups for 2 min every day for 28 days. The control group samples were kept in distilled water for 28 days. Surface roughness was measured at the beginning, on the 7th, 15th and 28th days using a mechanical profilometer, AFM, and SEM and microhardness was measured using a Vickers device. Shapiro-Wilk, Repeated Measures ANOVA, One-Way ANOVA, Tukey and Games-Howell tests were applied for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

After 28 days, the surface roughness of the giomer composite decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The surface roughness of microhybrid and nanohybrid composites increased slightly but not significantly (p > 0.05). Microhardness values of microhybrid and giomer composites showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). SEM and AFM results were in agreement with the mechanical profilometer findings.

CONCLUSION

Agents such as calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate in antacid gastric syrups can affect the surface properties of restorative dental materials. This may adversely affect the longevity and aesthetics of restorations.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The study emphasizes the need for caution in restorative material selection and care protocols in patients using antacid gastric syrups.

Investigating the impact of whitening toothpastes on bioactive resin-based restorative materials: a comparative analysis

OBJECTIVE

To assess the color stability and surface roughness of bioactive resin-based composite following exposure to coffee staining and brushing with whitening toothpastes.

METHODS

Disk-shaped specimens of Filtek Z250 (FZ), Beautifil Flow Plus (BFP), Activa Presto (AP), and Fuji II LC (FII) were stained with coffee and then brushed with one of three toothpastes, conventional (C-TP), non-peroxide whitening (W-TP) or hydrogen peroxide-containing whitening toothpaste (HPW-TP) for 10 000 cycles. Changes in color (ΔE00) and surface roughness were measured.

RESULTS

Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between restorative material and toothpaste type in roughness (p = 0.049) and ΔE00 (p = 0.007). FII consistently had the highest surface roughness change across all toothpastes, and AP showed significantly higher value than BFP and FZ with C-TP and W-TP (p < 0.001). For color change, FII displayed significantly higher ΔE00 between baseline and staining, as well as between staining and post-brushing with every toothpaste (p < 0.001). All materials had clinically unacceptable ΔE00 ranging from 4.82 ± 1.72 to 11.15 ± 1.44 post-brushing compared to baseline with every toothpaste, with the lowest value observed in Fll with W-TP (p < 0.001). For individual color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb), AP exhibited significantly greater ΔL changes between baseline and post-brushing compared to FZ, BFP, and FII (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed for Δa or Δb across materials at any measurement stage (p > 0.05). Additionally, the effect of toothpaste type on individual parameters, as well as the interaction between material and toothpaste type, was nonsignificant (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

All materials tested showed increased roughness and unacceptable staining with none returning to baseline color or achieving acceptable color change post toothbrushing, irrespective of toothpaste type.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Understanding the effects of staining and whitening toothpastes on bioactive resin-based composites is important for optimizing material selection and maintenance protocols to ensure long-lasting esthetic outcomes in patients prone to staining.

Effect of herbal toothpaste on the colour stability, surface roughness, and microhardness of aesthetic restorative materials-an in vitro study

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the in vitro effects of two commonly used commercial herbal toothpastes (Dabur Meswak and Patanjali Dant Kanti) on the colour stability, surface texture, and microhardness of two commonly used aesthetic restorative materials, i.e., nanofilled composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (NFC and RMGIC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The samples were brushed twice daily using two herbal toothpastes, Dabur Meswak (Dabur India Ltd) and Patanjali Dant Kanti (Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, India) and powered toothbrush. Atomic force microscopy, spectroscopy, and digital micro hardness testing were used to estimate the changes in the surface roughness, colour change, and hardness of the samples, respectively, at baseline and after six months.

RESULTS

Regarding colour change, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between baseline and six months in both the RMGIC and NFC for both herbal toothpastes. Both RMGIC and NFC had higher Ra values when brushed with either toothpaste, indicating a rough surface. The greatest increase in the mean difference in microhardness was observed for the Patanjali Dant Kanti toothpaste samples brushed on both NFC and RMGIC.

CONCLUSION

In our work, herbal toothpaste increased surface roughness and microhardness and caused colour changes in the two most commonly used aesthetic restorative materials.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Herbal toothpastes affect the surface texture of aesthetic dental restorative materials. Dental professionals may need to educate their patients to be cautious regarding the prolonged use of herbal toothpaste.

Effect of brushing simulation on the wear behavior of repaired CAD-CAM restorations

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of multidirectional brushing on the surface roughness, morphology, and bonding interface of resin-repaired CAD-CAM ceramic and composite restorations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Twelve (N = 12) blocks (4 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm for parallel axis; 5 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm for perpendicular axis) of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar AG) and CAD-CAM resin composite (Tetric CAD, Ivoclar AG) were obtained and repaired with direct resin composite (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray). An abrasive slurry was prepared and the brushing was performed according to each restorative material and axis of brushing (n = 6; perpendicular to repair interface and parallel to repair interface) during 3,650 cycles (240 strokes per minute) to simulate 3 years of brushing. The surface roughness (Ra) and the profile variation for each material (restoration and direct repair resin composite) were measured at the baseline condition and after brushing, and the mean roughness and presence of steps at the repair interface were evaluated through factorial analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were taken to evaluate the surface topography of the repaired materials after brushing.

RESULTS

The mean roughness of the repaired CAD-CAM restorations was affected by the brushing (P < .05), mainly when evaluating the repair material and the interface (P < .05), while the restorative CAD-CAM materials presented more stable values. The profile evaluation showed higher steps at the interface when repairing lithium disilicate than for CAD-CAM resin composite.

CONCLUSION

Repaired CAD-CAM restorations were susceptible to wear after brushing simulation. The surface roughness of the direct resin composite was the most affected leading to step development at the interface, particularly in the repaired lithium disilicate samples. Cinical maintenance recalls and polishing protocols must be considered to enhance the longevity of such restorations.

Surface roughness of different types of resin composites after artificial aging procedures: an in vitro study

BACKGROUND

The temperature changes, chemical agents, and brushing activity that resin composite restorations are exposed to in the oral environment can cause changes in surface roughness. In this study, the aim was to investigate in vitro the clinical one-year surface roughness changes of different types of composites (flowable or conventional) from the same companies by subjecting them to immersion in solutions, brushing, and thermal cycling procedures to simulate intraoral conditions.

METHODS

Four different resin composite brands were included in the study using both their conventional (Charisma Smart, 3M Filtek Ultimate Universal, Omnichroma, Beautifil II) and flowable resin composites (Charisma Flow, 3M Filtek Ultimate Flowable, Omnichroma Flow, Beautifil Flow Plus F00), giving 4 groups with 2 types of resin composite in each. 40 samples were prepared for each group/resin type, for a total of 320 samples. After initial surface roughness measurements by a mechanical profilometer, the samples were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 10) and immersed in solutions (distilled water, tea, coffee, or wine) for 12 days. The samples were then subjected to 10,000 cycles of brushing simulation and 10,000 cycles of thermal aging. Surface roughness measurements were repeated after the procedures. For statistical analysis, the 3-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used (p < 0.05).

RESULTS

It was concluded that composite groups and types had an effect on surface roughness at time t0 (p < 0.001). At time t1, the highest surface roughness value was obtained in the Beautifil-conventional interaction. When the surface roughness values between time t0 and t1 were compared, an increase was observed in the Beautifil II and Beautifil Flow Plus F00, while a decrease was observed in the other composite groups.

CONCLUSION

Composite groups, types, and solutions had an effect on the surface roughness of resin composites. After aging procedures, it was concluded that the Beautifil group could not maintain the surface structure as it exceeded the threshold value of 0.2 μm for bacterial adhesion.

The effect of whitening toothpastes on the color stability and surface roughness of stained resin composite

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the effect of whitening toothpastes on the color stability and surface roughness of resin composites stained with coffee and cigarette smoke.

METHODS

Seventy-two disk-shaped specimens (6 × 2 mm) of suprananohybrid resin composite were randomly divided into two groups and exposed to coffee and cigarette smoke (n = 36). After staining, the samples randomly divided into four groups according to whitening toothpastes and were brushed for 4 min: Opalescence Whitening (OW); Colgate Optic White (COW); Curaprox Black is White (CPX) and, distilled water (control) (n = 9). Color was measured with spectrophotometer at the initial, after staining, and after brushing, and surface roughness was measured with profilometer at the initial and after brushing. A surface morphology analysis was examined using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. (p < 0.05).

RESULTS

Cigarette smoke caused a significantly higher color change than coffee in the resin composite (p < 0.05). Brushing with hydrogen peroxide and silica-containing whitening toothpaste showed significant differences in color change (p < 0.05). The lowest whitening effect was found in activated charcoal-containing toothpaste. While all toothpastes increased the degree of surface roughness of resin composites, the highest roughness was caused by whitening toothpastes containing activated charcoal. (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The color stability and surface properties of resin composites can be affected by brushing them with whitening toothpaste. The utilization of whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide can be considered a safe method for increasing the whiteness of discolored resin composites.

Change in surface properties of two different dental resin composites after using various beverages and brushing

BACKGROUND

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of various beverages; with and without brushing; on the surface mechanical properties of two resin composites.

METHODS

A total of 160 disc-shaped specimens were prepared for each of the following dental composites; nanohybrid ormocer (Admira fusion, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany). The baseline surface hardness and roughness measurements were carried out after 24 h. The composite samples were randomly distributed into one of the two groups; brushing and non-brushing, which were further divided into one of the four subgroups (n = 10); artificial saliva as control, coffee, red wine, and soft drink. In the non-brushing group, the specimens were immersed in the different beverages for five minutes three times daily for 30 days. The same procedure was done for the brushing group, in addition to brushing the specimens for five seconds. The surface hardness and roughness measurements were repeated after 30 days. One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

The soft drink had the most deteriorating effect and artificial saliva had the least. The change in surface properties was higher in the brushing subgroups. Grandio exhibited a higher change in surface microhardness while Admira fusion exhibited a higher change in surface roughness.

CONCLUSIONS

The surface properties of both dental resin composites were negatively affected by using beverages and brushing.