1
|
Namuga C, Ocan M, Kinengyere AA, Richard S, Namisango E, Muwonge H, Kirabira JB, Lawrence M, Obuku EA. Efficacy of nano encapsulated herbal extracts in the treatment of induced wounds in animal models: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2023; 12:215. [PMID: 37968731 PMCID: PMC10652619 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wounds inflict pain and affect human health causing high expenditure on treatment and management. Herbal crude extracts are used in traditional medicine as a treatment for wounds and other illnesses. However, the progress in the use of plants has been deterred due to their poor solubility and poor bioavailability requiring administration at high doses. It has been established that nanoencapsulation of herbal products in nanocarriers (size 1 nm to 100 nm) such as nanofibers, nanoparticles, nanospheres, and nanoliposomes greatly improves their efficacy. Due to their small and large surface area, nanocarriers are more biologically active, improve bioavailability, protect the drug from deterioration, and release it to the targeted site in a sustainable manner. AIM The review aims to collate and appraise evidence on the efficacy of nano encapsulated herbal extracts in the treatment of induced wounds in animal models. METHODS The review will be protocol-driven and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis for Protocols (PRISMA-P) and protocol guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis for animal intervention studies. The final review will be conducted and reported with reference to PRISMA 2020 statement. Studies will be searched in Pub Med, ProQuest, Web of Science, Medline Ovid, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA flow criteria will be followed in screening the articles for inclusion. Data extraction form will be designed in Excel spreadsheet 2013 and data extracted based on the primary and secondary outcomes. Risk of bias assessment will be done using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. Data analysis will be done using narrative and quantitative synthesis. EXPECTED RESULTS We hope to make meaningful comparisons between the effectiveness of the herb-loaded nanomaterials and other interventions (controls) in the selected studies, based on the primary and secondary outcome measures. We expect that these findings to inform clinical practice on whether preclinical studies show enough quality evidence on the efficacy and safety of herbal-loaded nanomaterials that can be translated into clinical trials and further research. SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO 330330. The protocol was submitted on the 11th of May 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Namuga
- Department of Polymer, Textile and Industrial Engineering, Busitema University, Tororo, P. O. Box 256, Uganda.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Makerere University, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda.
| | - Moses Ocan
- Department of Pharmacology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alison A Kinengyere
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Albert Cook Library, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ssenono Richard
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P. O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eve Namisango
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Haruna Muwonge
- Department of Physiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU), P.O Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Baptist Kirabira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Makerere University, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Mugisha Lawrence
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ekwaro A Obuku
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Asio L, Nasasira M, Kiguba R. Hospital admissions attributed to adverse drug reactions in tertiary care in Uganda: burden and contributing factors. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2023; 14:20420986231188842. [PMID: 37529762 PMCID: PMC10387768 DOI: 10.1177/20420986231188842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) contribute to the burden of disease globally and of particular concern are ADR-related hospital admissions. Objectives This study sought to determine the burden, characteristics, contributing factors and patient outcomes of ADRs that were the primary diagnosis linked to hospital admission among inpatients in Uganda. Design We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study of adult inpatients aged 18 years and older at Uganda's Mulago National Referral Hospital from November 2013 to April 2014. Methods We reviewed clinical charts to identify inpatients with an ADR as one of the admitting diagnoses and, if so, whether or not the hospital admission was primarily attributed to the ADR. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with hospital admissions primarily attributed to ADRs. Results Among 762 inpatients, 14% had ADRs at hospital admission and 7% were primarily hospitalized due to ADRs. A total of 235 ADRs occurred among all inpatients and 57% of the ADRs were the primary diagnosis linked to hospital admission. The majority of ADRs occurred in people living with HIV and were attributed to antiretroviral drugs. HIV infection [aOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-6.77], use of antiretroviral therapy (aOR = 5.46, 95% CI: 2.56-11.68), self-medication (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.14-4.55) and higher number of drugs used (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.26) were independently associated with hospital admissions attributed to ADRs. Conclusion Antiretroviral drugs were often implicated in ADR-related hospital admissions. HIV infection (whether managed by antiretroviral therapy or not), self-medication and high pill burden were associated with hospital admissions attributable to ADRs. The high HIV burden in Sub-Saharan Africa increases the risk of ADR-related hospitalization implying the need for emphasis on early detection, monitoring and appropriate management of ADRs associated with hospital admission in people living with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Asio
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ronald Kiguba
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 21124, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ssenku JE, Okurut SA, Namuli A, Kudamba A, Tugume P, Matovu P, Wasige G, Kafeero HM, Walusansa A. Medicinal plant use, conservation, and the associated traditional knowledge in rural communities in Eastern Uganda. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:39. [PMID: 35668541 PMCID: PMC9168352 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global consumption of herbal medicine is increasing steadily, posing an extinction risk to medicinal plants. Uganda is among the top ten countries with a high threat of herbal medicine extinction, and Traditional Medicinal Knowledge (TMK) erosion. This might be attributed to the inadequate documentation, plus many more unclear hindrances. In this study, plant species used to treat human diseases in Butaleja district in Eastern Uganda and their associated TMK were documented. The conservation methods for medicinal plants were also evaluated. The rationale was to support the preservation of ethnopharmacological knowledge.
Methods Data were collected from 80 herbalists using semi-structured questionnaires, from July 2020 to March 2021. Additionally, guided field walks and observations were conducted. Quantitative indices such as, use categories and informant consensus factor (ICF) were evaluated to elucidate the importance of the medicinal plants. Data were analyzed using STATA version-15.0 software. Results In total, 133 species, belonging to 34 families and 125 genera were identified. Fabaceae (65%), and Solanaceae (29%) were the dominant families. Leaves (80%), and roots (15%), were the commonest parts used in medicinal preparations; mostly administered orally as decoctions (34.6%) and infusions (16%). The commonest illnesses treated were cough (7.74%), gastric ulcers (7.42%), and malaria (4.52%). The informant consensus factor was high for all disease categories (≥ 0.8), indicating homogeneity of knowledge about remedies used. Only 73% of the respondents made efforts to conserve medicinal plants. The commonest conservation strategy was preservation of forests with spiritually valued species (100%), while compliance with government regulations was the rarest (4.5%). Overall, efforts to stop the extinction of medicinal plants and TMK were inadequate.
Conclusion and recommendations There was enormous dependency on a rich diversity of medicinal plant species and TMK for healthcare and income generation. The potential for medicinal plant biodiversity loss was evident due to habitat destruction. Inclusion of traditional cultural norms in conservation strategies, and laboratory-based efficacy tests for the species identified are necessary, to promote the conservative and utilization of validated herbal medicines and TMK in rural settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41182-022-00428-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamilu E Ssenku
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda. .,Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Shaban A Okurut
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Aidah Namuli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Ali Kudamba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Patience Tugume
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Matovu
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Forestry Sector Support Department, Nyabyeya Forestry College, Ministry of Water and Environment, Masindi, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Wasige
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Hussein M Kafeero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abdul Walusansa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Uganda, Mbale, Uganda.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alobo G, Reverzani C, Nahurira V, Sarno L. Septic shock, acute renal and liver failure following unsafe abortion using bitter leaves and wandering jew in northern Uganda: A case series. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e5975. [PMID: 35782209 PMCID: PMC9234617 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gasthony Alobo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Lira University Lira Uganda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology St. Mary's Hospital Lacor Gulu Uganda
| | - Cristina Reverzani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology St. Mary's Hospital Lacor Gulu Uganda
| | - Violah Nahurira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology St. Mary's Hospital Lacor Gulu Uganda
| | - Laura Sarno
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Science and Dentistry University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lubega M, Osingada CP, Kasirye P. Use of herbal medicine by caregivers in the management of children with sickle cell disease in Mulago National Referral Hospital - Uganda. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:163. [PMID: 34548892 PMCID: PMC8435373 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.163.20740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is the leading genetic disease in sub-Saharan Africa and therefore remains a global public health threat. Use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) most especially herbal medicine (HM) in chronic diseases such as sickle cell disease has widely been reported in Africa where advanced technologies are greatly lacking. Despite a large presence of the sickle cell disease in Uganda, the extent to which herbal medicines are used in management of children with sickle cell disease has not been documented. This study purposed to determine the prevalence of herbal medicine (HM) use and associated factors among caregivers of children with SCD at Mulago National Referral Hospital. Methods a total of 384 child caretakers were interviewed in a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study conducted at the Mulago Sickle cell clinic in March 2019. Enrolment was done consecutively and a structured interviewer administered questionnaire administered to collect data from the caretakers which was managed using SPSS version 23. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with herbal medicine (HM) use. Factors with p-value <0.05 were regarded significant. Results the rate of herbal use was 77.6% (298 of 384 caregivers). At multivariate analysis, the odds of a caregiver who agreed that; HM cures symptoms faster than conventional medicine (CM) were 3 times those who disagreed with this statement (AOR =3.439, 95% CI: 1.447 - 8.176). The odds that a caregiver who agreed that HM has fewer side effects than CM were almost 4 times those that disagreed with this statement (AOR = 3.528, 95% CI: 1.917 -6.494). The odds that a caregiver who agreed that marketing HM through televisions adverts encourages HM use were 4 times those who disagreed with this statement (AOR = 4.185, 95% CI: 2.036 -8.603). Conclusion this study reports a high prevalence of HM use among caregivers of children with SCD at Mulago Hospital, in Uganda. The practice is significantly influenced by caretakers´ perception that HM cures symptoms faster than CM, has fewer side effects and that telemarketing has greatly facilitated its use over CM. More effort is therefore needed to encourage clinic attendances and CM use and limit the unfounded TV adverts on HM. There is also need for studies to identify the common HM used so that their efficacy and safety are well studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lubega
- Department of Nursing, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Phillip Kasirye
- Department of Pediatrics, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
IfedibaluChukwu EI, Aparoop D, Kamaruz Z. Antidiabetic, anthelmintic and antioxidation properties of novel and new phytocompounds isolated from the methanolic stem-bark of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Asteraceae). SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
7
|
Adedapo ADA, Adedeji WA, Adedapo IA, Adedapo KS. Cohort study on adverse drug reactions in adults admitted to the medical wards of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: Prevalence, incidence, risk factors and fatality. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1878-1889. [PMID: 32991765 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Intensive monitoring of medical patients for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to assess prevalence, incidence, risk factors and fatality of ADRs leading to hospital admission or occurring in the hospital. METHODS Prospective cohort study on 1280 adult patients admitted to the medical wards of a tertiary institution over 12 months. Patients were assessed for ADRs during and throughout admission; causality and preventability of ADRs were assessed. RESULTS Sixty-seven (5.2%) patients had ADRs, 51 (3.9%) caused hospitalisation while 17(1.3%) occurred during hospitalisation, and 42 (62.7%) of total ADRs were preventable. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 14 (20.3%), antidiabetics, 12 (17.4%) and antibacterial, 11 (15.8%) were the most implicated drug classes. Gastrointestinal tract (37%), central nervous system (30.2%), and skin (24.7%) were the most affected organ/systems, while upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hypoglycaemia were the most observed ADRs. ADRs led to deaths in 7 (10.4%) patients, with an overall case fatality rate of 0.5%. The highest number of deaths were among patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome 2/7 (28.6%) and hepatotoxicity 2/7 (28.6%). Risk factors, adjusted odds ratio (AOR [95% confidence interval, CI]) for ADRs leading to hospitalisation was male sex 3.11 (1.11, 8.73) while for ADRs during hospitalisation were number of drugs used before admission (AOR [95% CI] = 6.67 [1.16, 38.47]) and comorbidities (AOR [95% CI] = 3.0 [1.13, 8.01]). Patients admitted with ADRs had prolonged hospital stay (AOR [95% CI] = 3.37 [1.11, 8.71]). CONCLUSION Preventable ADRs are common and important causes of hospitalisation and inpatients' morbidity and mortality among medical patients in Nigeria. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hypoglycaemia, resulting from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antidiabetic drugs were the most observed ADRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aduragbenro D A Adedapo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Waheed A Adedeji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Kayode S Adedapo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mwaka AD, Abbo C, Kinengyere AA. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Use Among Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Conventional Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review on the Use, Safety and Risks. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3699-3712. [PMID: 32547206 PMCID: PMC7246319 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s251975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Use of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) is very common among patients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there are limited data on concurrent use of T&CM with conventional cancer therapies. In this scoping review, we sought to describe the (i) prevalence of use, (ii) types of medicine, (iii) reasons for taking T&CM, (iv) current knowledge on safety and risks, (v) characteristics of adult cancer patients who use T&CM, and (vi) perceived treatment outcomes among cancer patients undergoing conventional cancer treatment in SSA. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search for articles published in the English language in three scientific databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science). We used a scoping review approach to map relevant literature on T&CM use among cancer patients undergoing conventional cancer treatments. We assessed 96 articles based on titles and abstracts, and 23 articles based on full text. Twelve articles fulfilled preset eligibility criteria. Results More than half of the included articles were from only two countries in SSA: Nigeria and Uganda. Median prevalence of use of T&CM was 60.0% (range: 14.1-79.0%). Median percent disclosure of use of T&CM to attending healthcare professionals was low at 32% (range: 15.3-85.7%). The most common reasons for non-disclosure were: the doctor did not ask, the doctor would rebuke them for using T&CM, and the doctors do not know much about T&CM and so there is no need to share the issue of use with them. T&CM used by cancer patients included herbs, healing prayers and massage. Reported reasons for use of T&CM in 8 of 12 articles included the wish to get rid of cancer symptoms, especially pain, cure cancer, improve physical and psychological well-being, treat toxicity of conventional cancer therapies and improve immunity. There were limited data on safety and risk profiles of T&CM among cancer patients in SSA. Conclusion Use of traditional and complementary medicines is common among cancer patients undergoing conventional cancer treatments. Healthcare professionals caring for cancer patients ought to inquire and communicate effectively regarding the use of T&CM in order to minimize the risks of side effects from concurrent use of T&CM and biomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos Deogratius Mwaka
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Catherine Abbo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alison Annet Kinengyere
- Albert Cook Medical Library, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
James PB, Wardle J, Steel A, Adams J. Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3:e000895. [PMID: 30483405 PMCID: PMC6231111 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The WHO estimates that a considerable number of people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) rely on traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) to meet their primary healthcare needs, yet there remains a dearth of research evidence on the overall picture of TCAM utilisation in the region. Methods We conducted a literature search of original articles examining TCAM use in SSA between 1 January 2006 and 28 February 2017, employing Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, Embase and African Journals Online databases. A critical appraisal of relevant articles reporting a quantitative or mixed-method design was undertaken. Results Despite the heterogeneity and general low quality of the identified literature, the review highlights a relatively high use of TCAM alone or in combination with orthodox medicine, in both general population and in specific health conditions in SSA. TCAM users compared with non-TCAM users are more likely to be of low socioeconomic and educational status, while there were inconsistencies in age, sex, spatial location and religious affiliation between TCAM users and non-TCAM users. Most TCAM users (55.8%–100%) in SSA fail to disclose TCAM use to their healthcare providers, with the main reasons for non-disclosure being fear of receiving improper care, healthcare providers’ negative attitude and a lack of enquiry about TCAM use from healthcare providers. Conclusion TCAM use in SSA is significant, although most studies emerge from a few countries. Factors associated with TCAM use in SSA are similar to those observed in other regions, but further research may be required to further elucidate challenges and opportunities related to TCAM use specific to SSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bai James
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Jon Wardle
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amie Steel
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Office of Research, Endeavour College of Natural Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vernonia amygdalina : A folkloric herb with anthelminthic properties. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
11
|
Levy I, Attias S, Ben-Arye E, Schiff E. Use and safety of dietary and herbal supplements among hospitalized patients: What have we learned and what can be learned?—A narrative review. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
12
|
Mbunde MVN, Innocent E, Mabiki F, Andersson PG. Ethnobotanical survey and toxicity evaluation of medicinal plants used for fungal remedy in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 6:84-96. [PMID: 28163965 PMCID: PMC5289093 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161222103956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: Some of the antifungal drugs used in the current treatments regime are responding to antimicrobial resistance. In rural areas of Southern Tanzania, indigenous people use antifungal drugs alone or together with medicinal plants to curb the effects of antibiotic resistance. This study documented ethnobotanical information of medicinal plants used for managing fungal infections in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania and further assess their safety. Materials and Methods: Ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Makete and Mufindi districts between July 2014 and December 2015 using semi-structured questionnaires followed by two focus group discussions to verify respondents’ information. Cytotoxicity study was conducted on extracts of collected plants using brine shrimp lethality test and analyzed by MS Excel 2013 program. Results: During this survey about 46 plant species belonging to 28 families of angiosperms were reported to be traditionally useful in managing fungal and other health conditions. Among these, Terminalia sericea, Aloe nutii, Aloe lateritia, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Zanthoxylum deremense, and Kigelia africana were frequently mentioned to be used for managing fungal infections. The preparation of these herbals was mostly by boiling plant parts especially the leaves and roots. Cytotoxicity study revealed that most of the plants tested were nontoxic with LC50 > 100 which implies that most compounds from these plants are safe for therapeutic use. The dichloromethane extract of Croton macrostachyus recorded the highest with LC50 value 12.94 µg/ml. The ethnobotanical survey correlated well with documented literature from elsewhere about the bioactivity of most plants. Conclusions: The ethnobotanical survey has revealed that traditional healers are rich of knowledge to build on for therapeutic studies. Most of the plants are safe for use; and thus can be considered for further studies on drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mourice Victor Nyangabo Mbunde
- Department of Natural Products Development and Formulation, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ester Innocent
- Department of Biological and Pre-clinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Faith Mabiki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Pher G Andersson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, The Arrhenius Laboratory, P.O. Box 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kiguba R, Ononge S, Karamagi C, Bird SM. Herbal medicine use and linked suspected adverse drug reactions in a prospective cohort of Ugandan inpatients. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:145. [PMID: 27229463 PMCID: PMC4881043 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Clinical history-taking can be employed as a standardized approach to elucidate the use of herbal medicines and their linked suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among hospitalized patients. We sought to identify herbal medicines nominated by Ugandan inpatients; compare nomination rates by ward and gender; confirm the herbs’ known pharmacological properties from published literature; and identify ADRs linked to pre-admission use of herbal medicines. Methods Prospective cohort of consented adult inpatients designed to assess medication use and ADRs on one gynaecological and three medical wards of 1790-bed Mulago National Referral Hospital. Baseline and follow-up data were obtained on patients’ characteristics, including pre-admission use of herbal medicines. Results Fourteen percent (26/191) of females in Gynaecology nominated at least one specific herbal medicine compared with 20 % (114/571) of inpatients on medical wards [20 % (69/343) of females; 20 % (45/228) of males]. Frequent nominations were Persea americana (30), Mumbwa/multiple-herb clay rods (23), Aloe barbadensis (22), Beta vulgaris (12), Vernonia amygdalina (11), Commelina africana (7), Bidens pilosa (7), Hoslundia opposita (6), Mangifera indica (4), and Dicliptera laxata (4). Four inpatients experienced 10 suspected ADRs linked to pre-admission herbal medicine use including Commelina africana (4), multiple-herb-mumbwa (1), or unspecified local-herbs (5): three ADR-cases were abortion-related and one kidney-related. Conclusions The named herbal medicines and their nomination rates generally differed by specialized ward, probably guided by local folklore knowledge of their use. Clinical elicitation from inpatients can generate valuable safety data on herbal medicine use. However, larger routine studies might increase the utility of our method to assess herbal medicine use and detect herb-linked ADRs. Future studies should take testable samples of ADR-implicated herbal medicines for further analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1125-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|